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specifically, how do we get businesses cost-benefit rules that govern all other allowed to speak as in morning bust-
to do more in terms of hiring, spend agencies. In 1995, we had this debate ness for up to 10 minutes each.
less on redtape. less on bureaucracy, and determined at that time we would
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
and reduce the regulatory burden in not extend the legislation to lade- objection. it is so ordered.
smart ways?
pendent agencies. In the interim, inde-
The current administration has said pendent agencies have been providing
some of the right things but actually more and more rules, have put out
moved in the wrong direction. We have more and more regulations, and are
Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, 1
seen a sharp increase in the last couple having a bigger and bigger impact. An rise today to recognize a distinguished
of years in what are doomed to be example of an independent agency Kentuckian who has worked tirelessly
major economically significant rules. would be the SEC. the Securities and on behalf of our Nation's soldiers, sail-
That is defined as regulations that ins- Exchange Commission. or the CFTC, ors and marines for more than 40 years.
pose a cost on the economy of $100 mil- which is the Commodity Futures Trad- Louis E. Divan, a lifelong resident of
lion or more.
ing Commission. These are agencies my hometown of Louisville, has played
According to the administration's Of- that, although independent in the exec- a vital role in protecting the men and
floe of Management and Budget, the utive branch, are very much involved women of our Armed Forces and our
current administration has been regu- in putting out major rules and regular
kiting at a pace of 84 major rules per Nona. It is sometimes called the "head- country's defense.
Formerly • sailor himself in the V.B.
year. By way of comparison, that is less fourth branch" of government be- Navy, he has served for the last 11
about a 50-percent increase over the cause their rules are not reviewed for years as the general manager of
regulatory output during the Clinton cost-benefit analysis, even by the OMB. Raytheon Missile Systems operations
administration. which had about 58 the Office of Management and Budget, in Louisville. I was saddened to hear of
rules per year. and an increase from in its Office of Information and Ftegu-
his retirement from that position this
the Bush administration as well. So we latory Affairs, so-called OIRA.
have seen more regulations and more
Wo have looked at some GAO data coming July 5. He will certainly be
significant regulations.
and put together various studies. and it missed.
I was encouraged to hear President appears to us that there are about 200
Mr. Civan—or, to those who know
Obama's words when he talked about regulations that were issued between him. Ed—was a 1988 graduate of Sc Xs-
the Executive order in January. which 1996 until today that would be deemed vier High School in Louisville and in
is entitled "Improving Regulation and to have an impact Of $100 million or 1970 earned his bachelor of science de-
Regulatory Review." But now we need more on the economy but wore auto- give in mechanical engineering from
to see action. We need to see it from matically excluded from the Unfunded the J.B. Speed School of Engineering
the administration, from individual Mandates Relief Act because they were at the University of Louisville. In 1988.
agencies to provide real regulatory re- deemed to be from independent seen- he began
cies.
working at the Naval Ord-
lief for job creators to be able to reduce
nance Station in Louisville. and he
this drag on the economy.
So it is basically closing a loophole stayed at that poet until 1996, in var-
One commonsense step we can take is and closing this independent agency iota engineering and supervisory post-
to strengthen what is called the Un- loophole, which I believe is a sensible dons.
funded Mandates Relief Act. It was reform. It has been endorsed by many
In 1996 the Naval Ordnance Station
passed in 1995. It was bipartisan. I was people, including• interestingly, the transitioned to private ownership, and
a cosponsor in the House of Represent- current OIRA Administrator and the Ed's leadership was crucial in making
&lives. It is an effort to require Federal President's
regulatory
czar,
Cass that transition a successful one. The
regulators to evaluate the cost of rules. Sunstein, who, in a 2002 Law Review ar- facility eventually became part of
to look at the benefits and the costs, tide, talked about the fact that this is Raytheon Missile Systems, and Ed was
and to look at less costly alternatives an area where UMRA ought to be ex- appointed general manager in 2000. As
on rules.
tended because, again, there were so general manager. Ed has led Raytheon
The two amendments I would like to many independent agencies that were Missile Systems in Louisville to great
offer over the next few days as we con- putting out regulations impacting job success, success for both the company
eider the legislation before us would creation in this country.
and for the local community. They de-
No regulation, whatever its source, sign. develop. and produce vital weal).
