From: Frank Boosman

From: Frank Boosman To: Joi Ito <MI >, Epstein Jeffrey [email protected]> Cc: Rett Crocker cta> Subject: udu Business Summary Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2013 21:07:46 +0000 Attachments: 2013-07-14_udu_Business_Overview.pdf Joi, Jeffrey, Attached please find a copy of our current draft business summary. We look forward to your questions and comments. As I was preparing to send this, and thinking about our conversation on Friday, I recalled some thoughts of mine I wrote down a few months ago, contrasting what our industry currently thinks of as "software ecosystems" with actual biological ecosystems. I thought you might find what I wrote to be interesting. What we typically refer to as software ecosystems -- personal computer software markets, mobile device app stores, and the like -- bear little relation to the real thing: Natural ecosystems Software ecosystems Levels / layers Many levels of organisms, from viruses to apex predators Typically single-level Diversity Highly diverse, with most or all phyla in every ecosystem Much less diverse, with all apps closely related Evolution Driven by natural selection Natural selection but highly vulnerable to top-down forces Control No central control of any kind Ranges from none to complete central control Vulnerability Heterogeneity reduces vulnerability to threats Homogeneity (within single ecosystems) increases vulnerability: analogue of a monoculture in agriculture, which are highly vulnerable to delta in the environment, parasites etc. Symbiosis Highly symbiotic Typically non-symbiotic due to inability to assume presence of other apps Of course, please take this with a grain of salt -- while my co-founders Rett and Richard have backgrounds in biology (molecular and ecosystem, respectively), I don't. But I think I'm at least on the right track. And I think that we at udu have a plan to build a software system that exhibits far more of the qualities of biological ecosystems -- and to harness these qualities to make the Internet more efficient. Best wishes, -- Frank EFTA00965278