FBI USAMRID Investigation

011621Anthrax Page 1 of 1446 o I 2792\-WF-222936-'-USAMRIID - \\OC o I [he followijg investigation was conducted by Special Agent (SA)_ _of the federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) on February 24, 2005: ? The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Keycard Access records from 1998 through 2002 were queried f r v' ? ? ? scientist nd visitin scient'st both ?rom the who have p eviously been identified as visiting USAMRIID circa May 1998. ;11 available records were searched for names containing ! I or or f all queries met with negative results. I I I As previously reported, Bruce Ivins was the USAMRIID Jandl I A query of all available point of contact fori s for 11 Ivins* 11 met with positive results. Records indicate ~~~~--~?ns showed?keycard activity during a date range of , 1998 through June 02, 2002. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011622Anthrax Page 2 of 1446 FD-3Q2 (Rev. 10-6-95) .. o < - o 1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 02/25/2005 ~----~=-~========~----~ On February 18, 2005 website: www.pubmed.com for ~ and an Internet author query on scientists, positive results. the following Sporicidal Infectious (WFO Note: Attached hereto and considered part of this document is a copy of the above-mentioned publication.) Briefl indicated have a are lication I epti tl ed ? ~~------------------------------~ Briefly, page three "Material and Methods" section indicated, 11 B. anthracis spores, Ames and Vollum 1B strains, were supplied by Bruce Ivins (US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USAMRIID], Fort Detrick, Frederick MD) ... Four (]ther strains of B. anthracis were orovided bv I I Briefly, page ten "Discussion" section indicated, "BCTP [the novel surfactant nanoemulsion] and its derivative BCTP 401 appear to have great potential as environmental decontamination agents of for treatment of exposed persons in either a military operation or terrorist attack." Investigation on --~~~-------- 02/25/2005 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\\o\ --!..-------;:==-----. N /A sAl I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. L..----...1 011623Anthrax Page 3 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion . ' -- The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999;180:1939-1949 (C) 1999 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 0022-1899/1999/18006-0024$02.00 AJ,L nlFORMATTCH>r CONTAINED o Page 1 of12 A Novel SurfactantNanoemulsion with Broad-Spectrum Sporicidal Activity against Bacillus Species Tarek Hamouda, 1 Michael M. Hayes, 1,.!! Zhengyi Cao, 1 Richard Tonda, 1 Kent Johnson/ D. Craig Wright,3 Joan Brisker,3 and James R. Baker, Jr. 1 1Centerfor Biologic Nanotechnology and Department oJMedicine, and 2Department ofPathology, University ofMichigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; 3NOVAVAX, Inc., Rockville, Maryland Received 10March 1999; revised 30June 1999; electronically published 12 November 1999. Two nontoxic, antimicrobial nanoemulsions, BCTP and BCTP 401, have been developed. These emulsions are composed of detergents and oils in 80% water. BCTP diluted up to 1 : 1000 inactivated >90% of Bacillus anthracis spores in 4 h and was also sporicidal against three other Bacillus species. This sporicidal activity is due to disruption of the spore coat after initiation of germination . without complete outgrowth. BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 1000 had greater activity th'an BCTP against Bacillus spores and had an onset of action of <30 min. Mixing BCTP or BCTP 401 with Bacillus cereus prior to subcutaneous injection in mice reduced the resulting skin lesion by 99%. Wound irrigation with BCTP 1 h aft~r spore inoculation yielded a 98% reduction in skin lesion size, and mortality was reduced 3-fold. These nanoemulsion formulas are stable, easily dispersed, nonirritant, and nontoxic compared with other available sporicidal agents. Presented in part: 98th general meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Atlanta, May 1998 (poster A49); 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, September 1998 (late-breaker slide session II, LB-9); 99th general meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Chicago, May 1999 (poster A300). The animal experiments were approved by and performed according to the guidelines of the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University ofMichigan. ? D.C.W. and J.B. are employees ofNOVAVAX, Inc., and have significantfmancialinterestin the company. NOVAVAX, Inc., is the supplier of the emulsions. J.RB., T.H., MM.H., IlC. W., and J.B. have a patent application entitled: Methods of inactivating bacteria including bacterial spores. Financial support: Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (contract MDA 972-1-007 of the Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures Program). i! Present affiliation: Pulmonary/Critical Care Unit-Internal Medicine, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. James R Baker, Jr., University of Michigan Medical School, 9220 MSRB-ill, 1150. W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0648 ([email protected]). http://www.j ournals:uchicago.edu/JID/j oumaVissues/v180n6/990281/990281.text.htrnl 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011624Anthrax Page 4 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activi_ty ofBCTP Nanoemulsion o o Page2 of12 Bacteria of the Bacillus genus form stable spores that are resistant to harsh conditions and extreme temperatures. Contamination of farmlands with Bacillus anthracis leads to a fatal disease in domestic, agricultural, and wild animals [1]. Human infection by B. anthracis usually results from contact with infected animals or infected animal products [2]. Human clinical symptoms include a pulmonary form that has a rapid onset and is frequently fatal. The gastrointestinal and cutaneous forms of anthrax, although less rapid, can also result in fatalities unless treated aggressively [~, fl. B. anthracis infection in humans is no longer common, because of effective animal control that includes vaccines, antibiotics, and appropriate disposal of infected livestock. However, animal anthrax still represents a significant problem because of contamination of farmland. Although a vaccine is available[~] and can be used for the prevention of anthrax, genetic mixing of different strains can render it ineffective [Q]. The potential consequences of the use of B. anthracis spores as a biologic weapon were demonstrated by the accidental release of B. anthracis from a military microbiology laboratory in the fonner Soviet Union. Seventy-seven cases of human anthrax, including 66 deaths, were attributed to the accident. Some infections occurred as far as 4 km from the laboratory [1]. Genetic analysis of infected persons revealed the presence of either multiple strains or genetically altered B. anthracis [~]. Other members of the Bacillus genus are also reported to be etiologic agents for many human diseases. B. cereus is a common pathogen. It is involved in foodbome diseases because its spores can survive cooking procedures. Local sepsis and wound and systemic infections have also been attributed to B. cereus [2]. Disinfectants and biocides (e.g., sodium hypochlorite, fonnaldehyde, and phenols) that are highly effective against Bacillus spores are not well suited for decontamination of the environment, equipment, or exposed persons because of toxicity that leads to tissue necrosis and severe pulmonary injury after inhalation of volatile fumes. The corrosive nature of these compounds also renders them unsuitable for decontamination of sensitive equipment [1Q-15]. Concerns about these issues have stimulated interest in new types of biocidal agents that can safely decontaminate Bacillus spores. We have investigated the sporicidal properties of two ~timicrobiallipid emulsions. Nanoemulsions are produced by mixing a lipid-oil "discontinuous" phase with an aqueous "continuous" phase under high shear forces. The result is an oil droplet of'"""400-800 I'm in diameter that is able to fuse with and subsequently disrupt the membrane of a variety of different pathogens [16]. BCTP is a nanoemulsion made of soybean oil, Triton X-1 00 detergent, and tri-n-butyl phosphate in 20% water. BCTP 401 is a mixture of this emulsion and a liposome, PlO. PlO is made of water, Tween 60, soybean oil, glycerol monooleate, refined soya sterols, and the cationic compound cetylpyridinium chloride. These two compounds have antimicrobial activity against enveloped viruses and bacteria through membrane disruption (unpublished data). In the current studies, we examined the ability of these emulsions to inactivate different Bacillus spores. ? Materials and Methods http://www.j ournals.uchicago.edu/JID/j ournallissues/v180n6/990281/990281.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011625Anthrax Page 5 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion o o Surfactant lipid preparations. BCTP is a water-in-oil nanoemulsion, in which the oil phase is made from soybean oil, tri-n-butyl phosphate, and Triton X-100. Stock solutions contained 80% lipid components and 20% water. Three different preparations ofBCTP, 2, 8, and 16 months old, were tested for their stability. BCTP 401 was prepared by mixing equal volumes ofBCTP with P10, the latter being a liposome-like compound. P1 0 is made of glycerol monosterate, refined soya sterols, Tween 60, soybean oil, a cationic ion halogen-containing cetylpyridinium chloride, and peppermint oil. The average size of these nanoemulsions is in the range of 400-800 nm, as determined by laser light scatter (LS230; Coulter, Hialeah, FL). These surfactant lipid preparations were stable after boiling for 1 h or exposure to 1 N nitric acid or 1 N sodium hydroxide for 2 h. This treatment resulted in a <20% reduction in the emulsion mean particle size [1?]. These solutions were stored at room temperature and were diluted before each experiment to the working dilution. All dilutions herein are in reference to the stock solution. Spore preparation. For induction of spore formation, B. cereus (ATCC 14579), B. circulans (ATCC 4513),B. megaterium (ATCC 14581), and B. subtilis (ATCC 11774) were grown for 1 week at 37?C on nutrient agar with 0.1% yeast extract and 5 mg/L MnSO4. The plates were scraped, and the bacteria and spores were suspended in sterile 50% ethanol and incubated at 22?C for 2 h with agitation to lyse the remaining vegetative bacteria. The suspension was centrifuged at 2500 g for 20 min, and the pellet was washed twice in cold distilled water. The spore pellet was resuspended in trypticase soy broth (TSB) and used immediately for experiments. B. anthracis spores, Ames and Vollum 1B strains, were supplied by Bruce Ivins (US Atmy Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USAMRIID], Fort Detrick, Frederick, IviD) and were prepared as described elsewhere[~]. Four other strains of B. anthracis were provided by Martin Hugh-Jones.(Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge). These strains (from South Africa; Mozambique; Bison, Canada; and Del Rio, TX) represent isolates with high allelic dissimilarity. o Page3 of12 In vitro sporicidal assays. For assessment of sporicidal activity on solid medium, trypticase soy agar (TSA) was autoclaved and cooled to 55?C. BCTP was added to the TSA at a 1: 100 final dilution and continuously stirred while the plates were poured. The spore preparations were serially diluted (10fold), and 10-I'L aliquots were plated in duplicate (highest inoculum, 105 spores/plate). Plates were incubated for 48 h aerobically at 37?C and evaluated for growth. For assessment of sporicidal activity in liquid medium, spores were resuspended in TSB. Next, 1 mL of spqre suspension containing 2 x 106 spores (final concentration, 106 spores/mL) was mixed with 1 mL ofBCTP or BCTP 401 (at 2x final concentration in distilled water) in a test tube. The tubes were incubated in a tube rotator at 37?C for 4 h. Treatment of B. anthracis was done at 37?C, which promotes spore germination, and at 22?C, which does not promote spore germination [~]. After treatment, the suspensions were diluted 10-fold in distilled water. Duplicate aliquots from each dilution were then streaked on TSA and incubated overnight at 37?C; then colonies were counted. Sporicidal activity expressed as percentage ofkillingwas calculated as follows: {[cfu(initial)- cfu(posttreatment)]/[cfu (initial)]} x 100. Th~ experiments were repeated at least 3 times, and the mean and SE of the percentage of killing 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf http://www.j ournals.uchicago.edulllD/j oumallissues/v180n6/990281/99028l.text.html 011626Anthrax Page 6 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion were calculated by use of StatView sofb.Yare (Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA). Analysis of variance tables and paired t test were used when applicable. o o Page4 of12 Electron microscopy. B. cereus spores were treated with BCTP at a final dilution of 1 : 100 in TSB by means ofErlenmeyer flasks in a 37?C shaker incubator. The spore-BCTP mixture was washed with saline and centrifuged at 2500 g for 20 min, and the supematanfwas discarded. The pellet was fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M_ cacodylate (pH 7.3). Spore pellets were processed for transmission electron microscopy, and thin sections were examined after staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Germination inhibitors or enhancers. B. cereus spores (fmal concentration, 106 spores/mL) were suspended in TSB with either the germination iphibitor D-alanine (final concentration, 10 mA1) or the germination enhancerL-alanine (final concentration, 5 mM) [17-12]. This suspension was then immediately mixed with BCTP (final dilution, 1 : 100) and incubated for variable intervals. Then the mixtures were serially diluted, plated, and incubated overnight. The next day, growth on the plates was counted, and the percentage of sporicidal activity was calculated. In vivo toxicity testing. Mice wer.e exposed to various concentrations of the different emulsions by means of different routes of administration. The highest concentrations that produced no gross or histopathologic lesions in mice were reported. Exposures included subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of 100 IlL, open wound irrigation with 2 mL of the emulsions, and intranasal instillation of25 IlL/naris. The emulsions are relatively viscous when no~ diluted, so toxicity testing in the nares was conducted at the highest concentration that would not suffocate the animals. Three to four mice were tested for each concentration of each compound, and the experiments were repeated on ~t least three occasions. In vivo sporicidal activity. Two animal models were developed to confirm the sporicidal activity of the emulsions in vivo. In the first model, B. cereus spores (suspended in sterile saline) were mixed with an equal volume ofBCTP to a final emulsion dilution of 1 : 10. As a control, the same B. cereus spore suspension was mixed with an equal volume of sterile saline. Next, 100 IlL of each of the suspensions, containing 4 x 107 spores, was then immediately injected subcutaneously into CD-1 mice. Nine mice were inoculated in each group, and the experiment was repeated on three different occasions. . In the second model, a simulated wound was created by making an incision in the skin on the back of the mice. The skin was separated from the underlying muscle by_ blunt dissection. The pocket was inoculated with 200 IlL of saline containing 2.5 x 107 spores and closed by use of wound clips. One hour later, the clips were removed, and the wound was irrigated either with 2 mL of sterile saline or with 2 mL ofBCTP (1 : 10 in sterile saline). The wounds were then closed with wound clips. The animals were observed for clinical signs. Gross and histopathologic examination were done when the animals were euthanized 5 days later. The wound size was calculated by the following formula: 2 a x 2 b x ?r, where 1 1 a and b?are two perpendicular diameters of the wound. Five mice were used in each group, and the experiment was repeated on three different occasions. Both sets of animal studies were also conducted with BCTP 401 at identical dilutions. http:f/www.j oumals.uchicago.edu/JID/j oumallissues/v180n6/990281/99028l.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011627Anthrax Page 7 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion ' . ~ PageS of12 ~ Results In vitro sporicidal activity. To assess the sporicidal activity ofBCTP, spores from four species of Bacillus genus (B. cereus, B. circulans, B. megaterium, and B. subtilis) were tested. BCTP at a 1 : 100 dilution showed 97% sporicidal activity against B. cereus and B. megaterium in4 h (figure 1). B. circulans was less sensitive to BCTP, showing only an 83% reduction in spore count, whereas B. subtilis appeared ~esistant to BCTP in 4 h. The other nanoemulsion, BCTP 401, was more efficient in killing the Bacillus spores. At a 1 : 1000 ~ilution, it showed 99% killing of B. cereus spores in 4 h (compared with SO% with a 1 : 1000 dilution ofBCTP). BCTP 401 at a 1 : 1000 dilution resulted in 96% killing of B. subtilis spores in4 h, in contrast to its resistancetoBCTP. Bleach diluted 1 : 100 (i.e., O.OS2S% sodium hypochlorite) showed 98% sporicidal activity against B. cereus in 4 h. There was no significant difference in sporicidal activity against B. cereus between BCTP diluted 1 : 100, BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 1000, and bleach diluted 1 : 100 (P = .23). Figure 1. Sporicidal activity ofBCTP against 4 different Bacillus species compared with that of BCTP 401 against 2 Bacillus species. BCTP showed significant sporicidal activity after 4 h of treatment against Bacillus cereus, B. circulans, and B. megaterium spores but not against B. subtilis spores. BCTP 401 showed more effective killing against B. cereus in 4 hand also had sporicidal activity against B. subtilis that was resistant to BCTP. Bleach diluted 1 : 100 was used as positive control and was comparable to BCTP or BCTP 401 at same dilutions. Testing the stability ofBCTP. Three different preparations ofBCTP, stored for 2, 8, and 16 months at room temperature, were evaluated simultaneously for sporicidal activity against B. cereus spores to determine the stability of the emulsions. BCTP was diluted 1: 10 and 1: 100 for the experiments(~ 2), and there was no significant difference in the sporicidal activity of the preparations (P = .94 and .77). Figure 2. Comparison of sporicidal activity of 3 different preparations of BCTP aged 2, 8, and 16 months. Preparations have equivalent sporicidal activity, showing that BCTP is stable for up to 16 months. ! ? .,, : ; ~?; B. cereus sporicidal time course. An 8-h experiment was done to analyze the time course of the sporicidal activity ofBCTP (diluted 1 : 100) and BCTP 401 (diluted 1 : 1000) against B. cereus. Incubation of a 1 : 100 dilution ofBCTP with B. cereus spores resulted in a 77% reduction in the number of viable spores at 1 hand a 9S% reduction after 4 h. Again, BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 1000 was more effective than BCTP diluted 1 : 100 and resulted in an ~S% reduction in count in 30 min (~). The improve~ent in killing between BCTP 401 diluted 1: 1000 and ~CTP diluted 1 : 100 was statistically significant up to the 4-h time point (P <.OS). http://www.j oumals.uchicago.edu/JID/j ournallissues/v180n6/990281/990281.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011628Anthrax Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion '. . o Page 8 of 1446 .... ' .. L i i I Figure 3. Time course of nanoemulsion sporicidal activity against Bacillus cereus. Incubation with BCTP diluted 1 : 100 resulted in 95% killing in 4 h. Incubation with BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 1000 resulted in 95% killing in o~y 30 min. Difference in killing between BCTP diluted 1 : 100 and BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 1000 up to 4-h point was significant (P < .05). o Page6 of12 Sporicidal activity ofBCTP against B. anthracis. After initial in vitro experiments, the sporicidal activity ofBCTP was tested against two virulent strains ofB. anthracis (Ames and Vollum 1B). We found thatBCTP at a 1 : 100 final dilution incorporated into growth medium completely inhibited the growth of 1 x 105 B. anthracis spores. Sporicidal assays in fluid media, after 4 h of incubation with BCTP at dilutions up to 1 : 1000 with either the Ames or the Vollum 1B spores, resulted in 91% sporicidal activity when the mixtures were incubated at 22?C and 96% sporicidal activity when the mixtures were incubated at 37?C (table 1). ..... ' ' ?.r '" ,, ~ ~ "' ~., """; '... . .~ J~ o .. t ?~? ooo :>,., -"' ;. - Table 1. Sporicidal activity ofBCTP against 2 different strains of Bacillus anthracis spores as determined by colony reduction assay (% killing). Sporicidal activity ofBCTP 401 against B. anthracis. Be<;:ause BCTP 401 was effective at higher dilutions and against more species of Bacillus spores than BCTP, it was tested against 4 different strains of B. anthracis at dilutions of up to 1 : 10,000 at 22?C to prevent germination. BCTP 401 showed peak sporicidal activity between """l: 1000 and ......1 : 5000 dilutions (table 2). It was less efficient at concentrations >1 : 100. Table 2. . Sporicidal activity ofBCTP 401 against 4 different strains of Bacillus anthracis representing different clinical isolates. . o ' o :::- l< .. -'i.,-~~ .- .1 :;.:o '"'- ~ ~ " o "~ ?~:,;:~~ ~' ??~~"~~~L~~~~~? .:::_~~; ~ ~ ... 1>1 ... ..; '- Electron microscopic examination ofthe spores. We used B. cereus because it is the most closely related to B. anthracis. Transmissi.on electron microscopic examination of B. cereus spores treated with BCTP diluted 1 : 100 in TSB for 4 h revealed physical damage to the B. cereus spores, including extensive disruption of the spore coat and cortex with distortion and loss of density in the core (~). Figure 4. Electron micrographs of Bacillus cereus spores before (top) and after (bottom) treatment with BCTP. Note uniform density in cortex and well-defmed spore coat before treatment with BCTP. Spores after 4 h of BCTP treatment show disruption in both spore coat and cortex, with loss of core components. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JID/journal/issues/v180n6/990281/990281.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011629Anthrax Page 9 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion o o Page7 of12 Germination stimulation and inhibition. To investigate the effect of initiation of germination on the sporicidal effect ofBCTP on Bacillus spores, the germination inhibitor, D-alanine [17, 18], and germination enhancer, L-alanine [19, 2Q], were incubated with the spores and BCTP for up to 1 h. Percentage of killing was calculated at different time points. The sporicidal effect of BCTP was delayed in the presence of 10 mMD-alanine and accelerated in the presence of 5 mML-alanine (~). All of the individual time points showed a significant difference in killing between the three treatments (P <.002). Figure 5. Effect of germination inhibition and stimulation on sporicidal activity ofBCTP diluted 1 : 100 against Bacillus cereus spores. Sporicidal activity of BCTP was delayed in presence of 10 mM n-alanine (germination inhibitor) and accelerated in presence of 5 rpM L-alanine (germination enhancer). All time points show significant difference between 3 treatments (P < .002). ! . In vivo toxicity testing. CD-I mice injected with BCTP diluted 1 : 10 in saline did not exhibit signs of distress or inflammatory reaction, either grossly or histologically (figure 6A, 6B). Identical results were obtained when the toxicity ofBCTP 401 was tested in mice subcutaneously. Intramuscular injection of the BCTP or BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 10 did not have any toxic effects in the form of inflammatory reaction, edema, or necrosis in mice. Open wound irrigation with 2 mL of the emulsions did not result in any pathologic damage. Intranasal instillation of the emulsion was less tolerable because of its viscosity; however, there was no injury from BCTP diluted 1 : 50 and BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 25. Oral administration of 10% BCTP (4 mL/k:g of body weight daily) in rats for 1 week did not result in any gross or pathologic changes, and the rats maintained normal weight gain during this period (data not shown). In these tests, pathologic?examination oflocal tissues and internal organs was done, and no abnormalities were detected. Figure 6. Gross and histologic photographs of animals injected subcutaneously with different combinations ofBCTP and Bacillus cereus spores. A, B, animals injected withBCTP alone at dilution of 1 ; 10. There was no gross tissue damage, and histology showed no inflammation. C, D, animals injected with 4 x 107 B. cereus spores alone subcutaneously. Large necrotic area resulted, with average area of 1.68 ? 0.35 cm2. Histologic examination of this area showed essentially complete tissue necrosis of epidermis and dermis, including subcutaneous fat and muscle. E, F, mice injected with 4 x 107 Bacillus spores that had been immediately premixed http://www.j ournals.uchicago.edu!JID/joumaVissues/v 180n6/990281/990281.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011630Anthrax Page 10 of 1446 ,Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion withBCTP nanoemulsion at fmal dilution of 1 : 10. These animals showed minimal skin lesions, with average area of 0.02 ? 0.01 cm.2 ("""'98% reduction from lesions resulting from untreated infection with spores; P < .002). Histology ofF indicated some inflammation; however, most cellular structures in epidermis and dermis were intact All histopathology is shown at x4 magnification. o o Page 8 of 12 In vivo sporicidal activity. B. cereus infection in experimental animals had been previously used as a model system for the study of anthrax and causes an illness similar to experimental anthrax [2., .2, 21 -24]. Two animal models of cutaneous B. cereus disease were developed to assess the in vivo sporicidal activity ofBCTP. A suspension of 4 X 107 B. cereus spores was mixed with saline or with BCTP at a final dilution of 1 : 10 and then immediately injected subcutaneously into the backs of CD-1 mice. Mice that were infected subcutaneously with B. cereus spores without BCTP developed severe edema in 6-8 h. This was followed by a gray, necrotic area surrounding the injection site at 18-24 h, with severe sloughing of the skin present by 48 h, leaving a dry, re,d-colored lesion (figure 6C, 6D). CD-1 mice injected with B. cereus spores premixed with BCTP never developed such a necrotic lesion, and edema and inflammation were minimal (figure 6E, 6E). The size of the necrotic lesion in BCTP-treated mice was ""'98% smaller than the necrotic lesion size in untreated mice (from 1.62 ? 0.35 cm2 to 0.02 ? 0.01 cm2; P < .002). Similar results were observed with BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 10. In additional studies, a 1-cm skin wound was infected with 2.5 x 107 B. cereus spores and then closed (figure 7A, 7B). For some of the animals 1 h later, the wounds were irrigated with either BCTP diluted 1 : 10 or saline to simulate postexposure decontamination. Irrigation of experimentally infected wounds with saline did not result in any apparent benefit (figure 7C, 7D). BCTP irrigation of wounds infected with B. cereus spores showed substantial benefit, resulting in a consistent 98% reduction in the lesion size (from 4.84 ? 0.48 cm2 to 0.06 ? 0.03 cm2; P < .001; figure 7E, 7E). This reduction in lesion size was accompanied by a 3-fold reduction in mortality (from 60% to 20%) compared with that in experimental animals receiving either no treatment or saline irrigation. Similar results were observed with BCTP 401 diluted 1: 10. Figure 7. Gross and histologic photographs of animals with experimental wounds infected with Bacillus cereus spores. A, B, mice with experimental wounds infected with 2.5 x 107 B. cereus spores but not treated. Histologic examination indicated extensive necrosis and marked inflammatoxy response. C, D, mice with wounds that were infected with 2.5 x 107 B. cereus spores and inigated 1 h later with saline. By 48 h,large necrotic areas surrounded wounds, with average area of 4.86 ? 0.48 cm.2o In addition, 60% of animals in this group died as result of infection. Histologic examination of these lesions indicated total necrosis of dermis and s'ubdermis and large numbers of vegetative Bacillus organisms. E, F, mice with wounds infected with 2.5 x 107 B. cereus spores and inigated 1 hlaterwith 1: 10 dilutionofBCTP. There w~re small areas of necrosis adjacent to wounds (0.06 ? 0.03 cm2), 98% reduction compared with animals receiving spores and saline irrigation (P < .001). In addition, only 20% of animals died from these wounds. Histologic examination of these lesions showed no evidence of vegetative Bacillus organisms and minimal disruption of epidermis. All histopathology is shown at x4 magnification. http://www.j ournals.uchicago.edu/JID/j ournallissues/v180n6/990281/990281.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011631Anthrax Page 11 of 1446 . Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion Discussion o o Page9 of12 In these studies, we demonstrated that BCTP and its derivative BCTP 401 have effective sporicidal activity against a variety of Bacillus spores, including B. anthracis. BCTP diluted 1 : 100 has a sporicidal activity against B. cereus, B. circulans, and B. megaterium, wherea~ 1 : 1000 is effective against B. anthracis in 4 h. BCTP 401, aBCTP-PlO mixture, appears to have a more rapid and :broader sporicidal activity than BCTP. BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 1000 killed 95% of B. cereus spores in 30 min at 37?C, compared with a 70% reduction achieved by BCTP diluted 1: 100. BCTP 401 diluted 1: 1000 was also effective in 4 h against B. subtilis spores that were resistant to BCTP for up to 24 h. BCTP 401 did not show effective sporicidal activity against B. anthracis at dilutions of <I : 100, contrary to the . original BCTP, which showed killing at dilutions between 1 : 10 and 1 : 1000. The fact that BCTP 401 requires dilution to be effective againstB. anthracis spores suggests thatBCTP 401 needs dispersion by water to minimize its aggregation and to facilitate direct contact with spores. Comparison of the sporicidal actiVity ofBCTP against B. anthracis at 22?C, a temperature that does not promote spore gennination, and at 37?C, at which germination occurs (as confirmed by microscopic examination), indicates that complete spore germination (i.e., outgrowth) is not necessary for the bactericidal activity of the emulsion. The small difference observed between the sporicidal activity at 37? C and 22?C may represent the killing of additional organisms from a few germinating spores. Sporicidal activity was also confirmed in water, a condition unsuitable for B. anthracis spore germination (data not shown). The sporicidal effect seems to start almost immediately and occurs within 30 min of incubation with the emulsion. Factors facilitatiug germination resulted in acceleration of the sporicidal activity of BCTP. Inhibition of the initiation ofgennination withD-alanine delayedBCTP's sporicidal activity. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that the sporicidal action of these emulsions occurs through initiation of germination before complete reversion to the vegetative form, leaving the spore susceptible to disruption by the emulsion. The initiation of germination could be .mediated by the action of the emulsion or its components, but the emulsion appears necessary, as spores qo not initiate germination in its absence. The results of the electron microscopy studies show disruption of the spore coat and cortex with disintegration of the core contents after BCTP treatment. However, the exact mechanism of killing is unclear and requires future investigation. Sporicidal activity appears to be mediated by both the Triton X-1 00 and tri-n-butyl phosphate components, because nanoemulsions lacking either component are inactive in vitro (data not shown). This unique sporicidal action of the emulsions, which is similar in efficiency to that of 1% bleach, is interesting because Bacillus spores are generally resistant to most disinfectants, including many commonly used detergents [15]. Animal studies demonstrated the protective and therapeutic effect ofBCTP in vivo. B. cereus infection in experimental animals has been used previously as a model system for the study of anthrax 111;., 22, 2ij. The disease induced in animals experimentally infected with B. cereus is in many respects similar to anthrax [2, 23]. In this study, we demonstrated that mixing BCTP with B. cereus spores before injecting the spores into mice prevented the pathologic effect of B. cereus. We also demonstrated that BCTP treatment of simulated wounds contaminated with B. cereus spores markedly reduced the risk of infection and mortality in mice. Because the emulsion appeared to lose sporicidal activity when diluted http ://www.j ournals.uchicago.edu/JID/j ournallissues/v180n6/990281/99028l.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011632Anthrax Page 12 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion past 1 : 100, higher concentrations ofthe emulsions (1 : 10) were used for the in vivo studies to make sure they remained effective after dilution with body fluids. Other experiments show that testing BCTP 401 in mice under similar conditions demonstrated similar effects. These results suggest that decontamination of spores prior to or after exposure can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality from B. cereus infection. This appeared to be a valuable application, because unlike other sporicidal agents, BCTP or BCTP 401 did not demonstrate any toxic effects, grossly or by histopathologic examination of the mice [22]. Other tests in mice showed that these emulsions are nontoxic if administered intramuscularly, intranasally, or orally, providing other potential sites for treatment. BCTP and its derivative BCTP 401 appear to have great potential as environmental decontamination agents or for treatment of exposed persons in either a military operation or a terrorist attack The inactivation of a broad range ofpathogens, including vegetative bacteria, enveloped viruses [27] (unpublished data), and bacterial spores, combined with low toxicity in experimental animals, seems to make it sJ,J.itable for use as a general decontamination agent that can be deployed even before a specific pathogen is identified. The nanoemulsions can be rapidly produced in large quantities and are stable for many months unless frozen, which causes separation of the oil and lipid phases. Undiluted, they have the texture of a semisolid cream and can be applied topically by hand or mixed with water. Diluted, they have a consistency and appearance similar to skim milk and can be sprayed to decontaminate surfaces or potentially interact with aerosolized spores before inhalation. These properties provide a flexibility that will be useful for a broad range of decontamination applications. Further studies are warranted to determine the exact mechanism of the sporicidal effect ofBCTP and its derivatives, and this may lead to further improvement in formulations. Acknowledgments o o Page 10 of 12 We thank Shaun ~? Jones, Jane Alex8:llder, and Lawrence DuBoise (Defense Science Office, Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) for their support; Bruce Ivins, Patricia Fellows, Mara Linscott, Arthur Friedlander, and the staffofUSAMRIID for their technical support and helpful suggestions in the performance of the initial anthrax studies; Martin Hugh-Jones, Kimothy Smith, and Pamala Coker for supplying the characterized B. anthracis strains and the space at Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge); Robin Kunkel (Department ofPathology, University of Michigan) for her help with electron microscopy preparations; and G. Morris and A. Shih for their technical assistance with manuscript preparation. References 1. Dragon DC, Rennie RP: The ecology of anthrax spores: tough but not invincible. Can Vet J 1995; 36:295-301. First citation in article I PubMed 2. Welkos SL, Keener TJ, Gibbs PH. Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 1986; 51:795-800. First citation in article IPubMed 3. Franz DR, J~ling PB, Friedlander AM, et al. Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents. JAMA 1997; 278:399-411. First citation in article IPubMed 4. Pile JC, Malone JD, Eitzen EM, Friedlander AM. Anthrax as a potential biological weapon. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:429-34. First citation in article I PubMed http://www.j oumals.uchicago.edu/JID/j oumal/issues/vl80n6/990281/99028l.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011633Anthrax Page 13 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion 5. Ivins B, Fellows P, Pitt L, et al. Experimental anthrax vaccines: efficacy of adjuvants combined with prQtective antigen against an aerosol Bacillus anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs. Vaccine 1995; 13: 1779-84.. First citation in article 1PubMed 6. Mobley JA. Biological warfar~ in the twentieth century: lessons from the P.ast, challenges for the future. Mil Med 1995; 160:547-53. First citation in article I PubMed 7. Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M, et al. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. Science 1994; 266:1202-8. First citation in article I PubMed 8. Jackson PJ, Hugh-Jones ME, Adair DM, et al. PCR analysis of tissue samples from the 1979 Sverdlovsk anthrax victims: the presence of multiple Bacillus anthracis strains in different victims. ProcNatl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:1224-9. First citation in article I PubMed 9. Drobniewski FA. Bacillus cereus and related species. Clin Microbiol Rev 1993; 6:324-38. First citation in article I PubMed 10. Alasri A, Valverde M, Roques C, Michel G. Sporicidal properties of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, alone? and in combination, in comparison with chlorine and formaldehyde for ultrafiltration membrane disinfection. Can J Miciobiol1993; 39:52-60. First citation in article IPubMed 11. Beauchamp RO Jr, St ClairMB, Fennell TR, Clarke DO, MorganKT. A critical review of the toxicology of glutaraldehyde. Crit Rev Toxicol1992; 22:143-74~ First citation in article I PubMed 12. Hess JA, Molinari JA, Gleason MJ, Radecki C. Epidermal toxicity of disinfectants. Am J Dent 1991; 4:51-6. First citation in article IPubMed 13. Lineaweaver W, Howard R, Soucy D, et al. Topical antimicrobial toxicity. Arch Surg 1985; 120:267-70. First citation in article I PubMed 14. Morgan KT. A brief review of formaldehyde carcinogenesis in relation to rat nasal pathology and . human health risk assessment. Toxicol Pathol1997; 25:291-307. First citation in article I PubMed 15. Russell AD. Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents. Clin Mic(obiol Rev 1990; 3:99-119.. First citation in article I PubMed 16. Wright DC. Antimicrobial oil-in-water emulsions. US patent no. 5,547,677; 1996. First citation in article 17. Titball RW, Manchee RJ. Factors affecting the germination of spores of Bacillus anthracis. J Appl Bacteriol1987; 62:269-73. First citation in article IPubMed 18 ..Foster SJ, Johnstone K. Pulling the trigger: the mechanism of bacterial spore germination. Mol Microb~ol1990; 4:137-41. First citation in article I PubMed 19. ShibataH, TakamatsuH, Tani I. Germination of inactivated spores of Bacillus cereus T. Effect of preincubation with L-alanine or inosine on the subsequent germination. Jpn J Microbiol1976; 20:529-35. First citation in article I PubMed 20. Preston RA. Douthit HA. Functional relationships between L-and D-alanine and NH4 Cl during germination of spores of Bacillus cereus T. J Gen Microbiol1988; 134:3001-10. First citation in article IPubMed 21. Burdon KL, Wende RD. On the differentiation of anthrax bacilli from Bacillus cereus. J Infect Dis 1960; 107:224-34. First citation in article 22. Burdon KL, Davis JS, Wende RD. Experimental infection of mice with Bacillus cereus: studies of pathogenesis and pathologic changes. J Infect Dis 1967;'117:307-16. First citation in article I PubMed 23. Fritz DL, Jaax NK, Lawrence WB, et al. Pathology of experimental anthrax in the rhesus monkey. Lab Invest 1995; 73:691-702. First citation in article I PubMed http://www.jo:urnals.uchicago.edu/JID/j ournallissues/v180n6/990281/990281.text.html 2118/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf oo o Page 11 of 12 011634Anthrax Page 14 of 1446 Hamouda et al., Sporicidal Activity ofBCTP Nanoemulsion 24. Welkos SL, Friedlander AM. Pathogenesis and genetic control of resistance to the Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis. Microb Pathog 1988; 4:53-69. First citation in article IPubMed 25. Lamanna C, Jones L. Lethality for mice of vegetative and spore forms of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus-like insect pathogens injected intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. J Bacterial 1963; 85:532-5. First citation in article 26. Cao Z, Tonda R, Morris G, Hamouda T, Johnson K, Baker JR Jr. Sporicidal effect of novel surfactant lipid on B. cereus [abstract C-300]. In: Proceedings of the 99th general meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (Chicago). Washington, DC: ASM, 1999. First citation in article 27. Chatlyyne LG, Brisker J, Wright DC. A lipid nanoemulsion with ~ffective viricidal activity against HIV-1 and other common viruses [abstract 351]. In: 3rd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections: program and abstracts (Washington, DC). Alexandria, VA: Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996:118. First citation in article o o Page 12 of12 http://www.joumals.uchicago.edu/JID/joumal/issues/vl80n6/990281/990281.text.html 2/18/2005 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011635Anthrax Page 15 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of tra.nscription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION HEREHJ IS U1JCLAS:HFIED DATE 12-12-2008 uc 03/22/2003 GRAND JURY MATERIAL - DISSEMI ATE PURSUANT TO RULE 6(e) On March 19, 2003, born with Social Securit Account was interviewed at place of employment, the Un~te States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (U.AMRIID), Fort Detrick, Mar land. The interview was conducted by Inspector in Charge (IIC) 1--------....-~ and Special Agents (SAs) I I and --all of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) . ul ? 1 I~ ....__ _ ____. provided the following information: I tz.,~A' 1 I ;0 1 I Investigation on 03/19/2003 b7C File# by '{79A-WF-222 SA SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011636Anthrax Page 16 of 1446 '' FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) "<< o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription b7C ~~----~--~~~------~--~~,ntervlew was con ucte y US Posta and Supervisory Special Agent (SSA)~~~--~~~~ of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Present for a portion of the interview was FBI Special Agent (SA) I I After being advised of. the identities of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview~ !provided the following information: Inspector (PI) is currentl ~~~~------~~~~~--~~~~~at the Un1ted States of Infectious Diseases. Detrick, Mar land hone number ~~--~----~--~~months of emplfymen~ at USAMRIID. prima~worked on projects with! workfd in ~---=------=-------~~~~~ suites during the suitel__jof Building! containment suites inl were complete. I and recalls wo~in gained access to the r----l lafte~.immunizations Building~~--------~lhas been in a walk-in cooler located 3n-the Investigation on I Ihas worked in rooms I I andll of 02/15-17/200~t Frederick, Maryland N/A b7C by. --~----------~--------------------------~-~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011637Anthrax Page 17 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) ~ o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - ;_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~---------oOn 02/15/2005 ,Page_-=2__ ~--~~--~--~lin this walk-in coo~er in ~obi or 2oo2. I floor I of Building! I storedr ~ racks 1 recalls the walk-in cooler was lined with shelves full o of samples from the aerosol challenge laboratories. b2 F D has also worked in theDsqite of Building~~-~ first entered this suite with I it~ gail experience working in a containment suit. assisted withl related to aerosol challenges.~c::J--~~h~a~s~ also worked in outside of the containment suit at the hoodline in the the recalled that.C:J once fr m to an airlock in Building~--~~~~~~~---------------L~~~------------~ has use One of helped with this in al I a ora ory in Building The mater1a resulting from the purification attempt was~eurned to~l--~----~~1 does not have access to Suitesc:Jo in Building! lbu~ may have been in the non-containmen ("cold") areas of those suites to pic~ up material. I b7C recalled seeing Ba in an odd I This is a lab where ~~--~--~were work1ng on a Johns Hopkins ~~~~~~~~~._~~~~e~o~f~a~e~r~o~s~o~l~s~a~mples of Ba in a study of The labeled tubes of a samp es were sore 1n are r1gera or wpich had a slidina glass door wherec==Jhad intended to place~L--------------------~ location r--r~~Buildingl b 7F c===Jworked on a number of projects at USAMRIID. One project involved! 1at USAMRIID. I controlled aerosol system. I I I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011638Anthrax Page 18 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 02/15/2005 ,Page_...;:;.3__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _. . J - - - - - - - - - - o O n I lwas also involved in a study to determine the In I laskedll to continue this research usingl I This research was fu~n-d~e-d~b~>~v~----------------------------------~1 worked on another ro'ect associated USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011639Anthrax Page 19 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo L _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/15/2005 ,Page_-=4__ Continuation ofFD-302 of I with I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011640Anthrax Page 20 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --L---------...1----------- , On 0 2/15/2 0 0 5 , Page _ _;:::___ b 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of was attacked and a lane was headed for Fort Detrick. saw I I dressed in black in the hallway near the cage wasn1ng mach1ne. ther occasionc::Jsaw an indiv~ whomc::Jthought was in a containment suit in suitel___jconducting researchJ I orJ lmay also hav~ in the su1 e. ometime afterl (left USAMRIID,L___j observedr---llofdinJ old hoodlines into a truck from an area outside BUIIaing that was near the smokestacks.c::Jcould not recall the color of the truck nor any other'details. c===J b6 b7c I lrelated thatr---lhas put forth theories to~ regarding the mailing of tfieari'thrax-laced letters. I I~ USAMRIID has nothing to do with it and that a foreign government or an int,llig!nce community mishaR is responsible for the mailings. referred toL J as I I ~------~i~s~a~n~i~ce guy and that! Referring to the investigation,! I toldlr----.lthat ~------------~1 ~------------------------~ They have socialized I I I wasl I rater I I contactsfol( advice and assistance in c:::J D lwho periodically studies. I I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011641Anthrax Page 21 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - , On 02/15/2 0 0 5 , Page_...::::.___ VJ.SJ.ted not I abo uti IP--------------~~U~S~A~M~R~I~I~D~people have voiced concerns to I has I I experience. ~ ~as shown a pre-stamped Federal Eagle envelope similar to those used in the mailing of the anthrax-laced letters in 200l.c==J has never used this type of envelope and has never seen one like it at USAMRIID. I I I resi.des in I I In I Irode on a train through New Jerse~ to I I r In I I The I attended a conference at I I conference was sponsored by the Center of Biomaterials. I I was less than impressed with the security at USAMRIID whenc:J arrived there.c==J was very concerned about safety. r--lrecalled that I I once transported plague bacteria between buildings by the "VIP" method, which means "vial in pocket", instead of the proper packaging and USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011642Anthrax Page 22 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , On 02/15/2 005 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID L__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ J t - - - - - - - - - Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page --'-7__ transport procedur~s. never observed piggy-backing in the hot side. Howeve has observed piggybacking in other areas and'recalled that recently piggy-backed behindc:::Jthrough the front door. The investiga~f the anthrax-laced letter mailings is a sensitive issue tol____jbutc:J is not sure why.l I panicked feeling about the perception! I associate~h the facility or person responsible for the mailinqs. ~was very concerned and I 1 ~-----~l~re~fe~rred to the investigative andl I .::mrl rh~=> i mn.::~rr it- h.::~s had on1 I I 1 ..._____.I believes! L andn does not want the 1 same thing to happen to1 1was not atl I During the polygraphr===]became aware ofl I ._1---=~:::-:-1"":':"::~~:--.:!~-:t:"'':~~~-:!'"':'!~~--___.1 1nvo.Lvement 1n tne ma1.L1ngs. aoso.L u te.L y naa no I told I At this ooint in the interview, SSAI I ~~-~~~~-~~-~-~~----=~------~I thereafter provided the following information: / USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011643Anthrax Page 23 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page_...:::::8_ _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - ' O n 02/15/2005 ~~~~-------~--~~~----~--~~--------~~~~~~----Tiknows that there are lyophilizers in cold areas of Building! I at USAMRIID, butc=Jhas never used a lyophilizer at USAMRIID. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011644Anthrax Page 24 of 1446 FD-3.02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID : - - - L - - - - - - - - _ J - - - - - - - - - , On 0 2/15/2 0 0 5 Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page _....:9:::..__ anthrax I interviewed by agents to verify Sometime before 2001,l oro'iect involvinal was initiall I contacted I lr.::>rc::.-rrlinrr a I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011645Anthrax Page 25 of 1446 FD-i02a (Rev. 10?6?95) o o 02 I 15/2 0 0 5 , Page b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -;_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - , On 10 ssAI !explained the procedure of attempting to determine! I whereabouts and activities during the windows of oppor,unitr for the mailings of the anthrax-laced letters in 2001. described numerous types of documentation thatr---l might want to search for to help the investigators.! Ia~ to provide archived e-mails fromc::Jhome and office computers, calendars, credit card records and phone bills, travel and leave records, laboratory notebooks, and any other documents that could help determinec==J whereabouts. ~-~~~~~-~--~back into the office for was re-contacted by PI brought with time-line of the mailin and PI I ISS~ I talked withc==J to determine if any new ideas had occurr~e~d~t-p--~ other than the three issues disclosed on several of the requested items to help with~-~ ivities during the windows of opportunity for ~~~provided the following comments regarding the previouslydlscussed issues: I I concerns about the dried Bo work were not necessarily ethical concernsJ I ~~----~--------~------~------~----~~~~ The Internat1onai Convention says that as long as the work is on gathogenesis or vaccine efficacy, the work is not considered offensive in nature. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011646Anthrax Page 26 of 1446 FD-J02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page----'=:..::::...- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _________ J - - - - - - - - - o O n 02/15/2005 .___ ___.I corrected been to New York City on one occas1on. comment tha has the.__~--~~~--------~for this travel and will provide it to the investigators. Another issue that may have been worryingc==]is that I was following e I provided the questions asked by SSAI I ~ol~ that! I was free to leave, USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011647Anthrax Page 27 of 1446 FD-J02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 1-:----------- ,On 02/15/2005 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 12 ~------------------------~==~~ I ~------~There was a big push to do studies in thel I after the mailin s occurred. I lwas do1ng and0 is not sure if the work was or not. ~~---L~~~~~------------------~~~----~was to give a there. had called the FBI would not listen. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011648Anthrax Page 28 of 1446 ' FD-3.02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J [ - - - - - - - - - o O n 02/15/2005 ~~~~~isiting ,Page---'=-=-- scientists at to a meeting of the withl I There was a ~------~--------~~~~----~---r----~ at the meetin . The ....__--:--:-:-1 ~------~~--~~---r--~--~~-----r----~-r--_,remembers seeing two times 1n the haltwayl in suit I I and I I socialized witW L but ~id not. went to the USAMRIID library to check out a book called~~~~r---------~ ~-------------------___.1 It is a "really neat" book. name was on the library checkout sheet, andc:::J had checked out the book prior to the mailings. The book is specific to aerobiology. ~~--~~~~-?~~-------U~~~~~~~~:::j~.e hoodlines or if lcannot clearly recall r----lgot reall found that a laborator notebookLwas-fost. The missing~~~~I:l]~~rc)r1E~~rcn-naDr1T~r-----------------~ I ~n it. rna e en r1es ~-------------' b7c the notebookf does not know what happened to the notebook. ~------~----~--~------~----~------~--~----~ SSAI orovided for the I I askedn about I the requisition forml had worked with. I I I r---1 In regard to the original purpose of the ~~------------~ L___jparticipated in, the anthrax spores in li uid form which were bein used in aerosol challen es were had wanted to ~------------------------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011649Anthrax Page 29 of 1446 ' 11 . FD-J02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~----------------~ o t - - - - - - - - - - ,On 02/15/2005 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 14 move toward using dried anthrax in the challenges. I I nd might have contributed to wants to help the investigators and will do whatever is needed. agreed to provide additional information and documentation regarding~activities and whereabouts at the time of the mailings. agreed to come back to the offsite for formal handwriting exemp ars. relate~e word "anthrax" which mi ht bother I I could not think of any other issue~ pot~ntially USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011650Anthrax Page 30 of 1446 ' I '!;< ~ FD.:fo2''lRev. 10:6-95) o - 1addre~:~s o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 03/0l/2005 I work soc~a secur~rt::...L......::.:n:.::u=::;.e=r...._______........-==-=-...;::.:=--=:.=..:=L.------------'--, J wLo-r~k~~t-e~1-e-p~h-o_n_e n_umb~e-r-r----------------~w--a-s~i-n~t-e_r_v~i-e-w-e~d~~ __ __ at the Federal Bureau of Investigation's offsite location in Frederick, Maryland. After being advised of the identitv of the ~~-~---~ interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview ,1 I provided the following information: .___________.I at USAMRIID. Investigation on File# .---------~~~~~~lhas conducted work for BRUC 02/25/2005 Frederick, Maryland Date dictated --~~-------- at ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \~t>Ci. SA ~------------~-------~-------, Postal Inspector .......:..------...----....., N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it .and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011651Anthrax Page 31 of 1446 (''' " "'t ,. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page---=--- 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of L - - - - - - - - - - - . . . J - - - - - - - , On 02/25/2 0 OS and e a e to prov~ e more locations at USAMRIID. ~nformat~on IVINS or L----.....1 about Ames work I lhad no recollection of any plate count comparison study wit~h~I~V~I~N~S~orL I for BioPort or Battelle MemorjaJ fnstitute.l - ~---------------------------~ lhad never applied for funding from Princeton University, nor did[:] know anyone who attended or was employed there. I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011652Anthrax Page 32 of 1446 'C' ' """ FD-302a.(Rev. 10-6-95) . . o o 0 2/2 5 /2 0 0 5 , Page --3- 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L..----------------ll------- , On There was no one at USAMRIID ~homl !suspected of being involved in the 2001 anthrax-laced letter mailings. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011653Anthrax Page 33 of 1446 . ' FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 03/15/2005 ~n ~-a-l Securi ty.:~AC 'l\~ilij,:E r.:NiiiilbeLli=:=::::::::::::::JI:w~at~s:_, I March 14, 2005J I date of birth ,-== .... interviewed atc::J residence, 1 ce ar e I hv . r~ 1 ~ ,... ...... .,., ~ ,... ' c 71 ,... I I I Also nres~dur'ina the 1nt eL"'\i'TeW""Wa~~..--___. of thel !Resident Agency (RA). I I provided assistance with thel lof I I computer hard drive. After Be1ng advlsed OL the identities of the interviewing Agents and the purpose of the interview,? I !provided the following information: At the outset of the interview~~--------~lsigned and dated a FD-941, Consent To Search Computer(s) form. A copy of the consent form is attached and the original is maintained in the 1A section of the case file. I linformed the Agents \.l I ra:l:::ln~ld=---..., _t_h_a_t_c:J u_s_e_d_'_'p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d_'_'_t_o_a_c_c_e_s_s_t_h_e_w_i_n_d_o_w_s_9_8 op_e_r_a_t_i_n_g ___ __ _____, system onc:J computer. l"" EJ 1 . ?. Investigation on File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \\1.""\ SAl Data dictated I I by SAl r---------------------~----------~ It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; I lhis document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011654Anthrax Page 34 of 1446 FD-941 (2.:26-bl) o ALL HEREIN DATE CONSENT TO SEARCH COMPUTER(S) I, - - L____________ J - - - - - - - - - o have been asked by Special Agents of the Federal Bureau oflnvestigation (FBI) to permit a complete search by the FBI or its designees of any and all computers,any electronic and/or optical data storage and/or retrieval system or medium, and any related computer peripherals, described below: b7C I~~~~~~~==----------------------~~ CPO Make, Model & Senal Number avauable) (If Storag~l and located at Media, Computer Peripherals 1----o which I o':"n, possess, ~---------------------------..J control, and/or have access to, for any evidence of a crime or other violation of the law. The required passwords, logins, and/or specific directions for computer entry are as follows: -----""i~.!..---------------.:;___. -I have been ady-ised of m)7nght to refuse ~to consenHothis search, and I give permission for thissearcll:-freely, and voluntarily' and not as the result of threats or promises of any kind. I authorize those Agents to take any evidence discovered during this search, together with t~e medium in/on which it is stored, and any associated data, hardware, software and computer peripherals. Signature Signature of Witness 7 Printed Full Name? of Witness Location USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011655Anthrax Page 35 of 1446 _.FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b'?C Date of transcription 03/02/2005 March 1, 2 0 0 5 , I I Security Account res1dence, cellular ~~~------------------~~~----------~~~Special Agents After being erv1ew1ng gents and the the following I Army Medical R lin obtaining a position with the United States ~(U~S~~~~II~D~)~.~~-------------r~---.-~--~~--~~~------~1 ....._----:-------------~-:---...,...,...----......,....1 characterized the work1ng _,_ Tn!=::t-i t-.nt-.A of Tn-Fe::.,-.t-~ rmc::: ni """""'"'"""" .I.____--or-,-------------~1 ~....r.:~~=-=-=~a~L~t~ trn=-,e=--~tJ.-=m=-e=--.....J He . environment as friendl~ and ~rofessional. 1 c==J fi) ~ between IVINS exh1b1ted no 1nappropr1ate was very concerned about crossinq a rofessional and personal life. 1 Investigation on ----~~-------- 02/28/2005 at Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-US~IID -~ SA SA It is the property of the FBI and Is loaned to your agency; This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011656Anthrax Page 36 of 1446 .fD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of L _________j - - - - - - - - - , On 02/2 8/2 005 , Page _.=2__ The overall work environment in the~~--~~--~~~ Division was friendlY,. USAMEIID personnel were both friends and co-workers. According to~L--------~Ia group of scientists, by definition, was an unusual grou of eo le thus ersonalit conflicts were not une ected. IVINS was friendly, but also conducted h~mse ~n a manner t made it clear tha~ IVINS was very moody, but could not be faulted for h~s behavior, as he 11 always had a heart of go]Q II Accordinr tol I IVINS always meant well.[ could not determine the cause of IVINS' mood swings. I ~t~h~a~t-=rv~I~N~S~l-a-c~ked he did not friends friends. ~scuss~ons w~t regarding~----------------~ USAMRIID. of I I 1 employment at USAMRIID ended inr I I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011657Anthrax Page 37 of 1446 J1D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - - L - - - - - - - - _ J - - - - - - - - - - , On 02/2 8/2 0 0 5 Continuation ofFD-~02 of , Page _.....:3:::..___ I IVINS was always a little unusual, I ~h~i~m-s-e-~lf~and his wife, and difficulties with his teenage I IVINS discussed his own personal issuesl He discussed the difficult relationship~b-e_t_w_e_e_n--~ children. He expressed insecurities about being without friends and being perceived as strange or weird. IVINS indicated that he started to see a counselor. Issues of depression, rampant insecurities, history of psychiatric illness in his family were also discussed by IVINSI I According tol IVINS was insecure personally, not professionally. ~--------~ IVINS informed! labeled with bipolar and schizophren' the disorder .labels did not fit with so .._1-=--~~~--~ disregarded them. was not clear whether the labels wele a:s~fed by IVINS or is doctors) I ldid not recall if was aware of these labels.. I thought that IVINS a a personality disorder which did n~oss into frank psychosis. n Nothing in IVINS' behavior madeL--J worry about the technical aspects of his job performance. H1s condition affected his social interactions; however, his disorder did not prevent his functioning at work, nor his community involvement .and work with children. IVINS was too critical of himself. He analyzed every word said to him and all of the possible meanings implied by statements directed toward him. 11 IVINS discussed his family ?background withl Ion occasion. He grew up in Lebanon, Ohio, where his fat~h~e-r__ w_a_s~a pharmacist. 1 ldid not believe that IVINS' mother worked outside of the home. I I I I The ?am1ly took tr1ps out West to v1s1t Nat1onal Parks. IVINS visited an ?aunt I 1 ~~~--~~--~~--------~~~----~-------=~~~--~ did not recall whether the visits were family outings. IVINS never referenced any traumatic occurrences in his life. He USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011658Anthrax Page 38 of 1446 .fD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - _ J - - - - - - - - - , On 02/2 8/2 005 , Page--=-- indicated that he had few friends in high school and college. He mentioned that he was very awkward around women and was never "super popular. IVINS had been married' only one time. IVINS attributed his mental issues to the way in which he was raised. 11 I ~--~~~I~V~INS lwould sometimes worry about IVINS' mood,l I was seeing a counselor to d~scuss li~s ~ssues. !indicated that IVINS continued to have both go9~d~~a~n~d~b~a~d~ ~d~a-y-s-,~b~ut that the counseling.did quite a bit of good.[ I did not know the duration or extent of IVINS' counselin~g~.------~ ~~_....~_...._...._....~~_...._....~_....~_...._...._...._...._...._....--~--~~ IVINS' behayior was hard to describe to someone who did not know him, I talk on the telenhone. I IIVINS did not like to I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011659Anthrax Page 39 of 1446 Jm-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of L _________ j - - - - - - - - ,On 02/28/2005 ,Page_-=5'--- I did not recall specific roblems or pressures assoc1ated w1th the! !program. indicated that tension was usual!y greater~~------~ ~---------L~around the time of an aerosol challenge, as there was 1cant amount of work to accomplish within a set time . I regarding contamination issues outside of the USAMRIID hot suites. I l"this is what is going on at work" type of 1nformat1on.l !recalled concern over contamination in office areas, but did not recollect specific details. I lwas under the impression that the whole departme~1nvolved in the swabbing of all of the office spaces. id not remember what prompted the extensive sw:bbjnq. nor did recall the time frame of the event. rbelieved that occasional swabbing outside of the hot su1tes.was conduqted as a quality control; however,c==J never observed such swabbing duringc==Jtenure at USAMRIID. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011660Anthrax Page 40 of 1446 {D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ J f - - - - - - - - - , On 02/2 8/2 0 05 , Page--==- verbally consented to a review of any items by the interview1ng Agents during a return visit. During the interview, lread, signed and dated an Non-Disclosure Agreement regarding the Amerithrax investigation. The form is maintained in a lA envelope. I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011661Anthrax Page 41 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o b7C Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 02/22/2005 o em2lo ent room Army Medical Resea or Detrick, Maryland After being advised of the ident1ty of Inspector and Special Agent (SA)~~~----~ information: Inspector and SA a at a roximatel (WFO NOTE: Enclosed in the FD-340 attached to this communication is the above captioned facsimile.) Through investigation I,AST NAME: FIRST NAME: _b.LI]\S: I lis described as: ~ rOB: DATE OF VISIT: .,ID1R.I ,OY.f.!R : SUPERVISOR; I Investigation on File# by 279A-WF-222936-U$AMRIID-\\7C. : Postal Inspectorl _____________----! __ SA I I .__ r-- Date dictated N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011662Anthrax Page 42 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6-95) o MISCELLANEOUS: o , Page ....2- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ~l_________J----------- ,On 02 /17 /2 0 0 5 Continuation ofFD-302 of A,ccersfN. USAMRIID ~uite with I and worked with Affies\Strain of Ba:=- I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011663Anthrax Page 43 of 1446 ~V:"_',"").!, :_;~ .., FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) oo - 1- o b7C Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION HERE HJ IS U1JC LA:'l S I FIED DATE 12-12-2008 0 2 I 18 I 2 0 0 5 Date of Birth (DOB): Social Security Account Number (SSAN) :I I work telephone #: I I was interviewed, as pre-arranged, at c:J place of employment, rooml I Porter Street, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland on the afternoon of February 17, 2005. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing Postal Inspector and Special Agent (SA) J !provided the following information: ? .__---:------.....JI I I .-----____!1~_ ____.1 advisedr=J has lfor approximately! L..----..1.-------. been I !years. IDivision advised was previously interviewed regarding the anthrax laced letter ~ailings of September and October, 2001 circa August 2003.1 Jadvisedl bould not recall any additional details from the August 2003 interview that would be helpful to the investigation. I I D c====Jladvisedr--]only vaguely recalls seeingl lat USAMRIID. c===J advise~ has heard rumors that I I would "come over to laborator~es" to observe research procedures unrelated to discipline.! !further advisedc===Jdid. not know if had approval from either c:::J supervisor or the L-~----~----~D~ivision Investigator conducting the research to observe. advised lcould not recall whatl Division~~-0-r-a~toriesl lwas known to frequent in particular. I (WFO NOTE: lwas provided a electronic forei n scientist records I rintout of USAMRIID Investigation on File# by . _02/18/2005 _ ___ ___;:.,___.:._ at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID "-\\.'3-.'D Posta] J tori...._________...I SAl I ---!-------.===----., N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor' conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc,......----------1 it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011664Anthrax Page 44 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/18/2005 Continuation ofFD-302 of 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,On _ _ _ _ _ _ ,Page - - - - who per USAMRIID I further adv' ~------------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hat llab" for resent. visited the (WFO NOTE: Enclosed in the FD-340 attached to this communication is the list of foreign visiting scientists! provided to the interviewing Postal Inspector and SA.) ? I I advised! lhad ? I visiting thel ~------------~ I (WFO NOTE:~~----~~ contacted! telephonically.) ~?--------------~ (WFO NOTE:~I------~~contacted BRUCE IVINS telephonically.) ~------_.______~l~a~d~vised IVINS recalled the individual referred as ~----------------~land the circumstances ofc==J visit to USAMRIID. ~agreed to contact the interviewing Postal Inspector or SA sho~recall any additional pertinent.information. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011665Anthrax Page 45 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) o r o 02/18/2005 3 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . = = - ! . ' . : ; O n : : . = : : ; - - - - - - - , Page _ __ Through observation and interview~~~--~~ is described as: ,!lSAMRIJD '\. I I COJ,J.N.T.RX,: LAS_T_NAME: "'FrRS_T _N~E: Q.CCUPAT;J ON: AFFI_LI~T-WN: I Porter~t_:r;'eet Fort Detric],;_,\,J,.faryland Q.ff.i,cJ~ 1 l-- Through investigation ~~--------.....11 is. described as: Through investigation! described as: ~------~--------------~ lis Aoril 20019.. - June-2?0?01: USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011666Anthrax Page 46 of 1446 o if. """'' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o USAMRIID POC: o 02/18/2005 4 Page b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On Through investig~tion D is described as: ..CQJ.m.Til_Y: LAST NAME: FIRSj--:NAME : }mx.: .. o ,_ AFFILIATION: ........... DATE OF VIS,IT: PURPOSE OF VISIT: .Augw::rt:? 15 - S~ptember 30, 2000 USAMRIID POC: Through investigation COUNTRY: L~?j~E: .E.I-RS!I'-.N~E ~. . 1_ _ _ ____.1 is described as: : .]ll:~LIAAJPN: D]l.TE OF VISIT: ._-.-_.,..-, "w~ USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011667Anthrax Page 47 of 1446 J FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ?- o 02/18/2005 ,On b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 6 ,Page Continuation ofFD-302 of AFFILIATION: ,DATE OF VISIT: PURPo-s?E 6F--v1' SIT : --======--?"' . . ---=;,: USAMRIID POC: Through investigation I COUNTRY: LAS1'_.N~E ~==~------~--------~ Iis described as: : : AFFILIATION: ' ~':CE-O.E-V.lS.I... : T PURPOS~ UR.S.T-~E OF VISIT: USAMRIID POC: Through investigation! lis described as: ..QA!!!E-GF-V~SJ:,T : P!J'RR_Q.S.E_O.E_\l.l..Q.! T : USAMRIID POC: Through R.UCUS . t> ........~ .L:::I:::I:::I investigation~is described as: ~I- - - - - - - - . CO.UN!!!RY : ~AME: USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011668Anthrax Page 48 of 1446 ~? .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 02/18/2005 7 ' Page b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ' On ~-;-y~ FIRST NAME: OCCUPATION: -AFFILIATION: ;:;:::::,.. --.,~? DATE OF VISIT: PURPOSE OF VISIT: -~ l'[ovemb~ 23, 1999 ---~--~-- .. USAMRIID POC: :::::w..... _*...., .. ~ s.z ~ Through investigation ._I_ __.I is described as: COUNTRY: LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: 'OCCUPATION: AFFILIATION: DATE OF VISIT: OF VISIT: USAMRIID POC: --sent ember 2~--:30/_ :r-9~99 ~URPOSE ... --~-?----? Through -CPJJNl'.RY..; inv~stigation ._l_ ____.l is described as: : FIRS.T _NAM,.E : MIDDLE INITIAL/NAME: I-~A.S.T.,.-NAME AF~l\l'.I.Q!'J: ~-O.F-V~l--S?IT: PURPQ_Q.~_: - M.a~Y-2-7.:..,-1.9 9 9 " """'-?. ;-,.,.,__ ~ USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011669Anthrax Page 49 of 1446 ' I FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 02/18/2005 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 8 Page Continuation ofFD-302 of On USAMRIID POC: Through investigation I .CODN.TEJ..: _LAS.'I'~iiME I is described as: : FIRST NAME: TF""FfLIATION: DATE OF VJ~S-~"'T: PURPOSE OF VISIT: Februax:.v.:.. oEK-?? zo-oT-? ~-~ -=---. ~ -:;. " Through investigation~!~--~lis described as: :Q}ll:E"".OR-_,_V,IS,I.,.T.,.: PQBJ'._OSK"O..F..-~Y...I.~T: ~ weeKs s :ar .-nc IT ~ USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011670Anthrax Page 50 of 1446 ., FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o USAMRIID POC: oo b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/18/2005 Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On 9 ,Page Through investigation~~------~~is described as: -<;9JJN-'I:R? : LAST NAME: u FIRST NA1-1E : AFffti.ATThN: ~--?.??.c:?c.:::~ uune _L.'.::J, _fyyv !l?~EIID"..J:>Q.Co.i. Dz;\rl~L....,QF' \liSJT_ {J I) : PURPOSE: (II)_: _,r.::.::::-.? .. .;;:;;::. POC ~I . ... Through investigation! COliN~ Iis ZJ: describe~ as: -r:;A8 T NAM.B : .f.I.RSX-N~: AEFILIATION: week~,."sta_rtTnii J2AIE_QE'-'iLI-S_I T : P~P.Q_RE"'...OF--=VJ.?. IT in June_2001 : USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011671Anthrax Page 51 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 02/18/2005 10 , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On . Through investigation D is desc:ribed as: COUNTRY: Tharr..:NAM~ : FIRST NAME: AFFILIATION: DATE OF VISIT: PURPOSE OF VI-S'IT :? ~~~"""_.~.~"'~ May 18~9 2000 Through G,Q_~TR~: investigation~~----~~is described as: A'FFILiATION: DATE OF VISIT: PU~POSE -- ?---,.. OF-VISIT: ~ LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: ~-::-_:"-- Mav' 18'>.;:19 2000 . USAMRIID POC: Th~o~-~ -~~~e-f;:_igation ._l_______.l is .. lJ"PV described as: . USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011672Anthrax Page 52 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o -:f]R.s:T~NAME : ~I_L.IAlJQ~ o 02/18/2005 11 May 18-1\9 2000 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,On _ _ _ _ _ _ ,Page _ __ L'AsT~NAME: s~"x..:..,.,. COUNTRY: ..DA!I!-E- 0F-V-IB:IT : PYR~Q.9.K-OF_jq sIT: USAMRIID POC: Through investigat~oJ~---~Iis described as: -?-- USAMRIID POC: ~' ' --,------- Through investigation~is described as: ~Q1J.NXE.? : LAST NAME: ~-?:-:~r~ ~~~$-1:~-~AME e.;sx.:, ~- : ~F.:fiLJl\.T_I:9N: DATE OF VISIT: ,...PURJ?..OSE.,...OE._YrSIT: ~" USAMRIID POC: '~lit:::'!':~"'"'""""'''.,.-? Through investigatio:J;l._l_ _ __.l is described? as: C.9lJNT.EXJ..., ?1rAS-8:',...N~E ~,...;;;.~7?~ : FIRST NAME: USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011673Anthrax Page 53 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o AFFILIATION: DATE OFJI.S.IT: PURPOSE OF VISIT: o 02/18/2005 On Pa e b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 12 Continuation ofFD-302 of ... ~o/~ ~:rough investigation! 4 lis described as: .,.<;..,OUNTRY: LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: "'AFFILIA.,.TtOR:.. . DATE OF VISIT: .. ~_,"""""",.,_,...... ..,.....4"""'?wee.ks startinq fn June 2001 ~~-~QIL..YJ,~IT: USAMRIID POC: Through investigation ~pt]NTRY:,. ~====~------------------------~ I Iis described as: LAST NAME: cFIRST NAME: 'AFFILIATION: K~lfRPOSE DATE OF VIS:!;!-: OF VISIT: USAMRIID POC: Through .investigation D is described as: USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011674Anthrax Page 54 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ...___________.l? COUNTRY: :f.1l\ST N~E: fiRST NAJ11E: AFFILIATION: o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/18/ioos ' On 13 ' Page Continuation ofFD-302 of - - DATE OF VISIT: PURPOSE OF VISIT: October 10~21, 2000 USAMRIID POC: Through ...COilJliJ!I'RY: LAS~E: investigation~~----~~is described as: _.~::..:::.,:=.ST::-.; AME: NA -SEX.; J.]!.F.;[-fr.~ON: :QATE OF VISJ:l: PURPOSE OF VISIT: ___ ;tuguse-- 1~ -18, 2000 - - - ~ . . , . USAMRIID POC: Through investigation ._I_________.I is described as: COUNTRY: LAST NAME: =pfRST NAME: SEX: _ USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011675Anthrax Page 55 of 1446 ) <' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b'IC 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/18/2005 Continuation ofFD-302 of cOJt . Pajle 14 AFFILIATION: DATE OF VISIT: PURPOSE OF VISIT: -Aor~l - '\:l uu_o_ Seotember 2000 --..., !JSAMRIID POC: Through investigatio~ lis .V described as: .... COUNTRY: MST NJ\ME: f'TRST NAT;{IE: AFFILIATION: '"I DATE OF 'V!Ui.IT: -~~!'). - L. PURPOSE: ..... Through investigatiqnl CQIINTRY;.., ~ lis described as: . FIRST NAME: AFFILIATION: DATE OF VISIT: l?URPOSE OF ~SIT: .... ............ USAMRIID POC: June 21, '1_999 - - Through investigation! COPNTRY? LAST NAME: ""FIRST NAME : lis described as: USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011676Anthrax Page 56 of 1446 'J oo " FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/18/2005 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~ PnoP 15 ~FFILIATION: PASSPORT #: DATE OF VISIT: - POR:'PtJS :El Oif'V'ISIT: Marcn"Q5-09, 2001 .. - USAMRIID POC: USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011677Anthrax Page 57 of 1446 '(Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o 03/08/2005 Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: Approved .By: Drafted By: ~~---------------------L--~ I Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRII~ (Pending)-\\~\ Title: I AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 To provide a periodic update for the ongoing project to review USAMRIID laboratory notebooks. This update summarizes information obtained from additional laboratory notebooks and folders belonging to Dr. Bruce Ivins and Ivins' research group, located in Ivins' office at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. Notebook numbers 16 (or 3464), 1599, 4240, 4237, 3745, 3233, 3919, 1748, 2064, 3465, 3269, 1670, 3080, 3114, 2013, 1511, 3563, 3234, .~844, 1599, 1670, and folders were reviewed. Reference EC dated July 14, 2004, serial 882. Synopsis: Enclosure(s): Enclosed is a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet listing numerous laboratory notebooks and folders located in Ivins' office. Details: Between July and October 2004, a second set of USAMRIID laboratory notebooks and folders were reviewed. ~1-1~P~~ and researchers in Ivins' group used this set of notebook~ Numbers were assigned by the .USAMRIID library to all laboratory notebooks issued to Principal Investigators, and the folders had a handwritten title summarizing their contents. These notebooks and folders were reviewed to identify any individuals who had access to Ba Ames and were not already under investigation, previously-unknown places where Ba Ames was stored, people within USAMRIID or people and places outside USAMRIID to whom Ba Ames was distributed by this research group, and any other details of interest. Various Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) were copied, including an SOP for the "Production, Harvest, and USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011678Anthrax Page 58 of 1446 Tot Re: Wa~hington Fi~ 03/08/2005 From: Washington Field~ 279A-WF-222936, Purification of Bacillus anthracis Ames Spores for Aerosol Challenge 11 o a March J 997 SOP prepared by I I entjtJed I j I 1995 SOP prep ed by the USAMRIID Bacteriolo prepare y v1ns ent1t e Preparation of Bacillus anthracis Spores for Aerosolization"; an April 1997 SOP prepared by Ivins entitled 11 Quantitation of Bacillus anthracis Colony Forming Units 11 ; an April 1997 SOP prepared by Ivins entitled 11 Preparation of Bacillus anthracis Spores for Testing Aerosolization Efficiency 11 ; and a March 1997 SOP prepared by Ivins entitled "Preparation of Bacillus anthracis Spores for Aerosol LD50 Determination". ? 11 o In the folder, a Ba Ames Primary Subculture was shipped to Battelle in April.2004. Ba Ames 11 ready-to-spray 11 spores were shiJ;med to Battelle between April and September 2004. Furthermore,! !Ivins visited Battelle for observation and advice between May and September 2004. Notebook #16, also labeled #3464, contained an entry by I I Ivins on July 27, 1994. Ivins reported thatl lof ~~--~~lwas performing work with Ames spores 1n rabb1ts. Ivins also attached an August 17, 1994 graph showing a gammairradiation kill for Ba Ames strain s ores. The kill curve reduced b ~------------------~on or about November 22 1994 an experiment was to be conducted to ~----~---s~trains used in this experiment. and Ivins were to do the skin testing. I Ba Ames was one 2 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011679Anthrax Page 59 of 1446 TO?: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936, 03/08/2005 Fi!lt Field~ Notebook 4240 revealed that on March 5, 2002, Ivins gave I 1~: :~lliliters of Ames spores for a challenge withi -- =:ra~it~. Qn Q~ abQYt ~ S, 2QQJ, Ames spores were also prov~ e to_ I Notebook 4237 included pages, dated in 2000, referencing RMR 1029, and provfded the latest count of un-heatshocked spores as 4.3 x 10 to the 10/milliliter. Additionally; page 23 displayed an e-mail, dated May 10, 2000, to Ivins from This e-mail designated Ba strain identifications for isola~~~~~~::::==~ wanted to I ? One of those strains to be Ames handwritten note by Iv~ns state t e types of Ba stra~ns sentc==J I lbut it did not appear that Ames was among them. A folder entitled A I !revealed that L....:----:----:--___.1 Th~s plan ~nvol ved stud~es ot DNA-based immunization against anthrax. It was unclear whether the anthrax studied was the Ames strain. ~~~~~vr;'.ouslv Other individuals with possible access to Ba Ames not identified were included in a folder entitled ~--------------~----~------~~ !individuals assisted Ivins with a protocol involving the testing in guinea pigs of Vaccinia vir~s and Baculovirus strains, making Ba protective antigen as prototype vaccines against human a~thrax. The starting date of this experiment was to be June 19, 11 8 11 [write_r believes this may mean 1989], and the ending date was to be December 31, 1990. ~nnt-h,:::.r i ncHvin,"' l not nreviousl v identified is I I A folder entitled I I 3 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011680Anthrax Page 60 of 1446 To-: Re: W;shington FiJil From: Washington 279A-WF-222936 03/08/2005 1 Field~ b7C ~....----=-----=---o:::---":"'"";"'----.....,..-....1 "key personnel" working on an enhancement of anthrax vaccine efficacy with immunostimulatory oligonucleotides. It was unclear which strain of Ba was used. showed that on October 13 Ivins attempted to send Ba Ames for research purposes to 1 I I b7D request was denied on February 7 2001 by the United States Department of Commerce on the grounds that it would be detrimental to United St~tes foreign policy. 1 Notebook 3745 contained information about RMR 1029 experiments conducted between May and December 1999. In December 1999 Ivins gave some post-aerosol challenge sera to for PA determination. 1 I I Notebook 3233 contained a in November 1990 Iandi I of I They were attempting to design a test for Ba and aske IvJ.ns t,o provide some Ames spores germJ.nated spores and vegetative cells. , from~ I I Notebook 3919~~~~~~~e~l~e~c~tronic mail sent on February 24 1 2000 from of USAMRIID to various other researchers at USAMRIID. was scheduling a multi-agent vaccine study; Ames spor~s were used in the study. Notebook 1748 divulged that in March 1983 Ames supernatants were given tol 1 concentrated I Notebook 2064 contained information about a June 1987 experiment conducted by Ivins I I They were attempting.to obtain some "hot" spore preparatJ.ons and 1 4 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011681Anthrax Page 61 of 1446 To?: Re: W~shington FiJit03/08/2005 From: Washington Field~ 279A-WF-222936, I I determine the virulence of some of their other spore preparations. Subsequently, Ivins atteFpted to increase the virulence of some "May?87" Ames spores;_ Experimental 1993, had an objective written on December 8 L-----------~ Experimental?Protocoll .,,.,+-::::l-i.led al !written on December 8, 1993, I I Experimental Protocol' comprised ani I I written on July 29, 1994, I Notebook 3465, issued September 16, 1992, included several protocols utilizing Ba Ames with as-yet unidentified individuals listed as principal investigators: Protocol! written Septembe d Protocole::::] written on May 11, 1993, included a Protocoll____j,written on December 9, 1992, include a and Protocol I I written on April 1, 1993, included a This notebook also contained a Standard Operating Procedure for Lyophilization of Reagents, written February 24, 1992. I ? Notebook 3269, issueq August 27. 1990, listed an experiment Ivins performed for i~~~-----=~lto determine whether anthrax spores germinate in R-medium or R-medium and 10% unheated horse serum. Ivins also gave some Ames spores tol lon June 9, 1992 and on September 23, 1992. Notebook 1670, issued June 29, 1982, contained an entry written on March 3, 1983. Ivins gave Ba Ames concentrated supernatants tol lfor LF and PA determination. Notebook 3080, information re:arding an 21, 1988 by I _ tested the ga ro stra~n challenges. On or about issued November 20, 1987, contained experiment conducted on or about January and I I in which the two as a vaccine against Ames~s~p~o~r~e------~ April 20, 1988, Ivins andl I I 5 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011682Anthrax Page 62 of 1446 ' . To?: Re: W~shington FiJit03/08/2005 From: Washington Field~ 279A-WF-222936, injected some 11 British 11 Ames spores into Hartley q:uinea pigs. The Ames spores were obtained from ~~--------------~J contained an entry ested that Ivins 1c 1nvo ve Ba Ames. T 1s 1 ea was suggeste ecause Iv1ns deemed his plasmid isolation procedure inadequate. Subsequently J Iran Ivins o I I Seven folders (Dugway Spore Harvests #1, Dugway - 2nd. spore shipment, -3rd spore shipment, -4th spore shipment, -5th spore shipment, -6th spore shipment, and -7th Dugway Shifment)l contained information about spore shipments in 1997 from ~~~--~lof Dugway to Ivins. Some of the information included shipment dates, what was done with the spores after.receipt, and how the spores were processed at Dugway. The 11 Dugway Spore Information" folder contained information entitled "Scope of Work - Bacillus anthracis Ames Spores", detailing the Dugway spore shipments, the last of which was to be shipped no later than June 30, 1997. Inside the folder were faxed copies of quality control assay results between April 1997 and September 1997, initialed byl I? Also included was a copy of the Reference Material Receipt (RMR) 1029 inventory, dated October 22, 1997. There were multiple folders numerous pages of information pertaining to experiment. This was an eight-part, long-term ra 1t stu y us1ng RMR 1029. The study began in April 2000 and concluded January 2002. Copies of spore preparation forms indicating plate counts and concentrations were obtained. Similar forms were also obtained in the folder labeled "Long-term Efficacy Study; 12-month rabbit study". Folderl \contained the previously-unknown name ofl .referencing a challenge [it is unclear whether this is an intramuscular or aerosol challenge] and testing two types of anthrax vaccines. Notebook 201~issued. December 6 J 985 ment.J oned I I and L__j I lwere mentioned in studies with B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis. I lwas consulted by Ivins in Notebook 3167, issued May 19, 1989, on using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) I I I ~----------------------------------~ The folder entitled! lhad different spreadsheets indicating various information, including: agent 6 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011683Anthrax Page 63 of 1446 ' ' To?: Re: W~shington FiJit03/08/2005 From: Washington Field~ 279A-WF-222936, name, ID number, room location, principal ipvestigator, date 'acquired, facility from which the Agent was acquired, etc. Another spreadsheet in the folder was labeled "Bacillus anthracis strain col_lection", and had a hand-written line on top stating "Perry's Collection" [writer believes this to be Perry Mikesell]. This spreadsheet contained information such as Ba number, name, notes, and references. However, there were no dates on this collection. A spreadsheet dated July 22, 1991 had a list of all anthrax strains in Perry Mikesell's collection. The final pages in the folder described the type and location of particular Ba strains, dated between March 2002 and April 2004. Notebook 1511 contained with entries November In Notebook 35.63, isstJ.ed April 8, 1993, Ivins referred to "old" and "new" batches of Ames in December 1993. Other pages also mentioned these two batches of Ames, as well as the experimental protocols. Notebook 3234, occurrence was y 25, 1990. A folder entitled I !contained a copy of a memoranaum aated January 4, 1993 from I and I I mentioned 1n Notebook I L 1ssued October 20 mentioned in relation tol Iwere names 1983. I I Notebook! ~issued October 29, 1981, mentioned .________.I and I ! Ivins gave I lsupernatants....__o..,..f----' different Ba ~s~t-r-a~i-n-s-,--1~'ncluding Ames, on June 2, 1982, in order to perform ani I The notebook 7 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011684Anthrax Page 64 of 1446 To?: Re: W~shington FiJit03/08/2005 From: Washington Field~ 279A-WF-222936, also contained information on the efficacy of certain media on growth, concluding that agar was a better support matrix than agarose. Notebook 1670, issued June 29, 1982, stated that on 1 (year unknown) (it is not known wher~ lis employed) gave Ivins B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, ana s. fecalis. September The folder entitled I contained a log of the amount ~o~f~~----------~~-e-c-e~i~v-e-d~,~t~h-e__ a_m_o_u_n~t--~ used, and the dates of use. The log was begun October 27, 1997. The folder entitled "RMR 1029- Highly Purified Ames Spores - 3x10 13 " contained a set of e-mails between Ivins, I I I I dated between ~O~c~t-o~b-e-r--~1~2-,~2~0~0~1~-a-n~d~N~o-v_e_mb~e--r~9-,~2~0~0~1~.--=T~h-e_____ e m_a_1~'l~s documented numerous individuals to whom the Ames strain was sent and the dates in which it was sent. A folder entitl'ed "Harvesting Spores - + GLP Spore From Dugway" contained 11 Acceptance Criteria Test Forms", which tested and plated RMR 1029 on March 18,. 1998. The last page featured an e-mail sent from Ivins on Januar 17 1997 to the followin rinci al investi ators: Iv1ns ca cu ate the amount of cultures needed the time it would take to produce enough spores for aerosol challenges of 1000 rabbits and 200 monkeys. Ivins concluded that the concentration of spores for each animal was based on what he and others in his group . administered (or tried to administer) to the monkeys and rabbits in F96-16 and F96-17, or 3.0 E9. Ivins prepared 8.5 milliliters of aerosol per animal, or about 8 milliliters per tube. Ultimately, Ivins calculated that it took 13 runs to generate about 3. o E12 Ames spores for the "current batch 11 o Since they . needed ten times that amount, ?it would take them 130 runs with the flasks if performed with 2 liters per run, as they currently did. Therefore, it would take 130 weeks at one run per week or 65 weeks at 2 runs per week. The total amount of culture needed to produce the spores would be 260 liters. Below the email was Ivinso handwritten note describing what was needed, when, and in what solution the spores would be delivered . oo 8 USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011685Anthrax Page 65 of 1446 mll!l'Jtl!ATX% :wrmen :EPEII! IS Gl!CLA:JJI!IED ~A:E l2?lHI})e 3Y 5m4 :;c 3AUOr: 1 ~\'5 Notebooks: 12 1o (#J404) . 10 (#)080) ll(#m4) BOI-11 (#4241) 17 (#34o)) 15 (#326~) 1670 20B(#8) 1~14 -~? ' 2064 1148 l4B (#3233) 3745 3919 1599 4240 42)7 3685 Jl67 (#B) m4 1519 "Anilirax Toxin", 2Nov. 88 3563 )760 1)1! 3~20 4420 4562 4103 4306 4281 Principal Invest. Location Copied Comments I Ivins' office Some Names not already identified as POVAccess Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Instances in whlch Ames was given to someone Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Shipping forms Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Suspicious entries (abruptly stopping around ~/01-10/01) Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No AnyiliingwithBa m~,A04o2, BA1004, 74,102~?10)0 Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Storage locations Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some jvins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some ~vins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins . Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some ~vins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Ivins' office? Some Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Spore equivalency calculations of Ba Zimbabwe and Ames Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Melia comparisons, effects of temp. on spore count Ivins Ivins' office Most Effect of storage conditions on spore counts in suspension Spore counts on different solid media Percent encapsclation of spores in preps BioPort personnel Pour plate versus spread plate comparison Percent of spores in preps ilia! are refractile or non-refractile ' L..___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ USAMRIID Section 1.pdf ----------- 011686Anthrax Page 66 of 1446 2 b6 biC b'D ICommen~ ' Folders: II~ oAdjuvant Comparison Experiment #2 115. ?Live Strain vaccination Protocol112 ? MPL Titratioru'Adjuvant and Antigen Preparation Monkey challenge -1.5-2 year (MDPH-C) MDPH?C Manuscript "C" MDPH?I? AnimalProtocol-1991 Approved LF Protocol? 2004 Microencapsulation Work? Protocoll14 Protocoll16 ? Multikine I 117 ? Adjuvant Comparison Experiment #I Matr~ ? Ill and CPO Studies Infonnation on anthrax steering committee and progress and plans of investigators (including a. Anthrax steering committee proposal reviews o 2003 and b. Anthrax progress reports) F95-09 anthrax adjuvant study in monkeys Strain infonnation rPA steering committee infonnation (a. rPA research plan, user name bivins, password docsnivis4, b. Plans for FY2003 orPA, and c. rPA progress reports, Fall2003) CPO in guinea pigs Anthrax spore production proposal for 2004 Animal protocols Protocol113 oDetox and BaculoPA detox and delta-Steme PA Protocol121 135 oComparlson ofMDPH-PA wifu Alliydrogel-PA Visit and Studies byl I Spore studies wi~ I B97-04 2003 CPG Research Plan Strains tol I In-house strain transfers of anthrax spores "Old" fonnaldehyde study in rabbi~; animal protocol BOI?ll F09-02, Long-tenn monkey study (not yet in notebook [Ivins' note]) Long-tenn efficacy study -12 monfu rabbit study m.m data Brucelvim Bruce Ivins Bruceivim Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office All Ivins' office Most Ivins' office Page I Ivins' office All Ivins' office All Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Names not akeady identified as POVAccess Instances in which Ames was given to someone Shipping fonns Suspicious entries (abruptly stopping around ~/01?1 0/0 I) Anything withBa m~, A0462, BAI004, 74, 1029-1030 Storage locatiom USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011687Anthrax Page 67 of 1446 3 D94-09, 0.5, ), and 50 microgram PA vaccine in monkeys Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Brucelvim Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No !vim' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office All Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office All Ivins' office No Ivins' of!ice No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No !vim' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Ivins' office No Ivins' office All Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Comments Names not already identified as POYAccess Instances in whlch Ames was given to someone Shlpping forms Suspicious entries (abruptly stopping around 9/0 J.J om!) Anyfuing wiili Ba 7739, A0462, BAI004, 74, 1029-1030 Storage locations - ~studies bE ' ' tudy F96-17 oRabbi~ (active immnn~ation studies) study F96-16 ?active immunization stuilies ?monkeys MDPH Potency Data B97-0) 2003 rPA Research Plan Long-term efficacy 6-month D99-0~ ~sic) spore studies Research Plam ? ZUUl (a. Research Plans? Jan. 2001, b. Researcli Plan Review o2001) Anthrax SOPs and SSPs SEC o91l relief Experimental Protocols involving Ames strain 1987-1995 GLP studies (spores, etc.) GLP spores Making spores for MBPI ? BioPort Dugway spore information Harvesting spores? and GLP spore information (Dugway) 7fu Dugway shlpment Dugway? 5th spore shlpment Dugway? 4fu spore shlpment Dugway? 3rd spore shipment Dugway? 2nd spore shipment Dugway Spore Harves~ #I RMR 1029 ?Highly purified Ames spores? 3x10 to fue 13, safety office registration #2432 ?entry line BO, ID #7737, record 916 ?agent inventory system RMR I030 oAmes spores for F97 -0~ challenge SOPs? D94-09 Alternative vaccine delivery steering committee Mucosal Immunity Battelle Spores? 2004 B97-03, Strain stud~ I B99-03 Hamster studies Spore blebbing experiments j I 134 oAlhydrogeYMPL as an adjuvant for PA I lo USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011688Anthrax Page 68 of 1446 4 J3j oDieilianolomine PA versus Ammonium Acetate PA I ' B2 oEfficacyof different emulsions and PAin guinea pigs !strains PASSIMM3.LIT ACTIMM2 ?Experiment with! I OLDMPL.126 ?Efficacy test ofMPL +PAin Emulsion from June !992 Freezin~Storing/Lyoopl~ing (sic) buffer for PA Storage !25 ProtocoV124 ? PA and Emulsion IMPL !23 llive strains 122 Microencapsulated PA PASSIMM2 Expt c I Protocoll19 oMultikine 2 f~~parison ofMDPH-PA with Alliydrogel and PA MPL and PA ?Protection/Info. to Art Vaccines! Vaccine Canilloates Reports Presentation to vaccine working group? Oct '92 Passing out CR4and Processing PAl, PA2, PA7 Aro-1 and Aro-2 Monkey protocol bacterernias RAB-GP Rabbit study and G. pig study Summary statistical data for massive computation BAWG Ta~ -1999; ASM 19~~ Survivors 0/2 PBS, 9/10 Alhydrogel-PA,9/9 MDPH-AVA, D94-01 Adjuvan~ Used in Anthrax Vaccine Preclinical Studies and Vaccine Clinical Trials KIL-l, G. pig immunization cArc-strains Protocol137. Immunization clive and irradiated delta-Sterne (pPAI02) spores B6. LT stimulation by differentanilirax vaccines 2002 Research Plans Immunization wiili PA fragmen~ and other experiments q )-374 Vaccine Efficacy Studies-Protoco~ 9~?102; Protocol103 oPA titration Aro Experimen~ ~ J B90-03, 1990 Animal Protocols? G. pig immu~ation/LD505 Mouse safety of Aro KJL.2 ~xperimen~ ~arts 1?7) BOO?O~ mEncapsulated live vaccine trial witlf ? Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Bruce Ivins Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office All Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office All Ivins' office No Ivins' o!Tice No Ivins' o!lice No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' o!lice No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' oil1cc No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' oftice No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office No Ivins' office Some Comments Names not already identified as POYAccess Instances in which Ames was given to someone Shlpping forms Suspicious entries (abruptly stopping around 9/01-10/01) Anything withBa 77J9, A0462, BA!004, 74, 1029-1030 Storage locations ' ' USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011689Anthrax Page 69 of 1446 FD:302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o b7C Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION orne telephone number! I, was interviewed at the Federal Bureau of Investigations Officer After being informed of the identity of the interviewing Agents and the purpose of the interview~~~--------~lprovided the following information: is currently employed with ress w1t DOB~~----~~----------~ ~M~e-d~1~'c_a_l~R~e-s_e_a_r_c~h~I~n-s~t-J.~.t~u-t~e~of 1...::=====-11:.:n:::....,th--e-1 ' ~~------------~1 Within USAMRIIDA to the United States Army Diseases (USAMRIID). I primarily wqrked as a I I J within the ~------------~ I was assigned Infectious I I I believesD may have been involved in challenges using the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis (Ba)r-----l ~------------~~--~~~ but could not be sure since most test~s were not marked with particular strain information, nor was it a common practice fdthe Principle Investigators (PI) Doctors Bruce IVINS andl ___ r to inform the testin individuals of s~ strain types. If used Ames strain Ba elievesL___J more than likely worked with it in rooms and ,__ ..... 1 b7C b7F __ ~------~? ~l_________.....lcould not remember ever working for I lcould not remember ever working with Ames strain Ba made at or by Dugway Proving Grounds (DPG) Utah. 1 I 1 or with 1 b7C lbelievaae=l work~d with Ba conducting challenge studies in "hotside" rooms o-andl I I b7C b7F l~----~--~~stated r----------~B~e~f~o~r~e~O~c~t~o~b~e~r._~2~0~0.lw.o were 1nvo1ve d 1nmost d everyone on 1 ' conrqc t ' 1ng aeroso In-:estigation on File# by ?~-====--. b7C 01/28/2005 at I I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID / 18/oO Date dictated ~ I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 011690Anthrax Page 70 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~---------------------L----------- o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 01/28/2005 2 ,Page _ _ __ Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On the were but after October 2001, most of the.D to conduct testin on unknown mail ~~~~~~----------~~~~~~~--~~~--------~state occas1ons, challenges, but not t at on many e present during the experiments. ~--------~For challenge experiments, land otherl I lwould begin preparation for test1ng the week prior to the ~a-c~t-u-a-1--s~t~art of testing by decontaminating the work areas. Normal decontamination procedures involved the use of paraformaldahyde to decontaminate all work areas. At the start of testing,~~----------~ received all samples and animals into the hot area and transported them to the test area. For challenge experiments, agent samples were placed into all-glass im:ingers (AGI) and aerosolized into the test animal cages. I Jwould regularly collect air samples for later plating, to determine the quantity of aqent the animals were exposed to during the testinq. 1 I ~~~~------~----~~ remembers using anti-foam in aerosol challenges, but could not remember its brand-name or whether it contained silicone. Anti-foam was added to the AGI to keep materials inside? the nebulizer from bubbling over. lcould not provide any information concerning added materials since solutions for challenges were pre-mixed before being provided to the tepters. I I !knowledge of any substitutes for antifoam used 1n these aerosol challenges. conducted tests for BRUCE IVINS, during employment at USAMRIID, bur-~a~~n~o~~n~o~w~~~~~~~~~~1ng anti-foam or olive oil to their fhallenges. as already gone from USAMRIID when_ started working there. I I I believed after many of these challenges,~~--------------------------------------~ there was spore materials left over USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011691Anthrax Page 71 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~--------------------:: o ___________ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 01/28/2005 3 ,Page _ _ __ Continuation ofFD-302 of At the completion of the challenge, the remaining materials would be poured back into the original test tube and placed into the autoclave for destruction. To the best. of II knowledge, no ? o~e ever asked I for, or took, any of the ~t over material or plates out.~o-f__ t_h_e----~ hot area. I I Trash was the only item from the hot area which was taken to the basement for additional auto.claving. !believed the only access points for the basement included one stairwell and one elevator. I lnever observed anyone carr ing autoclave bags?out of the~ As stated previously, did not work at USAMRIID while was there. Therefore, could not comment on whether was ever around Building . I ....__-~~~~~ observed what Dbelieved to be .Plates containing Ba during late 2002, but could not be sure whether they were Ames strain or not. lhad no knowledge of olive oil qeing used il any testing or m1xtures during his tenure at USAMRIID. 1 ~ay have observed a container of olive oiJ on the coJd ~s-1~.d~e-,~b-u_t c_o~u.ld not provide any time frame on when __ remembered seeing a ~uart-sized, green-tinted bottle with some type of label. I Jbelieved this bottle was located in thel I suite, possibly suitel lbut could not provide any further ? details about the bottle. I !believed the bottle to contain olive oil only because it looked visually like a bottle of olive oil; butl 1never verified the bottle's contents. I I I USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011692Anthrax Page 72 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o rss o 01/28/2005 , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~======================~-------'On 4 ----'=:;:...._- ~--------~~ could not provide any information about the use of Bertelli brand olive oil in testing whilec==Jworked at USAMRIID. Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) was purchased by from a company called Gibco and came in lOX concentration solutions. was thrn diluted down with distilled water experiment. had no knowledge of the addition of the PBS or the use of anti-foam in relation to the silicon of the PBS. the case for each oil to content Any documentation about whether anti-foam was used or not in challenges would be located in laboratory SOPs at USAMRIID . .....__ _ _ ___,lwas not involved ~n any in November 1997, and did not observel during that same time period. of in Building the Ames c~allenres . b6 lhad no knowledge of anyone at USAMRIID .keeping left over challenge spore preparations and could not speculate on ~ho might do such a dangerous thing. I ~--------~lcould not provide any further information which might be related to the theft of Ames strain Ba from USAMRIID or to other ~spects of the mailings. Ba was delivered to~l----~~for challenge testing in double bagged, plastic 10 milliliter (ml) Falcon tubes. ~--~----~~believed the liquid Ba samples were mixed by the laboratory assistants for the testing primary researcher. ~--------~'observed Dr. IVINS mix samples on several occasions. All leftover samples were destroyed by double autoclaving. Testing samples were stored outside of the lab before testing, inside of the challenge hoods in test tube racks, and placed inside of autoclave bags at the completion of the challenges. Samples were always labeled with concentration information. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011693Anthrax Page 73 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04/ 0 6 /2 0 0 5 Pursuant to the AMERITHRAX investigation, a trash cover search regarding items discarded BRUCE IV~:s: was conducted on 04/01/2005 and 04/05/2005, at-his residence, Military Road, Frederick, Maryland. The items were discarde y IVINS at curbside for Frederick Department of Public Works (DPW) pickup on regularly scheduled trash pickup. The trash route for his residence was scheduled for Tuesday and Friday pickup. by 1 T ere was no trash placed at the curb at Military Road. Two trash pails were observed in the driveway, adjacent to the residence, but it was unknown whether or not they contained garbage. I b7E b7c b7 E I I F1ve olast1c baqs were collected from the residence of IVINSI .. I Investigation on File# by I 03/31/2005 at " Frederick, Maryland Date dictated " 04/06/2005 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -1174 SA SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011694Anthrax Page 74 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,On 03/31/2005 ,Page --2...- Item 1: Papers consisting of advertisements and information for an orchestra and events relating to the orchestra. Item 2: Information packet titled, "Friends Welcome" and 8.5 11 by 11" map of a resort community named Bethany Bay, with writing on the map. Item 3: Several printed e-mails sent to various recipients from~~--------------~lregarding an orchestral quartet. Item 4: Manila envelopes with names of orchestral quartet members printed on white labels. Item 5: One ziploc bag with brown residue, one empty box of gelatin mix, and one receipt from Lee Nails, 1700 King Fisher, Frederick, Maryland. USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011695Anthrax Page 75 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duplicab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Pag-e Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 32 33- b3, b6, b7C 34 ~ b3, b6, b7C 35- b3,. b6, b7C 36- b3,. b6, b7C 37 ~ b3, b6, b7C 38- b3, b6, b7C 39- b3, b6, b7C 40 -- b3, b6, b7C 41 - b3, b6, b7C 42 - b3, b6, b7C 43 ~ b3, b6, b7C 44- b3, b6, b7C 45- b3, b6, b7C 46 ~ b3, b6, b7C 89- b6. b7C 90- b6. b7C 165 ~Duplicate 166- Duphcate 167- Duphcate ! 68 ~Duplicate 169- Duplicate 170- Duplicate 171 ~Duplicate 172- Duplicate 173- Duplicate 174 ~Duplicate 175- Duplicate 176- Duplicate 177 ~Duplicate 178- Duphcate 179- Duphcate ! 80 ~Duplicate USAMRIID Section 1.pdf 011696Anthrax Page 76 of 1446 FD-1023 (Rev. 6-22-2007) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Confidential Human Source (CHS) Reporting Document Reporting Date: Case ID: 06/06/2008 o o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID (Pending) -1~0 (Pending) I b7D Contact Date: 06/05/2008 Type of Contact: Location: W~itten Telephonic Manassas, Virginia Other(s) by: Present:~------------------------~ SA Source Reporting: A Confidential Human Source (CHS) , who is NOT in a position to testify,?provided the following information: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland, employee, BRUCE IVINS, informed fellow employees that he has not been at work recently. IVINS, however, did not disclose the reason for his absence from work. reported that USAMRIID fax line number located in the office of I I 1--.-.- .,l_o_f,...f,...1"""' c...Je is pf USAMRIID' D1v1s1on. ~------------~ ----------~C~H~S~also lis I sl b6 b7C oo USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011697Anthrax Page 77 of 1446 t ,, FD-302 (Re1. 10-6-95) - 1- o I DATE 12-08-2008 BY 60324 UC BAVJ/DK/RYS FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription ) 06/25/2008 On June 6, 2008 ~ Social Securitv Account Number (SSAN) :I L t Date of B~rth (DOB) :I I ~--~1 was interviewed at t e Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Amerthrax Task Force Frederick, Maryland office. After being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview, as well as being reminded of a previous Non-Disclosure ~greemen~ For~had signed~ !provided the following ~nformat~?on: projecti I lwas asked to recall the ioint research lwas involved withl I 1-- 1-- I lwas tasked tol conduct research with Bacilus anthracis (Ba) .I I !obtained Ames Ba forr lresearch fram BRIJ.C.B\. IVINS . I I indicated that I Ito obtaiil'\Ba from IVINS since IVINS was the most know~edgeable 06/06/2008 at Investigation on File# Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \ ~0~ I SAl PII I ~--------------- N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. rl r,A.//7r~ ~1 USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011698Anthrax Page 78 of 1446 FD~302a (Re~. 10-6-95) o - l -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 06/06/2008 ,Page_-=--- USAMRIID scientist at the time oertainino to Ba. I I I I Concerning the topic of BRUCE IVINs,l expressed that IVINS's own behav[or since thj anthrax 1nvest1gation began has been self destructive._ _pointed to IVINS's self initiated environmental sampling shortly after the anthrax mailings as an example of IVINS own self destructive behavior. characterized IVINs? as a "fruitcake" and opined that IVINS has been somewhat of an antagonist for years at USAMRIID. explained that since the first Gulf War, IVINS and many other researchers at USAMRIID, because of the shift in research priorities, were forced basically to conduct many menial type laboratory tasks normally reserved for laboratory technicians, not Principal Investigators. This shift in everyday work responsibilities and func ions appeared to effect IVINS then a eared to be dis ru tled at times. I I I IVINS ten e to 1nternal1ze is frustration and would not confront anyone. According to~~-----~1 IVINS would hold a grudge and would not let it go. ~-~~-~~!continued thade::Jis not aware of any specific negative feelings IVINS may have towards politicians, New Yorkers, or any media outlets or media personalities. USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011699Anthrax Page 79 of 1446 FD~302a (Re~. 10-6-95) o --L------------1--------- ,On 06/06/2008 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --3...... is aware of IVINS editors. enchant for writing letters to various newspaper recalled that occasionally r IVINS rl 1 would make inappropriate references pertaining to the Jewish faith. ApparentlJ, according to! I for no reason whatsoever .1 _explained that the remarks were not necessarily derogatory in nature but described them as simply inapEropriate. Upon being advised by the interviewing agents that some significant discrepancies had been identified pertaining to -IVINS submission of various Ba slants in 2002 to the FBI repository (FBIR)I !commented that IVINS may have just been " ' " ~---~--~~-~~~advised that IVINS has been preparing slants for thirty-five (35) years. USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011700Anthrax . p Page 80 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o I oo Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 06/19/2008 b7C also known ~s~----~--~~ Social Securlty Account .ffiber (SSAN) :I j Date o (DOB) I I was interviewed as pre-arranged ?n the morning of May 28, 2oo8.1 lwas already familiar with the identity of the interviewing asents. After being advised of the nature of the interview,! jprovided the following information: advised that since the November \oo7, Federal Bureau of~-I-n_v_e_s~tigation (FBI) interviews of BRUCE IVINS and the searches of IVINS's work space at the United Stat~s Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRII~), everybody at USAMRIID has been quiet and scared. IVINS has not been at work for the past several weeks and the general consensus among USAMRIID--,.~~~ employees is that IVINS is out of work on some kind of medical /c:l.~. disability/ possibly related to having some kind of nervous ' breakdown[ I advised that the majority of USAMRIID employees ??~~--~ feel bad for IVINS. ~------~~~--,_~!indicated thatr--lhas not sooken to IVINS rtlme frame and thatl sine~ I the I I had spoKen to ~v~~o sometlme ln December 2007 and a~vised IVINS to keep his enemies close to him as "you never can tell who your supporters are." Investigation o.n 05 8 at _F_r_e_d_e_r_i_c_k-=----=------------------ File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- ~ ~~I I \<6 0'1 Date dictated N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011701Anthrax Page 81 of 1446 t FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o . o b7C ~---,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of 05/28/2008 ,Page _ __.::.__ _ ~~~~!elaborated that when trying to analyze IVINS thought and behavioral process one needs to comprehend the anthropological aspect of a person and completely immerse oneself in his personality. I ~dvised that investigators need to understand that IVI~s 1s a conspiracy theorist and is someone who is very nervous and paranoid .1 .,. ~xplained IVINS behavior of pointing the finger at others 1s s1mply the result of IVINS being put in a "pressure cooker" and having no other alternative. elaborated that IVINS has been under a lot of strain and pre~s~s~u~r~e~ over the recent years. Partly due to the anthrax letter investigation, but also due to the over-all climate at USAMRIID since the late 1990s and early 2000s. - During this time frame USAMRIID's research emphasis and subsequent funding began to shift from vaccine reJated research to therapeutic related research. According this aspect along with the pressures of the FBI investigation caused IVINS to go into a "preservation" ype behavior whereby he responded to this t e ressure b t or blaming others, such as for the anthrax-laced lettekr~~~~1~n~g~s~.--------------------.-====~~ I tol I --,...-~~ advised tha t.,...,.,!o.ilo:iii-..liiiwolo""""""~...._-F approximately the same time stories abo~u~td-------------------------~~~~~~~~~~~~~------; employees. L..l IVINS still occasionally brings up the namel land implies thatl I could e the mailer o the anthrax letters. IVINS would oint and others who would listen that on second Up until as recently as November 20~2 I !advised that t e anthrax lace le'ters was to hurt the institution (USAMRIID) . ~--------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011702Anthrax Page 82 of 1446 FD~302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 1----- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On 05/28/2008 ,Page--=--- advised that back in thec===J to~~e~a.r~._--~~~----~ work group, consisting of IVINS ~~~~~~~~~~ was a very tight knit group. ~u~p~o~n~~e~~g--a~v~~'?s~e~d~ .-..;;.;.;.;....;........;............;.;;..;..;;o;..........;.;........;.;___;;a.;;.;;l;;.;;s'"'"o"---1cast suspicion to FBI investigators , hat mav hav!f! been responsible for the adthraxetter rna~ ~ngs,l Jexpressed disa ointment and s r rise that IVINS pointed the finger at indicated that over the ~~~~~~~~~e~a~r~d~~IV~I~N~S~e~x~p~r-e~s~s such a belief and in fact, name rarely ever came up in conversation, even in conversat~on at various s s 1 ently liked to joke.~~~~~~~~~ according to IVINS ~~~~~o~n~e~s~u~s~pect while IVINS~~._------~==~~~ five. According to IVINS, anthrax investigation susp~e~c~~~~st. I employeel bright ana I was asked t0 _g_i ve capao~e1 J indicated D opinions of former USAMRIID thatl lwas a very I -~- . ~------~=======l~r~e~~~?t,erated I is that IVINS's pointing the finger at surprising but not shocking.r--l explained L,t...,h_a....,t:--=Iv=I~N~S~,-s--.;-b-e'""l'h_a_v-~':"".o_,r i's like that of a trapped anim~l I to this day, does not believe that IVI~S had anything to do with the anthrax mailings. Reflecting back,[ !recalled that IVINS "took a lot of heat" for his involvement in conducting unauthorized and self initiated environmental sampling of various Bacteriology Division work space shortly after USAMRIID received the anthrax USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011703Anthrax Page 83 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6-95) o o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of L _______________ J - - - - 05/28/2008 ,Page _ _ 4=--- laced letters for analysis. I expressed that was of the belief that IVINS conducted the unauthorized environmental sampling simply out of concern for the safety of USAMRIID personnel and for no other reason. As the interview continued/! lwas given the opportunity to review several e-mail communications authored by IVINS over the past several years whereb IVINS fre uentl refers the e-mails make IVINS a D (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the communication is this e-mail) FD~340 associated with this an l eas Wl possibilities as to created.! varlous various eorles was including~t~h~e-=n~o~t~l~o~n~t~h~a~t~~ using a drying agent such as acetone. over the years 1 particularly in the late 1990 1 s and early 2000 frame 1 IVINS has appeared to become jealous ofl !Jealous in sense that IVINS is resentful that due to the shif priorities from vaccine to (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is this e-mail) ~----~~indicated that for many years IVINS had been the number one Bacteriology researcher at USAMRIID as far as being able to write proposals and obtain subsequent funding for research projects. [ I further clarified that as a resu t in the shift in research strategies, researchers like IVINS and were at a disadvantage.. Whereas because of the funding obtaln y researchers like IVINS andl !use to pay the salaries of the USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011704Anthrax Page 84 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~~--------------------~~ , On Bacteriology scientists, he still currently 0 5/2 8 /2 0 0 8 , Page _......:5::....__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of lsimply commented that IVINS is osentful ofl~ and is stewi~[:::fernally .1 Ireiterated that feels bad or IVINS and tha really likes him a lot. I I while outwardly laughing at the many anthrax 1nvest1gat1on Jokes, 1n retrospect has been 1nternal1z1ng the joking around and letting it bother him. I !indicated that although IVINS appears to have been bothered by the many jokes leveled at him and the investigation, he also never spoke up or suggested that the joking stop. ;, In fact, IVINS often was right in the middle of the jokes, frequently as the instigator. (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is this e-mail) In an e-mail datedl suspicion onl I IVINS I I wherebv IVINS cast I ~--------~-~-------------~lhas not personally benefitted financiall but that USAMRIID as a whole has benefitted. (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is this e-mail) USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011705Anthrax Page 85 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L---------------...1--,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of 05/28/2008 ,Page _ _;6=-- I I I I ad.VJ.Sed. tna~L_j dJ.d not dJ.SCUSS the morphological . . similarities of the anthrax evJ.dentJ.ary powders WJ.th that of the Ba obtained from IVINS publicly until sometime after the Vanity Fair article ~ddressing this same issue was published. (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication are the two photocopies of Ba shown tol I USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011706Anthrax Page 86 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of L--------------...J----- ,On 0 5 I 2 8 I 2 0 0 8 , Page _ _7.:.___ ~----~lwas asked to opine on IVINS's frequent and lengthy late night activity in the hot suites at USAMRIID during the mailing window of the anthrax-laced letters.! lopined that although unusual 1 IVINS has always worked frequent late night hours in the hot suites.! !advised that even in the very recent pastr IVINS still continued to come into USAMRIID at?very odd hours. even spoke to IVINS about his ? continu1ng to draw attent1on to himself by working odd and late night hours e=9nd 'nformed IVINS that his behavior was self destructive. did not offer an opinion as to the lack of justification provided investigators pertaining to his late night hot suite activity.! !expressed that IVINS was possibly attempting to "spring a trap" on investigators by constantly casting suspicion on other researchers at USAMRIID. IVINS has not divulged any information to ~----~.--d~l~.c-a-t~i-v_e__ o~f~I~V~I=N~S having any kind of mental health issues. opined that because of the advent of USAMRIID's Personal Responsibility Program (PRP), employees are l e s s o to divulge such personal information for fear of reprisal. advised that until November 2007 1 nobody at D would have~ flagged" IVINS as a person of interest. advised thatL__jhas not had an communications with IVINS since lS OW 1 anu~----~ ._1 low morale to the recent "DAG" inspection . - - - : - 1 indicated that USAMRIID employees are angry and ready to leave in droves as a result of managements current decision making process described as "Does it pass the Washington Post test?" Meaning is there a politically correct aspect to scientific research problems. USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011707Anthrax Page 87 of 1446 .. ('. ' ,. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~opined o b6 ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of --L--------------..J---- 05/28/2008 ,Page_......;;;..._ _ that whomever mailed the anthrax-laced letters m~e possessed and prepared the anthrax powder quite some time prior to September 11, 2001. I lwas also of the opinion that if the anthrax-laced letters originated from USAMRIID then the act of preparing the anthrax powder and loading the envelopes would have to be done in a class 3 hood in Building~!~-~ Whoever perpetrated the maili~n~sLJh~a~d~t~_n~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ertainin c arac er1ze e an rax pow er as ~--~~~~~~~~r~e~1~t~e~r~a~t~ed that the anthrax mailings were very premeditated. I !opined that the anthrax-laced letter that was mailed to Florida is the 11 odd ball 11 mailing and that investigative efforts should hone in on that mailing. b6 In closing rl I reiterated that does not believe that IVINS had anything to do with the anthrax-laced letters and opined that all the e-mails whereby IVINS is. casting suspicion on those around him is simply IVINS's way of getting back at USAMRIID and is a result of his suffering from some form of paranoia.! opined that IVINS is just trying to protect himself. D I USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011708Anthrax Page 88 of 1446 'o ---- Working Copy ---279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Page 1 I The following investigation was conducted on July 16-17, 2008, by Special Agentl lof the Federal Bureau of Investigation: As previously reported trash cover operations have been conducted in support of the above ca tioned investigation and one such operation recovered Division Alert Roster for civilian personnel ass~gne to t e same at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRIID Fort Detrick, Maryland. IL-~----------~~ database queries onj associated with this Alert Roster were co~n~a~u~c~t~e~a~b~y~~ It should be noted that in some instances derogatory will be addressed under separate communication(s). ~--------~T~h~r~ough b6 b7E investigation the following USAMRIID ~----------~!Division personnel are further defined as: Ca.se ID : 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial : 1814 USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011709Anthrax Page 89 of 1446 ---- Working Copy ---- Page 2 LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: IVINS BRUCE USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011710Anthrax Page 90 of 1446 ---- Working Copy ---- Page 1 Precedence: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 8/05/2008 To: Washington Field From: SA~--------------~ AMERITHRAX-2 Laboratory ORS/ Hazardous Materials Response Unit Contact: SSAI~------------------------------~ b7C Approved Byd~------------~ Drafted By: Case ID #: . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ (Pending) 279A-WF-222936~USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184; OO:WF. Synopsis: FBI Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU) assets provided safety, scientific/ and logistical support for the searches of multiple sites at the United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID), Fort De~r~ck;IMaryland and a single family residence to include up to vehicles located atc==JMilitary Roadr Frederick/ Mary an on November 1-2, 2007 as requested by the Washington Field Division. Reference: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 b7C Serial 1763. Details: The Washington Field Division provided the following background information to HMRU. Analysis of the spores used in the Fall 2001 anthrax attacks identified the organisms to be the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. The anthrax spore powders recovered from the anthrax letters addressed to the New York Post (Post) and Tom Brokaw (Brokaw) contain low levels of a non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant. The nonanthracis Bacillus contaminant has not been detected in the anthrax spore powders recovered from the envelopes mailed to either Senators Leahy or Daschle. Originally, the species of the non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant was incorrectly identified by multiple laboratories/ however, upon thorough characterization and genetic sequencing, the contaminant was identified to be a strain of Bacillus subtilis. This is a significant factor for the search operations outlined herein. Since Bacillus organisms can be misidentified to belong to other Bacillus species, the guideline for the collection of cultures consistent with the Bacillus contaminant will be to collect Case ID : 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial : 1815 USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011711Anthrax Page 91 of 1446 - -- Working Copy ---non-anthracis Bacillus cultures. Bacillus subtilis is a non-pathogenic bacterium found ubiquitously in the environment. However, genomic DNA sequencing of the specific isolate of Bacillus subtilis discovered within the Post and Brokaw anthrax powders reveals that it is genetically distinct from other known isolates of Bacillus subtilis. Analyses of the Bacillus subtilis from both the Post and the Brokaw envelopes revealed that these two isolates are identical. USAMRIID is a military research institute located on the Fort Detrick, U.S. Army Post in Frederick, Maryland. Prior to the anthrax attacks in the Fall of 2001, USAMRIID was one of sixteen (16) U.S. laboratories which possessed the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of more than 1,000 Ames samples from the sixteen (16) laboratories has led investigators to conclude that the Bacillus anthracis used in the anthrax letter attacks was derived from a sample known as RMR-1029. At the time of its creation, RMR-1029 consisted of a large batch of pure, highly concentrated, Bacillus anthracis Ames spores, assembled for the purpose of conducting numerous anthrax aerosol challenges at USAMRIID. RMR-1029~stored in thel I containment suite within Building of USAMRIID under the custody and control of Dr. Bruce E war s Ivins. The Bacillus subtilis contaminant is not detected in RMR-1029 by phenotypic or genetic analyses. It is not known how the Bacillus subtilis contaminant came to be in the Post and Brokaw spore powders. Since the contaminant is not found in RMR-1029 and not found in the spore material mailed to Senators Leahy and Daschle, it is reasonable to conclude that the contaminant was introduced during the growth process of the evidentiary material. Taken together, the presence of the Bacillus subtilis contaminant, and the phenotypic differences of the evidentiary spore powders, it is presumed that, on two separate occasions, a sample of RMR-1029 was used to grow spores, dried to a powder, packaged in an envelope with a threat letter, and mailed to the victims. In November of 2006, upon consent provided by USAMRIID Command, strains of Bacillus subtilis, were collected from Dr. Ivins's stock collection. All of the collected samples compared negatively to the Bacillus subtilis contaminant isolated from the Post and Brokaw envelopes. In June of 2007, upon consent provided by USAMRIID Command, environmental samples were collected froml lspace and equipment; but, ultimately compared negatively to the evidentiary Bacillus subtilis contaminant. On November 1-2, 2007, the Washington Field Office (WFO) AMERITHRAX Squads, with assistance from the Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU) , the Evidence Response Team (ERT), the Hazardous Materials Response Team (HMRT), and the Computer Analysis Response Team (CART) conducted searches of Page 2 b7F USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011712Anthrax Page 92 of 1446 ---- Working Copy ---the residence of Dr. Ivins, his vehicles, and his work and office spaces within building 1425 of USAMRIID. Page 3 The searches began in the evening hours in an attempt to minimize interference and contact with USAMRIID personnel, and possible media exposure of the searches and search personnel. As such, all discussions regarding these searches were treated as Law Enforcement Sensitive and only shared with those persons with a clear need to know. FBI Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU) assets provided safety, scientific, and logistical support for the searches of multiple sites at the United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort De~ Maryland and a single family residence to include up tol____j vehicles located at c==]Military Road, Frederick, Maryland on November 1-2, 2007 as requested by the Washington Field Division. As such the HMRU considers this lead covered. LEAD(s): Set Lead 1: (Info) WASHINGTON FIELD (AMERITHRAX-2) AT WASHINGTON DC Read and Clear. USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011713Anthrax Page 93 of 1446 (Rev. 06-04-2007) o ROUTINE Washington Field Washington Field ~NOFORN o Date: 08/18/2008 b7C FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: AMX-2 Contact: IU) I Approved By: Drafted By: IU) I ()} I L....----------rl:r' I SA IL----r------------1 Case ID #: Title: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 (Pending) ~1 g> J 1 (:&) (~ lUI Synopsis: lUI To update captioned investigation. ~) Reference: ( ) (S s s (U) s s (S ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (S) lUI 279A-WF-222936, Serial 6584 279A-WF-222936-IT, Serial 12 279A-WF-222936-IT, Serial 669 279A-WF-222936-LEAD 1 Serial 753 279A-WF-222936-POI, Serial 995 279A-WF-222936-POI 1 Serial 1347 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Serial 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 Serial 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Serial 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Serial 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Serial 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 Serial 279A-WF-222936-302, Serial 988 279A-WF-222936-302, Serial 4372 279A-WF-222936-302, Serial 4867 485 489 1098 1207 1243 1578 Details: (SJ9 Pursuant to Major Case 184, investigative efforts sought to identify those countries possessing the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis; the bacterium responsible for the disease anthrax, and the same bacterium used in the anthrax-laced letter mailings of 2001. On 12/12/2001/ thel I office, as well other numerous FBI offices, were directed to ~/NOFORN USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011714Anthrax Page 94 of 1446 To: IU) ~afohington Re: ??~ Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/18/2008 o ~/NOFORN o conduct comprehensive interviews at foreign Universities and entities handling virulent Bacillus anthracis or possessing the capabilities to handle ? ? 222936-IT Serial 12 . IU) I C8/NF) While numerous domestic and foreign institutions and entities have been identified as possessing the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis, investigative efforts to date have identified one domestic institution, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, as necessitating additional investigative scrutiny. USAMRIID has been identified as being one such U.S. repository for the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracisJ 1995 and 2001, twenty-one foreign nationals from the. _ J have been identified as visiting USAMRIID. In~o-r~e-r~t~o determine if thel !visitors had access to the Bacteriology Division containment suites housing the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis the investigation took a tripartite approach to the matter: (1) Exhaustive database queries from within the FBI and outside the FBI were conducted to determine if any of the 21 individuals had any International Terrorism (IT) or Foreign Counterintelligence (FCI) nexus, (2) their USAMRIID point of contacts (POCs) were throughly interviewed and/or investigated, and (3) the J Jwas interviewed, if warranted. B:twee: I lUI ~ The database queries referenced supra were conducted first and have been documented under a separate heading (279A-WF-222936-LEAD, Serial 753). IU) 'W) The 'l=l to visit USAMRIID by these 21 foreign nationals from thel~----~--------~~=-~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lean be directlv related to seven (7) USAMRIID POCs. I I ~~--~~~~~~1-=T~h~r~o~u~g:h~i~n~t~e.rview(s) determined thatl 1 and I and investioation it was I b7C I ~/NOFORN 2 USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011715Anthrax Page 95 of 1446 To: Re: ItT I Washington Field From: Washington Field 1S'J 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/18/2008 o ~NOFORN o b6 b7D positions at USAMRIID and did not have access to locations at USAMRIID known to contain the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. Furthermore as it relates to their foreign visitor(s) from the lwas escorted while at USAMRIIDI I U) 00 For the remaininq four (4)1 I IU I (~I U) ~I I ItT I . '6sJ I ~OFORN 3 USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011716Anthrax Page 96 of 1446 (U) To: ~~shington Re: (~) Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/18/2008 o ~/NOFORN o lUI lUI'"??????????????? ~ Unless or until such evidence or allefatio~(s) are discovered, no further investigation of saidl _ fore~gn visitors to USAMRIID is warranted . oo ~OFORN 5 USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011717Anthrax Page 97 of 1446 (' FD-302 (Rev. 10?6-95) - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 07/21/2008 Social Security Account SSAN) :1 I Date ~irth (DOB) :! interviewed as pre-arranged on the morning of July 21, 2008.1 ~as already familiar with the identity of the interview1ng agents. After being advised of the nature of the interview,! ~rovided the following information: ~~~--~----~~===---~~~~~a=l~s~o~k~n~o~w~n~~as I I Prior to any questiopingl lwas advised of~ IVINS's recent behavior and ~' s unspecific thlreats :o possibly harm ~se around him or those Wtto work with him.. Jindicated that L_jhad already heard "through the grapevine" at USAMRIID that IVINS's doctor had reported to law enforcement authorities that s going to hurt himself and others.! I assumed thatc::J could possibly'be a person IVINS would purportedly target. dvised that the day before IVINS was escorted from USAMRIID by law enforcement officials,r--lhad crossed paths with IVINS at USAMRIID and that IVINS appeafearto be in good spirits and tha~ IVINS was actually singing in the hallways. ___ . . lwas asked to recall a specific incident which took~--~ place at USAMRIIDI !pertaining tol !submission of a Bacillus antEirac~s (Ba) sample known as Ames Spores I 1. I !specifically recalled the sample in question and also recalled some of the yariovs issues andhl" cumstances pertaining to this ?" submission.! Jadvised that had previousl been uestioned by Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI) agents~~--~~------~--~ pertaining to this precise Ba sample and at this time had turned over to the interviewing agents an e-mail from IVINS pertaining to this submission matte~ was shown a copy of the e-mail from IVINS tol____j~ith the subject line, "Ames strain recoln1fed the e-mail and confirmed it as appearing o e same e-mail had turned over to FBI in a previous interview. . I Investigation on ----~~-------- 07/21/2008 at Frederick, Maryland N/A o b6 by ____ ~----------------_J--------------------------------------------------i This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of'the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. .----------, f/d;V~ .."1 USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011718Anthrax Page 98 of 1446 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o .........._ _ _ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of 07/21/2008 ,Page --'2"---- ~----------------------------~ 1 I J.ndJ.cated that Ba samp.Le I I was notl 1 ( J.. e. never onl I inventory) and that c::Jwas not c~oing any type of research with this sample .I !reiterated that was simply doing IVINS a favor by looking for it in Building advised that was unable to locate the sample in question ~laboratory space in Buildingr---1 (room advised that sJ.ncec==Jcould not locate the s~~ rT~c-a~1~1-f~d~tTh-a~t--~ IVINS came in to USAMRIID over the weekend in Building and also could not locate the sample.! !advised that IVINS. could not look for the sample in thel !laboratory suites over the weekend because IVINS did no have access (PIN code) to those suites. I !advised that the! !suites inl lwould have been accessible only to those that had a PIN code for those suites, and IVINS did not have a PIN code tol !knowledge. =-~B~a~o~v~er II D I? recalled that ~fter not being able to locate the? the weekend NS the following Monday, asked to o into the b7C F at IVINS requent y use room materJ.a preparation for animal challenges but that had to be allowed access to the suites (i.e. some one have to let him into room re-iterated IVINS did not have a PIN cpde to the hot-side of USAMRIID Building! I ?upon further review of the IVINS 1 e-mail mentioned above, that c::Jdid not find it unusual for IVINS to be ~u~n~c~e~r~tain of the parentage of the Ba sample in question.! I. reiterated that because several years had elapsed since this incident,r--lcould not recall all of the SP.ecific details surroun~i~his sample and its submi sionr--1 went on to advise that to recollection once loca1:'e'ct sample I I the material was given subsequently prepared slants of the material and submitte t e s ants to the FBIR.I !opined that once had located the material! !either handed it to ......,...____---'~or simply placed it in! I refrJ.gerator in room advised that after preparing the slants 'he could not recall I advised b7C D ~--------~ USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011719Anthrax Page 99 of 1446 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o wou o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~------------------'!----- ,On 0 7 /21 /2 0 0 8 , Page _ _..:3:::.__ specifically whatahad done with the tube of remaining but believed that turned over the remainin Ba to FBI ave ocumentat~on or 1n 1cate the transfer of the Ba from~---~ whomever! !advised thatc::Jwas fairly certain that b2 transfer the remaining Ba material to IVINS because that would have b7F created unnecessary paperwork documenting~ansfer of Ba from one buildin to another (Building I I to L _ _ _ J I I a l s o .-----. ~-~---~~-~~may have destro~e rema1n~~ut willl records to determine if any documentation exists which wou+i~u----~ .___c_o_r~roborate either the destruction (autoclave) or the transfer of I the remaining Ba .I r I )asked i~ recalled receiving FBI i~struct~ons pertainixlg co cne submission of Ba samples to the FBIR .. L advised thatc:J did receive instructions and as a matter of fact, !advised thatc:Jdisagreed.with some of the methods outlined in .__t h_e_s~ubmission instructions. rn?particular,l __ !disagreed with the instructions that dealt with the thawing of material before submitting the slants to the FBIR. It wasl I belief?that the viability of the material is significantly decreased by 90% to 95% each and every time thawing is achieved. r b7C .__v_o_r~t-e_x_t~-e-m-a~t-e_r_1_a~-.~I~ 1 t e mater1a 1s 1n a tu e, wou the Ba material is in a flask,c::Jwould swirl and loop the material and would run fluid in the p1pette up? c;.nd down to mix it .1 I indicated ~haQwould fin~ ~t very. 11 odd 11 1f someone had not svnrled the mater1al pr1or to ?obta1n~ng an ? aliquot and placing onto a slan~. ~~r~~"M1~~~~c~o~n~ld~-u~c~te~d~r~esearch on the evidentiary anthrax powder and I hypothesized that because! lat USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011720Anthrax Page 100 of 1446 \ ~D-J02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 1 - - - - - , On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-BEI Continuation ofFD-302 of 0 7 /21/2 0 0 8 , Page ___:=Ll=-- ~----------------------------~ conducted research utilizing other separate stocks of Ba material that cross contamination occurring between all of these samples was a distinct possibility~ !advised that back during the anthrax laced letter mailing time frame, security and the movement of people and biological material in and out of USAMRIID was significantly more lax that it is today. !recalled the sam les previously maintained in the cold room ~----~------~~ were anthrax samples named These samples were de.stroyed when the cold room was c~~~r-o~u~t~~s~o~m~e years ago. (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this? communication is the e-mail referenced throughout this report as well as the USAMRIID floor plans thatl lviewed whereby! identified the location of the flask and its storage in USAM'~R~I~I~D~ building I b2 b7F I I USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011721Anthrax Page 101 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted 27- b2, 28 ~ b2, 29- b2. 30- b2. 31 ~ b2, 32- b2, 33- b2, 40 -- b6, Page(s) - Z b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b7C, b7D USAMRIID Section 2.pdf 011722Anthrax Page 102 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field ?rom: Washington :ield Office 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIC, 09(06/2006 file discuss the Biosurety plan ed by the Department of Jefense. Plan is meant ~o better secure biological s by performing investi ions into the scientific researchers who work with the agen~s. Four ~~les bookmarked. Bruce's Health - file where Ivins discusses his hea_th. file bookmarked. Bruce's Swabb file discussing Ivins' unau~horized environmental swabbing at USAMR:IO. 22 files bookmarked. Bruce's server archive - additional information saved by Ivins. 44 f les bookmarked. ~:~-~f~l~.~l-e-s~bookmarked. One 1- files that discuss USAMRI:D researcher t:..on. Two Covance - files that discuss the Covance files bookmarked. DMID - files tha~ discuss the DMID project that Ivins worked on. Two files bookmarked. Dugway - files discussing Dugway in general or the contract where USAMRIID paid Dugway to Ames spores. 98 files bookmarked. FOIA - Freedom Of Informa~ion Act information surrounding FOIA requests of USAMRIID. 15 files bookmarked. :allow Up files that represent items that need _o be investigated further. 79 files bookmarked. ~he ._______.Iof Ivins. files discussing .__~-.:---------------------------------_. Five files bookmarked. ~------------------------------------~ Inventory - listings of USAMR!ID select agent inventories. Ten files booknarked. I NO~ PR:KTED listings of USA~R:ID select s that are dif~~cult to crint beca~se of their Fou~ files bookm~rked. ~~------~~ ~~______.....r files discussing the potentia: Six files bookmarked. ~----------------~ ~ransfer of Ames Ba ~o ~~----~r files discuss l3 files bookmar:..::ed. 5 USAMRIID Section 3.pdf 011723Anthrax Page 103 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10?6?95) oo - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C ~--------._____~w~a~s~~~~ about an aerosol exposure performed on could not explain why there was no aerosol ~e~x~p--o~s~u~r~e--s~e~e~t~-0-r~t~a~t~particular exposure. It is possible that either the aerosol e~osure sheet was never taken out of the suite, or that it was acc?~entally filed in another binder. RUCE VINS would commonly provide Bacillus anthracis (Ba) spores fo, use in aerosol challenges.r----lbelieves that when IVINS would p epare Ba spores for a challenee;-he would bring over enough material for a specific aerosol exposure or set of exposures and that the bulk of Ba s:ores would be stored in thel I I Jsuites in building I I b b6 ~--~lwas aware that a large batch of Ba Ames strain spores were produced at Dugway Proving Grounds (DPG) for use in anthrax vaccine research and development.! !indicated that for the purposes ofl lAmes spores were Ames spores. It did not matter to them if they were produced at DPG or USAMRIID.I lwould not know where the Ba Ames spores being used in a given aerosol exposure were produced. I ldoes not know at what time point IVINS switched from using Ba Ames spores produced at USAMRIID to Ba Ames spores produced at DPG. 1 I lwas shown four (4) copies of photographs of a one (1) liter flask labeled~ "0ct97, GLP Ames Spores, Left 160ml-4/21, 7737 RMR 1029, 11 by SAl ldoes not recall ever seeing the flask in Bul dlng 1412. The copies of the photographs are maintained in the corresponding 1A envelope. Investigation on -----''-----'------ 02/22/2006 at Frederickr Maryland Date dictated File # ..;;2;.,;7_:;9;.;:.A:--...:.W.:.::F,_--=2;:.:;2;:.:;2;:..;:9:;..:3~6~-....:U.:.:S::.:AM=R~I=-I=-=D=----..:.\;::5::::._0=-~~::::....._--- by -L----------1----5 ~~I N/A I ~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011724Anthrax Page 104 of 1446 FrJ~302 (Re:. 10-6-95) .? o ( ' - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION DATE 12-12-2008 BY 60324 UC BATAT/DK/P.Y:::: 03/03/2006 ..-------, On March 3 2006 rl I dfte of birth I lsocial security n u m b e r l w a s interviewed at ~p-l~a-c-e---o~f~employment 1 the United States A~edical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA) Building[.___....] Ffrt Detrick.