Improve this Unfunded Mandates Re-
form Act, and it would reform it in should be imposed on American em- one systems for our armed forces, ena-
ways that are entirely consistent with ployors or on State and local govern- bling America to have the moot fermi-
the principle President Obama has laid menu without serious consideration of dable military force in the world.
out and committed to in his Executive the costs, the benefits. and the avail- Weapons produced at the Louisville far
order on regulatory review.
ability of a least-burdensome alter- ditty are used by our forces in all parts
The first amendment would require native. Both these amendments would of the globe, including in Iraq.
agencies specifically to assess poten- move us further toward that sensible
Kentucky is lucky to have benefitted
tial effects of nets regulations on Joh goal, and I hope the leadership will from Ed's dedication, commitment to
creation—so focusing in on jobs—and allow these amendments to be offered. excellence. and leadership for so many
to consider market-based and non- I think they fit well with the under- years. I am sure his wife Velma: his
governmental alternatives to regular lying legislation. If they arc offered, I WEB Eddie. Tony. and Chris: and his
Non. This would broaden the scope of certainly urge my colleagues on both grandchildren
Benjamin,
Nathan,
the Unfunded Mandates Relief Act to sides of the aisle to support them.
Isaac. Macy and Natalie are all very
I yield the floor. I suggest the ab- proud of what Ed has accomplished. I
require cost-benefit analysis of rules sense of a quorum,
wish him the very beet in retirement,
that impose direct or indirect costs of
The
PRESIDING
OFFICER.
The and I am sure my colleagues join me in
3100 million a year or more. So, again.
this is for major rules of $100 million or clerk will call.
saying that this U.B. Senate thanks
more. It would also require agencies to
The bill clerk proceeded tO call the Mr. Louis E. "Ed" Divan for his faith-
adopt the least costly or least burden-
roMll. r. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask
MI service.
some option that achieves whatever unanimous consent that the order for
policy goals have been set out by Con- the quorum call be rescinded.
CRIME VICTIMS' RIGHTS ACT
great It seems to me it is a common-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
sense amendment. I hope we will get objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. KYL. Mr. President. I ask unanl-
bipartisan support for it.
mous consent that the following letter
The second amendment would extend
be printed in the RECORD.
the Unfunded Mandates Relief Act to
There being no objection, the mate-
so-called independent agencies which
Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask vial was ordered to be printed in the
today are actually exempt from the unanimous consent that Senators be RECORD, as follows:
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Page 3 of 4
June 8, 2011
U.S. SENATE.
Washington, DC. June 6. 201l.
Hon. ERIC H. HOLDER, Jr..
Attorney General. U.S. Department of Justice.
Washington. DC.
DEAR ATTORNEY GithiateL animate I am
writing about the Justice Department's im•
plementation of the Crime VMUms' Rights
Act, an act that I co-sponsored in 2004.
These questions relate to an Office of Legal
Counsel ("OLC") Opinion made public on
May 20 2011 and more broadly to concerns I
have heard from crime victims' advocates
that the Department has been thwarting ef-
fective implementation of the Act by failing
to extend the Act to the investigative phases
of criminal cases and by preventing effective
appellate enforcement of victims' rights. I
am writing to ask you to answer these ques-
tions and explain the Department's actions
in these areas.
GOVERNMENT rkstritCrION OF VICTIMS' RIGHTS
DUiumo INvillsTiGATION Or A CRIMP:
When Congress enacted the CUBA. it in-
tended to protect crime victim throughout
the criminal Justice process—from the inves-
tigative phases to the final conclusion of a
case. Congress could not have been clearer in
its direction that using "best efforts to en-
force the CVRA
was an obligation of
"Ielfficers and employees of the Department
of Justice and other departments and agen-
cies of the United States engaged In the de-
fection. investigation. Or prosecution of crime
. . ." Is U.S.C. 13711(c)(1) (emphasis added).
Congress also permitted crime victims to as•
art their rights either In the court in which
formal charges had already been filed "or, If
no prosecution is underway. in the district
court in the district in which the crime oc-
curred."
18 U.S.C. 43771(d)(3) (emphasis
added).