~ Maryland 1 work telephone numberl . After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interviewr I !provided the following information: I d D 1 G;) I I has I Idegree in I I and began employment at the Un1ted States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick Marvlandl I D b7C was vaccinated a ainst Bacillus anthracis A copy the lA Investigation on ----~~-------- 03/03/2006 at Fort Detrick Date dictated ~------------------ N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. . USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011725Anthrax Page 105 of 1446 'i'. FD'-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I o , Page_..;;;;;___ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of L ______J - - - - - - - - - - - - , On 03/03/2 0 0 6 briefly lef..~..t--~.ot.uh.~;;;e....,interview to search computer for any RMR-related files. I returned with 15 pages of RMR data. However, all data was taken directly from the same linformqtion shown tol lbv the interviewina aaents D I I USAMRIID office was 1 f"l("';:d?Ari in 'Rni 1 tii nrr I I To the best of hot suites. D recollection, I Inever ~--~ entered any !initially believed !physically counted the samples and verified their locat'ion. !he ~nterviewing a1:nts ~hen showed! Ia copy of USAMRIID floor ~lans for Building A copy ot the floor plans shown tol ]is maintained in t e 1A section of the file. The interv1ewing agents discreetly showed r====:lRMR 1029 on the spreadsheet, listed as stored in Building c==fRoom I Iremarked that Roomrl was part of the Bacteriology Section and that, to the bes~l !recollection, ad never been into any Bacteriology rooms. It is possible went into Room to verify the location of RMR 1029, but _______ s~todian of RMR 1029, BRUCE IVINS, would most likely have told lthe location of RMR 1029. I lwould have taken IVINS' word ana probably would not double check IVINS' truthfulness. I I D I one o search was 1n Bu1lding ~ !advised the interviewing agents thatr--lwould computer for additional files of RMR-rela~information USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011726Anthrax Page 106 of 1446 Fo"-30ia (Rev. 10-6-95) i o . o o 03/03/2006 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -t__ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - - - - ,On -3- and would recontact the interviewing agents ifc=]were successful at finding additional files. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011727Anthrax Page 107 of 1446 ' ~Rev. {Jl-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 03/06/2006 Washington Field Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: I Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: ~------------------------~ (Pending)-\~~\ AMERITHRAX; MAJOR ?CASE 184 Synopsis: Report results of the investigation regarding locations the Ames strain of Bacillus'?nthracis (Ba) was stored, at the United States Army Medical Resea}ch Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Building 1412 and Building 1425, Fort Detrick, Maryland. of the investi ation into investigators lntervlewe persons possession during that time. Individuals were chosen if the Ames in their possession matched genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of those of the Ba found in the anthrax-laced letters. References made to the "hot side" refer to a containment area in the building where infectious microorganlsms were being handled and contained, and where special protective equipment was required to reduce the risk of exposure. The "cold side'' refers to the remaining areas of Building[ including areas where there is little or no risk of exp~sute to infectious materials, as well me BSL-3 laboratories. The location~concern in Buildin were: room hot side suitel__j (cold side room (hot side), r~w.....L.----------,..'"!"'1"""~--.......J (hot side) , ~~~~~~~--e~lr b7F I u'r'...~.o-~.l..l..lOi~---.The loc':'a-:;:t~i~o~n~s~o~f~c~o~n~c~e~r~n~l,...n~F~u-l.....,...~ suite suitec:::J suiteL Information was collected from the following eight persons via interview and/or review of FD-302's fro~ ;rior interviews: ~~~~~~~~~~~(USAMRIID),f __ _ (USAMRI~to~)-,fr---------------~ (USAMRIID), (USAMR! D >i. _______~~ ~--------------------~ b7C = USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011728Anthrax Page 108 of 1446 c To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/28/2006 e e I ~ated Ames from Ivins' labQrafory was not stored in roomc==J the walk-in cooler. I :stated that there were no freezers or refrigerators that conta1ned Ames in the hallways of Building 1425 3 o I I stated roomD was used as a pre- and postexposure ~room for aerosol challenges. I ldid not store any material in room I I the walk-in cooler, although I I leftover material from aerosol challenges may have been stored there. I Inoted that I ~tored Ba in a freezer in the hot hallway of Building! lcould no~vide specific information regardino Ames storage in rooml___j the w -?n ooler but believedL lmay have stored Ba there. did perform Ba sprays in Building I I Suite while Building 1412 was down for renovations (possibly up until late 1999) 5 o b7F l I ldid not store Ames in Building 1412, rooml ~----~lcould not provide any information about Ames actuall~y----~ being stored in any of the other locations in question 7 o Information from Ivins was gathered from a review of FD-302's from prior interviews. Ivins did not recall being in room r l the walk-in cooler. No other information was available regarcting the storage of Ames for the locations in question 8 o 2 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011729Anthrax Page 109 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/28/2006 e e b7C review of ~~~--~lcould not ~~~~hile in Building the walk-in cooler? ~~~f~r~o~m~a , The attached chart provides a summary of the above information, gathered from interviews and review of FD-302's. Attached hereto and considered part of this document is the above mentioned chart. 1. FD-302 2. FD-302 3. FD-302 4. FD-302 5. FD-302 1479 6. Review 7. FD-302 8. Review of of~----------~~I(Oct.17,2005) of of of o ffl 0 l(oct.l7,2005) - POI Serial 1483 - USAMRIID Serial 1426 I(Oct.19,2005) - USAMRIID Serial 1425 I(Jan.3,2006) - USAMRIID Serial 1490 I(Jan.12,2006) - USAMRIID Serial b6 b7C FD-302's I(Nov.7,2005) - USAMRIID Serial 1433 of Bruce Ivins current FD-302's l I current ++ 3 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011730Anthrax Page 110 of 1446 Investigators known to have Positive Samples and Storage Locations 1412 b7C ~ Room No info Roo~ No info Just plates Hot hallways Suit~ No info No info I ~ I Suitel I SuiteI I Suitel No info - lill_ I I No info No info Did not store any samples there Freezer with No info Ames next to LJ No info IAmesiliJ for many years prior to 1999 and up to present; samoles from 1r Stocks of No info agents kept; no info on Ames Pasteur only Ba stored ... agent used there prior there; only Ba to 2001; DNA was from extractions mailings done by DSD;Ba from Hallways None stored in hallways No info ... D No info No info I No info No info No Ames Nomfo from Ivins' laboratory loo.... No info No info No info I No info Used as a No info _jdidnot I stored~ama store pre? and freezer in the anything post? here; may hallway exposure have been animal leftover room for material aerosol from aerosol challenges challenges stored here No info No info No info No specific No info info; ifBa stored there, nrobablv No info No info No info There were no fridges or freezers that stored Ames in hallways No info No info No info I I ... ... Does not recall being inhere Performed Ba No info sprays there whil0 was down for renovations ~ossibly No info ... -? ... ... ... until late 1999) No ... USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011731Anthrax Page 111 of 1446 I Ivins8 Nothing Stored No info No info No No info No info No info No info No info No info No info b6 ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... This chart is asummary of the information gathered from the FD-302's. No info: person not able to provide an account of what was stored in the location. ooo no information to be found; nothing reported about the location. 1. 279A?WF?222936?USAMRIID ?1483 2. 279A?WF?222936?USAMRIID ?1426 3. 279A?WF?222936?USAMRIID ?1425 4. 279A? WF-222936?USAMRIID?1490 5, 279A?WF?222936?USAMRIID ?1479 6. Review of prior FD?302's .279A?WF?222936?USAMRIID ?1433 ,Review of prior FD?302's - Revised 02/22/06 I t o 2 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011732Anthrax Page 112 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 03/07/2006 I of birth address of was interviewed at ~--~~------~--~~----~--~--~~--~~------------~ place of employment, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (tJSAMRIID). I -~Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone! rAtter being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview, !provided the following information: ,._.._..a..u.IOI.i:l.........=o.u., employed Division ?r::--...=.::=:::., ~n wor s ra~ns o Bac2 us anthracis (Ba) ?I !advised that there was a freezer in suites! land that tnere. were several -70 degree freezers in the hallways which everyone had access td.l !also was aware of Investigation on File# ----~~-------- 03/07/2006 at Fort Detrick Date dictated by~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-\b'(S I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 011733Anthrax Page 113 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - o O n 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 03/07/2006 ,Page_-=--- I 1a1.d. not keep an 1.nventory ot organ1.sms 1 !maintained approximately a dozen L.::s::-::p::-:o~r:::::e::::-~--:::::P:-::::r:-;e::-:::p::-::s=:---..... ana ~u ~o ~u seea v1.als. In discussing the walk-in coolers, described them, particularly during the renovation of suites as very cluttered and that employees stored a variety of dead animals, plates, test tubes, centrifuge rotors, and flasks there. ~UUl ln 1 1 I trom !recalled obtaining Ames a couple ot vJ..als which co-worker! lhad maintained in a box in the freezer.! lalso recalled obta1.nina a few milliliters of Ames from IVINSJ I I expla1.ned that nobody qoes 1.nto someone elseos spore stock without their consent. I I I lwas shown a photocop? of a vers1.on of the R~erence MateriaJ Receipt (RMR) pertaining to USAMRIID Part Number 102~, descr1.bed as h1.ghly purified Bacillus anthracis Ames spores, dated October 22, 1997.1 !indicated thatr--lwas not familiar with the term 1029 or Dugway Spores. obtainea the document simply becauser-lhad earlier observed maintain a similar document-rh notebook. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011734Anthrax Page 114 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 0 3 /0 7 /2 0 0 6 , Page _...:3:::..-_ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _,____________1---------- , On r-----lrecalled that IVINS maintain~upply of Ames in a walk-in~ in suitesl lof Building L___j and that this was common knowledge. I lwas shown a copy of the floor plans for suites I I Buildina 1 !indicated on the floor olan that inl I ident1f1ed the follow1nq areas and labeled the floor plans as: cold roomsl I I 1 The USAMRIID floor plan copy shown to 1 1 1s ma1nta1ned 1n the 1A section of the file. b7c F 1 1 The b1gger autoclave was pr1mar1ly used by the vecer1nar1ans ana the smaller autoclave used by the researchers. Usually it would take jnyw~e~e from 1.5 to 2.0 hours to complete the autoclave process. explained that the common practice adhered to by employees us1ng the autoclaves was to place materials in the autoclave and only when it was full was it turned on. Since there was no set policy that was followed,! !explained that materials were often left together on theloor (from various employees) by the autoclave waiting for it to be full before it was run . I .------.....;D;;.,.wuring a brief tour of the ~- cold side of Building !pointed to some flasks on the floor by an autoclave and 1nd1cated that some of the flasks! I awaiting to be autoclaved. ._I ..... 1. e wrong or a researc er to remove material from or autoclave area that did not belong to them. ~was given an opportunity to review four photocopies of one fl~om different angles~-"'~which was labeled "RMR 1029 GLP Ames Spores Oct 97" . After viewing the photocopies, I I could not recall seeing or handling the flask but acknowledge~the ihandwriting depicted on the ph?socopy appeared to be that of IVINS. fA ' USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011735Anthrax Page 115 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~.___ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ . t - - - - - - - - - - , On 03 I 07 I 2 0 0 6 , Page --4- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of The above photocopies shown section of the file. tol lare maintained in the lA USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011736Anthrax Page 116 of 1446 I .. x. (Rev. 01-31-2003) BAl!J/DK/1 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Attn: Attn: AMX-3 IIcl Date: 03/29/2006 Washington Field Inspection Counterterrorism 1...----;::::::==:=:::=---, (no encl.) WMDOU, ssAI._________.I (no encl.) From: Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: ~--------------~r (Pending)- \51..~ b6 Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID T~tle: AMERITHRAX; Major Case 184; OO:WF Synopsis: A summary of the results of two initiatives, each whose goal was to determine how correctly and consistently keycard access badges were used by employees who were involved in aerosol challenges in Building 1412 of the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Ma?ryland. Enclosure(s): 1) Six (6) page copy of keycard data titled 11 September 16, 1998 Aerosol Challenge," 2) Six (6) page copy of keycard data titled 11 September 14, 1999 Aerosol Challenge," 3) Three (3) page copy of keycard data titled "October 15, 1999 Aerosol Challenge. 11 Details: Efforts were made to obtain a general idea of whether keycard access badges were used correctly and consistently by yees who were involved in aerosol challenge work in Building at USAMRIID. Two separate initiatives were conducted to end, each described below: 1. Examination of the use of the five from the containment area of Buildin days af,ter three aerosol challenges. to and of and O Aerosol ' challenges were conducted within a Bio-safety Level 3 containment area in Building! Proper entrance into USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf D 011737Anthrax Page 117 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 03/29/2006 e ..~. i? o b7C For the purposes of the initiative, each of the five access points was assigned a number as it is labeled above. For an individual who entered and exited the containment area of Building 1412 using all the required access badge readers, the keycard access records would typically follow the order 1), 2), 3), 4) and 5), with other keycard entries possibly appearing between 1) and 2), 3) and 4), and 4) and 5). Keycard access records were examined for 9/16/1998, 9/14/1999, 10/15/1999, and the days after each of these three dates.. The abovementioned dates were chosen because they were possibly the first three times RMR 1029 was used in aerosol challenges at USAMRIID. The days after each were included because post-challenge work, such as the culturing of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) from the all-glass impingers, was most likely done then. For 9/16/1998 and 9/17/1998, the keycard access records of the following individuals were examined due to their mention as being involved in the challenge; either through sheets or in interviews: I ~ I ~B~R~U~C~~I~V~~~------------~ I I The keycar r~cor s of were also e~mined for these dates, in order to~c=o=m=p=a==r-e~--,---~ access to that of individuals that were known to be in t e containment area of Building 1412. For 9/14/1999 and 9/15/1999, the keycard access records of the following individuals were examined due to their mention being involved in the challen e either throu h aerosol data ~~~~~~~~~~~~~------~~--~----~~BRUCE IVINS, The keycard records of were also examined for these dates, in order to compare ~~-a-c-c~ess to that of individuals that were known to be in the containment area of Building 1412. For 10/15/1999 and 10/16/1999, the keycard access records of the following individuals were examined due tq their 2 b6 b7C . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ . USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011738Anthrax Page 118 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington F1eld 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 03/29/2006 e . ,. ;., .o b7C The keycard access data for the abovementioned dates and individuals are enclosed with this communication. Data are presented in a spreadsheet, with relevant access points labeled by number on the right-hand side of the page. Also included are the highest total numbers of access points recorded at one time (out of five) for each date and each individual whose records were examined. This number demonstrates how many of the five relevant access points were used in the correct order for entry into the containment area on the given date. For several individuals, there are also extraneous entries into (1) and exits from (5) Building 1412. For all of the days when access points were recorded for employees who used the containment area to work with aerosol challenges, at least three of the five access points were recorded together. There was therefore always some indication that the employee used the change room or keypad to enter the containment area. In approximately 50% of the cases, one or two of the access points were missing (i.e. 3 of 5, or 4 of 5 points recorded) . For the other approximately 50% of the cases, all five access points were used correctly (i.e. 5 of 5 points recorded) . Never on a day when an employee was assigned to work in the containment area was he/she shown only to have entered and exited the building on that day ii.e. 2 of 5 points recorded). Of the dates examined,! _keycard access records include relevant access points on only one date, 9/14/1999. On this date, only two of the access points are recorded, 1) and 5) . ' In this respect, I Jrecords are inconsistent with those of the employees who werenown to have used the containment areas on those dates. !records show no relevant access points on 9/16/1998. T rough the analysis described above, it is therefore found to be unlikely thatl ~sed the containment area of Building 1412 on 9/16/1998 or 9/14/1999. k 2. Examination of the use of the three main access points into and out of the containment area of Building 1412, for aerosol challenges between 9/14/1999 and 8/14/2001. For each aerosol challenge that occurred between 9/14/1999 and 8/14/2001 and is listed on the spreadsheet entitled "Aerosol Data Sheets, Anthrax Protocols, 12/1996 through 8/2001," the keycard access records for each Principal Investigator (PI) and aerosol technician (tech) listed were analyzed. 3 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011739Anthrax Page 119 of 1446 To: Re: ,Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 03/29/2006 e .,.... o The three keycard access points of concern were:.~~l~l~~ into the male or female change room via badge swipe~~------~ , 2) Entr into the containment area via keypad code YPAD 11 ) ...,1 Exit from the male or female change room via badge swipe! I These access points are~----~ referred to on the below chart as 1) IN, 2) KEY and 3) OUT. L t l_ _ _ b7C The following chart describes each employee's keycard access records for each date they were listed as having been involved with an aerosol challenge using Ba. Data in the fourth column are recorded as follows: "Yes" indicates all three relevant access points were recorded in the proper order (IN, KEY and OUT), 11 None 11 indicates none of the relevant access points were recorded, and any anomalies or missing access points are mentioned. Use of the Ke Investigators and Aerosol Technicians 9/14/1999 and 8/14/2001 Exposure# Date 9/14/99 10/15/99 4/5/00 4/7/00 PI/Techs IN/OUT/KEY consistently? Yes IN/KEY but no OUT Yes Yes None One extra IN, all else okay None Yes Yes None Yes Yes None Yes KEY/OUT but no IN None None (was in on 7/17/00) Yes IN/KEY but no OUT 4/10/00 7/17/00 7/18/00 4 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011740Anthrax Page 120 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID/ 03/29/2006 - From: Washington Field o:. ??- . 2/5/00 B. Ivins Extra OUT between IN and KEY Yes Yes Yes IN/KEY but no OUT Yes Extra OUT or KEY/OUT but no IN IN/OUT but no KEY None Yes None Yes Yes Yes IN/KEY but no OUT Yes Yes Yes Yes KEY but no IN or OUT None Yes Yes IN/KEY but no OUT Yes Yes Yes Yes None None Yes None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IN/KEY but no OUT Yes 2/7/00 B. Iv~ns fl-2/11/00 B. Iv~ns ~2/13/00 ~/10/01 B. Iv~ns 5 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011741Anthrax Page 121 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 03/29/2006 Fi~d From: ~~shington Fiel!lt None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IN with no OUT; no KEX KEY/OUT but no IN Extra OUTs 4/12/01 B. Iv~ns 6/26/01 7/10/01 B. IvJ.ns None Yes Yes IN and OUT with no KEY Yes Yes OUT but po IN or KEY Yes Yes None Yes Yes Extra IN; OUT between IN and KEY Yes Yes IN/KEY but no OUT Yes None Yes IN and OUT with no KEY (twice) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Extra OUT between IN and KEY IN and OUT with no KEY Yes 7/11/01 B Iv~ns 7/12/01 B. Ivins 8/14/01 6 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011742Anthrax Page 122 of 1446 To: Re: . '' Was h J.ngton FJ.e d From: W.,as h' J.ngton FJ.'elde 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 03/29/2006 Anomalies indicate that the employee may have piggybacked through a missing access point with another individual or the system might not have read a keycard swipe or keypad code properly. 11 IN and OUT with no KEY 11 is most likely an anomaly if there is a significant time lapse (i.e. several minutes) between IN and OUT. 1 The amount of anomalies evident on the spreadsheet imply that there were most likely instances of piggybacking and/or system faults through use of the change rooms into the containment area of Building 1412 on these dates. stated durin an interview that L-~~--~--~----------------------------~~~ac o KEY access ~--------------------------------~entered the containment area through one of the abovementioned means. Additional review and interviews could be done to determine how many of the above individuals may have piggybacked or experienced keycard system faults when entering and exiting the containment area. Individuals whose keycard records show anomalies or no access points at all could be further investigated/ and a study could be done of the history of failures of the keycard access system. The initiatives described above demonstrate a significant difference between expected keycard access data for employees using the containment area of Building 1412 and the actual data for employees during several Ba aerosol challenges between 9/1998 and 8/2001. The records of these employees often did not include at least one access point that is required for entering or exiting the containment area. The initiatives therefore have demonstrated that it is likely employees involved in aerosol challenges have piggybacked and/or experienced system failures when using keycard access badges and keycard access codes. All records in one initiative did show at least some indication of the use of a change room, however; it is therefore unlikely that an individual who worked in the containment area during an aerosol challenge would have access records that show no access at all to one of the change rooms . 1 oo 7 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011743Anthrax Page 123 of 1446 o 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 13:41 :04 Access Granted 13:56:02 Access Granted 14:14:28 Access Granted 14:14:50 Access Granted 14:18:25 Access Granted 14:18:27 Access Granted 14:19:13 Access Granted 14:20:12 Access Granted 14:20:36 Access Granted 14:27:53 Access Granted 14:27:56 Access Granted 14:29:33 Access Granted 15:21 :02 Access Granted 16:29:38 Access Granted 7:20:26 Access Granted 7:22:54 Access Granted 7:23:17 Access Granted 7:23:33 Access Granted 7:24:14 Access Granted 8:47:50 Access Granted 8:49:39 Access Granted 8:50:04 Access Granted 10:04:01 Access Granted 10:06:25 Access Granted 10:08:27 Access Granted 10:09:47 Access Granted 11:32:11 Access Granted 12:17:52 Access Granted 13:38:33 Access Granted 13:43:34 Access Granted 14:14:16 Access Granted 14:16:01 Access Granted 15:15:34 Access Granted 15:17:18 Access Granted 16:33:54 Access Granted 8:47:30 Access Granted 8:48:12 Access Granted 8:49:14 Access Granted 8:49:25 Access Granted 9:06:41 Access Granted 9:09:34 Access Granted 9:10:05 Access Granted 9:17:53 Access Granted 9:22:10 Access Granted 9:25:01 Access Granted 12:18:55 Access Granted 12:19:17 Access Granted 12:20:27 Access Granted 13:07:58 Access Granted 14:36:54 Access Granted 15:03:33 Access Granted HJr oo September 16, 1998 Aerosol Challenge o 0 of 5 Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal In Out Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal 4 of 5 1 2 4 5 1 5 0 of 5 LUioJ USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011744Anthrax Page 124 of 1446 o 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98. 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 18:00:02 Access Granted 18:00:36 Access Granted 18:11 :1 0 Access Granted 8:27:16 Access Granted 8:27:48 Access Granted 9:35:00 Access Granted 9:39:00 Access Granted 9:40:33 Access Granted 9:42:39 Access Granted 9:43:22 Access Granted 9:46:44 Access Granted 9:46:55 Access Granted 9:47:00 Access Granted 9:49:37 Access Granted 9:55:03 Access Granted 10:01:47 Access Granted 10:01 :52 Access Granted 10:42:17 Access Granted 10:42:25 Access Granted 10:55:33 Access Granted 11:42:05 Access Granted 11:42:39 Access Granted 11 :45:33 Access Granted 11:47:11 Access Granted 12:35:22 Access Granted 12:39:25 Access Granted 13:00:57 Access Granted 13:43:45 Access Granted 13:44:53 Access Granted 17:09:00 Access Granted 17:10:33 Access Granted 5:50:09 Access Granted 5:50:22 Access Granted 5:51 :45 Access Granted 5:53:25 Access Granted 5:54:57 Access Granted 5:55:14 Access Granted 6:00:11 Access Granted 7:23:31 Access Granted 7:23:39 Access Granted 7:24:38 Access Granted 7:28:21 Access Granted 7:29:26 Access Granted 7:31:55 Access Granted 7:38:07 Access Granted 8:14:18 Access Granted 8:14:24 Access Granted 8:17:54 Access Granted 8:38:21 Access Granted 8:39:36 Access Granted 8:39:49 Access Granted oo September 16, 1998 Aerosol Challenge o 0 of 5 b7C Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. 5 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 2 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011745Anthrax Page 125 of 1446 o 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/"16/98 9/"16/98 9/"16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 8:40:05 Access Granted 8:42:28 Access Granted 13:21 :0"1 Access Granted 13:21:10 Access Granted 13:22:50 Access Granted 13:23:59 Access Granted 14:20:32 Access Granted 15:16:45 Access Granted 16:45:06 Access Granted 20:07:01 Access-Granted 6:40:56 Access Granted 6:41 :07 Access Granted 6:41:26 Access Granted 6:42:36 Access Granted 8:50:00 Access Granted 8:54:22 Access Granted 10:06:54 Access Granted 10:09:07 Access Granted 11 :09:06 Access Granted 11:19:04 Access Granted 11 :19:26 Access Granted 11 :20:23 Access Granted 13:59:38 Access Granted 14:24:42 Access Granted 14:26:10 Access Granted 16:39:38 Access Granted 8:14:49 Access Granted 8:15:0"1 Access Granted 8:22:36 Access Granted 8:24:52 Access Granted 8:28:07 Access Granted 8:28:28 Access Granted 13:33:45 Access Granted 13:34:03 Access Granted 13:35:09 Access Granted 13:36:12 Access Granted 13:37:14 Access Granted 13:55:33 Access Granted 13:55:42 Access Granted 13:56:14 Access Granted 14:45:26 Access Granted 14:47:11 Access Granted 15:06:47 Access Granted "15:07:42 Access Granted 15:14:24 Access Granted 15:26:22 Access Granted 16:03:26 Access Granted 16:04:06 Access Granted 16:06:18 Access Granted "16:07:45 Access Granted 16:28:38 Access Granted 'o September 16, 1998 Aerosol Challenge Out Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Norma Norma Norma In Norma Out Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Normal Normal Normal In Out In Out Normal Normal Normal Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma Norma In Out IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. . 3 4 5 3 of 5 2 3 4 - 4 of 5, 2 4 5 1 2 4 3 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011746Anthrax Page 126 of 1446 e September 16, 1998 Aerosol Challenge 5 .. o 9/16/98 16:28:56 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 16:30:35 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 16:31:32 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 16:32:33 Access Granted In 9/16/98 16:33:33 Access Granted Out 9/16/98 16:35:14 Access Granted In 9/16/98 16:35:54 Access Granted Out 9/16/98 16:37:19 Access Denied In 9/16/98 16:38:37 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 16:40:08 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 16:41:00 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 17:56:44 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 17:58:18 Access Granted In 9/16/98 17:58:51 Access Granted Out 9/16/98 18:04:46 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 23:54:33 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 23:55:22 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 23:57:00 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 23:57:17 Access Granted In 9/17/98 0:20:17 Access Granted Out ----------~------9/17/98 0:20:43 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 0:22:28 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 0:23:03 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 8:58:12 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 8:58:27 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 10:08:50 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 11 :57:49 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 12:08:17 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 12:08:59 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 12:09:38 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 12:11:11 AccessGranted Normal 9/17/98 12:11 :29 Access Granted In 9/17/98 12:32:15 Access Granted Out 9/17/98 12:32:40 Access Granted? Normal 9/17/98 12:35:36 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 12:36:28 Access Granted In 9/17/98 12:38:17 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 12:59:19 Access Granted Out 9/17/98 12:59:48 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 13:03:47 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 13:19:35 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 14:26:54 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 16:39:23 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 16:42:28 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 16:57:33 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 17:34:52 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 18:23:14 Access Granted Normal 9/17/98 18:24:08 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 7:56:35 Access Granted Normal 9/16/98 7:57:48 Access Granted In 9/16/98 8:01:12 Access Granted Normal b2 -----4 of 5 1 2 4 5 1 2 4 5 1 2 3 5 of 5 4 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011747Anthrax Page 127 of 1446 o 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/16/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 8:11 :13 Access Granted 8:12:07 Access Granted 8:13:20 Access Granted 8:13:32 Access Granted 8:14:11 Access Granted 8:14:18 Access Granted 8:16:57 Access Granted 13:40:13 Access Granted 13:45:28 Access Granted 13:48:59 Access Granted 14:20:40 Access Granted 14:21 :42 Access Granted 14:23:44 Access Granted 14:24:22 Access Granted 14:24:52 Access Granted 14:25:23 Access Granted 14:27:08 Access Granted 16:50:38 Access Granted 16:51:12 Access Granted 16:52:00 Access Granted 16:52:26 Access Granted 16:53:48 Access Granted 16:53:58 Access Granted 16:56:56 Access Granted 16:57:03 Access Granted 8:15:55 Access Granted 8:18:38 Access Granted 8:18:46 Access Granted 8:23:08 Access Granted 8:23:14 Access Granted 8:26:33 Access Granted 8:57:49 Access Granted 8:58:27 Access Granted 9:05:56 Access Granted 9:08:43 Access Granted 9:16:00 Access Granted 9:16:58 Access Granted 9:17:37 Access Granted 9:17:43 Access Granted 9:21:13 Access Granted 9:24:12 Access Granted 9:26:06 Access Granted 9:26:19 Access Granted 9:31:05 Access Granted 9:33:25 Access Granted 10:06:04 Access Granted 11:28:45 Access Granted 11:39:36 Access Granted 11:46:58 Access Granted 11:47:55 Access Granted 11:48:09 Access Granted September 16, 1998 Aerosol Challenge Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Out Normal Normal Out Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In o 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 4 of 5 1 2 4 5 1 2 5 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011748Anthrax Page 128 of 1446 ' "' o 11 :50:19 11:51:33 11 :52:22 12:04:04 12:06:19 12:06:35 12:06:43 12:08:00 12:08:11 12:11:06 12:11:12 12:11:56 12:12:03 12:12:22 13:37:31 13:38:11 13:39:57 13:40:39 13:40:46 13:41 :20 13:46:45 13:50:14 13:51 :52 13:56:22 15:12:52 15:14:43 15:16:26 15:16:33 15:24:26 15:24:36 15:24:55 Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted oo September 16, 1998 Aerosol Challenge o 4 5 1 b6 b7C 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 9/17/98 Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Out Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal 5 1 3 4 5 6 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011749Anthrax Page 129 of 1446 September 14, 1999 Aerosol Challenge 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 7:31:48 7:32:19 7:36:17 14:05:16 14:06:31 16:51:50 16:52:16 7:14:17 7:16:59 7:17:45 7:18:01 7:35:02 7:35:14 7:35:43 8:48:11 8:50:20 8:50:39 8:50:50 9:01.:32 9:20:14 9:21:05 9:27:09 9:27:25 9:58:05 9:58:59 12:07:16 12:07:35 14:03:38 14:03:51 14:04:37 14:07:27 15:25:27 15:27:24 16:56:02 16:56:23 7:18:59 7:33:24 7:33:55 8:58:32 8:59:39 9:14:43 9:15:36 9:18:08 9:19:32 9:19:55 9:21 :51 13:55:06 13:56:10 14:03:21 14:03:49 14:48:00 Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Normal In Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Out In Out In Out In Out In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal 1 2 3 5 4 of 5 e ?? e b7C 1 5 1 3 of 5 5 1 3 5 s of s 1 2 3 4 5 7 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011750Anthrax Page 130 of 1446 September 14, 1999 Aerosol Challenge 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 14:51:30 Access Granted 15:33:23 Access Granted 7:17:09 Access Granted 8:01:53 Access Granted 8:24:23 Access Granted 8:26:50 Access Granted 8:35:53 Access Granted 15:28:26 Access Granted 15:28:42 Access Granted 15:34:39 Access Granted 15:35:03 Access Granted 15:52:42 Access Granted 15:53:06 Access Granted 15:53:33 Access Granted 15:53:57 Access Granted 7:57:45 Access Granted 7:59:22 Access Granted 8:23:32 Access Granted 8:27:28 Access Granted 9:02:53 Access Granted 9:03:29 Access Granted 11:09:16 Access Granted 11:09:49 Access Granted 11:30:31 Access Granted 12:01:23 Access Granted 12:02:43 Access Granted 12:02:48 Access Granted 12:21 :01 Access Granted 12:21 :35 Access Granted 12:32:48 Access Granted 12:32:54 Access Granted 12:33:26 Access Granted 12:43:07 Access Granted 12:44:51 Access Granted 12:56:24 Access Granted 12:58:28 Access Granted 12:58:47 Access Granted 13:00:04 Access Granted 13:01 :16 Access Granted 13:49:47 Access Granted 13:51:14 Access Granted 13:51:37 Access Granted 13:54:00 Access Granted 13:54:57 Access Granted 13:58:23 Access Granted 13:59:48 Access Granted 15:29:49 Access Granted 16:38:51 Access Granted 8:33:48 Access Granted 9:14:57 Access Granted 9:17:19 Access Granted Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal In Normal e ?? e 4 of 5 2 3 4 5 2 of 5 1 5 0 of 5 8 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011751Anthrax Page 131 of 1446 e 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9:23:01 9:28:16 9:29:18 9:38:28 12:54:27 13:05:32 13:33:22 13:55:57 13:57:32 15:18:11 15:19:35 15:38:29 15:44:05 16:34:06 16:50:59 5:40:47 5:44:19 5:45:59 5:46:20 5:50:59 7:19:18 7:19:30 7:21:25 8:09:22 8:56:11 8:57:37 9:01:46 13:58:50 16:46:08 16:46:31 16:52:25 16:53:39 16:54:30 18:46:32 18:47:03 18:50:24 18:51:24 18:51:43 18:52:10 18:53:53 18:54:32 18:54:53 18:55:12 7:00:03 7:00:16 7:01:14 7:14:13 7:14:18 7:14:49 7:24:18 7:24:25 Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted September 14, 1999 Aerosol Challenge Out In Normal Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal .. o b6 IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. 5 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 3 5 1 5 3 of 5 9 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011752Anthrax Page 132 of 1446 e 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 7:25:00 Access Granted 7:26:03 Access Granted 7:40:11 Access Granted 8:21 :19 Access Granted 8:25:27 Access Granted 8:26:28 Access Granted 8:34:54 Access Granted 15:46:38 Access Granted 15:48:29 Access Granted 15:53:57 Access Granted 15:54:02 Access Granted 15:54:32 Access Granted 17:06:18 Access Granted 17:07:21 Access Granted 17:14:20 Access Granted 20:40:02 Access Granted 21:27:01 Access Granted 7:12:32 Access Granted 7:13:08 Access Granted 7:15:33 Access Granted 7:18:35 Access Granted 7:21:25 Access Granted 14:32:51 Access Granted 14:32:51 Access Granted 14:35:06 Access Granted 14:36:37 Access Granted 15:40:02 Access Granted 15:48:17 Access Granted 15:48:27 Access Granted 16:01:12 Access Granted 16:03:22 Access Granted 16:03:59 Access Granted 16:05:13 Access Granted 17:31:34 Access Granted 17:33:13 Access Granted 17:39:28 Access Granted 18:26:32 Access Granted 18:28:20 Access Granted 18:29:45 Access Granted 18:31:58 Access Granted 22:21 :41 Access Granted 22:23:32 Access Granted 22:24:10 Access Granted 22:27:31 Access Granted 22:29:21 Access Granted 22:30:10 Access Granted 7:01:53 Access Granted 7:02:29 Access Granted 7:23:28 Access Granted 7:24:28 Access Granted 7:26:43 Access Granted September 14, 1999 Aerosol Challenge Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Norma Normal Normal Normal Norma Norma Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Norma Norma IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. .. .. o 5 1 3 5 5 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 of 5 1 10 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011753Anthrax Page 133 of 1446 .. 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/14/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 7:27:00 7:28:27 19:31:47 19:32:18 19:33:20 19:33:50 19:41 :58 19:42:55 22:45:49 22:53:24 22:56:34 22:57:46 7:48:09 7:52:30 14:01 :26 14:01:36 14:30:58 14:31:23 14:32:01 14:58:20 14:59:07 14:59:25 15:04:13 15:05:01 15:11:01 15:16:41 15:16:58 15:18:09 15:21:15 15:21:57 16:41:04 16:41 :34 16:41 :40 16:42:21 16:43:00 16:48:20 16:50:22 7:54:14 7:54:26 8:11:02 8:11 :15 8:32:04 8:33:35 8:33:46 8:33:51 8:34:06 8:35:31 8:36:39 8:36:45 8:36:57 8:40:54 o Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted September 14, 1999 Aerosol Challenge In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Out In Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Normal Out Normal Normal Normal oo oo o 2 3 4 5 1 3 3 of 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 1 5 3 of 5 5 1 11 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011754Anthrax Page 134 of 1446 ,t ' o 8:41 :57 Access Granted 8:42:36 Access Granted 8:58:53 Access Granted 9:01:02 Access Granted 9:15:35 Access Granted 9:23:30 Access Granted 9:27:15 Access Granted 10:04:11. Access Granted 10:32:51 Access Granted 10:33:20 Access Granted 11:15:46 Access Granted 11 :16:12 Access Granted 11 :56:34 Access Granted 11 :57:35 Access Granted 13:27:49 Access Granted 13:29:56 Access Granted 13:34:46 Access Granted 13:34:56 Access Granted 13:37:42 Access Granted 13:42:13 Access Granted 13:43:37 Access Granted 13:43:52 Access Granted 13:44:04 Access Granted 13:47:07 Access Granted 15:49:37 Access Granted 15:49:44 Access Granted 15:50:28 Access Granted 15:51:53 Access Granted 15:59:58 Access Granted 16:19:30 Access Granted ., September 14, 1999 Aerosol Challenge Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In In Out In Out In Out In Out In Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal o 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/1999 9/15/'1999 9/15/1999 5 5 1 3 5 12 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011755Anthrax Page 135 of 1446 e 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 7:11:22 7:11:43 7:14:02 11 :19:34 11 :21 :55 11 :38:30 12:26:55 13:15:19 13:16:03 13:31:18 13:31 :35 14:38:11 14:38:11 14:38:44 14:40:38 14:41 :06 16:31 :24 16:31:47 7:12:34 8:48:47 8:49:56 8:52:04 10:52:24 10:53:48 10:55:13 11:31:31 11:32:01 16:08:08 16:08:32 16:09:18 16:12:43 5:16:42 5:21:27 5:23:06 5:23:26 5:27:36 6:57:49 6:58:00 6:59:45 7:16:14 7:40:57 7:42:14 7:44:33 7:45:15 8:47:02 8:48:31 8:51:55 11:03:03 11 :03:12 11:05:15 13:20:46 Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted t. o October 15, 1999 Aerosol Challenge Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal 1 2 3 4 5 5 of 5 b2 1 5 5 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE E. E. E. 5 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. 2 3 4 5 E. E. 13 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011756Anthrax Page 136 of 1446 o f. oo o October 15, 1999 Aerosol Challenge 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 10/16/1999 13:31:41 14:17:40 14:18:05 17:43:32 17:43:57 17:48:24 17:48:36 9:11 :41 9:39:43 9:44:28 9:50:12 9:51:39 9:52:04 9:56:40 10:15:13 10:15:23 10:16:54 10:19:45 7:28:49 7:29:06 7:34:28 7:35:00 7:36:28 7:36:44 7:38:53 11 :01 :32 11 :02:25 11:04:46 11:05:52 11:09:09 11 :11 :04 11 :44:44 11:45:20 11:47:11 12:16:10 12:16:44 12:18:32 12:20:30 14:14:32 14:49:00 15:04:15 15:13:05 16:42:18 17:32:28 13:05:21 13:06:18 13:07:06 13:09:04 13:38:57 14:16:44 14:18:04 Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Access Granted Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Norma Norma Norma Norma In Norma Out Norma Norma Norma Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Out Normal Normal IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS, IVINS BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE BRUCE E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. 5 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 5 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 14 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011757Anthrax Page 137 of 1446 ~ r~ Yo 4lt 1 2 3 5 1 4 of 5 October 15, 1999 Aerosol Challenge 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 10/15/1999 7:47:45 Access Granted 7:48:06 Access Granted 7:50:22 Access Granted 11 :20:37 Access Granted 11 :21 :42 Access Granted 11 :21 :59 Access Granted 11:25:10 Access Granted 11 :25:22 Access Granted 11 :30:57 Access Granted 11:31:46 Access Granted 11 :32:01 Access Granted 11 :33:26 Access Granted 11:33:35 Access Granted 11:34:25 Access Granted 11 :35:24 Access Granted 11 :37:58 Access Granted 11:45:09 Access Granted 11:47:31 Access Granted 11:47:48 Access Granted 11:47:54 Access Granted 11:49:40 Access Granted 11:51:05 Access Granted 13:13:15 Access Granted 13:24:48 Access Granted 13:26:17 Access Granted 13:26:25 Access Granted 13:28:46 Access Granted 13:31 :25 Access Granted 13:31:37 Access Granted 14:47:17 Access Granted 14:49:20 Access Granted 14:50:25 Access Granted 14:55:55 Access Granted 14:56:26 Access Granted 15:01:41 Access Granted 15:06:33 Access Granted Normal In Normal Normal Normal Normal In Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Normal Normal Normal In Out Normal Out Normal Normal In Out In Out Normal b7C 5 1 2 4 5 1 5 1 2 4 5 2 4 2 4 5 15 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011758Anthrax Page 138 of 1446 I! FD-302 (Rev. 10?6?95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 03/22/2006 date of birth orne address of ......_=------=----=-------::-----::----=------__. was J.nterviewed at c:J place of employment, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), r-==JPorter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone! ~fter being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview, I !provided the following information: L---.---.~------"""1-"1 ~--------------------~On March 20, 2006, social securi t I I I confirmed that 0has been emploved in the IDJ.VJ.sion at USAMRIID sincel lis more commonlv referred to asl 1 I I b6 Ibut recalled one occasJ.on has never met I havJ.ng a telephone conversation with I I I 1- h:::l~ nrltIWNS in the past.l I ] ?'? ..:l il i rF>c:t-1 v wi t: h I I rlr 'Kt'( Ll :tt; L lhas only worked with liquid I materJ.als. There has not .J:;Leen any dry or offensive work performed at USAMRIID since 1972. does not know anyone who does dry work. [:]thought that Aberdeen Proving Grounds may be involved in dry work. I ldid not observe any unusual activity at USAMRIID. recalled IVINS telling an individual could obtain a usable stock of Bacillus anthrac2s (Ba) from 8 liter flasks. It was common knowledge at USAMRIID that Ba Ames was stored in thel I suites of Building 1425. The cold rooms in these areas were not locked. Anyone could obtain materials from the walk-in coolers; use of the coolers was based on the "honor system". The suites did not have walk-in freezers. Freezers were kept out in the hallways. Current handling procedures involving select agents have been significantly modified in that the use of select agents must now be documented and individual accountability maintained in a database. D O D Investigation on File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-\Sb1. Date dictated by_]] I b7C This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your .agency. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011759Anthrax Page 139 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~--------------------r-----------------'On March 20, 20,~e ___2 __ __ 1 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of I I I !volunteered c=J thoughts concerning the anthrax powder contained in the mailings and explained that investigators should be focusing on the chemistry of the anthrax. c:Jexplained that spores normally tend to stick to each other but with the anthrax powder, the spores had to have been separated. In order to accomplish this a positive or negative charge had to be introduced, a hyperphobic or polar molecule 1 like a dry detergent, and the~led during growth. The material must be charged and polar. L__jbelieves that the use of a mass spectrometer would aid in identifying the chemical make-~f the anthrax.r==Jindicated, that if asked,c:J would volunteerl__j assistance inl I I L-t~hr-a~t--r_o_o_m~tlr----------hlhr-o_u_s_e~dr-a~1~0~0~-~l~i~t-e-r~f~e-r_m e_n~t-o-r~k-n_o_w_n---a~s "Big __ !explained Bertha 11 .1 lthere were two sep~100-liter f ermento._r_s---::k~n-o_wn__ __ a_s~,::-:,B~1,..,g--=B.... ertha" in Building L____j USAMRI ID oriqinallv obtained these fermentors around 1980-1985.1 I 1 11~f"'rl The 100-11ter termentors r I I "tnr l- r Y ?h I were I could best provide a historical perspective of the fermentors. I I O !explained that fermentors were primarily used back in the 19~8~0~,-s~b-u~t the~se drastically declined due to the advent of molecular cloning.L__jadvised that a bioreactor is similar to a or and that it is possible to grow Ba using a bioreactor. was given an opportunity to review a document titled! J Inventory Check and Corrections: 8 Nov 2005. ~~~~------~__.r 111 Big Bertha 11 is the 100-liter fermentor identified as stock numberl lon the inventory sheet and believes the fermentor was purchased in 1983.1 _ ltwo Braun Biotech fermentors, stock numberS, (20 l1ter b7C USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011760Anthrax Page 140 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~------------------_r----------------'on March 20, 20,~e--~--Jalso )~de::~fied a N;w Brun~wick 1 fermentor 1 stock#_ ~~ _as hav1ng Durin ur er rev1ew of the 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~f~e?r~m~e~n.t.a~r~)~a~n~d~l______________~l~3~o~-~1~1ter fermentor) as two fermentors During significant segments of the interview 1 1 asserted that the Anthrax investigation was not focused l~?n--~t~h-e--~ right direction; that the investigative spotlight should be much broader and that investigative efforts should focus more on the human/financial motivational aspects of the crime as opposed to the scientific angle. c=Jsuggested that investigative efforts should be more focused on a company called Bioport and not USAMRIID. I !indicated that the investigation has greatly interfered with USAMRIIDos work and that a closer scrutiny of Bioport would reveal that Bioport is the one entity that has financially benefitted the most from the anthrax mailings. USAMRIID has not benefitted from the anthrax mailings but in retrospect has suffered. c:J explained that since the anthrax mailings and the subsequent investigation at USAMRIID, funding has significantly been cut, projects have fallen behind schedule, and the implementation of control and accounyability measures has been restrictive and time consuming. I Jexplained that it currently takes approximately 12 years and $800 million dollars to develop a new biological product and that the anthrax mailings, inc==] opinion, have caused a two year delay. According tol lprior to the anthrax mailings, Bioportos anthrax vaccine program had been cited for 14 violations by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , also known as 483 violations, resulting in Bioport having to stop production and sale of the vaccine. During this same time period, USAMRIID had already been working on a new anthrax vaccine which was ready for clinical testing. USAMRIID was directed to go to Bioport and attempt to resolve the deficiencies that existed with the old anthrax vaccine p~o~ram. USAMRIID employees BRUCE IVINS, I I I !were tasked with this effort. Bioport needed to impro%e its emp oyee training program, update the1r fac1l1t1es, and val1date their efficacy models. Ultimately 1 as a result of the anthrax mailings, Bioportos anthrax vaccine was re-licensed. ~~~----~ asserted that Bioport was ultimately successful in delaying the development and sale of the new USAMRIID anthrax vaccine while USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011761Anthrax Page 141 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L____________________r-----------------'On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of March 20, 20,~e ~ prolonging the sale of their old anthrax vaccine.! !further claimed that there was an FDA board member who was affiliated with Bioport. lwas unable to elaborate on this. I !volunteered that, in 2000, a connection existed between D~n--0-r~t~Vaccine Cor oration (DC) Bioport. I I explained that USAMRIID 1 s competitor,,~D~~~a Br1t1sh government agency, and Bioport are affi ' r USAMRIID em lo ave more 1ns1g eory. investigation, Florida that is anthrax may also critical reviews program may have In a~t:m~~s to provide further assistance with the opined that the facility in Boca Raton, e 1eved to have received a mailing containing house offices for the CRC Press which publishes in science and chemistry. Bioportos vaccine been negatively impacted by this company. 