Despite Congress' clear intention to extend
rights to crime victims throughout the proo'
ess. the Justice Department is reading the
CVRA much more narrowly. In the recent
OLC opinion, for example, the Department
takes the position that "the CVRA is best
read se providing that the rights identified
in section 3Til(a) are guaranteed from the
time that criminal proceedings are Initiated
(by complaint. information. or indictment)
and cease to be available If all charges are
dismissed either voluntarily or on the merits
(or if the Government declines to bring for-
mal charges after the filing of a complaint)."
The Availability of Crime Victims' Rights
Under the Crime Victims' Rights Act of 2004.
Memorandum from John E Mee (Dec. 17,
2010. publicly released May 20. 2011) (herein-
after "OLC Opinion"). Indeed, in that seine
opinion. I am surprised to see the Depart-
ment citing a snippet from my floor remarks
during the passage of the CVRA for the prop-
osition that crime victims can confer with
prosecutors only after the formal filing of
charges. See id. at 9 (citing 150 Cong. Rec.
SOSO. 94288 (Apr. 22. 2004) (statement of Sen.
Kyl).
I did want to express my surprise that your
prosecutors are so clearly quoting my re-
marks out of context. Here is the full pas-
sage of my remarks, which were part of a
colloquy with my co-sponsor on the CVRA.
Senator Feinstein.
Senator Feinstein: Section
(a)(5) pro-
vides a right to confer with the attorney for
the Government in the case. This right is In•
(ended to be expansive. For example. the vic-
tim has the right to confer with the Oovern-
meat concerning any critical stage or dis-
position of the case. The right. however. is not
limited to these tramples. I ask the Senator if
he concurs
this Intent.
Senator Kyl: Yes. The intent of this sec•
Lion is mat as the Senator says. This right to
confer does not give the crime victim any
right to direct the prosecution. Prosecutors
should consider it part of their profession to
be available to consult with crime victims
about concerns the victims may have which
are pertinent to the case. case proceedings or
dispositions. Under this provision. victims are
able to confer with the UoirernmenCs attorney
about proceedings after charging.
160 CURL Rec. 84280, 54218 (Apr. 22. 2000
(statements of Sens Feinstein & Kid) (em-
phases added). Read in context, It is obvious
that the main point of my remarks was that
a victim's right to confer was -intended to
be expansive." Senator Feinstein and I then
gave various examples of situations in which
victims could confer with prosecutors, with
the note that the right to confer was "not
limited to these examples." It la therefore
troubling to me that in this opinion the Jus-
tice Department is quoting only a limited
portion of my remarks and wrenching them
out of context to suggest that I think that
crime victims do not have any right to con-
feehrar(ogringto be treated with fairness) until after
In giving an example that the victim)
would have such rights after charging. I was
not suggesting that they had no such right
earlier In the process. Elsewhere in my re-
marks I made clear that crime victims had
rights under the CVRA even before an Indict-
ment Is filed. FOr example. In the passage
quoted above. I made clear that crime vie•
tints had a right to consult about both "the
case" and '-case proceedings"—i.e.. both
about how the case was being handled before
being filed in court and then later how the
case was being handled In court "pro-
ceedings." As another example. Senator
Feinstein and I explained that we had draft-
ed the CVRA to extend a right to victims to
attend only "public" proceedings, because
otherwise the rights would extend to grand
jury proceeding.. See. e.g.. 150 Cong. Rec.
94260. St288 (Apr. 22. 2004) (statements of
Sens. Feinstein & Kyl). Of course, no such
limitation would have been necessary under
the CVFL4. If CVRA rights attach (as the De-
partment seems to think) only after the
Ina of a grand jury indictment.
Courts have already rejected the Justice
Department's position that. the CVRA ap-
plies only after an Indictment is Med. For
example, In In re Dean. 627 F.3d 391 (6th Clr.
2008). the Department took the position that
crime victims had no right to confer with
prosecutors until after the Department had
reached and signed a plea agreement with a
corporation (BP Products North America)
whose illegal actions had resulted in the
deaths of fifteen workers in an oil refinery
explosion. Of course, this position meant
that the victims could have no role in shap-
ing any plea deal that the Department
reached. In rejecting the Department's posi-
tion. the Fifth Circuit held that "the govern-
ment should have fashioned a reasonable
way to inform the victims of the likelihood
of criminal Charges and to ascertain the vic-
tims' views on the possible details of a plea
bargain." Id. at 394.
In spite of this binding decision from the
Fifth Circuit, crime victims' advocates have
reported to me that the Justice Department
is still proceeding in the Fifth Circuit and
elsewhere on the assumption that it has no
obligations to treat victims fairly or to con-
fer with them until after charges are for-
mally filed. Given the Fifth Circuit's Dean
decision, this position appears to plea the
Department in violation of a binding court
ruling that extends rights to thousands of
crime victims in Louisiana. Mississippi. and
Texas. And more generally. the Depart-
ment's position simply has no grounding in
the clear language of the CVRA.
My first question: What Is the Justice De.
partment doing to extend to victims their
right to fair treatment and their right to
confer with prosecutors when the Justice De.
partment Is negotiating pre-indictment plea
agreements and non-prosecution agreements
with defense attorneys. Including negotia-
tions within the Fifth Circuit?
CRIME VICTIMS' !UMW TO APPELLATE
FROTECrION
Protection of crime victims rights In ap-
pellate courts is an important part of the
CVRA. As you know. when Congress passed
the CVRA. the federal courts of appeals had
reccembred that crime victims could take or-
dinary appeals to protect their rights. See.
e.g., Doe v. United Slates. 666 F.2d 43. 46 14th
Cir. 1981) (rape victim allowed to appeal dis-
trict court's adverse 'rape shield statute"
ruling): United Stales
Ilona. 77 F.3d 66 ford
Cir. 1996) (victim allowed to appeal adverse
restitution decision). Congress sought to
leave these protections in place. while ex-
panding them to ensure that crime victims
could obtain quick vindication of their
rights In appellate courts by providing—in
3771(d)(3)—that "fig the district court de-
nies the relief sought, the (victim) may peti-
tion the court of appeals for a writ of man•
damus." 18 U.S.C. $3771(d)(3i. Ordinarily.
whether mandamus relief should issue is dis-
cretionary. The plain language of the CVRA.
however, specifically and clearly overruled
such discretionary mandamus standards by
directing that - (t)he court of appeals shalt
take ny and deride such application forthwith
. . . ." Is U.S.C. 43771(c1X3) (emphasis added).
As I explained when the Senate Considered
the CVRA:
[Wihile mandamus is generally discre-
tionary. this provision 116 U.B.C. 13711(d)(3))
means that courts matt review these cases.
Appellate review of denials of victims' rights
is lust as Important as the initial assertion
Of a victim's right. This provision ensures re-
view and encourages courts to broadly defend
the victims' rights.
ISO CONG. Rico. 84210 (Apr. 22. 2004) (state-
ment of Sen. Kyl) (emphases added). Simi-
larly. the CVRA's cosponsor with mo. Sen-
ator Feinstein. stated that the Act would
create '-a new use of a very old procedure.
the writ of mandamus. This provision will
establish a procedure where a crime victim
can, in essence. Immediately appeal a denial
of their rights by a trial court to the court
of appeals." 160 °ONO. Rae. 54252 (statement
of Sen. Feinstein) (emphases added): see also
id. (statement of Sen. Kyl) (crime victims
must "be able to have
the appellate
courts take the appeal and order relief). In
short. the legislative history shows that
13771(d)(3) was intended to allow crime vic-
tims to take accelerated appeals from dis-
trict court decisions denying their rights and
have their appeals reviewed under ordinary
standards of appellate review.
In spite of that unequivocal legislative his-
tory, the Justice Department has in past
cases asserted a contrary Positron- In in re
Antrobvs, 619 F.3d 1123 (10th Cir. 2008). Ken
and Sue Antrobus sought to obtain appellate
review of a ruling by a trial court that they
could not deliver a victim impact statement
at the sentencing of the man who sold the
murder weapon used to kill their daughter.
The Tenth Circuit ruled against them on the
basis that the Antrobuses were not entitled
to regular appellate review, but only discre-
tionary mandamus review. See id. at 1124-25.
The Tenth Circuit did nut consider the legis-
lative history in reaching this conclusion.
leading the Antrobuses to Me petitions for
rehearing and rehearing en banc—petitions
that recounted this legislative history. In re-
sponse. the Justice Department asked the
Tenth Circuit to deny the victims' petitions.
Remarkably. the Justice Department told
the Tenth Circuit that it could Ignore the
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legislative history because the CVRA "is un-
ambiguous." Response of the United States,
In re Antrobus. No. 08-4032, at 12 n.7 (10th Cir.
Feb. 12, 2IX(I).