1 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011762Anthrax Page 142 of 1446 o (Rev. Ol:Ji-2003) ... t o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 04/12/2006 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: I ~--------------------------~ Case ID #: 2 7 9A- WF- 2 2 2 9 3 6- USAMRI ID r/" (Pending)?- \S3\p Ti t1e: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 ~------~~~~--~--~from the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland. Enclosure(s): Enclosed for Washington Field are copies of the? leads addressed in this communication, g~nerated by the electronic mail review. rom t e Un~te States Army Med~cal of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. These records reviewed by Amerithrax investi ators and deemed worth Inst~tute b7C b7E rev~ewe notebooks b Notebook Number 1151 Relevant Pages Found A few pages; I lyophilized anthrax (l~kely all Sterne strain) in 1978. J 1214 No b6 b7C USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011763Anthrax Page 143 of 1446 ??To: Re: Washington F~d F~om: W~shington Fie14lt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 04/12/2006 1282 1381 1399 1400 1435 1455 1523 1527 1582 1587 1807 Iy]ns 1 No No No No No No No No No No I I I No r~vealed that Ivins deemed it necessary to reviewl written on August 17, 2000 by Bru~c~e~--~ I Tnotebooks in hopes of gaining information on Vollum 1B, ~l-o~t~1~8~9~spores. To 'that end, the following notebooks byl I which were all that remained at USAMRIID, were reviewed oy writer: Notebook Number 195 441 447 454 461 471 473 Relevant Pages Found No No No No No No No , was no rev1ewe as 1t was current y 1n a Notebook #3793 was missing for a time,r---l L___j but was found on December 16, 1997,1 I and la~ reviewed~er. Pages from #3793 were cop1ed pertaining to a visit byL_____Jforeign visiting scientists on October 17 and ~inment suite. ne no e oo , b7C b7D 2 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011764Anthrax Page 144 of 1446 ??To: Re: Washington F~d Frpm: W~shington Fieltlt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 04/12/2006 October 18, 1995. Notebook #1767 was also listed byr---las missing; it is unclear whether #1767 was ever locate~writer did not locate this notebook during the notebook review. Notebook Number 1946 1947 1948 1970 1971 1972 3064 3065 3066 3184 3185 3263 3264 3265 3343 3344 3345 3413 3414 3415 3 Pages Cogied No No No No No Some; Ivins No One oaoe? mentioned new name of I I Ireceived I Ames from No No No No No One paqe? mentioned new name of I I No No No No No No USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011765Anthrax Page 145 of 1446 ?'?To: Re: Washington F~d F~om: W~shington Fiel41t 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 04/12/2006 13417 3418 1:: Related to Anthrax No ~ Notebook Number 3675 3710 3776 3856 3954 4026 4027 3772 3944 4151 4279 4285 No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes oo 4 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011766Anthrax Page 146 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) -!FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcriptio!l 0 5/ 0 8/2 0 0 6 I social securi tv account number I I I residinq atl J telephone I I I date of birth I I was 1nterviewed atl I place of employment ,I I b7C I telephone I I e-mail address of the I After being advised of the identi 1nte~1ew1ng agent and the nature of the 1nterv1ew,t::fprov1ded the following information: I I From 1was .employed as a1 I at the Un1ted States Army Medical Research Inst:n.ut e or .Ln!ect1ous Diseases (USAMRIID) . I I USAMRIID. lemploved at I I Investigation on File # by 2 7 9A-WF-222 93 6 -LEAD ... "'?~-:::--------.....J-------------279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-J$l/tJ Date dictated 0 5 I 0 8 I 2 0 0 6 0 5 I 0 4 I 2 0 06 at SA it and its contents This document contains neither recommendations nor ~onclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; ar~ not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011767Anthrax Page 147 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~---------------------L---------------- ,On 05/04/2006 2 ,Page _ _ __ While employed at USAMRIID,I lnever observed any unknown or unauthorized person working in suites B3 and B4 in building 1425 .. Regarding operation of the ~utoclave, one particular individual was not responsible for running the machine. Instead, each scientist and technician. was responsible for autoclaving his or her own waste, and those individuals were responsible for legibly marking the material autoclaved. F1~-----, noted that the animal caretakers who entered the suites daily to care for the animals being used for experimentation were responsible for autoclaving all of the animal waste and bedding materials from the animal cages. It was general knowledge that wet spore preps of ?the Ames strain of bacillus anthracis (BA) were made in suites B3 and B4. The walk-in cooler which was located in the common hall that internally connected ?suites B3 and B4 was a "busy" place, as it was used by almost everyone with a laboratory in suites B3 and B4. I lused the walk-in cooler regularly. There were no sign-in procedures for the cooler. The following types of things were maintained in the cooler: reagent media, sterile media, sterile plates, buffers, innoculated. plate.s from ongoing research, boxes of samples, and tins containing a variety of things such as organic reagents. It was not uncommon to find that when you placed your research material in the cooler, another researcher might move them to a different location in the cooler. Although J.s famJ.!J.ar witfi BA biology, Udid not conduct research regardin BA and never ?worked with BA. 0 noted that on one occasion a wet re of BA s ores bein conducted b Bruce Ivins for the BA vaccine. 0 b7C USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011768Anthrax Page 148 of 1446 FD?302a (Rev. 10?6?95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of ~====================L-__________ .on 05/04/2006 , Page _ _3 _ b 7 C _ is not familiar with Ames "1029 11 BA, but has heard of "Dugway spores".~oted that it was commonly known that Dugway made spores, and recalled that post 9/11, there was discussion related to ugway spores regarding the creation of a s?tandardized spore prep for use in the challenge studies being conducted for vaccine testing. Regarding distribution of samples within the labs in the suites, the prinicpal investigator for each lab set up his or her own policies and procedures regarding how they distributed samples. If a spore prep were to leave suites B3 or B4, then the USAMRIID safety office worked with the investigator to document the move and ensure all safety requirements were met. If drr work was being conducted in any lab in suites B3 and B4,lbelieves other employees would have noticed, as this would have been unusual. I !does not believe that a lyophilizer was maintained in suite B3 or B4, but noted they did contain several speed vacs which were used ?for low volume drying procedures. noted name I I 1 can't recall; 1 I Bruce I Iv~ns (m:'~marv ~nvest~qatorJ i ~----~~--~~~~~~------~~~~--~~----~f<joes not recal~ any of the individualsc=Jworked about other coworkers. w~th making unusual observations . The working relatfonship among all coworkers was good, andl lnever noted anv soecific conflicts or tensions with .one exceot~on. I lwas havino some kind of conflict w~th the ~--~~~~~~----~~~----~--~~------~l~butc=Jcould not recall what the conflict was about. I ldoes not knowl~----~1 I ~--------~------~------------~--------~----~--~1 but does believe a 1...._____---Jiby the name of I lmay have worked for I does not recall ever comul.o across al f I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011769Anthrax , ' FD?302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .) --~================~-------------------------'On 05/04/2006 Page 149 of 1446 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 4 ,Page _ _ __ b6 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of lat some p~t. I _ I noted that some of the soldiers ~h~a-d~-a-c_c_e_s_s~to suitesl_j an<rL:J working as assistants to various investigators. , Suite access depended on the primary investigators for the different labs located in the suites. J lnoted the'lSO-liter fermenter lo'cated in suites and Uwas not used frequently. There was generally l~ttle need to produce anything on such a large sca1er and the process of using the fermenter was very messy due to the parts and supplies required for operation. The only individuals! lcould recall . snecificallv who used the fermenter werel I D ~-----~I could not specifically identify the biological agents used? in the fermenter 1 but speculated that recombinant BA preps made with an avirulent strain of BAr non spore forming/ were likely ? used. A virulent 1 spore forming strain <;>f BA would not be used in the fermenter because it would be a safety issue. Due to the size of the fermenter 1 and the mess it created in the room where it was located it would be impossible to ensure complete decontamination after use with a spore-former. The fermenter was not portable/ and was located in a room dedicated specifically for the fermenter. In order to remove the fermenter 1 .a wall would have to be removed. Approximately one year after 9/11, there was a discussion about loaning it to a private company. The fermenter was going to be removed and transported to the company for 'their own use, and in exchange the company would use it to produce large amounts of some recombinant proteins for US:AMRIID's use in vaccine work. However/ I,this transaction.never occurred ..___________ I . 1 ___,J ~=---~lis not familiar with the protocols for bacteria grown in a fermenter, as fermentation biology is notc::Jarea of expertise. c==Jis not aware of any spores from any bacteria being grown in the fermenter. c==Jis unaware of any?individuals who showed a special interest in the fermenter 1 discussed using it for? producing the Ames strain of BA, or expressed an interest in borrowing the fermenter. 1 1 assumes that .there were equipment logs and recor~ertaining to the use and maintenance of the fermenter, butL_Jcan not verify th~s. ? . Regarding the production process for the Ames strain of BA, ~~----~~lnoted it was renograffin purified, which is part of? a USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011770Anthrax Page 150 of 1446 o I FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 27'9A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ? Continuation ofFD-302 of --~================L-____________ ,On 05/04/2006 , Page --'==--- 5 wet prep purification process. lis not familiar with renocal purification. Regarding destruction of 11 lots" of BA, I I noted that you would archive a small part of a lot, and then destroy the rest by autoclave. I Idees not know if any Ames scheduled for?disposal was recycled to be used for ad-hoc studies. I !could not elaborate on the rules that were in place for the access, storage, ?and dissemination of Ames, and noted that these rules/procedures were controlled by the individual investigator in the lab who dealt with the bacteria. I !noted that Bruce Ivins was always ve.ry good with documentation, and was responsible regarding distribution of samples. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011771Anthrax Page 151 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04/27/2006 of birth home address of !was interviewed atl ,_p'""'l:-a-c-e---o-=f.--e-m-p'""'l=-o-ym---e-n~t-,___,t...,h-e___,u=-n..,.i..,..t-e'""'.......,s""'t-a-t,....e--s__,A_.rmy Medical Research',____ _. Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), I 1Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone! I Atter being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview, I !provided the following information: On April 25, r ~--------~, s 9 cjaJ security nu:betq I date I research straJ.n o r----lreiterated that most of Ames stra~Ba. research ~~--~~~------~=----..,..~~~--~-:-~--~----~~at USAMRIID,the Federal Bureau of InvestJ.gatJ.on o taJ.ne samp es from all of the Ba spore stocks contained in said freezer. c:Jbelieves that b7F qbtained the Ba Affies from either BRUC?>IVINS, I ~ lgrows small batches df vege~~~~~~=-~~~~e original stock and believes that gr?~~lo7d,;~~,n~~~es~~~inuo~~~~QW~ the oriqinal stock keeps the sporesl I Investigation on April 26, 20~6 Fort Detrick, Maryland Filo # ==t..cA..::-:.J~.WuF::..:-::..2~2""'2_.9~3u6.J..:-::..:Iu.IS=Ao.!!Mu:R"""Il:I:_:D~-::;~~~Q...______ Date dictated by ~it I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. '3o~ ~1 1-/t:::C _ ? I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011772Anthrax Page 152 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~--------------------_.________________ ,onApril 26, 20,~e ___2 __ __ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of Ba spore growth in flasks with Leighton-Doi media and using the hot water/shaker apparatus typically occurred over a I !duration. recalled occasional instances where, after starting the proce ure on Friday,c:Jreturned on Monday to find the Ba vegetative cells had not exhausted their Leighton-Doi media nutrients and therefore had not under gone sporulation, or were in various stages of sporulation (i.e. a mix of vegjtative cells, cells under going sporulation, and spores) . also noted on other occasions vegetative cell growth was too rampant. In situations like this, the Ba spores that were formed were of poor quality and "clumpy". I !advised the ratio of Ba vegetative cells to media volume was directly proportional to spore quality: too much Ba vegetative cells within a defined media volume results in poor Ba spore quality. I !advised it was standard procedure to allow the Ba vegetative cells to exhaust their nutritive supply in order to induce sporulation. b7c ~ !indicated thatc===J~r~e~s~e~a=r~c~h~~~?s~~~~~~~~~-=~ The sporeSl lwere never dried. knowledge there was no "dr work" co ducted at US was well known that Battelle was invo ed in 11 dr USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011773Anthrax Page 153 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o recalled o 26, 20,Q>(ige ---'=;;;;.._-J::,b 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ContinuationofFD-302of _j.._______________________t - - - - - - - - - ,On April anthrax pathogenesis. This is the ~nlr instance~~----~lcould recall thatc::Jwas familiar with in which was used. could not recall which strain of Ba was used in this particular stud~ the~--~~--~~--~~--~--~--~ I !opined the only country~was knowledgeable of having the Ames strain of Ba was the Un1ted Kingdom. ~--~~--~~----~--~--~ I recalled that I As an aside note,l lyophilized a sample of irradiated Ames strain~o~f~B~a---o-n~t~h-e c_o~r~a~~ __ side of I Irecalled that the Ames was 11 dead. 11 I I further advised the lyophilized sample was used in antigen production. I opined these antigens were unique to the spore coat of the Ames~--~ Strain of Ba. I !could not recall any additional information . .------...L-...LJ.:l.a.S._DJ~~ met I has ~hr-e-a--r~d~v-a_r_i,...o_u_s---s-:-t_o_r_,i_e_s--f""r o_m__ __ c_o_w_o_r....,k:--e-r-s~ pertaining to stories that describe~------------------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011774Anthrax Page 154 of 1446 ., j FP,-302 (Rev, 10-6-95) o o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05/18/2006 On May 9, 2006 date of birth I social security number work telephone number~~--------~ I was interviewed at p ace of employment, the United States ~A~r-m-Y~Medica1 Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Building I I After being advised of the identities of the interviewing agents, I !provided the following information. ent at USAMRIID i was only 2n t e su2tes once or twlce enerally know that Bacillus anthracis suites. A roximatel D @ an aerosol jokester. traininJ at USAMRIID. I _has had only pos2t2ve is not t2me 2n t e coworkers. informationL-a~o-u~t--u n_u_s_u_a~~~~ __ D to L_j limited amouht of provide further or observations about I lis familiar with the term 11 Dugway Spores 11 but has no further knowledge about them. I I was shown pictures of a flask known as Reference Material Receipt 1029 (RMR 1029) ?I I could not recall seeing this particular flask, but in general, has seen many little flasks in the refrigerators and throughout the labs in Building 1425. I lis not familiar with any dry work at USAMRIID. c::Jhas only worked with liquid spore preps from the All-Glass Impingers (AGis) . Attached to and considered part of this document are photocopies of four different angles of the flask RMR 1029. Investigation on File# by ----~~~------ 05/09/06 at Frederick, MD Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\8S\ ~il I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. J D ~(/~. (vfCA. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf D O11775Ar1ihra>< Page 155 0f1446 I ALL EUITIAIIHJJ I 153 LTIYCLAGEZFIED 12-5.2-2003 EY LT -- if 1 VuzgkaV-L VV42%% - AQ v?gkgf -- WaVV.img- I ya 1 VV - as/1{ S@ct10n3b O11776Ar1ihra>< Page 155 0f1446 .. . wf . wezafmr], AJ 1457.5 . 4 Q, iwa nw {wr /Mw Q?gsagwz nig? 4.25 rw qq n? fw 1*42%*1* E. A- px gr h__f3l% gw . . . Gighg- 4 J: - .. ,zgi..-- YE T-- :29S@ct10n3b O11777Ar1ihra>< Page 157 0f1446 . . 1 .. 2 - :1 i1 wrw*vnye?. qw ab *2 7 gg 11%% px ,.1pw; . 4 . ..44wif'l*wgiS@ct10n3b O1177BAr1ihra>< Page 158 0f1446 1 ,1 A aa(Ez2*33Wei111 .111 @11 5 14%: 1 Qgzm.-, 11. ra? -:S@ct10n3b 011779Anthrax Page 159 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription S/01/2006 of birth tele !confirmed that orior to working atl lwas employed as a I I at the United States Army Medical Resear~c~h~I~n-s-t~1~.t~u~t-e--o~f~I~n~f~e-c~tious Diseases (USAMRIID) 1 at Fort Detrick Marvland. I orked at USAMRIID from! I ~--------------~~~--~--~~.orked in thel I ~~~~~----~~~!Most ofl !research at USAMRIID was conducted 1n Bu1ld1ng I l1n the I I suites 1 mostly c:::Jsuites. could not recal~.::l~t-:-h_e_. exact room number. rl- also remembered shar1nq lab space in I O ~----~ lalso recalled work1ng with a lab techn1c1an namedl ~----------~ 1.....:-'!---:---=r=vrNs os ladvis~~~~------~~~~~~~~~~~~ b7C Investigation on ------~~------------ 05/01/2006 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ?- \%5- by ___ ~~--------------~------------------------------------------------------------------------------f/C:?A//1.1'7t?. ::::::- 1 . This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ~~ ~ !01.. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011780Anthrax Page 160 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L- - - - - - - - - _ J - - - - - - - - - ' O n 05/01/2006 ,Page 2 --=--- b6 b7C USAMRIID lamedl l~a~ net fami:ia~ ~itb a~ ~mgJ~~~~ c~ sclf~~~sn~~ I ~ know former USAMRIID ~ployee1 lconfir~ed that, while at USAMRIID, c==Jdid some research work w1th Bacillus anthracis (Ba) and b e l d s it was the Ames strain but was not one ~~~~b~IE:fcent sure. confirmed workin with Ba spore preps, ? always obta1ne froml I ~--~~~--~~~b~e,lieved that o tained the Ba from a freezer located in th "hot suites" and that has previously provided a research work at USAMRIID once I b' F genera pract1ce at USAMRIID. I !explained tha~did not conduct any research ~~nyl c:::J pertaining to aerosol challenges or dry work. was not aware of any dry work being conducted at USAMRIID. was unaware of any plans in the future to conduct dry work at USAMRIID. advised that weaponizing Ba would be a big undertaking and a lot of effort. did not know how someone would go about doing that and c=J would not know what type of equipment would be needed to aerosolize Ba other than it would involve more than just a freeze dryer. I ldid not use a lyophilizer while at USAMRIID but on a rare occasion or two, c::Jsaw the lyophilizer being used for protein studies. utilizing a fermentor nor was L._JTnvolved lin research c:::J b7c !explained that while at, USAMRIID, c:J did on occasionu __ ~-s-e a_n~autoclave or place materials in an autoclave for someone else to autoclave at the end of the day.l !recalled that there were two 11 Pasteur" autoclaves located in the hot suites and that it would take approximately one hour to complete an autoclave cycle. c=Jadvised that when working with culturesJ~--~~ also would add bleach to the cultures prior to having the cultures autoclaved. Employees could not leave cultures out in the suites at the end of the day. I lwas not aware of any special or additional security measures that were in place when working with Ames Ba. ick about the ualit of s ores USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011781Anthrax Page 161 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ' I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. J - - - - - - - - ? O n 05/01/2006 ,Page --3- I Jmaintained the Ba spores in a freezer. I !explained that petriishes could be left out in the labs for a couple of days but the dishes would be taped with para film. Streaked plates would be kept in a refrigerator. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011782Anthrax Page 162 of 1446 ~' ?i~ ., FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription HEP..E HI IS IDJC LASS IF IED 5/03/2006 b7C Social Securit Account Num er telephonically T 1s Inspector a e t messages earlier in the week at! !residence and on this date~T~~--~ returned the phone call. I !was immediately informed th.~a-t a_n~ __ in-person thorough interview needed to be conducted with~t that some minimal preliminary information was desired fro~over the telephone. confirmed that from at the United States Army Medical Research Inst1tute o ~ Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). r=Jworked in the! I I pharacter1zed L:J work responsibilities as that of a 11 Worker bee 11 o r=Jadvised that has not been a confirmed that D did work with Bacillus anthracis in the 11 hot suites 11 while at USAMRIID. D I . I !acknowledged knowing BRUC IVINS but never working directly with him.c::Jindicated that on occa io~ould run into IVINS while having a cup of coffee and remembere~INS having a good sense of humor. I I l lwas re-informed that a more thorough and in-depth face-to-face 1nterview with would be needed at a later date. I c::::::J Investigation on ----~~-------- 05/03/2006 at Frederick, Maryland ~ File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID \SS)o Date dictated by ___ P_I~------------~-------------------------------------------------- b6 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; ~a.;:::< it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your k~~ _- I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011783Anthrax Page 163 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 05 I 18 I 2 0 0 6 date of birth orne telephone was place of employment, the United States Army~--~ Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Building I ~~--~--~~~ After being advised of the identity of the ~--~ interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,~~----~ provided the following information. ~----~--~------------~~ I in I !resides atl ~-r------------~----~--~~--~~lqraduated withal I from the University I IDeqree I~~ ~------------------------~I.A=f~t~e~r~s~u=b~m~~~t~t~~~n~Lg~?--1______________________~1 ~--------------------------------------~~~~ ~ c=J b6 assisted on a proiect involved with non-virulent Bacillus anthracis I From this research I I I' lin Suite I I I I also worked on the I Iof Building I I in Sui tel I L______jdid not co~du?t research in Buildin~l land did not have access to that bu~ld~ng. r==Jstated the an~mal work was conducted ? B ? in where the pathologist would do necropsies, and ~----~----~would work with the All Glass Impingers (AGis) . ~~--~has no experience in this type of work. The microbiology work included latin and blood culture work, and would be done in Buildin recalled doin co ious amounts of '--c-o-n_Q:.....-u-c-:-t-e....--dw_a_s_o_n_t':'""':h~"""le-q~--~~~o-~t--B~u-~'""".ll""".'d""":~ ng ....... I Most of the work I I Investigation on ----''-----'----- 05/09/2006 at Fort Detrick, MD Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDPI PI b7C This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ~! U and is loaneJI to your agency; ~?'6? Of wp USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011784Anthrax Page 164 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) e 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID --L_ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - , On Continuation ofFD-302 of 05/0 9/2 006 , Page _....:2=--- I I attended the University of I !stated security at USAMRIID is now tighter than I knows BEJICE 'i,VINS and they have worked in the hotsuite a~t-t~h-e~same time togefher. I !described IVINS as a strange guy. r--lelaborated that IVINS's quirkiness likely comes from a hard cEIIahood and not having many friends. I I impression is that IVINS "lacks social graces 11 and is inept when interactino with people. I I further statedl I J I ~----~~does I knows I not know~~----------------~land has never seen Althouoh thev have never collaborated on any projects, I socially. Interactions included a?r- ~ ~-----1~---H is not familiar withl s, = d o e s not recall work1n~g~w~1~t~h~a~~y~f~o~r~e~1~g~n~~-~---~ USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011785Anthrax Page 165 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I ' ' o 0 5 /0 9 /2 0 0 6 , Page -3- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --1.--------.......JI----------- ,On scientists. stated that none ofc==J coworkers expressed any anti-American sentiment, nor did they try to circumvent any security procedures. I lis not aware qf any dr~rk having b~ currently being conducted at USAMRIID. L_Jstated thatL____J lcertain~ould not have been privy to such a ~c-o_n_v_e_r_s_a~t-1-o-n~and thatL_jwas only familia~ with wet spore preps. The first tim~ heard of work with dry Bacillus anthracis was in an articlel_j read about u.s. ARMY DU~Y ~RoviNG GRotmm from the media. When questioned about other laBs,T mentioned that it was rumored that WTTET,T,E ~RPORATIQN messes up animal studies and was not considered to do good work. L:]knows .Ef@fRT CORPO~TIO~ has Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) r but has no personal interaction with them and has not heard any negative comments. lbest theory pertaining to the anthrax mailings of 2001 is that a terrorist could have been involved but0has no basis for that conclusion. I I I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011786Anthrax Page 166 of 1446 \ . . l FD~302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription On Date of Education and Work Experience b7C is currentl ned as the In received a var1ous Investigation on 04 } 24 / 2 0 06 at us~m~~~-\S~ ~--~--------------------------j-----------------------------~----- File # 279A-WF-222 93 6 -bE:f'.tD' by SA SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf O11787Anthra>< Page 167 ?f1446 semcueu -- SERIALIZED DT A APR 2 '7 ZUUS - FBI- BACK PAGE . USAIVIRMD 3b 011788Anthrax Page 168 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L _________ j r - - - - - - - - - ?,On 04/24/2 0 06 ,Page--=--- 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of Work.Environment and Colleagues lhas never dried or lyophilized has used al-"l"f-e~r~m~e~n~t~e~r~ extensi vel but never with Ba. fermenter with many people who?~~a~v~e~~n~o~w~e~g~e~o~~w~e~a~p~o~n~l~z~a~t~l~o~n~t~e~c~~~~ production and lyophilizing. This list of people would be very large, as most everyone in the field of Microbiology that I I knows or works with, would have some degree of such knowledge. knowled e as one indivi~ual with USAMRIID Questions C visited USAMRIID only one time for~a~~-~--~ r---.....--.:I~n~connection with research on the I I ~;;;.;;;..=..;;;;.......;;;.;;.;;.&....r-c-o_n_d~ucted viabil'ity tests on live cultures of both the mes an Vollum strains of Ba. I lwas escorted at all times while at U~AMRIID and was never left alone. I lwas supervised by Bruce~~inEURL but does not remembe~ the names of any r staff a~ USAMRIID. No one at USAMRIID struck ? as a possible perpetrator of the anthrax mailings. . described Ivins as ''a typical geekx: scientist, who I said that p o y pends most of his time in the lab. "1 in the Microbiology community, such scientists are referred to as "SCIF dwellers." D ~------------------------------~ has never received any biological samples from USAMRIID. ~----------~onl recalls workin in two labs at USAMRIID, does not USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011789Anthrax Page 169 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-W~-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of L ________ J - - - - - - - - - , On 04/24/2 00 6 i~to ,Page _3_ recall ever entering or looking lab. a walk-in cooler in either I I informed that ? a s a copy of a report summarizingc::Jwork at USAMRIID on computer and would supply it to the FBI at a later date, once locates it. Questionable Behavior f I lopined that the only way it would be possible to remove select agents from a USAMRIID lab's hot area, would be to secret the agent inside your body. I ladded that this would be difficult to do, as? there are always at least two people inside a ho~ area and the people would be in close proximity. A person would not be able to hand carry a select agent out of a hot area, because a person exiting must remove all clothing and go through a wash down process. The only other means_ to exit the lab, would subject any items being removed, to either an autoclave _or an ultra violate cleansing process. I ldoes not know of anyone who exhibited any behavior that would indicate that they wo?uld steal pathogens or toxins and use them inappropriately. Travel ____jhas never been to Trenton or Princeton, New Jersey, no~r~h-a-s~L__1been to Costa Rica. I Miscellaneous I ldoes not know anyone who ?did an unofficial or unrecorded work with Ba or its simulants. has never seen or used pre-stamped envelopes, like th~e--o_n_e s--~~ized in the __ Ba mailings . never me~~----__. . -l----,--...11 does not have any knowledge of._l_ _ __.I and has USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011790Anthrax Page 170 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1r-1 o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 7 / 0 5/2 0 0 6 I[ social Security Account Number I was (SSAN) : -'------.....-=~---=--=B~i-r-:-t-:--'h DOE) : I interviewed residence (address:~~--~~----~ on the afternoon of June 28, 2006. t e identity of the interviewing ~----------S?p~ecial Agent (SA) , and t~e nature of the ~----------~!provided the following information: ~~----------~lw~a~f provided a Non-Disclosure Agreement Form for review. _verbally agreed to items listed therein; however, refused to sign. (WFO NOTE: maintained in the FD-340 portion of this communication is the above mentioned Non-Disclosure Agreement Forml !verbally agreed to.) I I advisedc:Jhad not recalled any additional information sincec==Jrlast interv~ew circa 2003. (WFO NOTE: lwas provided with a printout froml I ? rfor review, which is maintained in the FD-340 portion o? th~s communication.) :::J b7E .---------?.., I ~vised could not recall I lever calling Q a t home fromc=J United Sta~-:-t_e_s--=A~r-m_y__. ~M~e-d~i-c-a~1~Research Inst~tute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) work telephone on the afternoon of ffirmed the information on the provided printout was accurate, and that duringl ~sided atl I ' landl__jresidential telephone number (#) wasl~--------~ D Investigation on File# ----~~------- 06/28/2006 at ~----------------------r------------------------?\5:1~ ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Postall SAl I I Date .dictated ~----------------- N /A b7C This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011791Anthrax Page 171 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ertained to o 06/28/2006 ,Page--=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ J - - - - - ,On it was not uncommon for co-workers at USAMRIID however, I lrei terated D could not contactingc===Jtelephonically. political and social opJ.nJ.ons interacted withl I !advised as al I ~~--~----r---~--~~--~----~lindicated, as J.nc==JprJ.or interview, I USAMRIID building! could not recall the specific laboratories within !accessed, other than to add they were !laboratories. / I I , lonlv J.nteractJ.on WJ.thl 1was1 I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011792Anthrax Page 172 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 06/28/2006 ,Page _ _::::__ _ I ladvisedl 1 lnever inauired aboutr--1 I As an asJ.ae, l lnoteCfl 1 dJ.d not I " Iadvisedp had no recollection of I I ever talkJ.~.n-g-~t-o_a_n_y_o_n_e~from th~ !Division at USAMRIID. I !further advised it was not uncommon fo~ Division personnel to collaborate with individuals from the Bacteriology Division, and even if observed I I talking to someone from the Bacteriology DivisJ.on,l !would not have thought of it to be a strange or unusual occurrence. I 0 I advised as a c::Jwas aware t at t e ivision suJ.tes contaJ.ne t e Ames strain of Bacillus anthrac2s; however, the exact location(s) within their suites was not known. I lopined that if an individual was involved in the anthrax related aerosol challenges, then an individual would have the opportunity to ~earn the location(s) of the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis within the !Division suites and/or the post-challenge material. rac2s vaccJ.ne USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011793Anthrax Page 173 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of I wav. I !thought IVINS was stranger but not in a bad I thouqht IVINS was supportive of r lhad nothincr recalled I 1t-(")rv f'"_(") I further described IVINS as a strange duck. l even though D !=lav about I r I I !recalled IVINS wanted I ItO I recalled that tori to qo outside ofl lopJ.ned J.t was not the case ot !demonstrating an J.ntent to hinder an investigation( . lmind Qprobably did not want ~o spe~dl rather inl I tJ.me and effort wJ.th FBI or J.n other words 1 non-scJ.ent~fJ.C 1 J.ssues. L-~~~~~lwas typical of the civilian scientific community at USAMRIID. Military,scientists were generally aware of and concerned with security 'issues 1 whereas 1 the civilian scientists were not concerned with security issuesr nor safety issues. In articular, I !indicated civilian scientistsr are lax in how the re ort hazardous material incidents. former of to current events at I !recalled additional details foreign visitors at USAMRIID? however familiar with ertaining to was not USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011794Anthrax Page 174 of 1446 \ . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of b6 recalled the name of I I recalled D was the USAMRIID point of contact (POC) for an individual identified on USAMRIID records as !opined USAMRIID records were referrinq tol I b6 b7D ~t~h~e~h~o~t:---~su~J.~t-e~s~a~t~U;-:::8::-:;AM:-;-:;;R=:-:I;:-=I~J?:=:--,-r~a~ t~~.n~e~r~p~r~e--s~e~n~,t~~e~~d~ research pertaining to L...,-.....,...,....--____,,...---,..._-! ldJ.d not have access to in the USAMRIID conference room. I I indicated would c:eck further to see if could definitively identify and/orl (WFO NOTE: maintained in the FD-340 associated with this communication are Internet computer printouts, provided byl I pertaining n ==r tol I lcould not recall the name of a foreign scientist from I ~ who c:::J had previously had been hotocopying too much information while at did not reco:ni?ze the name I ~-~~~-~ reJ.terate that the I I scientJ.stc::J was remembering have access to t e hot suites at USAMRIID. ? !opined although had collaborated with numerous foreign scientists, and was the USAMRIID POC for numerous foreign visitors, it was unlikely thatc:::J indifference, or lack of cooperation, in assisting the FBI in providing personal identifiers which would full identif the same was the result of rather, it was likely that such an attitude ~w-a-s--en~d-e-m~J.-c~t-o_m_o_s~t-c~ivi1ian scientists at USAMRIID. I opined! lhad a personal and professional resp~o-n_s_J.~.b-J.~.l~J.~.t~y-t~o~ provide the FBI with all pertinent personal identifiers. I I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011795Anthrax Page 175 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID L __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ j - - - - - - , On Continuation ofFD-302 of 0 6/2 8/2 0 0 6 , Page -6.- b 7C I Iadvised Owould ch):'jO.lw:.ckt.u~_ _.... l.:.:~;archived email surrounding thel ltime frame of the( !telephone call tor--lhome residence and provide any results to the interviewing Pos~Inspector or SA. Through investigation and interview! lis further described as: ~-----~ .LAST NAME..: MIDDLE NAM-E: FIRST NAME: SEX-: .Bb.CE: 8.Sl\N: .D.QB: HOME ADDRESS: HOME TELEPHONE: ?-PFEVI OUS HOME ADD.RES_S : .PREVIOUS H..OME TELEP.HGNE?: Through investigation! LAST NAME: $r..Rsx....NAME : SEX: ___... AFFILIATION?#l: AFFILIATION #2: ~~~~~~~~~--~ is further described as.: MISCELLANEOUS: USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011796Anthrax Page 176 of 1446 II';' ' FD?302 (Rev. 10?6?95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 08/30/2006 work tele hone number ~--~~----~~------~----~~--------~ After being advised of the 1 ent1ty of the agents and the purpose of the interview, provided the following information: I I I !confirmed thatc::Jwas employed with the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) froml I ldescribedl las ,.., who i~ b7C Investigation on ....0812812006 ~~~------.---. at Fort Detrick, MD -\~~ File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Date dictated PI SA 08I 3 0I 2 006 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your a;;:;,d.A./~ .-? ~..30~ I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf ----~==~----------------~~~~ 011797Anthrax Page 177 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ........__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . . J - - - - - - - , On 0 8/2 8/2 0 0 6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page _...!2~- advised that shortl incident ~~------~--~~~that after the at J.t was career employees at are motivated to complete tasks and/or research projects in as a fashion as non-career contract employees for fear of fundin for their ro'ects eliminated. last has not had any other communication wJ.t advised that on several occasions looked follow-up USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011798Anthrax Page 178 of 1446 l "' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L-----------...1------- ,On 08/28/2006 ,Page _ _:3~- b7C When asked about USAMRIID scientist BRUCg IVINS, I responded that IVINS was a nice individual, but was<not=org~a-n~i~z-e-d~ and described him as "goofy." I !recalled an incident involving IVINS that took place several years ago at USAMRIID whereby IVINS became frantic about the possibility that a shipment of Ba from P:~v;?fg Grounds had been mis-sent via Federal Express to the ____ ~ __ offices in Washington, D.C. IVINS was extremely alarmed ~a~n~~o~c~a~~t~roughout USAMRIID because he had heard on the news that a package containing anthrax had been sent to in Washington, D.C., and was concerned that this he same Ba that he was anticipating from Dugway. the incident turned out to be a hoax mailing w ~c contained a petri dish of a non-harmful substance. IVINS did receive his parcel of Ba as anticipated without incident. I !indicated that because of this incident and the hysteria created by IVINS, the hierarchy at USAMRIID ultimately changed the way in which biological agents are shipped to and from USAMRIID. Du:::v . .!insinuated that security at USAMRIID, particularly prior to September 11 2001 was extremely lax.r-Jdescribed an i~i~~l I ques~~oned. or w~tnout tne coo.J..ers oe~ng searched.. L J ~ns~nuated thatc::Jwas always amazed at the level of security that existed when entering USAMRIID compared to the lack of security demonstrated when leaving. !advised that USAMRIID employee! I worked a lot withl land would possibly kno~w~I~_-_-_-_-_-_-_---~~IT-E~e~t~ter than most employees. USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011799Anthrax Page 179 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --L.-------------1"-------- ,On 08/28/2006 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --4-b6 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011800Anthrax Page 180 of 1446 aLL ~F.EHJ FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) DATE - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 09/07/2006 social security b7C 1.ntervJ..eW1.ng the following In in the hot suites .___ __.II?rovided ent at USAMRIID immunizations a located in Buildin exclus1.vel study of~~---------------------------------------------=~~~ that Suite access to S~u-1.~.~t-r---rf~o--r__ a_p_p_r_o_x~i-m-a~t-e~l~y~--------------------------~~~~ could not recall the room number of lab in Suite did recall that c::::J lab was located ....___-::-::---:------::--:----~--' ~----------------------~~~~~~~~~~~t a walk-in refrigerator Petri plates, bottled ._g_r_o_w~t~h--m_e_d-.;-;-i_a__ a_n_d-:--~t-e-s-=-t--=t-u...,br--e-s__ w_e_r_e---s-:-t-o_r_e_d._....i.n the walk- in refrigerator. I lstored bottled growth media there~ did not maintain cultures in the walk-in refrigerator. is not aware of any material that was associated with Building being stored in this walk-in refrigerator. I lwas aw~that the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis is located in Suite~butr:=J does not know the exact location. BRUCE IVINS! _;-were responsible for distributing the Ames stra._J..~?n---.o~f~B~a--c~i~l~l~u-s _____. anthracis to researchers. I !personally never handled Bacillus anthracis. I !recalled observin a fermentor through a window in Suiterl that was assigned to The fermentor was to be utiliz~ to grow Escherichia co i or a arge scale protein purification project. I lis not certain if the fermentor was actually placed into service. I !does not work with any lyophilizers or freeze dryers and is uncertain as to their location at USAMRIID. I ldoes not recall noticing anyone that did not belong inside the hot suites. I lhas no knowledge of anyone who might have been involved in the mailings of the anthrax tainted letters. Investigation on File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\";::f\S Date dictated ~-------------r--------~ n/ a ~ ~--------~----~~--------------------~----~ I I Postal Inspector This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is lor"'" tn '""" ,.,,,. " ooooo .,.,.,......, oo bo .., oob""' oooooo , o., .....,. _ USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf I? wr J. 011801Anthrax Page 181 of 1446 I I " FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) "' o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L ______ j - - - - - - - - - - - ,On 09/07/2006 -2- and has ~~----~~~--~--~--~----------~~--~--~ worked with in aerosol1zat1on projects involving~----------~--~----~------~~s not aware of any research involving the aerosolization of dr material. has since left USAMRIID for a position at left due to the USAMRIID. politics and a erwork assoc1ate has assumed desk. for ~~~~lhas observed the following individuals working in Suites B3 and B4 of Building 1425: Kk' 'H: ....__ ___________... (has left 'fJ"SAMRIID) 1. Building! this location: ~~~----~l~c~u~r~r~e~ntly conducts research in Suitec:::Jof lhas observed the following individuals in ~----~L ~~~------------~L------~ USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011802Anthrax Page 182 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 09/06/2006 Washington Field Washington Field Office Amerithrax #3~---------------------------------, Contact: SA :::::::dB:~: I Title: ~--------------------------------~ I ~ b7C Case ID #: 2'T9A-WF-222936-USAMRII{?J ' AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 (Pending)-\~~\ Synopsis: To memorialize the work performed on the electronic evidence collected on Bruce Edwards Ivins in relation to Major Case 184. Enclosure(s): Details: One CD containing all files that were "bookmarked" during the review process. During the course of the Amerithrax investigation, Bruce Edwards Ivins consented to having his home computer, two United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) workstations, various loose media items and his USAMRIID user directory copied for review by Amerithrax investigators. The abovementioned items were imaged by Washington Field Computer Analysis Response Team (CART) members. The imaged drives were given 1B numbers and were maintained as evidentiary items. The imaged drives were loaded onto a workstation maintained in the Amerithrax workspace located in the Northern Virginia Resident Agency. Once loaded onto the workstation, the images were loaded into the software program I I scanned the imaged drives and categorized each file based on its type (i.e. email, document, spreadsheet, database, etc.). The files were then reviewed by the writer of this communication. Files that were deemed pertinent to the Amerithrax investigation were "bookmarked." Writer then exported all files that were bookmarked to a CD for review by other Amerithrax investigators. c USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011803Anthrax Page 183 of 1446 To: Re: Washi:gton From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/06/2006 F~:d Fiel~Offic~ Each image reviewed had numerous bookmarks that separated each pertinent file into a specific case related category (i.e. Ames, Anthrax, Bioport, etc.). Below is a listing of each bookmark category, a brief description of each category and the number of files bookmarked for each image: Ivins' Home Computer I- represents files written by or written ....______________.! Four files bookmarked. about Ivins' b7C 1- represents files written by or written about Ivins' ~---------~~ Two files bookmarked. Anthrax - files discussing anthrax in a general sense. files bookmarked. 61 Blindfolded - files associated with blindfolding, kidnapping or other similar interests. 147 files bookmarked but numerous files were not bookmarked because they were repetitive in nature. Contacts - individuals listed in Ivins' "Contact List." files bookmarked. Followup - files that represent items that need to be investigated further. 2 files bookmarked. Seven I 17 f1les bookmarked. 1- items written by or written aboutl ~--------~ Follow Up Items - Same as Followup listed above. bookmarked. 38 files Google Searches - Google searches performed by Ivins of a curious nature. Need to be investigated further. 19 files bookmarked. Health - file where Ivins discusses his health. bookmarked . One file .___ ___.I- file discussing .... I-----'~ One file bookmarked. KKG - files associated with the Kappa Kappa Gamma (KKG) sorority. Nine files bookmarked. Kingbadger - file about Ivins' screen name kingbadger. file bookmarked. One 2 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011804Anthrax Page 184 of 1446 To: Re: Wash;ngton From: Washington Fiel. . 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/06/2006 FfP~d Offi~e Two files b6 I bookmarked. 1- files discussing! ~--------------~ Phoenix - file where Ivins posts to an internet bulletin board about fraternities/sororities using the screen name Phoenix. One file bookmarked. Abortion - files mentioning abortion. Two files bookmarked. Docsnivi54 - file where Ivins uses the screen name docsnivi54. One file bookmarked. Loose Media Recovered in Ivins' USAMRIID Office 3 plates - file where three plates are shown in a photograph. One file bookmarked. Accomplishments- files where Ivins~~--~--~~~--~~~ discuss their scientific accomplishments in relationship to USAMRIID. These appear to be done on an annual basis. 15 files bookmarked. Amerithrax - files associated with the Amerithrax investigation. Two files bookmarked. Ames - files mentioning or discussing the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) . Six files bookmarked. Anthrax - files discussing anthrax in a general sense. files bookmarked. Bioport - files discussing Bioport. 18 Two files bookmarked. Bruce's Swabbing - file discussing Ivins' unauthorized environmental swabbing at USAMRIID. One file bookmarked. Dugway - files discussing Dugway in general or the contract where USAMRIID paid Dugway to produce Ames spores. 79 files bookmarked. FVS - short for Foreign Visiting Scientists, these are files discussing foreign scientists at USAMRIID. Two files bookmarked. Follow Up Items - Same as Followup listed above. bookmarked. 28 files I bookmarked. 1- files discussing! ~----------------~ Seven files 3 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011805Anthrax Page 185 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/06/2006 F~~d Fie~~ffi~e 19 Papers - represents published papers written by Ivins. files bookmarked. Patent - files discussing issues surrounding Ivins' patents. Two files bookmarked. Procedures - represents Standard Operating Procedures, or protocols, used at USAMRIID in experiments. 16 files bookmarked. Recipes - written recipes used to grow bacillus spores. files bookmarked. Ivins' USAMRIID User Directory 1029 - files referencing RMR 1029. Eight files bookmarked. Eight 1412 - files referencing Building 1412 at USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland. AMI - short for American Media Incorporated. bookmarked. Abortion - files mentioning abortion. Three files Two files bookmarked. Accomplishments - file where Ivins discussed his scientific accomplishments in relationship to USAMRIID. These appear to be done on an annual basis. One file bookmarked. Address Book - files from Ivins' address book. bookmarked. Two files Ames files mentioning or discussing the Ames strain of Ba. 97 files bookmarked. Anthrax Conference - in 2001, USAMRIID sponsored an Anthrax conference that was held in Annapolis, Maryland. Files discuss this conference. Two files bookmarked. Battelle - files that reference Battelle Corporation. files bookmarked. Two ~--~~--~newspaper article discussing the search ~----~!homes. One file bookmarked. Bioport - files discussing BioPort Corporation. bookmarked. ofl ~------~ Four files 4 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011806Anthrax Page 186 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/06/2006 F"~d Fie~Offi~e b6 l~------------~1~-~ files discussing I 1~.--------------~~ Three files booKffi'~a-r~k-e-a~.----------------~ ~n-a-.t_u_r_e~to be reviewed by !Review - Items bookmarked that were ~cientific in SAl jAmerithrax #2. 75 files bookmarked. ~b~o~o~kffi~a~r~k~ed. 1- files discussin~ ~--------------~ Three files Mailing Reference - files that discuss the anthrax mailings. Two files bookmarked. Mikesell - Files referencing Perry Mikesell, a former scientists at Battelle who is now deceased. One file bookmarked. Misc. -miscellaneous items pertinent to-the Amerithrax investigation. 21 files bookmarked. Patent - files discussing issues surrounding Ivins' patents. 32 files bookmarked. Pictures - Anthrax bookmarked. pictures of anthrax. 24 files Potency Team- files associated with Ivins' membership on the anthrax vaccine potency team. 33 files bookmarked. SOPs - represents Standard Operating Procedures, or protocols, used at USAMRIID in experiments. 27 files bookmarked. Timeline - files to be used to timeline Ivins' whereabouts during the mailing window. Four files bookmarked. Vellum 1B 189 - files discussing Vellum 1B 189. bookmarked. Seven files I 1- files discussing! Four files bookmarked. 6 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011807Anthrax Page 187 of 1446 To: Re: Wa~h~ngton F"ld From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Ifiles referencing bookmarked. Washington Field Office 09/06/2006 o o ~T~w-o--f~1~'les ~--------------------------------~ b6 b7C FBI - files mentioning the FBI or employees of the FBI. files bookmarked. Ivins' Office Workstation 37 Ames - files mentioning or discussing the Ames strain of Ba. Four files bookmarked. Anthrax - files discussing anthrax in a general sense. files bookmarked. Six B3 - files discussing USAMRIID laboratory B3 within Building 1425. Blindfold - file discussing blindfolding. bookmarked. One file Bruce's Swabbing - file discussing Ivins' unauthorized environmental swabbing at USAMRIID. Two files bookmarked. Contacts - individuals listed in Ivins' "Contact List." files bookmarked. FBI - files mentioning the FBI or employees of the FBI. files bookmarked. Follow Up - files that represent items that need to be investigated further. 45 files bookmarked. 23 22 I 1- picture of One file bookmarked. ~------------------------------------~ Lyopholize - files referencing lyopholization. bookmarked. Two files files discussing~~----------------~~ One file bookmarked. c===J- Mise - miscellaneous items pertinent to the Amerithrax investigation. 2 files bookmarked. SOPs - represents Standard Operating Procedures, or protocols, used at USAMRIID in experiments. One file bookmarked. Kappa - files associated with the Kappa Kappa Gamma (KKG) sorority. One file bookmarked. 7 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011808Anthrax Page 188 of 1446 . ' o o I To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field Office 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/06/2006 BS Workstation - used by several individuals including Ivins Follow Up - file that represents items that need to be investigated further. One file bookmarked. Summary Each of the abovementioned bookmarks and files can be found in the c==Jgenerated report located in the enclosed CD . oo 8 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011809Anthrax Page 189 of 1446 Date Received --~~---------i!-/ ______...--____ ........ -? To Be Returned 0 Yes Receipt Given D Yes D No Grand Jury Material- Dissemirt Only Pursuant to Rule Federal Rules of Criminal Pro dure D Yes D No Federal Taxpayer Informa ?on (FTI) D Title: D No -g-fJLLJJb Reference: -----------~------------~--------(Communication Enclosing Material) 1'""0 ~ \ Description: 0 Original notes re interview of ' '? USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011810Anthrax Page 190 of 1446 ' . ' ( ( 0 ., :~?~~4 ?' ~t \ \, \ '? USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011811Anthrax Page 191 of 1446 ... . " ~? )'. ,.? . Date litle litre :::::::::::-::::~~~~:~::~i2=f~~:::::~~- :=~: : : : : ::: .:::::::::::::::;Zit.:\~=;:~c:::::::: : ? :::=:::::::~:::::::?:?:::::::::: ooo~oooonno~oooooooooooooooooooouooooooooo=.....-.~?- .:'!"/:":,.::::: ... ooo o .-.=ooooo:1!'!1'!!,nooooowoooooooouooonnoooho0?oooouowooooooouooooooouoooooooonuooooooo~o~ oooooooooooooooooOOoOOoooonooooouuoooooooooooooooooOonooouuoouoooOooooooooooooowuoonooooooooooooooooo~oooooooooooouooooooooooo~oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooouooooooooooooooouooooooooooo"oooooooono~oooooooooooooooooonooooouohoooooo~oouoououowoooo onooooonnnoooooooonouoooooooonouoouooooouooouooooooooooouooooooooooooouooouooooooooooooouooooooono~oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooouoouoooooooo oou"oooooooooooooooooo~oonoooooooooooooooooooooooouo~ooooo"ooooooooooooouooooooooouooooooooooouoouoooouoooooouoooooooooooooououoouoooouooooooohu oooouoUooohoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooouooooo 0 oooooo~~ooooooooooooooooooo~ooooooooooooooo~ooooooouo~ooooooooooooouooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,, ., ~? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooouoooooouooo~ouooouooonooooowooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooonooooooooooooooooooooooooooooonooooooooOooo uooooooooooooooooou~ouoouoo.,ooooouooooooooooooooooooouoooooooooouoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooouoooooowooooooooooooooooooooooonoooo~oooonn ............... .._ ........................................................ .............. ........................................................................................ . ~ ~ ; ( USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011812Anthrax Page 192 of 1446 .. ( ' " o fl.:. o t oo ~ ,, -.o \. \ '< USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011813Anthrax Page 193 of 1446 ~(R~. 01-.lll-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 09/07/2006 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: PI ~------------------------~ b?c Approved By: ?1 Drafted By: . (Pending) ... \~'\.~ Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX Major Case 184 Synopsis: To provide a periodic update regarding identification and tracking of fermentors in place at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) prior to the anthrax mailings, obtained from collected documentation and reviews of FD-302os. Details: One fermentor was located and positively identified as having been in place at USAMRIID, in Building! around the time of the anthrax mailings. Additional fermentors have been identified with an undetermined final disposition date. Available Propert Accountin Online Maintenance Records were collected from at USAMRIID, and at USAMRIID. Maintenance record information includes the hand receipt holder code, the stock and model number, and various service dates. The equipment is also identified by an internal USAMRIID code called the MMCN number. I b7C 150-Liter Fermentor: Room~~----~ The TF-150 New Brunsw1 k fermentor, MMCN N.,.u~mb~e_r_I__~Ol Stock Number was known as Big \Sertha. ThroughOut varibus interviews ~h1s arge or u y ermentor has been described with volumes varying from 100-Liters to 300-Liters by the interviewees best recollection. It was installed intol lafter the removal of the wall because it was too lar e to fit through the doorway. The fermentor was not portable. 1 recalled that there were two of these fermentors in Bu1 They were both acquired between 1980 and 1985. 2 As Yl the r ! I b6 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011814Anthrax Page 194 of 1446 ,To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/07/2006 ~d in Fie~ On a supports the research of laboratories by providing exper~1~s~e~in cell culture, protein expression, and protein purification as well as growing cells. The contract describes the rela~ionship between the two entities as "Temporary housing and maintenance of USAMRIID fermentors in exchange for unfettered use by a contractor plus scheduled runs for USAMRIID. " 3 A copy of a photograph fromL I USAMRIID Horizon newspaper article shows Big Bertha and the two,Ei6stat Braun Biotech\fermentors at their current off-base locatiOh. 1 ):;6 b7C the fermentor was used fairly ize. 4 It has had various operators to include: material used C. Botulinum between 1991-1 93; material used E.Coli, B. Subtilis, and delta-Sterne 1991 1997; 6 r---l I I material used FV-1 antigen; ~~------~lmateriaT-used Ster'he' strain of Ba; I I materi'al used water. infrequentL,:-1-y-d-=-u-e-~t-o---:oi'"'!"t-s--!.lar e Dur~ !employment individuals recalled thatc:Jused the fermentor in Rooml lfor attenuated strains of anthrax; protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) 1 and edema factor (EF) studies. and has fermented B. subtilis. b7C b7F I ' I stated I I described a second as being Big Bertha's twin. It.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-----~ I transferr:d It is s~u-r_m_1_s_e~~~~~-.--~-~-~-~---~~~~~~ J to th facility at USAMRIID this fermentor was relocated not in place during the anthrax mailings. c==]who was identified as using Big Bertha and its twin 1 originally obtained these fermentors from the Salk Institute for use with C. botulinum in direct support of vaccine production with a deadline from the Pentagon in support of Operation Desert Storm. Around that time frame/ the fermentors were both located at USAMRIID in Building! lin Biologica~l~--~ Production Lab 11 ~ and now known as roomsD and respectively. 8 ....______. b2 b"7 F D I 75-Liter Fer.mentor: Room~ 1 fermentor no MMCN Number, no Stock Number, described bein lass-lined was housed inl I during the a 75-liter fermentor 1980's. ~=--~--~~~~~r-~~--~ grow colonies .of attenuqted located in Room delta-Sterne ~~~ racis. " 9 Other operators 2 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011815Anthrax Page 195 of 1446 ,To: Re: Washington F~d From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 Washington 09/07/2006 Fie~ include: I I Big Bertha replaced the older 75-Liter fermentor therefore it is surmised that the 75-Liter fermentor would not have been in place during the time of the anthrax mailings. Final disposition records for this fermentor were unavailable. 1 20-Liter Fermentor:D The Biostat Braun Biotech fermenfo~ro._.M~M~CgN~N~l~lm~~~e~r~l,~---~ Stock Number 664001C060025, was located in ~ . ~-------r---~~~------------------~r Operators incl~u-,d~e"d~~--------~a-n-d~ This fermentor was relocated to KBI in~2~0~0~5~--~ 30-Liter Fermentor:l~---~ 1 b2 F The Biostat Braun Biotech fermentor Stock Number 6640'01C060026, was located in ~.......:T~h.....,.l... s~f~e~r--m e n~t_.o__ ____ r~w--a~s~r--e~l......... o c a~t~ed 1 MMCN Number I No~ator in~~o~r~m~a~1~o~n~a~v=a~1~a'"r.! toL__J in 2 0 0 5 . I !indicated that the newer fermentors were the Braun Biotech fermentors and that the New Brunswick fermentors likely predate 2001. 12 20-Liter Fer.mentor: Room~~------~ 'b6 b2 b7F Final disposition records for this fermentor were unavailable. S-Liter & 20-Liter: Fer.mentor This fermentor no MMCN Number/ no Stock Number was used for pilot runs and was possibly located in Operators included: I I materiai~u~s~e~a~r~P~A~for anthrax vaccine in the 1990's. ~rn the 1990s,l I under the d1rect1on of 1 I I 1nant vers1on o these fermentors were 3 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011816Anthrax Page 196 of 1446 1 To: Re: Washington ~d From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/07/2006 Fie~ 5 Liter Fer.mentor: Room~~--~ wa~ located inl nswick fermentor, MMCN Number ~----~lstock Number The Bio F Property Accounting run Lb6 ] date 050~1 the ? Operatib7c included: material used delta-Sterne. This fermento:b2 :ts lent to by Bruce\Ivins. 15 It was used for pilot b 7F fermentation runs. It i~ possible that the S-Liter fermentor mentioned above used for pilot fe~mentation runs and this ~ntor are one and the same. This fermentor was relocated to I? ~..,....--__, FBI Agentl lwas contacted about the theory of a feasible working volume for a fermentation run. He stated the minimum volume would have to come from the manual of operations for a particular fermentor but theorized that' a fermentor would have.to be at least 75% full to operate as designed. In a 250-L fermentor this would be approximately 188-L. The culture used to innoculate this would be 19-L, if using 10% inoculum. With regard to making a determination to examine the fermentors more closely via environmental sampling the writer believes that the 150-L fermentor "Big Bertha" would have been difficult to operate innocuously and discrejtlyldue to its large size. The fermentors that were relocated to (to include Big Bertha) were probably deconned before leaving USAMRIID, although no official documentation could be retrieved. At this time, no official record of Ba Ames having been fermented was located and the usage time frames, materials used, and protocols for the smaller fermentors have not been fully determined. Additional review of documents from the Automated Lo istics Re uisitionin System (ALORES) from~~~----~--.~~~-~-~~-----~ I lat USAMRIID is bein compiled and reviewed for identification information for the above mentioned fermentors. Attached to and considered part of this documents is the B3/B4 Fermentor Chart. The investigation is continuing. 4 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011817Anthrax Page 197 of 1446 1 To: Washington Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 09/07/2006 ~d From: Washington Fie~ oo l.(U) FD-302 o~.__ _ _ _ _ _ ___.~ Sub USAMRIID Serial1544 o~ b7C 2.(U) FD-302 1- Sub USAMRIID Seriall532 3.(U) Collected item lA 67871 INov 05.xis0nnual Inventory Check and Correction, Property Accounting System Sub Hand Receipt, Solicitation/Contract/Order for I ? Commercial Items and State!!lent of Work froml 4.(U) FD-302 o~..__ _ _ _ _ _ ___.l- Sub USA1v1RIID Serial1544 5.(U) FD-302 ofl 6.(U) FD-302 7.(U) FD-302 1- Sub POI Serial4330 o~ 1- Sub POI Serial1501 1- Sub USAMRIID SerialD ~--------------------~ o~ 8.(U) USAMRIID Horizon Article _9.(U) FD-302 o~ 1- Sub POI Serial1501 lO.(U) Collected item lA 67870nventoryNov 05.xls,Qnnual Inventory Check and Correction, Property Accounting System Sub Hand Receipt, Solicitation/Contract/Order for Commercial Items and Statement of Work fron1 I ll.(U) Collected item lA 67870Inventory Nov 05.xls~ual Inventory Check and Correction, Property Accounting System Sub Hand Receipt, Solicitation/Contract/Order for Commercial Items and Statement of Work froml I 12.(U) FD-302 o~..__ _ _ _ _ _ ____.l- Sub USA1v1RIID Serial1532 1- Sub USAMRIID Serial1532 13.(U) FD-302 o~ 14.(U) USA1v1RIID Horizon Article! I? 15.(U) FD-302 o4..__________.1- Sub POI Serial1501 5 USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011818Anthrax Page 198 of 1446 Fermentors MMCN1 Common Name,.1 P1~92. . .1- Big. ~e1~a*, 1Typet,2,7,e TF71 ~~w Bfl!nS~jp~. ~q ~~pproximate1 .3.~.7~~tockta Volume INumhAr 159?L '"' , 1 Previous l:J.M,I,e ~~urrent " Location Location 003 1-003 1-003 003 003 003 - ~~~. ~ig,Be~~~?s ~!~:. I 1 'n ,..,.,....,, "''' -~~Q?L "' ""~' - o o F4368 F4369 05651 3. Fennentor 4. Fennenfor 5. Fennenfot ~ 6. Fennentor Biosfaf Braun Biotech Biostat Braun Biotech Bio Flow Ill New Brunswick New Brunswick 20?L 30-L 3?L 20?L 1-~ ~ Operator4?~?1 Date 1980?1985 1980-1985 1980?1985 1980?1985 1980?1985 1980?1985 1980?1985 1980?1985 005 n/a 005 n/a ~~urchase 3 ~~pproximate ' .M. II 34 nla .,._..- n/a ~ Z? fe~~n!Of oo..o. .(~IB.fS1i~~~) . ~ 8. Fennentor 2.(U)FD?302o~"'-_.-..._.....,.SubU~ItDSertal1532 3, (U) USAMRIID Horizon Artl~e !Braun Biotech tormentors are newer and New Brunswick brand fermentors probably predated 2001. 'Po~ All cells with aslash mark ormation) have no supporting statements, documents, or Indicators at this time. 1. (U) Collected item 1A 678 nventol}' NovoS.xlsnnnuallnventol}' Check and Correction, Property Aceounting System Sub Hand Receipt, Solicitatio!VContrad/Oroer for Commercial Items and Statement of Work r r o Q ----- 7~~- '" nla 5?U20?L ---- --- _...-- nla _...-- n/a ~nla T!meframe Used Material Used:i.' -----Water 1991?1997 E.coli, B.Subti/lus, Delta-Steme 1992-1996 Bacillus anthracis (PA) FV-1 anUgen StemeStrain 1991?1993 C. Botulinum 1991?1993 Pentavalent Botulinum Toxiod 1991?1993 Pentavalent Botulinum Toxiod 2003 n/a 2003 nla 1990?1994 2000 delta?Steme or delta-Ames 1980s delta?Steme ------- b7C 1990s ------- ---rPA for anthrax vaccine, pilot 4.(U)F0.302o]....-....1;.:::::!:~~~ 5, (U) FD?302 of Sub USAMRIID SeriaiD 6,(U)FD?302o 7.(U)F0.302o Su S.(U) Property ceount1ng ysem u aildRecelpt 067 Revised09/8/06 Ss USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011819Anthrax Page 199 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 09/15/2006 ...,::;.::.;:.;:;;....:;:.;;;;.went~ty o ._____.I provided agents an following advised that States Army Med~cal Researc Inst~tute o (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The at USAMRIID first worked for I research pertaining to !assisted with th~e~---------------~-a~l~s-0--~ assisted with the I lad~,:-v-~.,..?-s-e~d~t~h-a-=t--r-,__w_a_s--=i-m_m_u_n_~.,..?-z-e'""~d_a_g_a~i~n-s-t=----j~l"'!;'~-a-g-e-n-t=-s__. uponc::Jarr~val to USAMRIID. ~ing this time period never went into a hot suit~, nor didl_jwork with Bacillus ant rac~s (Ba) . I lalso recalled workinq with I I 1 _L_ ldid not recall working with any foreign scientist; however does recall seeing two scientists at USAMRIID whom believed were from I I known only to c::J as I._____ :T~ I D n Investigation on ----~~-------- 09/05/2006 at Fort MD Date dictated ~------------------- File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\: PI n/ a SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ;::: d~A7"7?~ . ~ D .: ( USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011820Anthrax Page 200 of 1446 FD-302~ (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of andl !reiterated that during! lat USAMRI ID"O did not have access to any of t~h~e:--lfil:"ol:"t~-=su:-:-:!"~-:~::t-=-e-=-s~.---___. ~----------B_e~g~i_n_n~ing on or around I I for approximately~!~~----~ advised that USAMRIID underwent a significant re~--~-~--r-e-s~ultin bein transferred to a new division This division was later advised that durin the a,-------r-a-n-a'""'~l~"""y zed .... and two occas~ons side of Building! L..---~--or--w-o_r...,kr-"1'"~-n-g_w...,~-:-t""'~"h~a...;.,.;;;.;-;.;;.---.;;;.-;;;.;-;..;;---.;;;.-;;.;;-;..;-;..-....;-;;.;-;;;...,;;;.;;r-.;;;.--'.., in the hot s._,i:-dor-e__. _....... approximately ...._ _____ (WFO NOTE: maintained in the FD-340 associated with this communt'cation are USAMRIID floor plans which were provided to I _for review. ) In ongoing attem to chronologically det~a~~~?l~-_.~~~~ assignments at USAMRIID, advised that around began working for in Buildin~g~----~~~~ that time was the assisted with aerosolizing of the challenge material and the ensuing animal challenges. c:Jworked with many biological agents, including Ea. also did some work for Dr. BRU IVINS and recalled that the ~----------_.w~o~r~k~i~n~....;f;;;.o;;.;r~--~~-~back then werel I described role with the chal b6 interaction with I lwas asked to expound on the nature ofc==] Ba duringc::::::::Jwork at USAMRIID. Oadvised that USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011821Anthrax Page 201 of 1446 FD-30ia (Rev. 10-6-95) o but was not certain if o 09/15/2006 ,Page _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ---1..._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,On _.:3::___ did or not. recalled b7C 1 not now w ere t e Ba came f~om or where at USAMRIID Ba was stored but recalled that~~-~--------~~ I !brought the material over from Building 1425... , advised that part of r l work responsibilities included the L-~~~ladvised that employees from other sections of USAMRIID would often come over to observe the animal challenges. c::Jreiterated that there were a lot of people in and out of Bu1ldingl I After viewing the floor plans of Building~--~ I I identified roomc=J as the lab rlworked in. Room the yre,ominant room used for aerosol enallenges. that did not know where the Ba was stored and~~~w-a-s~never responsible for retrieving the Ba material used for the animal cha~lenges.c==Jindicated tha~would not know how to grow Ba or any other biological agents. ? ? b 7c I lwas advised that a review of USAMRIID key card access records pertaining to buildings I I and I I indicated that ani lhad accessed various locations within both buildings at unusual and awkward times of the evening and early morning. When asked to recall and attempt to explain the irregular work hours on this date, I !struggled to provide an answer. Initiallyc::Jcould not ex lain wh would have been in the buildings between or what type of work or projectc::Jmay ave ee~ wor 1ng on. After considerable . thought and prodding, I !opined that during the time period immediately surrounding the terrorists attacks on September 11, 2001, USAMRIID officials, in response to the terrorists attacks in New York and Washington, D.C., and rumors associatin the anthrax laced letter mailin s with USAMRIID, The initiative was called the USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011822Anthrax Page 202 of 1446 I~ o FD-30ia (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - : - - - ,On 09/15/2006 ,Page--=--- ~~~~~--~~----~~-~-~lcould not justify in~own mind what would have caused to work the unusually awkward hours onl lalso intimated that around the time period ofl lhad been extremely busy and working many late nights trying to finish a paper so that it could be published as well as having to attend college classes in the evenings. c::]did not recall having any involvement with research in the hot suites of the Bacteriology Division during the above mentioned time period. In continued attempts to account forc::Jpresence in 1425 and 1412 at the times and date mentioned above 1 lained thatc::Jhad no reason for being ln anyl I ~--~~--~ suites and that could onl recall having accessed ~-~ suite maybe one time in indicated that of c::J time at USAMRIID was spent in suites. I !advised that at some point inl I lwas not aware of any dry work being conducted at Ba or an other biological agents.c::Jadvised was involved in aerosolizing agents for U8AMR~I~I~D-.,-----~ra~d~v~i~s-e-d~t~h~atc::]had attended some meetings at USAMRIID whereby dis~ions took place pertaining to a dry aerosolize~t thatL__Jwas not aware of anr actual dry work being conducted.L_jalso recalled! _talking about drying and/or aerosolizing materiai but that 1t was just talk and that the talk eventually subsided. This subject matter was discussed for a ~-a-r-d~1~'n USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011823Anthrax Page 203 of 1446 ' FD-30ia (Rev. 10-6-95) o --1.-------------------'0n 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 09/15/2006 ,Page --5- short period of time at several of thel I meetings. I lwas not aware of the existence of any plans which involved drying or transforming liquid Ba into a dry? powder form. follows: ~---~~opinions of the following co-workers are as 1) BRUCE IVINS:, Did not know very well, but thought he was very serious about his work and thought he walked with a slight limp. 7) Did not know or offer any opinion of ~~---~ In closing, !advised thatc::Jnever removed any select agents from hot su1tes while at USAMRIID.I )provided interviewing agents withc==Jbank account and vis~ cred1t card account information in attempts to further account for! whereabouts during the time period of the anthrax mail1ngs. was asked to submit to a polygraph examination on this date a~n~a~-~ agreed to do so. I I I USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011824Anthrax Page 204 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 18 6869 ~ 7071 72 ~ 737475 -76 7778 ~ 79808! ~ 828384 ~ 85b6, b7C b6, b7C, b7E b6. b7C, b7Eb6. b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7E b6. b7C, b7Eb6. b7C, b7Eb6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E- USAMRIID Section 3b.pdf 011825Anthrax Page 205 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o ,, oo - 1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF. INVESTIGATION ~0~3w..l....=2c-=2..~-1.=.2.:::..0~07.:___b 6 On or about January 1, 2007 "(Subject: HaPPY nEW YEAR STYLE- BLESSED BY aMBIEN) I eel Lots caffeineatee bevereages -pumped me today. like I;m flyinh Hope yuou havea great parttuuy and ;lots of great convesation, Wehn I start writing thesethings, theyu;re no telling where they'llscoer I guess i can just wish your fine family a fine 2006. I hoe to hear form ou when you have a cheance" N/A by L_____________________ r----------------------------------------------------b6 -----------------b2 b7D This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011826Anthrax Page 206 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o oo 0 3/1 0 /2 0 0 7 , Page --=2__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDJ~--------------~ Continuation ofFD-302 of _----::.c~o:!..!on~f=-=1:..:.d~e""'n~t~i~a==l--=i~n...,f~o:..::r:.ol:lm~a:.:n.:..!t:::..?_ __..:_____ . On January 22, 2007 "When I take ambien, I can always tell when it takes effect, because I start to get this quiet euphor~a. It hasn't happened yet." This week IVINS had more mouse challenges and late nights planned. He planned to check new sporulation media (NSM) and sheep blood auger (SBA) spores. the end of the month. What's more is have come back ?and said the~same thing uestions about ou.' ('You' meaning It's very emotionally draining, ( ... ), to know that people think that I could or would be a killer/terrorist. I didn't mail the spores and didn't bioweaponize them, and I hope against hope that nobody took USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011827Anthrax Page 207 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o oo , Page _ _;3:;___ b7D 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID~~----------------~ Continuation ofFD-302 of _ ___,c:;::.;o n......._f""'i"""d""'e"""n...,t"""i"""a""'l...._~ n._.....f"""o'""'r....,m...,.a...,.n...,t"'-------- , On 0 3 I 1 0 I 2 0 0 7 .... .... ? a strain or some spores that led directly or indire'ctly to the anthrax mailings. Now we've added several layerw o security, incluidin fingerprint recognistisn" USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011828Anthrax Page 208 of 1446 o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID _.. I tlO) 1 o PI Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), ~------~, and after reviewing and signing a Non Disclosure Agreement, provided interviewing agents with access to FOIA requests made prior to 9/J 1 regarding anthrax I The information contained in the reviewed files did not generally indicate who had made the request, what information was sought, or the response provided by USAMRIID. ~ numb~r of files ere.labeled w~~th?the names of ::imary 1.nvest1. at'or BRUCE IVINS, I _ __ and t con~t~a~ih~~~'~o-n~l-y__ c_o_p_l._e_s__ o~f--~o~?-e----~ invest1.gators' ications dating back to 1983. Additional files of not~ contained questions from .----------_...Q...,p"'"": reviewed document titled I J was located in a file lab~e~l~e~a~l--------------~~ and contained information under the headings Date of Item, Type of Item, Originating Office, Subject, and Date Sent for FOIA. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011829Anthrax Page 209 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 4 /1 0 /2 0 0 7 b7C b7D An individual who is not in the position to testify, provided the following information in the form of emails. In an attempt to protect the identity of the individual, the emails will be summarized by the'writer. The emails are from BRUCE E. IVINS of the U.S. Army Medical Re earch Institute of Iniect Diseases (USAMRIID) 1 They are a . March 21, 2007 IVINS decided his sleep problems will not be remedied by changing his bedtime routine. He believed his problem to be related to his emotional/mental problems. He also mentioned that he has a psychiatrist who allowed medication to sleep. ?IVINS talked about federal law enforcement authorities accusing him of being involved in murder and terrorism. He also mentioned that he didn't really care to be "considered as one of the semi-finalists in the 'who are the anthrax terrorists' contest." D March 24, 2007 IVINS discussed his belief that he inherited "the genes for faulty wiring and chemistry in the brain." He hopes. that his retirement will take care of the sleep problem, however, he believed the depression medication will stay. IVINS also talked more about his depression and ~dication. IVINS stated that he didn't have it in him to be a killer'or terrorist, and he would never knowingly play any part in anything that dealt with killing or? terrorism. He was also bothered by the possibility that something they made or purified or gave to somebody else, either inside or outside of USAMRIID, could have wound up in the wrong hands. Investigation on I 3 /2 6/2 0 0 7 I at L______________r-------------------Date dictated File # by 27 9A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -[tid SA b2 b6 ~--~------------- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 4.pdf O11830Anthra>< Page 210 ?f1446 gw] BACK PAGE 4 lj, 4 011831Anthrax Page 211 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1 ": o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 5/ 0 3 /2 0 0 7 is currentl I r------=W=h=i=le.;........;a......;.t;;........;U=S=AM;;;;...;.;;..;R=I=ID;;;;__f=r;;;;...o;;..;.m;..;...~.I_--,..JI tol U r-------------------~~~~---r------~1 while working in. the I 1 D~ v~s~on ?I I worked u;..::n:.;:;;:d:.;:;;:e.:.r_.l_ _ _ _ _...---~1 .__a"~'.-l:"""{..,.ni!"'JLal("'!.{-1:......,..~"='= rm~e.--.B.'~'~""~"'J.""so durinq t'r=-"!!"n~~s~t:-=!~~m~e period I I worked only u:JIL--....,.....____,...........1 dur~ng th~s t~me. I meetings with people that worked in thel 1 recollection,! by ~ 1never went int~ I attended \ IDivijion) 1 'l'o tne nest of b~ilding I I hired I ~-'\~~~--~------~--~.-----------------~lwas Ifor a position in I I I withinr I ~._~----------------------~~-----=~la~ss~sted in llaboratory was at USAMRI ID I I laboratory w~th~n the I ~----------~1~1-a~b-o-r-a~torv at USAMRIID at the time. ID~v~s~on I I .____-:--____________.was involved with a project, which took Investigation on b6 .__------------~--------------------------------------?b7C Date dictated ~-------------------------- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 4.pdf O11832Anthra>< Page 212 ?f1446 BACK PAGE A 4 011833Anthrax Page 213 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo oo ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L ____________ j - - - - - - 05/01/2007 I ,Page_-=-- olace in buildinal lrecalled thatl Iandi ldurina these anthrax vaccinatil\ I I studies. also worked withl I I \ I b7C work with I non-~nfectious I has never wor~th live Ea and has only done Ea. L____j has never grown Ea. When asked about the protocol for assigning numbers to samples at USAMRIID ,1 I stated that:. a process did not exist for the numbering or labeling of samples at the institute. Each individual investigator was responsible for number,ing their samples and the samples from their laboratory were meticulously labeled and documented. I !explained that the reference material receipt (RMR) nu~~::ew:re used as a system to identify critical reagents. stated that, with this system, investigators working i boratory would know to test a reagent when the lab received a new batch number. This system was used in the ~--~llaborat uestioned as to what other individuals would be familiar with fhW ::: I ~em used laboratory. I !stated ~ and would be familiar with this sys m. When ques io~outc==] knowledge of howl 11 samples were numbered,L____j stated~ not adv?~J.:-s=e=--"""~n-=o~w=-------l Bacteriology ran their laboratories. 11 did not have any interaction with labeling or numbering samp es in the USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011834Anthrax Page 214 of 1446 . ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _____________ J - - - - - , On OS/ 01/2 0 07 , Page _..::;3__ ....__--~---~~Division . ._____.I statedD never any Ba samples. I I was resoonsible for I grew or labeled I in place ,I When auestioned whether a Quality Assurance Proqram was !advised the interviewinq aqents thatl I I IPrlmary responslblllty was tol t.lme perloa,l I stated \thatl I L I Du~~g this 1 was noc proauclnq an ancnrax vaccin . I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011835Anthrax Page 215 of 1446 .J ( o .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of meetings attend an ~--------~----~~s questioned about attending! meetings , but D did not re._m_e_irib-,...-e-r--a-:-t-:-t-e-n-d"'"J.,...n_g __. ___ any such meetJ.ngs. that there was Ba in building 1412 stated there was not ,a lot of control over Ba rri:r ~o September 11, 2001, and that it was not very "guarded." stated however, that there was never any concern or ques J.on in~ mind that the peoplec===Jworked wit~ were honest. ,. ~----~~knew .I I b6 When asked about the personalities of fellow USAMRIID employees,! ltold the interviewing agents that "scientists are quirky._..,.,."--r-1--..L...;:;;;..;:;.;I stated IVINS is a "quirky 11 guy. I . !said that IVINS was always very nice toc==Jand talked a lot about USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011836Anthrax Page 216 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L - - - - - - - - - - - , J - - - - - - , On 05/01/2 0 07 ,Page--==- t---.....lr-s-:-t-a-:-t-e---:d::--p-e_o_p---:1::-e___.made that nobody seemed to be disgruntled. the usual "gripes" about the job, but most ~mployees would remain at USAMRIID for a long period of time.L I stated not.many people left employment at USAMRIID. I added ~----~I does remain in contact with~~_ _ _ _ ____.I who has since retired from USAMRIID. At the conclusion of the intervi~ lwas presented with a Non-disclosure Agreement form which voluntarily agreed to sign. I I reviewed the contents of the form and signed it in the presence of the interviewing agents. Original not~s from this i n c ? as well as the Non-disclosure Agreement signed b on May 01, 2007 will be kept in the FD-3~0 section of t e ~ e, serial 1A 7290. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011837Anthrax Page 217 of 1446 279A-WF-22293 6-USAMRIID -?) 71 1 o s1 o b6 1 The followinT investigation was conducted on May 08 20071 by Special Agent lof the Federal Bureau of Investigation: As (DOB) : reviously ~IB-f..e.<;;t.J:A\!?~~?l~~~~R.~ ID) Per UCE IVINS whJ.le employErcf at USAMRIIDI lworked on the\anthrax vaccine (279A-WF-222936USAMRIID, Serial 1417). A quer~of ?available keycard access records (08/1998 through 05/2002) fori I met with negative results. Fo_r~ .. )::!etr.J:.Qk"':}"Al:i!Ma.r:y.:.J:ancii"'. 1 I e.,.:_s~_,,.,.~?..~Sl,;J;;9~:;t:;RS?t:.i!.:tB:u.E-.e::::e: ..::_,.;.<.?E2Qe:r;JY:::-;:w:a?S-:!'1erlt~?J:oy.ed~a.~tll~TJ,:g.;J. te_d St~~t~9. Army ~~~;_.b...jl~<;~kt~~S,.<;QJ:l~bl:\IJ.a~~~ {sSAN) : r~-orted, I ~Da~T ~irth D USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011838Anthrax Page 218 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) oo - 11 ......__ _ _ _ _-,...._ _ __,.~, o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05/09/2007 b6 _?ocial Security Account Number ?a'U..e-<~r?f.-B~?~t;:h:-.:(tE>B?)~~ l was in~erviewed, as pre-ar anged,_ a ~la~e-of_ernnlg~?U~,~t~e Un1 ted-St..a,t:es,..:.A-Frny---Med::L: ? a-.l~Re?s?ea:t?e1a.....:E-n-stt:L~U?1:.re-o,f-J?.r..J..:fiaQJ;:,.:J:.QUS p;i ??9:.$..?.S""r.{JJ_BAMR-:I..::&B?)ijf.7'*"B0? ~.e:&a.-..i-.c;;.~~q,;~;;yJ.gu,.q, on the afternoon of May 04, 2007. After bei advised of the identity of the interviewing Special Agen (SAs) and the nature of the interview, I jprovided the f lowing information. ( SSAN,L.: b7D ~----------~~ responded, queried as to the As an aside,~~~~========Lin~o~t~e~d~U~S~AM~R~I~I~D~d~l~?d~n~o~t~s~t~a~r~t~ with "Ames" until Other strains available at I USAMRIID dur1ng th1s per1od also 1ncluded: I Investigation on File# by --~~~--~---- 05/04/2007 at Frederick, Maryland ft;, Date !lictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\ ( SA SA 007 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011839Anthrax Page 219 of 1446 o.. /.c FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 05/04/2007 2 Continuation ofFD-302 of ,Page --~--------------------~-------------- ------- .___----~--~...... was specifically queried as ro whAr !=:rrAins of Bacillus anthracis USAMRIID would receive from I I b7D .___________~_.ld.~V.1 rl~----------lh~~~~~--------~l~a~d~v~isedl !=:ion Is I I su~tes USAMRIID,~c_i_r_c_a~l==~--_.....lthroughl c:tt:J.r~nq !worked in the I lat I I Iorinedl I was a verv competent ladvised~~~~~--~---------.~~--~~--~1 of Bac~llus anthrac~s w ile at USAMRIID. 1~...-__-:--~---.r---'1 advised_l~...-~_.1 had located! lupAMRIID laboratory notebook and provided the same for review. The following items of interest were noted by the interviewing SAs pertaining to I lusAMRIID laboratory notebook which was entitled: USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011840Anthrax Page 220 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo (WFO NOTE: o b6 ,Page _ ___ 3 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --'===========::!__ _ _ _ _ _ , On 05/04/2 0 07 anthracis, also known as 1029, from I lreceivej, the Ames.sfrain BB~E ~L~S ln_ of Bacillus I -the first use of 1029 was on "use B. Ivins spore stock~-----~----~--~ USAMRIID #1029 dilute 1:10 in 1 ~1 60 ?C 30 min glass tube plate 5 ~1 on plates (3)incubate at 37 ?C 11 agar -thel lpage of the notebook was dated 1 _ _ _ __.1? and .... numbered I I advised available for further review. I I I ._1_ _ _ _ _..... 1 notebook would be made between I I I a~'ri~A~r-lhad no knowledge of any contact r or I land the 1 1 I advised! 1 b7 D has never contacted the I I norl Jersev. I I I advised I l I had anv personal or professional contacts ln New I advised to c:=J knowledge neither I I b7C I further advised I lwas currently in I I was resldlno 1 I \. I 1\advised n was familiar withl I I I advised toc==Jknowledge no one from USAMRIID went to .-L~---,...1~h-o_w_e...... d ver I and from I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011841Anthrax Page 221 of 1446 ..., .. ~ FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo I o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _..!:::::==========-------- 05/04/2 0 07 ,Page __;;=4=--- ~~-~lcame to USAMRIID a few times for meetings. In recent rears, the past c~uple~ lhas been in contact wit~~------~! Enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication hml uptarj 1 y is a Non-disclosure Agreement Form/ which! reviewed and signed as well as a draft copy of thel I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011842Anthrax Page 222 of 1446 .., FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~ o 1~ Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b6 ~0::..::5~/__,0'-"4:..L./_,2'-"'0_,0...!.,7__ b 7 c The following evidentiary transport and investigative inquiries were completed by Special Agents (SA's) I I I I andl I Washington Field Office: ~----------------._~~I ?On 05/04/2007, a~t~0~7~:0~0~a~m~,~S~A~----_.~~~~~~~ from b 7 c ~--o::-=....., Virginia to~----~~----,---------------~--~----~--~~~~ Maryland, met up ~------------~and continued the transport to the United States Army e of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID 1425 Port~r were returned to USAMRIID ,at 08:15am, at which time an FD597 was executed and signed! I reviewed the to ensure the 01 5429 L...-------~ subpoena return GJ 06- Investigation on File# ----~~-------- 05/04/2007 at Frederick, Maryland b6 Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - \ 007 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011843Anthrax Page 223 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I as well l o 05/04/2007 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -------------------''----,On -2- ~r-e_qu e s~t-e~a~~--w~lll be kept in the FD-340 section of the file, Serial ____ as~--~~~~~----~~--~~~--~~~ lA-7293. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011844Anthrax Page 224 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ALL I!iiFOPHATI mil CmilTAI NED 0 5/2 4/2 0 07 ~--~~----~----~~----==~~~~a shipment of the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis from BRUCE IVINS of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). According to the shipping documents, IVINS sent 500 microliters of Bacillus anthracis at a reported concentration of 3 10 9 colony forming units (CFUs) per milliliter (mL). I recalled the spores to be contained in a small screw-top vial ~~_aQQ~~were shipped on cold packs and not frozen. determined the concentration to be 7 x 10 8 ~~~---~nd f {S microliters), microliters each, e remalnlng rna erla approxlmate y 250 it into twenty-five aliquot-parts of 10 stored the aliquot-parts in a freezer. . . I Icurrent 1 y, ha s~r=--:c-=---:C"'':""::::--r~~---------~~ tubes remalnlng, and will provide them to the EBI. Investigation on ----~~------- 05/24/2007 ~ ---------------------~--------~--~--------~~ (telephonically) F1le # 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -~ 79...:f?. Date dictated 0 5/2 4/2 0 0 7 ., SA: I This documen conta1ns neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and 1ts contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. I I It Is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011845Anthrax Page 225 of 1446 '( itD-302 (Rev. l 0-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05/11/2007 b6 On Ma 10, 2007, shown an agent registry created by the United Research Institute of Infectious Diseases This document is enclosed in ~.:.....~~...-___..a.:..:::::.:::.....:a::::.s:::.k::.::oed to comment which (Bacillus ~nthracis) from obtained it from stock ~~--~----~------~~--~~~------~~----~t?oted that IVINS was .listed as the custodian of that agent. explained that the registry had been designed to account for t e locations where select agents had been present and not as a record of where they are stored. If a researcher used a select agent in a particular room then the date, location, select agent and name of the researcher would be noted in the registry. L~~~-4---~----__J never any flask which contained Dugway material. I lnever received or handled the main stock of Bacillus anthracis. I I requests for Ba are filled through IVINS andc==Jreceives amounts appropriate for the research project thatc::fiSiconducting . .___ _,....I ~~~~ctions stated thatD does not have complete records of Ba? with IVINS for the period prior to October further re orted that rior to October 2001, Investigation on File# by ------~~---------------- 05/11/2007 at Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDPI PI 05/11/2 0 07 This docu nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011846Anthrax Page 226 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ~ o I I o 05/11/2 0 07 , Page_...:::::......._ lat the time of the September 11, I 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --1.------..J------------- ,On provided-as part of the FBI's subpoena request. was I 2001 terror 1st attacks. I entries dated I I I was shown photocopied pages off I I '\ I I workina on thel sJ.mJ.larJ.tJ.es J.n thel I material and the I further stated that rl renortedl 1a1scussea t:ne !developed from the r material of IVINS . I !observations tol I I recalled that I lwas also I I I I I I I I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011847Anthrax Page 227 of 1446 . -~ " .., - - FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 1-------------- ,On 0 5/11/2 0 0 7 , Page _ _;3;;;..__ not discuss these observations with (including e rea ~ng an art~c e t at t e co on~es noted in cultures obtained from the evidencer=:]does not remember the particular artlcle title, source of the publication or the date. I I stated that articles relating to the anthrax attacks and investi~~r;nn are frequently lvaguely posted on a bulletin board in the building. l remembers I I related that further stated that expect the FBI to investigate~~~~verr-l related~_._,~ disapproval for their methods. fur~r reported that the investigation has especially been hard on "poor BRUCE IVINS". instructions to I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011848Anthrax Page 228 of 1446 ~, (Rev. 01-31-2003) .I1J PRIORITY Counterterrorism Laboratory UJFOP..MATIm~ COlifTAIMED BAl!J/Dr~/RY. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: Date: Attn: Attn: ssAI UC I ss -p;_ 07/20/2007 IHMRU uc Washington Field Attn: Baltimore From: Washington Field Attn: ss:A SAc CD c ss A ss A SA,I SS A HMRT Leader I I I CTOC ~ CTlO I I HMRU I CB su CBSU I HMRT Leader AMERITHRAX-2~--------------------------~ Contact: SA I Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184; OO:WF. (Pending) \ 7Lf I Synopsis: Law Enforcement Operations Order concerning environmental sampling of U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, commencing on 07/21/2007. Enclosure(s): Details: Purpose On 07/21/2007, the Washington Field Office (WFO) AMERITHRAX squads, with the assistance from the Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU) and the Hazardous Materials Response Team HMRT will conduct an environmental sampling search of a laboratory suite at USAMRIID. The suite is located in building 1425 and is Map of USAMRIID, Building 1425, Suitec===J b2 F b7C USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011849Anthrax Page 229 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterror1sm From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/20/2007 oo o b2 7 b F designated as suiter--l The purpose of the search is to collect environm~~amples from logical locations within the rooms of theL_J suite, where biological organisms may have settled. I The environmental sampling will be conducted pursuant to consent as provided by} lon Thursday, Ju1~y~1~9~,~2~a~a~7~.--------~ Background USAMRIID is a U.S. Army research institute located on the base of Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. Prior to the anthrax attacks in the Fall of 2001, USAMRIID was one of 16 U.S. laboratories which possessed the Ames strain of Ba which was used in the attacks. Genetic analyses conducted by the FBI Laboratory and several contract laboratories, has led investigators to conclude that the Bacillus anthracis used in the 2001 letter attacks is directly related to RMR-1029. RMR1029 was a very pure and highly concentrated batch of Bacillus anthracis Ames spores, which was produced to conduct numerous anthrax aerosol challenges. RMR-1029 was assemqled a~d stored in a USAMRIID containment suite within Building! 1 .....__~ b2 F The anthracis spore powder recovered from the anthrax letters addressed to the New York Post and Tom Brokaw contains low levels of a bacterial contaminant identified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis. The Bacillus subtilis contaminant has not been detected in the anthrax spore powder mailed to either Senators Leahy or Daschle. Bacillus subtilis is a non-pathogenic bacterium found ubiquitously in the environment, however, genomic DNA sequencing of the specific isolate of Bacillus subtilis discovered within the Post and Brokaw anthrax powders reveals that it is genetically distinct from other known isolates of Bacillus subtilis. Analysis of the Bacillus subtilis from the Post and Brokaw envelopes revealed that these two isolates are identical. Analyses to date have not defined the origin of the Bacillus subtilis contaminant, in that it could pe_from a laboratorK stock or from the environment. Suitel_j is a suite ofl __ aboratories used to perform experimentation on nonpathogenic organisms to include Bacillus subtilis. k t s possible that organisms being manipulated within the suite may be identified by environmental sampling of the la oratory, to include, but not limited to, the biological safety cabinetry, drain traps, and air handling returns. F 2 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011850Anthrax Page 230 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrorllm From: Washington FielJit 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/20/2007 Ther--lsuite is scheduled to be re~led starting Monday, July ~2007. The occupants of thel_jsuite have been tasked to have all the equipment and. supplies moved out of the suite by close of business on Friday, July 20, 2007, such that renovation can commence on Monday, July 23, 2007. Inasmuch as the AMERITHRAX Task Force prefers more time in planning missions of this sort, the fact that the scheduling for the remodel.was only recently discovered, brings about a sense of urgency to this request. The environmental samples will be packaged and transferred to the National Bioforensic Analysis Center (NBFAC) where they will be analyzed. Pre-operation Procedure F All personnel involved with the mission will meet for a safety and operational briefing at the AMERITHRAX Task Force offsite facility in Frederick, Maryland at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, July 2_1, 2007. On9ration EX9cution b7E b6 3 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011851Anthrax Page 231 of 1446 I ' To: Re: Counterterror"m From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/20/2007 Fiel~ LEAD (s) : Set Lead 1: (Info) COUNTERTERRORISM AT FBIHO (WMDOU) For information at the Weapons of Mass Destruction Operations Unit. Set Lead 2: (Action) LABORATORY AT QUANTICO, VA (HMRU) ~ ) ????