At the time that the Justice Department
filed this brief. no Court of Appeals agreed
with the Tenth Circuit. At the time, three
other Circuits had all issued unanimous rul-
ings that crime victims were entitled to reg-
ular appellate review. See In re W.R. Huff
Asset Mow. Co.. 409 Fad 565, 512 (2d Cir. 2005):
Kenna v. US. Dui. Ct. for the Cent. Dist. of Ca..
436 5' al loll, 1017 (9th Cir. 2036): In re Walsh.
229 Fed.Appx. 58. at 60 (3rd Cir. 2007).
My next question for you is. given that the
Justice Department has an obligation to use
its "beet efforts." 18 U.S.C. 3771(c)(1). to af-
ford crime victims their rights, how could
the Department argue in Antrobus (and later
casein that the CVRA - unambiguously' do-
med crime victims regular appellate protec-
tions of their rights when three circuits had
reached the opposite conclusion?
00vERNMENT15 RIGHT TO ASSERT ERROR
DENIAL Or viCTI34.5* RIGHTS
To further bolster protection of crime vic-
tims' rights. Congress also Included an addi-
tional provision in the CVRA-13771(dx4)—
allowing the Justice Department to obtain
review of crime victims' rights issues in ap-
peals sled by defendant.: "In any appeal in
a criminal case, the Government may assert
as error the district court's denial of any
crime victim's right in the proceeding to
which
the
appeal
relates."
15
U.S.C.
.3771(d)(4). The intent underlying this provi-
sion was to supplement the crime victims'
appeal provision found in $2771(d)($) by per-
mitting the Department to also help develop
a body of Glee law expanding crime victims'
rights in the many defense appeals that are
sled. It was not intended to In any way nar-
row crime victims' rights CO Seek relief
under I 3771(dX3). Nor was it intended to bar
crime victims from asserting other remedies.
For instance. It was not intended to block
crime victims from taking an ordinary ap-
peal from an adverse decision affecting their
rights (such as a decision denying restitu-
tion) under 28 U.S.C. $1291. Crime victims
had been allowed to take such appeals In var-
ious circuits even before the passage of the
CVRA. See. e.g.. United States v. Kona. 77
F 3d 05 (3rd Cir. 1996) (crime victim allowed
to appeal restitution ruling); United States v.
Pant. 360 F.3d 519 (6th Cir. 2000 (crime vic-
tims allowed to appeal restitution lien
issue): Doe r. United States. 666 F.2d C. 46 (4th
Cir. 1981) (crime victim allowed to appeal
rape shield ruling).
As I explained at the time the CVRA was
under consideration. this provision supple-
mented
those pre-existing decisions by
"elledefingl the Government to assert a vic-
tim's right on appeal even when it is the de-
fendant who seeks appeal of his or her con-
viction. This ensures that victims' rights are
protected throughout the criminal Justice
process and that they do not fall by the way-
side during what can often be an extended
appeal that the victim is not a party to." 150
Ccero. Rec. 54270 (Apr. 12. 2)04) (statement of
Sen. Kyl).
I have heard from crime victims' advocates
th►t the Department has not been actively
enforcing this provision. Indeed. these advo-
cates tell me that they are unaware of even
a single case where the Department has used
this supplemental remedy. My final goes-
Lien: IS It true that the Department has
never need this provision in even a single
case in the more than six year* since the
CVRA was enacted?
Sincerely,
JON Rn.,
US. Senator.
Mr. BENNET. Mr. President, it is
with a heavy heart that I rise today to
honor the life and heroic service of
SGT Vorasack T. Xaysana. Sergeant
Xaysana, assigned to the Headquarters
and Headquarters Company, 2nd Bat-
talion. based in Fort Hood, TX. died on
April 10, 2011. Sergeant Xaysana was
serving in support of Operation New
Dawn in Kirkuk, Iraq. He was 30 years
old.
A native of Westminster, CO. Ser-
geant Xaysana enlisted in the Army in
2006. During over 6 years of service. ho
distinguished himself through his cour-
age and dedication to duty. Sergeant
Xaysana's exemplary service quickly
won the recognition of his commanding
officers. He earned, among other deco-
rations. the Iraq Campaign Medal, the
Global
War
on Terrorism
Service
Medal, and the Army Good Conduct
Medal.