~~ Provide logistical and operational support for ;I.vironmental sampling of USAMRIID, Building 1425, Suite B5. ~~t Lead 3: (Action) LABORATORY AT QUANTICO, VA (CBSU) Provide input and analytical support for environmental sample collection and analysis. Set Lead 4: (Action) WASHINGTON FIELD AT HO CITY (HMRT) Provide Hazardous Materials Response Team (HMRT) member support for the environmental sampling mission. The AMERITHRAX Task Force has three active members on the Washington Field Office, HMRT that will be involved in the sampling mission, and requests the support of three (3) additional HMRTs. 5 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011852Anthrax Page 232 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterror~m From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, (Info) BALTIMORE AT HQ CITY Washington FielJit 07/20/2007 Set Lead 5: For information at Baltimore Division . oo 6 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011853Anthrax Page 233 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Mav OL 2oo7. r \ Date of transcription 06/26/2007 b6 I I in the vear 2001 the I !provided I lwas shown a labo a~ notebook snArl fi r.::~l t:l ~ ~~ I was interviewed at the I following information: t-h ?'- I \ I I I 1v I I rprr.::~ I rr1 i nrr b6 ( ]also commented on various topics concerning ~ccording tol I IVINS will bring up old ~0-p~~-c-s~o~--o~f~the blue, and he wil~ell on things. I I described VINS as being paranoid.L__J will ?bring up old times when he thought people were talking abo t him. I IVINS. believed that this was be use he saw change as a person moving out of his life and he would subseauentlv be left out of the new phase in their life. I Investigation on File# by 0 5 01 007 at ~~~:_:.:::!...::~~_!0::..:_:.C~.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \7IL! ~ Date dictated --~--------------~-------------------------------------It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf O11854Anthra>< Page 234 of 1446 \Tm.wyA>> BACK PAGE 4 I 011855Anthrax Page 235 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page -2..- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~l----.....-----j--------- , On 0 5/01/2 0 0 7 ~----~~believed that IVINS' relationship described as tol~---~I could be ~--------------r I~INS decj~ed to take up alcohol, although he would hide this froml f He also changed his lifestyle from Pro-Life to more middle of the road. According tq lother people at USAMRIID also noticed the change. church. IVINS' social interactions were through wo~~~~ In addition to this he remained close with additionally described IVINS as having a quirky behavior and having issues with his mother and sorority girls. According to~ IVINS doesn't usually make selfpriority comments and d1dn't recall him feeling left out by not being tasked to do more forensics for the AMERITHRAX case. I I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011856Anthrax Page 236 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o uc. o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 07 I 1 0 / 2 0 07 On ~uly 02, 20Q7, date of bi rthf j w~a~s~J.-r.n~t~e~v~i:-e:-:w~e':"':'id~i-:n4=====-------r I I provided the fall wing informatJ.on: While workihg at the U.S. Army Med~?~~~~~~----~ Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), batches of Bacillus anthracis Ba b7 Ba stock was stored in suite. lhad a rough area in the cold room where storedL__Jsamples but there were no specific designators for storing locations for any of the scientists.! I 1 Investigation on File# ~ __0_7~/_0_2~/_2_0_0_7___ at L-------------------------r---------------b6 b7C Date dictated N /A 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \ f L\ ~ ~~--------------SAl I A/SSAj I It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011857Anthrax Page 237 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~----------------~ o 1 - - - - - - - - - ,On 0 7 I 02 /2 0 07 , Page _..!:::2:.___ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of did recall the reduction of a lar e amount of spores. the producti n of spores for that large batch specifically but knew that BRUC IVINS wasJ jdid not know for whom IVINS was produclng e spores or for what project. IVINS did the majority of the dilu ions, storage and purification for this large batch. showed I I color photographs of the "1029 Flask" ""'t-.~d-t~h-e~f~lask labels. I Istated that I I had seen flasks like the one shown and that lt was not abnofm.a.rto see flasks similar in the cold room; however,! ldid not recall seeing that specific flask. According to 1 others simolv behause I I I IVINS, I 1 lall grew Ba spores. mav have qrown more than the USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011858Anthrax Page 238 of 1446 ' . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 0 7 I 02 I 2 0 07 , Page -3- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - , On I lwas shown a copy of a "Reference Material Receipt Record" for 1029.1 jhad not see that particular form before and had never used it. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011859Anthrax Page 239 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 08/09/2007 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-2 Contact: SAl By: Approved Drafted By: I :==.=====;--__. . _ l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ b6 r--_ __. Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 (Pending) \ '[ L\ 5 Synopsis: To provide 'periodic results of investigation. Details: Pursuant to the above captioned investigation, Special Agent (SAH I AMERITHRAX Squad 2 (AMX-2) reviewed records provided to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) by the Special Immunization Program (SIP) at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) located on Fort Detrick, Maryland. The records contained, in most cases, the name, date of birth (DOB), and Social Security Account Number (SSAN), of USAMRIID employees, or visitors, who were at USAMRIID between the period of 01/01/1998 through 10/30/2001. A thorough review of the prov~ded records noted forty (40) USAMRIID employees/visitors who were issued a SSAN that conta{ned the state series unique to New Jersey. By way of background the first three digits of a SSAN are the state series, the following twp digits are the group number, and the remaining four digits are the series number. The state series for New Jersey is 135 - 158. Thus individuals who were either born in, or otherwise resided in, at the date of issuance, the State of New Jersey will have SSAN whose first three digits will range between 135 and 158. As such, it is apparent by reviewing records that 40 USAMRIID employees/visitors who worked or otherwise visited USAMRIID between 01/1998 and 10/2001 were born in, or otherwise were issued SSANs unique to, the state of New Jersey. Subsequent investigation attempted to identify if these 4o individuals had a connectivity to the State of New Jersey that warranted further investigation. b7C b2 b7E Lexis Nexis reporting on the 40 uniqne SSANs were obtained and relevant data were queried in the._l__________________~ ~--~ USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011860Anthrax Page 240 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 F~d Fiel~ for subsequent investigative presented in two parts. The first sectioned contains! !database results that relh;;J directly to Major Case 184. The second section contains ~----~!database results that do not relate to Major Case . ~v~a~ru~e-.--~.l~.n~e~r~e~s~u-~~c"'"s~a~r~e I database Section One (I) : The following seventeen (17) current/former USAMRIID employees/visitors have SSANs unique to the State of New Jersey and reportinq specific to the above captioned investigation: b6 ~J.~n~a.J.'""'V"""J.,....,_a"""?u..,..,a"'"L~,...,s,.._a""'r"""""e-......... Iu""r""'?c-ne......,~r I Through investigation the following 17 described as : '\ J,AST NAME: FIRST NAME: ,MIDDLE NAME : ,~ TlfYO, .SSAN:: CURRENT ADDRESS: . 51 t I Per Lexis Nexis reporting, no New Jersey address was noted. ?I I database query for I I met with positive results (279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Serial To date, through investigation and interview, it has been determined, USAMRIID employee, BRUCE IVINS indicated! I worked with the anthrax vaccine fori lyears. As previously ~enorted ~ query of avai~able USAMR1:D k~ycard acyess records fort Jmef WJ.th negatJ.ve results.~L---r.--------~1----~ database query for SSAN:_ I as well as the~~----------~ !address met with negative results. Unless.advised contrary, no further investig tion ofl lis warranted. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: 2 b7C USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011861Anthrax Page 241 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ b7C ~database q ery for and DOB:~-----------~as well as SSAN:~:~~:::::~==~:::~:;~~------~ positive results. Investigation pe,rtaining to.__________..... has, to date, discovered no evidence or allegation(s) to suggest lwas involved in, or had knowledge of, the anthrax-laced ~1-e~t~t-e_r m_a~ilings of 2001 (279A-WF-222936-POI, Seriall __ I database queries for the above mentioned New Jersey addresses met with ne ative results, with the sole except7on of the! I .__~----~-,~=-~a~d~d~r~e~s~s~w~h~ich was listed asl !current Unless advised contrary, no further ...._ ..... is warranted . I b2 ________ LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: DOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: b7C I I for SSAN :1 m,::.t- ~database/query fo I and DOB: lmet with n?gative results.~ ~----------~~d~a~t~a~Lhase query I as well as the! address rPQ111f""c:! b7E t.rit-h nrH:lit-ior,::. I I 3 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011862Anthrax Page 242 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ b6 b7C met with negative results. Unless advised contrary, no further investigation o?1 I is warranted. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: \ I DOB: I j as well as SSAN:~----------~~~ results (279A-WF-222936-POI, Serial 222936-302, Seri~ll I Pursuant~t~o--M~f~,-o-r__ c_a_s_e~184, 'investigation ofT !concluded that did not have access to location(s) at USAMRIID known to conta1n the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. To date, no evidence or allegation(s) have been discovered to suggestj jwas juyo~ved in. :~ bad knowledge of~ the anth~ax-laced letter ~ Unless or unt1l such ev1dence or allegation(s) are 1scovere , no further investigation ofj jis warranted. .---~------~--~!database querr~~~~---r--~~~----~~ :1 b7E b7C _ J ,, LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: c:DOB: SSAN: Current Address: I I !database auerv fori land DOB: I met W1th pos1t1ve as SSAN: had some profess1onal ~nteractions with I results. 1 lVII.' D; howe rer the e was no evidence or allegatio n at d1scovered that 1nd1catedl~------~Jwas 1nvolved 1n the anthraxI r:l~ I WP I I I~ I 4 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011863Anthrax Page 243 of 1446 o' To: Re: Washington Fie d From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 08/09/2007 I o. b2 laced letter mailings of 2001 (279A-WF-222936 1 'Serialc==] and I ~ I I database queries for the above mentioned addresses were unremarkable. No further investigation is warranted. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: b7E r------'--.-----___.databa nd DOB: as well as SSAN: met w1t sults pertaining to The Lexis Nexis reporting did not conflict with any 1n ormat1on previously developed and reported by AMERITHRAX investigators. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: DOB: _SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: .----------~....__,_________.database query for land DOB: met with positive ~r-e_s_u~t-s--.--I~nvestigation of I lha~te 1 produced no evidence or allegation(s) to suggest was involved inr or had knowledge of, the anthrax-laced etter mailings of 2001. No new items of investi[at,ve interest were discovered through Lexis Nexis reporting nor reporting. Unless advised contrary, no further investigation pertaining tol lis warranted. as well as SS~N?I LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: b6 CURRENT ADDRESS: 5 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011864Anthrax Page 244 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ and pos1tive database ~------~-a~s thel t:::~:;~~~~~~~~ap~mmeett~wdi1tJhlfp~ositive results (279A-WF-~--~ A review of the above mentioned serial 1 not have access to the location(s) at USAMRIID Known to contain the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis, and unless advised contrary, no further investigation ofl is warranted. ~------~ DOB: -~._~~~--~--~~~----~ b6 LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRES.S: LAST NAME: FIRST NAME? MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: Current Address: 6 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011865Anthrax Page 245 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Fie d From: Washington F ;eld. ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 I 222936c===Jseriall appropriate. ~--~ \ Information provided for use as deemed o ,LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: ,SSAN: Current Address '-r-------------------------------------~ ...------~ L for SSAN: USAMRIID !database queky fo~ land DOB: met with negativ~ resul~~: I I database query met w~th os~t~ve results (279A-WF-222936b2 b7E b7C queries for the above mentioned addresses met negative results. Information a rea y provided to AMX-1 personnel for use as deemed appropriate. LAST NAM ? FIRST NAME. MIDDLE NAME: DOB: .SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: MISCELLANEOUS: 7 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011866Anthrax Page 246 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ b E b b c ~~--------~~~ database reporting fo~ land ssAN:I fmet with positive results. All reporting was pursuant to the above captioned investigation, and subsequent follow-up will be handled by writer. LAST NAME: -.FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: OOB: SSAN: Current Address: database querv for I address met with negative results. I 1 aatanase query fori I and SSAN: I I met with positive results. I I I b2 b7E 8 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011867Anthrax Page 247 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fiel, 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d \ LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: .Current Address: b7C database querv for I and ? DOB:~ as well as SSAN:I Lmet WJ.th posJ.tive resu ts. I worked in the I I at USAMRIID and had limited professfonal inte,action withl I Investigation c o n c l u d e d w a s not involved J.n antnrax laced letter mailings of 2001 (279A-WF-222936-POI, Seriall I and 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Serial r---1. No further investigation is warranted as~aJdJWtxis Nexis reporting did not refute any statements m de by_ : I b2 b7E I ? LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: .llilli..:.. SSAN: was a at Fort Detr~i-c~k~~27~9~A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SerJ.a 79AWF-222936.-302,. Serial I .L. I database queries on the above mentioned address were un remarkable.! land Lexis Nexis reporting does not refute anything! lhad previously told the FBI; no further investigation is warranted. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: DOB: SSAN? Current Address? 9 \ USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011868Anthrax Page 248 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From' Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ database query fori lmet with positive results. lwas referenced in the above captioned investigative matter; however reporting, to date, does not indicate had access to ... the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis or1or to the anthrax-lac~d letter mailings 2001 . . I Tldatabase query for thet Jaddress also met w1th positive results; however, no derogatory information was discovered as the same was only referenced in the above ca tioned investigative matter. I _database for the address met with negat1ve results. A query of ava1 ID keycard access records for as well as met with ositive results; however the records any identifiable keycard access at USAMR I Furth~rmQre available USAMRIID keycard access records indicatedt : lhas never accessed or attempted to access locat1ons at ~u~s"AM~R~I~ID known to contain the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. Information is provided for use as deemed appropriate. I I I I a: I I I LAST NAME: FIBST_NAME: .M.I.D.DI ?E NAME..;_ ~ SSAN:? I k" h! k:l\ 71 ll lh! k:~q o .-----'-~-l----..-~=-"-e:ld:!:!::a:..=t..5:.a~ba~s:..::e::....~ query ._1---:-~-----:~1 and DOB :1 Imet with positive results. 1 1was referencea on numerous occasions pertaining to the above ca tioned investigation. Investigation pertaining t concluded, as, to date, no evidence or allegation(s were 1scovered that would suggest r---linvolvement in, or knowledge of, the anthrax-laced letter ~ings of 2001 (279A-WF-222936-POI Serial~--~--~----~~~ database query for theL___~~----~r-~~~~a_~et with negative results. Lexis Nexis report1n database results did not refute any information provided to the FBI in the past. I as well as SSAN: I fo'N l b7E 10 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011869Anthrax Page 249 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Fi~d 1 Washington 08/09/2007 Fiel~ Section Two (II): The following twenty-three (23) current/former USAMRIID employees/visitors did not have anyl !database reportinq referenced in Major Case 184:1 I ~......:-~:-:-~~~---~-~----JI Through ~nvest~gat~on the individuals are further described as: LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: :QOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRES toJ.J.ow~ng ~..:S or~...--:----:-'"':'""'l"'----:-...,---__. and a well asl lmet with negat~ve ~o New Jersey address h~story was noted per Lexis Nexis repprtins.! I database query fori I and I (met with negative results. Unless~--a-d~v-~-?s-e-d~c~ontrary 1 no further investigation ofl lis warranted. DOB: 1 ,,results. ......~~....-_ _ _1---....._J database query LAST NAME: EIRSI NAME: MIDDLE NAME: J:1.Qit;_ b' SSAN: .,C!.JRRENT ADDRESS: I query fori lmet with negative results. well as SSAN:I and database q uer~es for the above mentioned 11 ~abase I as b7E USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011870Anthrax Page 250 of 1446 .. To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 08/09/2007 Fi~d From: Washington Fiel~ addresses also met with negative results lillJess advised contrary 1 no further investigation of I~.--------~~is warranted. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: DOB: \ r-------------------------------~ SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: b7C b7C b6 leAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAMR; DOB: ? SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: however/ no derogatory ~i~n~f~o~r~m~a~t~~1?o~n~-w~a~s~~~--~~~------~~~database query for SSAN: I I as address met with negative results. Per Lexis ex1s repor 1ng 1 no New Jersey address history was identifiable. Unless advised contrary 1 no further investigation ofl is warranted. ~~~--------~~~w~1~?t~h~p~o~s~1~?t~1~?v~e-=r~esults ~~----~------~database queryl I rand I b7E b6 I 12 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011871Anthrax Page 251 of 1446 To: Re: as . ~~< as ~ngton F"'eld. ~ W h ~ng t on F'Ad F rom: W h' 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID I 0.8/09/2007 LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: DOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: ?, MISCELLANEOUS: query fori and SSAN: mel;. with negative results. database query for thel !address also met with negative results. No further~nvestigation is warranted. I .------"L...---____,._____jl database I I L I b2 LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: POB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: .MISCELLANEOUS: c===Jdatabase query foJ 1and DOB: as well as SSAN: I I met with negative result~s~.~~~--~1~ database query for thel !address also met with negative results. Per Lexis Nexis reporting no identifiable I b7E New Jersey address history was discovtred. contrary 1 no further investigation of LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: .MIDDLE NAME: DOB? I Unless advised i.s warranted. b6 SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: and DOB: ~~----~----r~esults. ~--~~~~e=x~~-s~r~e~p-o~rting b2 address no was discovered. ' Unless 13 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011872Anthrax Page 252 of 1446 .. To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fielflt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d advised contrary, no warranted. further~ vestigation of~~------~~ is LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: DOB: SSAN: .CURRENT ADDRESS: !database query ~fo~rl~--------~--~~----~ and DOBd I as well as SSAN: I lmet with positive results; however, no dero ator information was discovered (referenced~i~n~------------------~r-~------~--~ database query for the address met with negative results. Unless advised contrary, no further investigation is warranted. b6 I b7C LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: ICllrrent Address? \ b7C .--------........___,...-------=-=-____.! database query fori and DOB: I, as well as SSAN: lmet with negative results. I !database query !or theLI__~----------~--~ address met with positive results (reference inl I however, without additional informat1~.o~n~~i~t~i-s------~ ~u~n~c~e~r~t~a~1~n~as to the investigative merit of this reference. As it pertains to Major Case 184, writer.opines no further investigation is warranted. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: :Q.QE_;_ I b 7E \ SSAN: Current Address: 14 \ USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011873Anthrax Page 253 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ b7C b7E b LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL?, I ~~~--~~~~--~--------~n~o New Jersey addre~~~s------~ history was identifiable. ~----------~database query fo~.~---------~ I as well as SSAN: met with neqative results. I I database query or the I ... address also met with negative results. Unle~s~s~.a~a~v~~~s~e~a~c~o~n~t~r~a~r~y~, no? further investigation ofl ~s warranted. l1AST NAME: FIRST NAME: b7C 15 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011874Anthrax Page 254 of 1446 .. To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ / ...MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: CURRENT ADDRESS: I I as well as ktlatabase query fori with negative results. I I database query for address I as well asl ~et I I further invest1gat1on of LAST NAMF.? FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: ?1>oB: SSAN: Current Address: b6 I I ; .c I ,t-"i rYn l~tabase query fori met w1th yositive results; however no ~oT:=!Q land DOB: de:~::ogatory rli _, I land I as well as the !database query for SSAN:I I _,_, SS met w1th negat1ve results. No further investigation ofl lis warranted. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB: SSAN: urrent Address: I b2 b6 16 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011875Anthrax Page 255 of 1446 To: Washington Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 08/09/2007 Fi~d From: Washington Fiel~ No further addresses also met with negative results. investigation is warranted. !&-S'r NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: OQB: \ b7C SSAN? b2 b7E LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: DOB: SSAN: lk'k'H:I\1' Zl. I I I as well as SSAN :I w~th pos~tive I database a~erv for I Imet with negative I and DOB: results. 1 address met ? ? 1 !database query. for the I~~----------~--~ results; however, it is uncertain at s the main sub'ect pos~t~ye !database query for the!--~:------:-_. address met with results? however no information was query for the address met with negative results. Unless advised contrary, no further investigation of ._______.I pertaining to is warranted. discovered~~------------------~------------------~database I I 17 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011876Anthrax Page 256 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington FielJit 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME: DOB? SSAN: Current Address: b7C ~----------~~ 1 and SSAN: at abase met with LAST~E: FIRST NltME: MIDDLE INIIT-AL: 'DOB: "' Z\. SSAN: __ """ I !database query fori I and DOB: lmet with negative results. I I database query for SSAN:I I also met with neqative results. I I Idatr~ase g:e;t;;ie: for t4e I I address, _a_s_ _. well as the : ]address also met w~t negative ~s. Un ess a v~se contrary, no further investigation of I L_____Jis warranted. .:LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MTDDI,E INITTAI, ? ~~------------------------------------~ b7C oo,~~~!~ ... l2QB..;_ SSAN? Current Address: 18 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011877Anthrax Page 257 of 1446 ,, To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~d Fiel~ b6 b7C at LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: .MIDDLE INITIA ,DOB: SSAN: .-------~----~~~m-e~t--w-1~t~h .. ?I I database referenced that LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAI, ? 19 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011878Anthrax Page 258 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 08/09/2007 Fi~ From: Washington Fiel~ DOB: ?SSAN: Current Address: well database guery for results. asLh~------------~~ b7C LAST NAME: .FIRST NAME: MIDDLE INITIAL: DOB: SSAN: Current Addres.s? results. b7E b7C to the contrary, oo 20 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011879Anthrax Page 259 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 06/13/2007 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-2/NVRA Contact: SA Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID # :1 Title: ~==============~----~ :.....I ..._.2'"'"79'"A~~"""--w'"'F'~"""--2.,...2.,...2-93 6,..._-u...,s"""A.....,M=R=r=ro.....--(......... .... Pe_n...,.cl"""in g)- Iq5d. b2 AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: To document Confidential Human Source (CHS) reporting. Details: On the morning ofl CHS, who is in a position to testi 1 telephon1ca!!y contacted, as pre'1 arrange d 1 Spec1a ~~nt ' ( ) ! SA ~ AMERITHRAX s qua d2 (AMX-2). CHS provid d the follow1ng 1n~ormation pertaining to l b7C USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011880Anthrax Page 260 of 1446 FD-1023 (Rev. 6-22-2007) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Confidential Human Source (CHS) Reporting Document Reporting Date: Case ID: o o 10/05/2007 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID (Pending) ~ /l~~ ._I_ _ _ _ Contact Date: . . ~I. . .JI I Type of Contact: Location: Telephonic Frederick, Maryland Written by: Special Agen~ Other(s) Present: N/A ~------------~ Source Reporting: I CHS, who is not in a position to testify, provided the following information telephonically on the morning of b6 I lemail invitation sent over the,USAMRIID network also ookea fun at the Federal Bureau of Investiaation f FRT) I I I oo USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011881Anthrax Page 261 of 1446 o. FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Work number: employment, u~~~~~~--~ place of ? fo ~I~n~f~e~c~t~i~o~u~s~D:=i~s~e~a~s~e~s~~=-~~~' Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702. After being advised of the ~ entities of the interviewing agents and the nature of the interv ew~ !voluntary provided the following information: wa?~s~a~s~s~J.g=ned as lwas em~~~~~~U~S~AM~R~I~I~D~f~r~o~m~----~~~~~----,_~~- ~------------------------------------------~ ~----~~ stated people did piggyback at USAMRIID and that it happened often. I lsaidc:::J could not think of any specific incident of where a visiting scientist piggybacked with anyone employed at USAMRIID. I ~ stated I I ~------------~ mailing. ~~------~l does not know anyone associated with the anthrax 1 ? _, _, I with I I _, with Investigation on File# ------~~-------- 12/15/2004 at USAMRIID 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID~--------------------~P~o~sta 7/.t?O Date dictated 06 005 ~ Inspector Postal Inspector It Is the property of the FBI and Is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011882Anthrax Page 262 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o - i __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o b6 b'?C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _ J . - - - - - - - - , On 12/15/2 0 04 , Page --=2=--- P I I worked with Ba and aave samples of to BijiiCE rvr,rs. I would docume._n_t_t~h~e-s-e-~f-:-i-n~d~i-n_g_s~i~n-r---r-___. ort. l Jdoes not know where IVINS did his culturing. was not involve in culturing techniques . ....._____~lhas no knowledge of drying Ba. I I has used the "hot" areas of room r l He alr-:s=.;o::.,__..., worked onl I floor.c::J stated showers are loc~on thel floor. Items for disposal were placed in the basement. ~-~------------------_.-~ b6 performed these examinations in room I lperformed~--~------r--.~~~~-r----------__.___~ building 1--------~ stated it would not be difficult to put something of value 1n the airlock and have that same person pick that item up later. I I I c==J did anthrax . not notice complaints out of the norm. ldid not hear any rumors about getting access to ........____~ldoes not have family or associates in New Jersey. in._________________________. has never~ New?York. lstatedr=J was responsible I I was fo~ for a wn1le . ~~~~-~!stated that Building c===Jwas put out of service ........_ _~lstated plastic storage con~rs were not used but plastic jugs gallon jugs were utilized.l___jsaid smaller jugs contained USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011883Anthrax Page 263 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L ___________ J - - - - - - - o , On 12 I 15 I 2 0 04 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page _....::3:::..__ I I statedD never did any unofficial Ba work. does not know of anyone who did any unofficial Ba work. D c==J did not c===J buy pre-stamped envelopes. c==Jdid not personally handle anthrax envelopes and did not do any analytical work with the anthrax evidence. said this is the first timec=J was contacted and interviewed for this case. \ stated! lworked with L was ani ...._ r-----,L~~~~~Istated any s~udy that involved animals came to L..------;:====;------1 I ~------------------------~ ___ ___.I dJ. vJ.sJ.on . lwas assigned to building! I officeb referred to the USAMRIID floor plans and he identified~-~w-0-r~k--~ locations) . I I ~I~--~~l~eft afte~ lhad been given an assignment in this area. I }did not piggyback afterl lnot see lremove any iab equipment. I lhad very little contact withl I ~I---~I was not part of anthrax group. b7C ~~::::::~lnever about anthrax . I did not see I lwork with a lyophilizer. saw.-1--===::;-1-i..... HOT suite. n ~~~~----~~ad brief conversations with~~---~~but none ....__ _~ldid not socialize with~~_ _ __..... USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011884Anthrax Page 264 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~------------------~ o t - - - - - - - - - ,On 12 I 15 I 2 0 04 , Page ___;==--- 279A-WF~222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~--------~------~h_a_d__ __h_e_a_r_d~ anything new about~~----~ since the n_o_t FOREIGN VISITING SCIENTIST USAMRIID. .... ----~~did not host any foreign visiting scientist at ? ,____ __.l not part of .....______,I stated ....--------------. o into the dru business. For example will email whe eabouts between September 17 - 18, 2001 and October 5 thru 9, 2001 . D I I stated ~--~--------------------~--------~ D ......_____~lstatedc=J is willing to take a polygraph if requested in the future . .______~!should be re-interviewed. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011885Anthrax Page 265 of 1446 BAljJ/DK/R. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Attn: Date: 10/17/2007 Counterterrorism Laboratory Washington Field Attn: J. Baltimore From: Attn: A SAl A SAl /SSAI A Af DQ SAl I I CT10 IHM:RT IERT I CART L C ART I CTOC 1, III I HM:RT' Washington Field AMERITHRAX-2~------------------------------~ Contact: SA! I Approved By: b7C Drafted By: --;:::::========~ ....____ _ _ ___./(1&~ Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184; OO:WF. ARMED AND DANGEROUS Synopsis: Operational Plan concerning search of a residence, five vehicles, and work spaces within the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, commencing on or about October 24, 2007. Enclosure(s): Two (2) page building schematic. Google Map overview encompassing the three search locations. (Pending) USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011886Anthrax Page 266 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterror1sm From: Wash1ngton F1eld o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/17/2007 oo oo Details: Background Analysis of the spores used in the Fall 2001 anthrax attacks identified the organisms to be the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. The anthrax spore powders recovered from the anthrax letters addressed to the New York Post (Post) and Tom Brokaw (Brokaw) contain low levels of a non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant. The non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant has not been detected in the anthrax spore powders recovered from the envelopes mailed to either Senators Leahy or Daschle. Originally, the species of the non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant was incorrectly identified by multiple laboratories, however, upon thorough characterization and genetic sequencing, the contaminant was identified to be a strain of Bacillus subtilis. This is a significant factor for the search operations outlined herein. Since Bacillus organisms can be misidentified to belong to other Bacillus species, the guideline for the collection of cultures consistent with the Bacillus contaminant will be to collect non-anthracis Bacillus cultures. Bacillus subtilis is a non-pathogenic bacterium found ubiquitously in the environment. However, genomic DNA sequencing of the specific isolate of Bacillus subtilis discovered within the Post and Brokaw anthrax powders reveals that it is genetically distinct from other known isolates of Bacillus subtilis. Analyses of the Bacillus subtilis from both the Post and the Brokaw envelopes revealed that these two isolates are identical. USAMRIID a military research institute located on the Fort Detrick, U.S. Army Post in Frederick, Maryland. Prior to the anthrax attacks in the Fall of 2001, USAMRIID was one of sixteen (16) U.S. laboratories which possessed the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of more than 1,000 Ames samples from the sixteen (16) laboratories has led investigators to conclude that the Bacillus anthracis used in the anthrax letter attacks was derived from a sample known as RMR-1029. At the time of its creation, RMR-1029 consisted of a large batch of pure, highly concentrated, Bacillus anthracis Ames spores, assembled for the purpose of conducting numerous anthrax aerosol challenges at USAMRIID. RMR-1029 was stored in the B3/B4 containment suite within Building 1425 of USAMRIID under the custody and control of Dr. Bruce Edwards Ivins. 2 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011887Anthrax Page 267 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrori~ From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Washington 10/17/2007 Field~ The Bacillus subtilis contaminant is not detected in RMR-1029 by phenotypic or genetic analyses. It is not known how the Bacillus subtilis contaminant came to be in the Post and Brokaw spore powders. Since the contaminant is not found in RMR-1029 and not found in the spore material mailed to Senators Leahy and Daschle, it is reasonable to conclude that the contaminant was introduced during the growth process of the evidentiary material. Taken together, the presence of the Bacillus subtilis contqminant, and the phenotypic differences of the evidentiary spore powders, it is presumed that, on two separate occasions, a sample of RMR-1029 was used to grow spores, dried to a powder, packaged in an envelope with a threat letter, and mailed to the victims. In November of 2006, upon consent provided by USAMRIID Command, strains of Bacillus subtilis, were collected from Dr. Ivins's stock collection. All of the collected samples compared negatively to the Bacillus subtilis contaminant isolated from the Post and Brokaw envelopes. In June of 2007, upon consent provided by usocommand, environmental samples were collected from space and equipment; but, ultimately compared negat~ve y o the evidentiary Bacillus subtilis contaminant. Purpose On or about October 24, 2007, the Washington Field Office (WFO) AMERITHRAX Squads, with assistance from the Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU), the Evidence Response Team (ERT), the Hazardous Materials Response Team (HMRT), and the Computer Analysis Response Team (CART) will conduct searches of the residence of Dr. Ivins, his vehicles, and his work and office spaces within building 1425 of USAMRIID. The overall purpose of the search is to collect general evidence, to include; digital or electronic media and storage items, notes, envelopes, paper envelope bands, tape, items with pieces of tape, and documents that may be evidence of involvement in the anthrax mailings. In addition, any nonanthracis s ecies of Bacillus isolates potentially located in Dr. Ivins's orl lspac<p to jnclltde; cold-yide chan9e room lockers, space, roomL . and roomt J office spac~) . ~,------~ Upon the conclusion of the searches for general evidence at each location, HMRT personnel will collect environmental samples from areas that may harbor microbial or genetic signatures of the Bacillus subtilis contaminant. 3 b7F USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011888Anthrax Page 268 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrori~ From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Washington Field... 10/17/2007 USAMRIID Search areas, which are highlighted on the building schematics (See Enclosure), include; refrigerators and freezers located in Biological Safety Levell I areas of USAMRIID, roomc==Jin the Bacteriology Division of USAMRIID building 1425, lockers located within cold-side change rooms in USAMRIID buildings 1412 and 1425, andl !laboratory suites at USAMRIID. Thel I s~s a:r;e locate: if building and are designated suitesl__jandl : T h e Bacillus anthracis vaccine is the only vacc1na 1on requ1rement for entry intor----l, however, some of the individual rooms of the suite may ~dditional protective requirements. HMRT operators will follow the guidance of the on-scene HMRU Safety Officer regarding safety issues and personal protective equipment (PPE) . There arel I rooms in thel suites. These rooms will require further evaluation and~--~ additional PPE prior to entry. The overall purpose of the USAMRIID search is to collect 1) environmental samples, 2) any non-anthracis ~neciey of Bacillus isolates potentially located in Dr. Ivins'si~-----~J orr----l space, '3) digital or electronic media and.storage i tems-rtom Dr~' s space, tcr i ncl nde o cold-sidy change room lockers, L____jspace, roomL . 1 and roomL office space), and 4) general evidence within USAMRIID, to include; notes, envelopes, paper envelope bands, tape, items with pieces of tape, and documents that may be evidence of involv~ment in the anthrax mailings. D I 1) Environmental Samples All environmental samples will be collected under the guidance of the HMRU Scientist. The collection of all environmental samples, and the search and collection of items ~old-side lockers,! !refrigerators and freezers, and L_____J spaces will be performed by HMRT personnel. ? The largest majority of the environmental samples collejted quring this mission ~ill be collected from Suite _ The on-scene HMRU Scientist will provide a sampling plan for areas to be sampled. Suggested areas of collection include; Incubators, Centrifuges, Biological Safety Cabinets, Drains, and Return air vents for each room within the suite. Rooms within thel lsuite may have special entry requirements (e.g. animal rooms requiring additional PPE prior 4 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011889Anthrax Page 269 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterror~ From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Washington 10/17/2007 Field~ to entry) ~ Any special entry requirements, above and beyond the anthrax vaccination, are posted on the door to each room. Prior to entering each room, HMRT personnel must check to see that there are no special entry requirements. 2) Non-anthracis Bacillus species in room~ In November of 2006, non-anthracis Bacillus species were collected from a freezer(located in ther-l suite hallway) known to house the materials. None of the cUrture or environmental samples tested to date genetically match the non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant discovered in the Fall 2001, Post and Brokaw threat letters. It ~ssible that refrigerators and freezers located in rooml___j may contain samples of non-anthracis Bacillus. Any identifiable (via labeling) ~nthracis Bacillus species should be collected from room L__j 3) Digital media and storage items Digital media and storage items will ~e collected from Dr. Ivins's cold-side change room lockers, I space, and roomsl I andl I The collection of digital media items will be performed under the guidance of the on-scene CART examiner. 4) General evidence This is meant to serve as a reminder to be observant for potential items of interest during the overall search and collection process. Items of interest include; notes, envelopes, paper envelope bands, tape, items with pieces of tape, and documents that may be evidence of involvement in the anthrax mailings. Questions regarding the collection of potential items of interest will be addressed by on-scene AMERITHRAX personnel . b2 F .___ ___.I Refrigerators and Freezers Dr. Ivins has laboratory space inl as well as ....__~~~ laboratory space. Refrigerators and freezers located within Dr. Ivins's! !laboratory space may house nonanthracis Bacillus samples. It is known that Dr. Ivins maintains non-pathogenic samples of Bacillus anthracis as well as non-viable, gamma irradiated samples of Bacillus anthracis. If the Bacillus subtilis contaminant originated from USAMRIID, the samples described here may possess genetic signatures of the Bacillus subtilis contaminant. Samples of non-anthracis Bacillus (as identified via labeling) and st,rains of Bacillus 5 I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011890Anthrax Page 270 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrori~ From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Washington 10/17/2007 Field~ I I anthraci.s wjJJ he collected and submitted for analyses at the USAMRIID building 1412 and 1425 cold-side change rooms b7F Lockers will be identified by AMERITHRAX investigators. It may be necessary to cut or physically defeat locks securing the lockers. If it is necessary to cut locks securing the lockers, upon completion of the search and sampling, key locks will be used to secure the lockers and the keys provided to USAMRIID Command. Bacteriology Division Room D Q Since roomc==]is office space where unvaccinated personnel are permitted, the search of this space will be performed? by AMERITHRAX personnel who are more familiar with the identification of items of interest. It has been explained to AMERITHRAX Investlgatfrs that Dr. Ivins has several locked drawers in room If the keys to these drawers are not available, the locking mechanisms will be sically defeated. Upon completion of the search of room environmental samples will be collected from within the urn vent ductwork and other areas wherein the non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant may be found. Consent to search will be requested froml I ....______________________.on Wednesday, October 24, 2007. Although, it is anticipated that consent will be provided to perform the search, secured locker and office spaces will be included within the language of a search warrant issued in the District of Columbia. In the event that consent is denied, the search will proceed under the authority of the search warrant. All search personnel will be advised of the authority (consent and/or warrant) by which the search is to proceed. The search warrant includes the residence, vehicles, office space, laboratory work space, and cold-side lockers as the areas to be searched. All of these searches will be concurrent. Residence and Vehicles The residence is located Frederick, Maryland 6 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011891Anthrax Page 271 of 1446 Counterterrorlsm From: Washington Fleld o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/17/2007 oo o The residence is two stories in stature with a below-ground basement. Also located on the premises is a wooden shed behind the house. There are five (5) vehicles registered to the Ivins's residence. The vehicles will be processed inside a large garage structure on the Fort Detrick Post, proximate to the other two search locations (See enclosure) . The garage structure is of sufficient size that all vehicles can be parked inside at once. It is preferred that the vehicles be processed two at a time in the order determined by the Vehicle Search Team Leader. The vehicles are described as: MD b6 Bruce Edwards Ivins Frederick, MD MD Bruce Edwards TvinJ Frederick, MD MD MD 7 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011892Anthrax Page 272 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrori~ From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Washington Field ... 10/17/2007 Since the residence and vehicles are utilized by unvaccinated personnel, it is suggested that these searches be conducted by AMERITHRAX, ERT, and CART personnel. Once the search of the residence and vehicles have been completed, HMRT personnel will collect environmental samples following the direction of the HMRU personnel. Operational Execution ~?~hiAa_fL'iL'r~?~~:t~~~~~t~iw'n~n,M~l~~u:?t~A~n~n~,f meetinq on I Ibetween I the searches will be a I b7C 8 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011893Anthrax Page 273 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrori~ From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Washington Field41t 1011712007 LEAD (s) : Set Lead 1: (Info) WMD DIRECTORATE AT HEADQUARTERS For information only. Set Lead 2: (Action) WASHINGTON FIELD (CTlO I HMRT Leader) AT HEADQUARTERS CITY Provide HMRT support to mission. The AMERITHRAX POC lfor ggestions rerarding any ~T aspects is SA~I----------------~ Set Lead 3: (Info) WASHINGTON FIELD (CTlO I ERT Leader) AT HEADQUARTERS CITY ERT members familiar with the AMERITHRAX Investigation will be assisting with the searches. The ~RITHRAX POC for m1estions rearrding any ERT aspects is SA Set Lead 4: (Action) I WASHINGTON FIELD (IS4 I CART Leader) AT HEADQUARTERS CITY I Provide CART support to mission. The ~RITHEAX POC for questions regarding any CART aspects is SAL_ I ....___ ____. Set Lead 5: (Info) BALTIMORE AT HEADQUARTERS CITY For information purposes. 12 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011894Anthrax Page 274 of 1446 To: Re: ?o Coun t er t errorJ.sm From: WashJ.' ngton F1' e l d . 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/17/2007 Set Lead 6: (Action) LABORATORY (CBSU) AT QUANT I CO, VA The AMERITHRAX Task Force requests the Chemical Biological Sciences Unit provide contractual, logistical, and financial support for the analyses of collected items. Environmental swabs and laboratory samples should be screened for the presence of the non-anthracis Bacillus contaminant found in the evidentiary spore powders from the Fall 2001 anthrax attacks. ThT AMEBTTHRAX POC for m1estions req,rding any CBSU aspects is SA ~--------------------------------~ Set Lead 7: (Action) LABORATORY (HMRU) AT QUANTICO, VA The AMERITHRAX Task Force requests the Hazardous Materials Response Unit provide Safety, Scientific, and Logistical support for the searches. The AMERITHRAX POC for questions regarding any HMRU aspects is SAl I I ~--------------~ I ARMED AND DANGEROUS oo 13 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011895Anthrax Page 275 of 1446 - ?- -?----?