Sergeant Xaysana worked on the
front lines of battle, serving in the
most dangerous areas of Iraq. Mark
Twain once said, "The fear of death fol-
lows from the fear of life. A man who
lives fully is prepared to die at any
time." Sergeant Xaysana's service was
in keeping with this sentiment—by
selflessly putting country first, he
lived life to the fullest. He lived with a
sense of the highest honorable purpose.
At substantial personal risk, he
braved the chaos of combat zones
throughout Iraq. Though his fate on
the
battlefield
was
uncertain,
he
pushed forward, protecting America's
citizens, her safety. and the freedoms
we hold dear. For his service and the
lives ho touched, Sergeant 'Weans.
will forever be remembered as one of
our country's bravest.
To
Sergeant
Xaysana's
Parente.
Thong Chanh and Manithip. and to his
entire family. I cannot imagine the
sorrow you must be feeling. I hope
that, in time, the pain of your loss will
be eased by your pride in Vorasaok's
service and by your knowledge that his
country will never forget him. Wo are
humbled by his service and his sac-
rifice.
Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President. I rise
today to submit for the RECORD an ar-
ticle written by Karen Budd-Falen and
published May 2a. 2011. in the Wyoming
Livestock Journal. The article's title le
"Leveling the Playing Field: Support
for the Grazing Improvement Act of
2011."
The title of the article is instructive.
Anyone living and working in rural
communities knows the playing field Is
not level. The National Environmental
Policy Act has become the preferred
tool to delay and litigate grazing per-
mit renewals for American ranchers.
Livestock grazing on public lands has
a strong tradition in Wyoming and all
Western States. Ranchers are proud
stewards of the land. yet the permit-
ting process to renew their permits is
severely backlogged due to litigation
aimed at eliminating livestock from
public land.
During times of high unemployment
and increasing food prices• we need to
be encouraging Jobs in rural economies.
We need to be fostering an environ-
ment to raise more high quality, safe,
American beef and lamb: not litigating
less.
That is why I introduced the Grazing
Improvement Act of 2011. This legisla-
tion will provide the certainty and sta-
bility public grazing permit holders
desperately need in order to continue
supporting
rural
jobs,
providing
healthy food. and maintaining open
spaces for recreation and wildlife.
It is time to help level the playing
field for hard working ranching fami-
lies across the West. Their livelihood
should not be held hostage by litiga-
tion and anti-grazing special interest
groups. I thank my colleagues. Son.
store Ear,
CRAP°. HATCH, HELLER.
Risen, and TRUNK. in supporting ranch-
ing families and this legislation.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the Recces the
article to which I referred.
There being no objection, the mate-
rial was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
[From the Wyoming Livestock Roundup.
May 29, 20111
Litvaisci Tlm PIATINO YIELD: SUPPORT FOR
THE GRAZING DIPROVEGIIMT ACT OF 2011
(By Karen Budd-Falen)
If yobs and the economy are the number
one concern for America. why are rural own.
InUnItles and ranchers under attack by rad-
ical environmental groups and overzealous
federal regulators?
America depends upon the hundreds of
products that livestock provide, yet radical
groups and oppressive regulations make it
almost impossible for ranchers to stay in
business. Opposition to these Jobs comes in
the form of litigation by radical environ-
mental groups to eliminate grazing on public
lands, radical environmental group pressure
to force "voluntary" grazing permit buy-
outs from •willing sellers," and holding Der-
mal..a hostage to the court deference given
to regulatory "experts." The playing field is
Dot level and the rancher is on the losing
side. The Greaten Improvement Act of 2011
will level the gaging field. I urge your sup-
port.
The Grazing Improvement Act of 2011 does
the following:
1. Term of Grating Leases and Permits.
Both BLM and Forest Service term grazing
permits are for a 10-year term. This bill ex-
tends that term to 20 years. This extension
does Dot affect either the BLit& or Forest
Service's ability to make Interim manage.
merit decisions based upon resource or other
needs, nor does it impact the preference
right of renewal for term grating permits or
leases.
2. Renewal, Transfer and Reissuance of
Grazing leases and Permits. This section
codifies the various "appropriation riders"
for the BLM and Forest Service requiring
that permits being reissued. renewed or
transferred continue to follow the existing
terms and conditions until the paperwork is
complete. Thus, the rancher is not held hos-
tage to the ability of the agency to get its
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