--------------------------------------------. FD-302 (Rev. 10?6?95) o ~ 1- o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION On September 24, 2007, Security Account Number (SSAN)~~--------~~~~=r~~~pre-arranged, atc:Jplace Of employm 1 States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) ,I I Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland. After being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interviewJ !provided the following information: (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is a Non-disclosure Agreement Forml !voluntarily read and signed.) I USAMRIID.I I is currently I I adV~Sed I at I that upon I I ~a-r-r-~~?v-a~l~t-o~U~S~AM~R~I~I~D~~~?n-.~~---r-la-s,l--------~~~1was initially involved inl !research until approximately I I f I As~~he topic of conversation switched to USAMRIID commented that ~~~-- --- :J~--~I Investigation on by ____-L__________________ J----------------------------------------------J I hdA//)rl? .....-------'? USAMRIID Section 4.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 011896Anthrax Page 276 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b\5 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of - t __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - o O n 09/24/2007 ,Page -2- lopined that there was no way anyone at USAMRIID could or w~o-u~l~d~have been involved in the 2001 anthrax-laced letter mailings. c:Jrecalled that was very angry and upset because !advised that the other researche~r-s--a~t~USAMRIID are frustrated and disenchanted with the lack of concern and lack of support related services given to them at USAMRIID. Many of the employees are "fed up" with the level of bureaucracy that exists at USAMRIID. They are frustrated with the frequency of how things get lost or misplaced. ladvise that thtgthrax investigation has definitely affected BRQC VINS. explained that IVINS has a strange sense of humor but t t feels that IVINS has a good heart .I !advised that IVINS even does volunteer work for the American Red Cross.l !recalled that approximately one year agor IVINS in tears com lainin about the anthrax I on retirin in about a ~-=====---~~ appears to be the likely IVINS or nat USAMRIID may just hire somebody USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011897Anthrax Page 277 of 1446 :t ' ?1. .. FD-30l'~~ev. 10-6-95) ?o o - 1- o b7C Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 1 0 /12 /2 0 0 7 On October 12, 2007 , was interviewed, as pre-arranged, at1 rolace of employment, address: the United States ~~ ::1ical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland. After being advised o e identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview,! !provided the following information: (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is a Non-disclosure Agreement Forml I voluntarily read and signed.) I I is currentlvl I employee I degree inl I as a I I began workJ.ng fori at USAMRIID I receJ. vedl I arrived at USAMRIID I in the I I advised t-h.:=lf-1 I froml lfi rst in I I I !Division untill I I l was ~) }(') I.~ queried concerning former USAMRIID visitin~ I scientist I lacknowledqed knowinq ofl 1---' but never having met'\or worked withl I !advised that it wasl I understanciJ.ng that 1 1ana1 !Collaborated on research projects while at USAMRIID. I !advised that ?o> ~~--~====~~h~a~s~traveled extensJ.vely oversees.! ldJ.d not know spore preparations were kept. A significant I !understood that the Federal Bureau Of Investigation (FBI) search at USAMRIID in 2004 had to be done and Investigation on 007 .::r File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA PI 1 ' Date dictated . This document contains neither re~o~mendation~ nor conclusions of th7' FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be dtstrtbuted outstde your agency. " . j-;~..6~ I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011898Anthrax Page 278 of 1446 t . .. FD-302i.',\Rev. 10-6-95) o - - L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o .J--------- ,On 10/12/2007 ,Page___:=;:__- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of that the investigation has uncovered some kind of connection between USAMRIID and the anthrax-laced letter evidence. I commented that I b3 at USAMRIID in not een say~ng mu , as frequently as in the have openly discussed their belief that the FBI are conducting surveillance on them. IVINS at one point believed that in 2004, a female FBI agent had moved into the residence right next door to him. IVINS claimed to have noticed the agent wearing firearm underneath her clothing while cutting the 1 rding to IVINS, the FBI agent moved out ? ds BRUCE IVINS around, but a USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011899Anthrax Page 279 of 1446 ------~---------------------------------------------------------------------------------, ~? f,,__r? FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 10/02/2007 the United S tes Army Medical Resear h Institute of Infectious o? ses (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick Mar d was interviewed, as pre-arranged, a~----~ place of employment on the afternoon of September 25, 2007. was already familia with the identity of the interview Special ~(SA), after being advised of the nature of the interview, L_____jprovided the following information: \ I lrecalledl I was upset after I I ~ I Investigation on File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDSA I)((? q Date dictated ~~---------------- N This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011900Anthrax Page 280 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~I o - 1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 11/ 0 9/2 0 0 7 on o g o r 12, 2007 ; interyje,ed a residence,~ : J telep one number I A te'!r be~ng avised of the identity of the agents an the purpose of the interview, ~--------~~provided the following information: (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated wit~ this communication is a Non-disclosure Agreement For~l voluntarily read and signed.) ~--------~ ~w~:JI=l J , It isl !opinion that most likely the anthrax mailer is an individual who is associated with a ntry and is not a U.S. citizen or homegrown terrorist. could not think of anyone at USAMRIID who wou~ave bee~n~~~n~o~~~ in the anthrax mailingsr==J opined that BRUCE I NS and both have eccentric type personaliti~s but tha they are beni n and would not intentionally hurt ahybne. . Investigation on File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDSA PI '// Date dictated ~------------------ N /A by This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. fiL6".A//1~~1 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011901Anthrax Page 281 of 1446 ?-!~ t t: FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . I - - - - o O n 10/12/2007 _,2=--- conducted ~~--~~~ recalled the at USAMRIID in Building 1425 shortly the anthrax-laced lette~~~~~~?~f~l~?r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-L~~ USAMRIID ersonnel. L---~~~---------;recalled that initially IVINS had approached about his desire to yonduct ijwabbing of his various ? ding 1425 and thatl ~ Jadvised IVINS not to do it recalled that IVINS d1d the swabbing anyway. USAMRIID subsequently initiated an investigation (15-6 investigation) into IVIN's unauthorized swabbing activities. !advised that the inveStigation was not done tho~o~h~y be~ause USAMRIID management ass~gne~ the investigation to ot the best ','person to conduct the inqu1r and Lc_o_n_s_eor-qu-e-n~t~y-r-'-~.!iiii-1 odid not ask .i the tough quest ions . I !explained that the subsequent authorized survey conducted at USAMRIID was done backwards. USAMRIID appeared to place more of an emphasis on swabbing the hot suites first as opposed to swabbing the cold areas of Building 1425 first. lopined that IVINS can be aver ividual and that he and was I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011902Anthrax Page 282 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of - L __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - , On 10/12/2 007 , Page___;==--- r---lbelief that IVINsl !theorized that ~amination of the cold side of 1425 likely occurred because of slo and unsafe lab ractices exhibited by thel I L--~--~----r----~~~----~~reiterated that IVINS js pot a mal~gnant person.o recalled that once,~~~~----~--~~----~ ~--~~--------~~----~~--------~--~~~ IVINS was bemoaning his trouble pertaining to his un-authorized swabbing event.~~~~-~-~ advised that he angrily confronted IVINS on thy matt::; :rforming IVINS that he brought the matter upon himself. L ____ Jrecalled IVINS did not respond to the challenge but simply w~ rew. '' anthrax-laced letter mailings most likely would have had to have some kin of knowledge pertaining to the weaponizinq of biol,gicall agents. advised that USAMRIID maintains! lin ~---~!Building which contains this type of information. ~----_.1 opined that' whoever was responsible for the b7 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011903Anthrax Page 283 of 1446 &1 1' FIJ-302 ~Rev. I 0-6-95) o - 1- o b" b7C Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Qn December 14, 2007,1 Social Security Account Number (SSAN) I I Date of Birth (DOB) : I I Telephone number: I I I !united States Army Medical Research~itute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) was interviewed atl__jplace of employment. After being advi~ed of thy identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview1 Jprovided the following information: (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is a Non-disclosure Agreement Forml I voluntarily read and signed.) l I ladvised tha~had recently been made aware of recent Feaerai Bureau of Investigation (FBI) searches conducted at USAMRIID due to various signs that had been left behind by investigators, such as; hood lines being turned off that should have been left on, refrigerators that had been locked had been left un-locked, ultra violet lights had been t:rred off, and search warrant documentation left -on desk.l __ advised~t~a~t~---~ warrant documents were subsequently turne over toL-------~----~~---- who subsequently tu~ed over the documentation to USAMRIID I l exp 1 a~ne d t h at BRUC " ' 3 members of h~~s--::;:=f-a~m~J.:""'"y-,h-a:-::1-~~e~e~n~~~n~t~e~r~v~~~e~w~e~~~ the FBI. IVINS informed! I that pi home and vehicles were also searched. IVINS informed! )that during the various family interviews, FBI agents had insinuated that he wa~s~----~ responsible for the deaths of 5 people. IVINS i formed FBI a ents had s ecificall inf rmed l and BRUCE of the recent events that have transpired. IVINS ~~s---o~f~the belief that ~~~~!had spoken negatively about him to the FBI resulting in a wedge being driven between IVINS andl ~--~------------~ emphatically advised thatl in thel lDivision at USAMRIID do not consciously believe that IVINS had anything to do with the 2001 anthrax-laced letter ~I~V~I~N~S~w-~"l~l~n--o~l-o_n_g_e_r s_p e_a~k~t-o~----~-a-n~d~b~l~a-m e_s~-----.f~o--r~much __ __ __ I I I I Investigation on File# .;2;. ,;7. .:9r.:.A~-. . :W~F:;. ._-2:; :. : :.2.: :.2.: ;.9.: ; 3. : :6~-. .;:U;.:;,S:.: :.AM~R.: .; I:;.:I: . : _:._- _:_J/....:_f..:..._:tj-~---D: ----'-~---- 12/14/2007 at Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated by _ _ ~A_I~I_________________JI--------------------------------------------USAMRIID Section 4.pdf N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 011904Anthrax Page 284 of 1446 _FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ooo I D o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --'----!!!l!!!!!!!!!!!!l!!!!!!!!!!!!l!!!!!!!!!!!!l!!!!!!!!!==.t_--------- , On 12/14/2 0 0 7 , Page --'2"-- c::J I mailings. explained theory in part by claiming that IVINS was not capable of the anthrax-laced mailings because IVINS is not capable of keenina mouth shut and therefore would have told somebody by now.l .also believes that IVINS did not have any involvement with the anthrax-Jaced lefter mailings because he is too kind-hearted and generous.! _clarified that these are opinions.! I advised that IVINS is a musician as well as an artist, poet and that IVINS is very highly thought of by his coworkers at the American Red Cross. hif l IVINS 1s a sol1d sc1ent1st that has 1n the past provided a lot of assistance to many other researchers at USAMRIID. !IVINS has done qreat work in the oast ~------~----~------~--~ Jfurther expounded t.hat although IVINS's research and research results and ideas are impeccable, IVINS's lab technique is not "great" or "neat. "I described IVINS's house cleaning as "horrible" but emphasized that IVINS kept thorough notes on his research projects and that his work product was reliable and consistent. I !confirmed that in the recent past, there had been a lot of JOklng around and humor directed at ~anthrax-laced letter investigation and various researchers. stated that all joking has stopped and opined thatc::Jbelieve t e frequent jokes were simply a means to release tension and frustration that had I; .-:~~ .... ~-~-~.-:~ -!-'!-.., .... ? i a;::l'f-; 1'"\n I built uo as a result nf t-he i I I .I r !advised that if the interviewi~gents had spec1f1c questions pertaining to such discussions that would make I !available for re-interview after the new year. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011905Anthrax Page 285 of 1446 FD-302a EURRev. 10-6-95) <o ' o - L - - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - , On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 12/14/2 0 0 7 , Page -3- !described the current research climate at USAMRIID ~a-s__ v_e_r_y~tense and pressured.c==Jexplained that a significant reason for the negative environment is due to a lack of funding for the various research projects.! !explained that funding for various projects has become increasingly harder to obtain and that much of the funding over the past few years has evolved from hard money to soft (grants) mo,ney. ~~--~~ advised that currently IVINS is not permitted access into the hot suites and believes this directive was initiated by the Personal Responsibility Program (PRP) office at USAMRIID. I I indicated that management at USAMRIID has always known IVINS suffers from depression.! !indicated that events such as the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks often would send IVINS into depression. Em lo ees at USAMRIID have assumed for many years that IVINS and , do not get along. IVINS does not talk about .or family ery often.l I confirmed that IVINS works a of hours at USAMRIID. including frequent late night hours .I _ _ I I I ~ scrut~ny of his I (IVINS) or any other researchers late n~ght act~v~ty in the hot suites is not conducted.! !advised tha~can understand a researchers mind set that the hot suite can often provide a sort of "cocoon" kind of environment. One in which an employee can f~el comfortable in when having a desire for peace and pr.~i~v~a~c~y~.~~-~~--~ insinuated thatl lhas felt that way before.~~------~ further described the hot suites as a place to escape .. explained thatr-ldid not know what type of activities IVINS specifically di~tside of USAMRIID.I b7c indicated thatc:J had knowledge of IVINS's office computer and the internet computer in the B3 hot suite! lwas not aware of any abnormally high volume ams or pop-ups on IVINS computers. I I volunteered tha receives a lot of" 'unk" e-mails onl own office computer, ~--~ I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011906Anthrax Page 286 of 1446 . I> ,. FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 12 /2 7 /2 0 0 7 On December 12, 2007, Social Security Account Number (SSAN) : Date o Birth (DOB) I I ~--~1, was interviewed at place of employment, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview, as well as being reminded of a previous NonDisclosure Agreement Form he had signed,! !provided the following inform~ion: (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is a Form FD-597, FBI Receipt for Property, which I !signed thereby acknowledqing the return of two laboratory notebooks, numbered! J and I I U on reviewing portions of the above described laboratory notebook, a knowledged specific entries in the notebook which identify as having received 1 milliliter (ml) of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) (Dugway) spores for research on a project.! FOmmented that it appeared ~atl received the one milliliter (ml) of Ba from BRUC IV~l-N~s--a~n-a----~ subsequently plated out approximately 10 micro-mi liliters for the research project has been workin on. Based on the laborator notebook entries, .-----------1...-------------'1... ...,. _?r.._mlol.lliOie~d that between...C::J and I c~o""n...,f ~--~~~~~~~~~--------~~lat USAMRIID.~cknow~1-e~d-g-e-d~ was knowing BRUCE IVINS very well and indicated that it was not uncommon for IVINS to be working many late night hours at USAMRIID in the hot suites.! I indicated that IVINS and others were very busy conducting research which pertained to being able to manage the threat posed to American soldiers not yet vaccinated against certain biological agents, such as anthrax.~~------------~ . Investigation on File# by 12 I 12 I 2 0 0 7 at Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-2229 SA PI ~------------------ NI A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. f-/<?.v..qr?,_- USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011907Anthrax Page 287 of 1446 ' " FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L---------------~ o 1--------- ,On 12/12/2007 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --2...... explained that during these critical studies, some 4000 injections to monkeys had taken place, Twice a day monkeys were anesthetize. Because of the Gulf War many researchers were asked to perform many menial tasks that they did not want to perform. lwas not aware of any signi~t animosity or unhappiness that IVINF may have harbored towardsl__j while at USAMRIID.I _advised that over the years IVI5S has become more and more less interested in science. _described IVINS as a "nice" guy. IVINS's laboratory notes are usually very good and would be surprised if his notes where anything other than good.l ladvised that when IVINS condpcts exyeriments, his wrirle-uys are very detailed and thorough.! _indicated tha had recently reviewed a report from IVINS which appeared to be very thorough detailed. I I ~~~~~~~JB~a~s~~~~~tLaaka-n~-L~ms~~~-,_jadvised that IVINS has are current ~~~~~~~R~I~I~D~r~e~s~e~a~r~c~~~~~~~----~~~~~~utjJjzed or fermentors to grow Ba. oplned hatl I? would not have been necessar-~--~~~~~ the volume of Ba used in the anthrax-laced letter USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011908Anthrax Page 288 of 1446 FD-392 ~~e\}. 10-6-95) ' 1 o On December 6 - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ALL n!FDPJ.L!\TI Cl!-1 C01?ITAn!ED 12/26/2007 b6 and the following was interviewed of the interview provided !advised that thel ldoes provide lockers for both male and female members and the1r guests. He explained that there are approximately 162 lockers in the men's locker room and slightly fewer in the women's locker room.l indicated that as a result of a lottery type system instituted two years ago, only about 30 of the mens lockers and 17 of ~he women's lockers have been permanently issued. The remaining lockers are for use on a first come first serve basis. ~ I I lfurther explained that anyone using the facility 1 including those members who have assigned lockers, are not permitted to use their own personal locks but must use a lock issued and controlled by members of thel I Those individuals not assigned permanent locker must sign out a lock and return the lock rior exiting the facilif'r All of the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~----~----~have a master key_ and can be used to o en and remove the locks at '-------:----,-------....-:-i-n-:d~i cat ed tha dis covered an ersonal lock on I 1 I (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is an 8 page report entitled, Locker Post Card Confirmation Report.) As questioning continued,~~----~ familiar wit United States Army Medical ~~~~~~~ Infectious D~ eases USAMRIID) employees ~--~~--~~ and responded in the af indicated that~ 11 three of the named USAMRIID employees are frequent users of the fitness center. I !advised that he has Investigation on File# by 12 I 0 6 I 2 0 0 7 Fort Detrick 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ?PI I] llp Date dictated nla This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; ~cwrt,;t?. ?I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011909Anthrax Page 289 of 1446 FD-302~. (Rev, 10-6-95) . f T:i" o I o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of --'------...1--------------- ,On 12/06/2007 ,Page _ _.. .2__ been at Fort Detrick forr----lyears and knows if not by name bv face. H~cated that he has been at Fort Detrick! lsince I !advised that Pertaining to BRUCE IVINS !advised that coincidentally, he had recen~scoveredl I I sometime in the fall of L__j , that he ~w~a~s~r=e~c~e":!J..:~V~l~n~g~s~t~r~a~n~g~e~ foreign originating 11 junk 11 e-mails on his Fort Detrick computer addressed to BRUCE IVINS at USAMRIIDJ !initially ignored and deleted the "junk" e-mails for many months without opening the emails up. It wasn 1 t until one day inl lthat he decided to actually open up one of the e-mai s and realized that the foreign originating e-mails appeared to be addressed to IVINS. ,I 1nd1cated that trey woy 1nvest1gate t e matter owever they never got back to him. advised that he still gets an occasional foreign originat1ng 11 Junk 11 e-mail on his computer addressed to IVINS. ~----~!further advised that he was of the opinion that some of the IVINS related 11 junk 11 e-mails were of a pornographicsexual nature. He recalled that one of the e-mails appeared to depict a minimally dressed female and other e-mails appeared to contain sexually oriented solicitations pertaining to such topics as; penile enlargement, Viagara, sexual freedom, and impotency. I I advised that upon opening one of the e-mails and further researching the origination web site, he discovered, by way of translating the Russian script into English, that the web site actually appeared to be associated with some form of pharmaceuticals.! I advised that he purges his deleted e-mail file once a week. Upon reviewing his e-mail files he was able to locate 3 historic deleted e-mails which were sent to his e-mail account on his computer but were addressed to IVINs.! !printed the 3 e-mails out and they are maintained ~n the FD-340 associated with this communication. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011910Anthrax Page 290 of 1446 FD-302~ Cl};Yo I0-6-95) ... o _ o 12/06/2007 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _.___ _ _ _ __.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,On _3_ b7C I I advis~d t~at D also is familiar withl I to conduct further research intol I pertaining to BRUCE rv=rN:":'::"S-rr=l--=~.---. ~~----------------------------~1~a-n-d~a-g~reed to meet again tomorrow morning for additional follow-up. I I agreed USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011911Anthrax Page 291 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o On December 7 2007, - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 12/26/2007 ~---------------~ telephone nu er as a o ow-up to previous interview on December 6, 2007, was re-interviewed as well as given a Non-Disclosure Agreement form to sign. After being advised of the purpose of the interview provided the following information: I I (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is a Non-Disclosure Agreement Form.) report, dating back to ApfiJ of ~04. which lis~ed :h: variovs ~ da es and times for which_ _ _ _ _ LBRUCE I Enc os~ erewith\n I S visited/used thel the FD-340 associated with this communication are the ? aforementioned Pass Visit Logs. ~~--~~ immediately provided a computerized detailed ~-------__.1 advised that he was unable to ascertain the identity of the former Navy Seal or Marine with ~.rhl'"lm P.RUCE IVINS had a confrontation with in the sauna last vear .I I opined that it was~is impression thatl I ~-~~!indicated that his computer at the~~-~~-~~~~ is not accessible to members or their guests but is maintained in his office at all times under lock and key. He advised that to the best of his knowled e, BRUCE IVINS has not access to his com uter at the ) Investigation on File# ----~~-------- 12/07/2007 at Fort Detrick, Maryland 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID by ___ ~-~~------------JI___________________________________________________ ' f4--u/.JA-??: -=-{117 Date dictated N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011912Anthrax Page 292 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o On December - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 12/26/2007 ~~----~' after be1ng advised of the purpose of the interv'ew an s1gn1ng a Non-Disclosure Agreement, provided the following information: (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is a Non-Disclosure Agreement Form.) ~~~~~--~------~--~~~--~----~~~~--~--~--~~----~ solicits individuals, particularly those individuals already vaccinated against anthrax, for their plasma. They do this by offering donors various sums of money for their plasma as well as offering monetary incentives to those individuals whom recruit others into the donor program and other such plasma collection;tEJ entities often locate their businesses in close proximity to military research i~stitutions for the opportunity to attract or recruit individuals from a larger and more qualified pool of donors.l lhas demonstrated a significant need to increase its stockpile of plasma needed to maintain sufficient quantities of the anthrax vaccine. !indicated thatl during this past week~e-n-d~,--p-1~a~ced an add in thel (newspaper) soliciting individuals at Fort Detr1ck for their plasma.! I confirmed that an individual identifying himself as B~;~E IV~NB had left a voice message! I I --I --I w1 anyone in her office .1 I explained that I I lworks closely with the Fort Detrick Special Immun1zat1on Program in seeking qualified donors. She advised that there are several screening steps involved before they can accept a donor into the program and that IVINS has not yet begun this phase. I I advised?that she would contact the interviewing Postal Inspector should she obtain any additional pertinent information. :: !inquiring about the advertisement in the newspaper. . dvised that IVINS has not yet had any personal contact I Investigation on File# 12 10 007 at ----------~----~-------------------------------- Frederick 279A-WF-222 93 6 -USAMRIID .,,... by ___ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to you it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ag'"cy; ~_i~~------------------~~----------------------------=================== I I ,. f/~:. //'7 <6 Date dictated' N/A . USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011913Anthrax Page 293 of 1446 <, t FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .f o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION birth!:-1_ _. . .~ cellular place of work tele of the identity of the agents and the purpose provided the following information: (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with communication is a Non-disclosure Agreement Forml voluntarily read and signed.) ' I I I -rl--'----. .___ _ _..,..~~=-=-.=lill.!.~e~d~t~h!o:.a5:1;t n i s familiar,wi th USAMRIID employee a~hatl L .BRUC IVINS( and others from the Bacter1orog~vision often played ScrabB~e or Boggle during their lunch hour.l !advised that IVINS also frequently played as didl !indicated that ~----~~~advised that IVINS got along well with.~~--~~--.....1 but could not offer any further information on the relationship that existed between IVINS andl _j?Qaracterized IVINS as someone who is very 11 odd 11 and 11 goofy."L:Jdescribed IVINS as the 11 nutt.y professor, 11 but 1 whose science skills were strong. I lcould not offer much information pertaining to IVINS knowledge of fermentor usec::Jhad never seen IVINS use a fermentor. IVINS had alwa s used shaker flasks when growing Bacillus anthracis (Ba) indicated thatc::J was I familiar v i f ~n _ ____. _ Investigation on File # --~~----- 1/8/2008 at Fort Detrick, MD N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. f/~r?/'113 : ~ USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011914Anthrax Page 294 of 1446 ~D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L______________________r___________ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 1/8/2008 , Page _ _:2:::___ At USAMRIID, lwas familiar with a 5 1, 20 1, and a 100 1 fermentors. The 100 1 f~ntor (actual 80 (1) working volu,:) was maintained in the~laboratory suites in Building 1425._~ !indicated that ~t was never used other than on occas~on water was run through it just to ensure that it was still operational.! !explained that when using the 20 1 fermentor, it took one day for the fermentor to complete the growth cycle for Delta Stern Ea. !advised that the 5 1 fermentor, when operational, did not p.L=r~o~d.=r:u~c=e--=a..... whole lot of noisel lopined that the easiest way to have produce the volume of Ba used in the anthrax-laced letter mailings would have been to use shaker flasks as opposed to using fermentors.c::Jexpounded that using the shaker flask method to grow Ba would ha~e been much less conspiquous becjuse shaker flasks are always in use at USAMRIID anyway~ _ _advised that 8 one liter flasks could be run at the same time ~n a shaker incubator.! !believed that there is one shaker incubator, known in IVINSj I laboratory and a second shaker incubator, known as 11 Big Bertha, 11 ~n thec:J suites. . When using the fermentors recalled that it was standard operating procedures when grow~ng Ba to use anti-foam in order to reduce the buildup of bubbJes foam that would occur during the ?fermentation process.! _explained that anti-foam would be automatically pumled into the fermentor to reduce the ? amount of bubbles.lrecalled that the old brand name for the anti-foaming agent was cal ed Mazu and believed that Mazu may have been sold out or taken over by a newer company possibly called Sigma. I b7C b7F ,I I of on IVINS explained that .~~~~~an easy target due USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011915Anthrax Page 295 of 1446 '? rFD-302a {'Rev. 10-6-95) o I o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~--------------------~------------'On 1/8/2008 -3...- to IVINS being an "odd ball" and "goofy." !indicated that c=:=Jnever got the feeling that IVINS was or could have been involved 1n the anthrax-laced letter mailings. ~------~~ humorously recalled the last occasion in which had any contact with IVINS. This occurred was when USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011916Anthrax Page 296 of 1446 ':it-. : }. \ \( FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o -I- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Social Securi met as pre-arranged at~~--~----~----~--~ lqcated jp Frederick, Maryland, on the afternoon ~o-n__ J_a_n_u_a_r_y~0--9~,~2~0~0~8. 1 } who was already familiar with the identity of the interviewing Special Agent (SA) was advised of the nature of the interview, and provided the following information: b7D ~--------~------~~~advised the~~--~--~---------------L-----, ad revi?usly re~t~a~t.l______,_______________~ ed r~or to_ larrival at USAMRII . USAMRIID and undertook a cooperative agreement in which! lwould attain the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis from US~MRIID. ~@ J I Investigation on File# v Date dictated 01/09/2008 at Frederick, Maryland 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - I <;50 by ~~----------~r------------------------------------------------------------------------------ USAMRIID Section 4.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 011917Anthrax Page 297 of 1446 PD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) \.' o o 01 I 0 9 I 2 0 0 8 , Page _...::::2'--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _...___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- - J - - - - - - - - , On \ \ As an aside, was queried as td I scientific opinion pertaining to IVINS: I I indicated IVINS was both an "ideas guy" and a "hands guy," meanlng that IVINS was able to come up with novel scientific ideas as well as had the laboratory skills to conduct the experiments to test his ideas. I I I from aht;rox vaccine I l was _ I or I wo~k unaware of any talk about switching IVINS to glanders-research; however, opined ~may be knowledgeable of such \ things. !advised IVINS was odd and did odd things at USAMRIID. 1 !indicated that IVINS's cove~t swabbing efforts, afte~ he was specifi~ally instructed not to it, was an example of his odd behavior. I_ opined that most of USAMRIID viewed IVINS's swabblng efforts as his trying to show that I I was sloppy" in their handling of evidence relating to the anthrax-laced letter mailings. I I affirmed that one could also view IVINS's swabbing efforts as identifying the possible trail the anthrax-laced letters took they were in fact loaded in the c:J hot suite; however, _ _had no specific knowledge or information that could asslst the FBI pertaining to this matter. I I b7C b7F jf USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011918Anthrax Page 298 of 1446 o. FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o ~~--~-~~ o 01/0 9/2 00 8 , Page __3_ btS b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - _ _ J - - - - - - - , On noted IVINS was excluded from certain "projects," meaning USAMRIID research that directly supported the U.S. Intelligence Communit . indicated although IVINS was excluded,~~-~-~~-~~--~-~~~~~--~ I I advised did not know why IVINS did not seek out such pro] ects out of patriotism or as an ample source of funding., I IIVINS never sought out erojects pertaining to U.S. Intelligence Community,! ]has never heard IVINS make any remark or comment that one could construe as disloyal or disparaging to the U.S., the U.S. government, or its foreign policies. I !advised IVINS is currently interested in b7C F ~------~----------_.--------~lat I !advised thatl lwould become the USAMRI\D due tol I agreed to re-contact writer shouldc=Jrecall or attain any additional pertinent information. I I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011919Anthrax Page 299 of 1446 -------------------------------------------........ FD-1023 (Rev. 6-22-2007) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Confidential Human Source (CHS) Reporti.ng Document Reporting Date: o 01/09/2008 Case ID: z..-:t7 9A-WF-222936-USAMRIID (Pending) - ~----------~~(Pending) 12/27/200~ /?<? / b2 Contact Date: Type of Contact: Location: In person Frederick, Maryland Written by: SA L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . 1 Other(s) Present: None Source Reporting: On a Confidential Human Source (CHS), who is NOT in a position to testify, provided the following information: oo USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011920Anthrax Page 300 of 1446 'j: FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o b7C Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION a brief with ~--------~As in the previous interview on January 15, advised that sometime in the summer of 2001 I 1 lrecal 1 e d d' ~~scuss~ons ta k' ~ng pace specifically pertaining to BRUCE I I~S and the possibility of refocusing IVINS's researc~agenda \trom anthrax vaccine to Burkholderia mallei (g1 -' ~)I I ? r:I.:::.t-1 t-'h= ,...,"'""'"""" of Fort Detrick employees! lwho could POSS~Dly rro~~ae more speC1I~~niormat~on reiaE~ve to thel Divisions short term md J ona t.Arm research objectives?back in 2001.1 I Investigation on File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID PI Date dictated ~-------------------- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. f~~.~~--------------~ USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011921Anthrax Page 301 of 1446 o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o 1 v I The following investigation was conducted by Special Agentl lof the Federal Bureau of Investigation on January 17, 2007: ~--------~=-~r~e~v~i~o~u~s~l~ reported,!~~----~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~e~1~c~a~~~esearch was a visiting scientist~t the United Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland, (279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Serial 112~9~)-.--=In---a~d~d~i~t~i-o-n-,~i~t~h-a-s~b~een previously reported that the research derived from this visit was published in a reputable scientific journal (279A-WF-222936USAMRIID, Serial 1101). It should be noted that examination of that publication jnqica,ed the Ames strain Bacillus anthracis spores used by et al were produced via the same method that USAMRIID scientists BRUCE IVINS et al had previousl~ublished in a 1995 article. (Ivins, B.,l et al. Experimental anthrax vaccines: efficacy of adjuvants with protective antigen against an aerosol Bacillus anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs. Vaccine 1995; 13:1779-1784.) co~ned This would strongly indicate th,t the Ames strain Bacillus anthracis spores used b y w e r e derived from spores produced at USAMRIID and were not RMR 1029 derived spores. It should also be noted that the first draw on RMR 1029 wasn't until September 17, 1998 (279A-WF-USAMRIID, Serial 1716). D USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011922Anthrax Page 302 of 1446 PD-302 (R~v. 10-6-95) o I - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 1/16/2008 On January 15, 2008, former United states Armv ;ese:~ch Instj ~,= of Tn~ct i ous Diseases (USAMRIID)I .. _ l was interviewed by FBI Special Agent....__~_. ~~~~a!l Posta Inspector! I After being adviseq of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview, ~~----------.... provided the following information: ladvised thatl la..,-----------.....-:-----------::----11 no 1 onge r works at I is currently emplo_yed as I ~--------------------------, I ~ __Eo_r-t __Dei:_ri c k lVi f'l Y ., and ~------~l was asked to reflect! uponr---llaboratory experience at USAMRIID, specificall~ !thoughts ~erception as they pertain to time expended in the hot suites~ !advised that containment work done in the hot suite often provJ.ded a "nice" place to work, and an environment whereby one could "escane" from the daily everyday pressures associated with work.l I I ~w":"::a~s=--s=o=m~e:":'w"!'!vn::-:a::-:tt=--":":u:o:::n:-::-u::-::s::o::u":"a=-u.,t.-.-r:: ~o~r~a::-:n::::--::::e-=m:-:::p:""i~ .L'-o::-:y:-:e::-::e--.:t:-::o::-:g=o::-;:::h~o:-:m:-:e~ and then enter the 11na1cated that J.t I hot suite late at night on a frequent basis.r--lreiterated that it !opinion that most late night hot sui~ctivity was a. result of work that was required as an extension of a normal w~ day. " Lj I I indicated that there were a few USAMRIID o I researchers who were famous for working frequent aQd lons late night hours in the laboratories.c::Jidentifiedl ~}~E ~~I las three researchers wbo feJJ into that category! p In attempts to recalll time frame of Seotember 11 2001.1 lrole at USAMRIID back in the I f'lnvi sed tb;::~t- Investigation on File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA PI _}_']_g_5 Date dictated ~------------------ N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. f;t6v~LI USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011923Anthrax Page 303 of 1446 FD-302a (R,rv. 10-6-95) o -...1...---------=--------- o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/15/2008 ,Page--=--- Uponc==J arrival at USAMRIIDI lwas briefed concernins th~ !Division and 1ts personneli however~~----~ I }had no spec1f1c recollection ofl !indicating to~~----~ that IVINS was undergoing significant personal or family problems. I recalled that on occasion,! I ~--------~~~~, IVINS wouJd make a ~omment concerning his marital status or the like. butl: [never knew whether to take IVINS serious or notL recalled that IVINS was not open about his personal life. J ~t~h~a~t~a~s~hift in research priorities from anthrax-vaccine work to I indicated that the "writing was on the wall, " explaining When I Ireported to USAMRI ID I I other research had begun.l !explained that it became apparent from "[the command] across the street,"(Fort Detrick Command Staff) and USAMRIID Command,! that funding for the various anthrax-vaccine research programs had dried up as there was a concerted effort to shift from vaccine research into therapeutics, as therapeutics was where the research funds were. I Based on discussions atl IDivisionl meetings, whose participants were:._,.... ~----------...c:&::.;::..:..::::.:::..:::..::::.:::::....~.-----,_I____J I l I Because the remaining I I J(i.e. anthrax-vaccine work) was viewed as menial in nature, ana a waste of IVINS's talents, such tasks as validation assays, it was suggested that perhaps IVINS's should work on research pertaining to Burkholderia mallei. According tol I a consorted effort had begun to shift from anthrax-vaccine reseafch v~ccine research in general to therapeutic research. _ -~ Jclarified that the meetings and the subsequent plans to s 1ft research priorities occurred iust prior to the end of fiscal year 2001 (August 2001) . I rbelieved that word of management's intentions to shift anthrax-vaccine research had in fact filtered its way down to the individual researchers. a:: USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011924Anthrax Page 304 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . .. o --L---------.....J--------- o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/15/2008 ,Page _ _:3:::___ .. ~--~~-=~~~~~--~~~~------~~--~~--~~------~ did not recall IVINS taking the issue up the chain of command. ~----------------------~reiterated that the overall feeling was that IVINS would not be content simply conducting everyday menial type laboratory tasks, such as plating and assay work, however IVINS was resistant to glanders research At same point after the anthraxlaced letter mailings of 2001,1 !advised that due to imminent inspections and reviews that were schedule to take place during the new fiscal year, thel !Division ultimately tasked IVINS with developing standard operating procedures pertaining to various spore preparations as there was a perceived need to provide anthrax-spores to various entities via a standardized and uniformed manner. IVINS was considered a pioneer in the field of spore preparations and their use in animal challenges so he was tasked with the charge. I I sometime in 2002,1 I Ito pull all the funding from the Burkholderia mallei I falanders l oroi ects I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011925Anthrax Page 305 of 1446 o t FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - - , On 01/15/2 0 0 8 _;;;;;;;L!.=-- reasoning behind his decision. I !recalled IVINS being more upset than others on September 11, 2001. IVINS thought that USAMRIID should evacuate as he believed the last un-accounted hijacked airplane was headed for USAMRIID. I I recalled IVINS savina 11 WA aot. t.o rrt=>t- rmt of here. 11 I I ~ndicated thatl I ........... It should be noted that at the conclusion of this interview,! lwas reminded of the Non-disclosure Agreement Form he voluntarily signed on October 12, 2007 and the utmost importance of not disclosing any information discussed during this interview. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011926Anthrax Page 306 of 1446 '/..' . FD-3~2 (Rev. !0-6-95) '1.. ' o - 1- o Date of transcription b7C FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 2/12/2008 On February 1/ Social Security Account Number (SSAN) : Date f Birth (DOB) :1 ~----~1 was interviewed a of employment/ United states Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview 1 as well~ being remi:ded of a nreorious Non-Disclosure Agreement FormL_Jhad signed/! [provided the following information: f I lwas specifically asked questions pertaining tor--1 knowledge and/or involvement relating to anthrax research at US~D 1 particularly concerning the shift in research priorities from I I research to other areas around the 2000 and 2001 time frame.c::Jindicated thatl I could not recall any specific details regarding the shift in research priorities away from anthrax and into other areas other than to sa that shifts of this nature are a constant at USAMRIID. ex lained that researc pr~or~t~es constantly shift rom one researc area to another and individual researches have to make an adjustment but that jlt js an antjfipated and ongoing aspect of research work at USAMRIID.. . clarified that regardless of the various research funding shifts that have occurred back and forth over the years pertaining to the anthrax program 1 signific nt anthrax research continues to be conducted at USAMRIID today. that back in researchers/ to shift he 1990s several researc the constant nature ~n w ~c researchers often need to be flexible and demonstrate an ability ~apt depending on the evolving research priorities at USAMRIID.L__jadvised that there is always a certain level of constant tension but that is simply a norm in the work environment at USAMRIID. recalled that twenty five years ago the research env~ronment was quite different than it is today.l I explained that today there is significantly more oversight than in years past. Today/ researchers are held more accountable; there is a greater emphasis and focus on products researchers develop. Investigation on I I --~~---------- 2 008 at Fort Detrick Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDSA PI This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011927Anthrax Page 307 of 1446 k j '\ FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~------------------~ o r--------------'On 2/1/2008 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -2-- Researchers appear to complain much more frequently than in past years. !advised that even today, anthrax research is still a significantly funded research program at USAMRIID. There is ~ontinuous flow of dollars being allocated for anthrax .research. L___Jadvised that last year two million dollars were allocated at USAMRIID for anthrax research.c::Jexplained that unlike other research programs, such as glanders/ funding for anthrax research has always been available. It would be understandable 'for researchers to have been upset had the anthrax program been compl tled and the.funding stopped but that was not the I ? ? ary ~~ax researchers at r=~-=~~~~----------------~--~ 1 BRU IVINS~~------------~ is certain that during this time frame may have had numerous conversations with many people, including IVINS, concerning a number of topics revolving around various aspects of the anthrax program. However ,I I could not recall any specific details about any of the conversationsc=Jmay have had with IVINS/ specifically pertaining to the time period preceding the terrorists attacks in 2001. ~~~~ not USAMRIID have benefittea the most as far as research I lopined that~r~~--~----~----------~----~ funding is concerned as a result of the 2001 anthrax-laced letter mailings.c:] reiterated that USAMRIID's anthrax research program has not benefitted at all as a result of the mailings. I I advised thatl I ~~--~~~------------~------~~----------------~----~~I reiterated thatL_jdoes no~nduct any laboratory research work in the hot suites and thatL_J_would not know where any of the various Ba ?strains were storea. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011928Anthrax Page 308 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o b6 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7 Date of transcription 02 I 2 2 I 2 0 0 8 r----lr On the afternoon Social Securit ~ (DOB) was interviewed place of employment as pre-arranged. After being advised.~~~--~ identity of the agents and the purpose of the interviewrl provided the following information: ~-------(WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication is a Non-disclosure Agreement Form! voluntarily read and signed.) ? I confirmed that was asked for perceptiqp as to the current status of the anthrax:investigation. l ~dvised that it wasl l understanding that "someone at USAMRIID is going to get n iled 1 11 and that the investigation appears to be foey:jpr on BRUCE VINS or that IVINS was at the top of the "list."l _had heard t t sometime in November 2007r IVINS's house had: een searched and that \IVINS had subsequently taken a medical leaye of gbsence I I !opined that the anthrax powder used in the 2001 1....---.:--:;---:-~ anthrax-laced letter mailings was most likely produced in ~mercial type facilityi as opposed to an a9ademic type facility .. L_Jsuggested that investigators 'should" be looking, closely at biola ical comme ? type businesses such asl xplained that companies sucfi asl I ~p~r~o~u~c~e~ra~r~~e~~u~a~n~t~1~'t~i:es of pesticides and other commercial products. produces large quantities of drie ana was located not too far from Prine r opined other such co~panies also have experience biologicals -I j advised that I Investigation on ____ o_2~/_0_6~/2_o_?o_a___ atiL-----------=====~==------------------------- .",. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRTr by ~~I _ ,,q 1 Date dictated ~------------------ N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. [t is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011929Anthrax Page 309 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95} o ~--------------------~ o 1 - - - - ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 02/06/2008 ,Page _...;:2=--- toc==Jknowledge researchers at USAMRIID never worked with dry spores just wet spore preparations of Bacillus anthracis. recalled that back in the September 11, 2001, time frame, both before and after the attacks, researchers in I !Division were still conductinq recombinant Protein Antigen (rPA) anthrax vaccine research.! I I I !explained that even has not really changed.! I advised tha~ never saw any kind of substantial decrease ~n funding for anthrax related research. WhileD was I I I the momentum for anthrax research was constant. ~oaay, Ob]ect~ve ~ ~~was~ bel~et tha~ tjl~s I ~----~~lwas not aware of any significant concerns that IVINS may have had or voiced regarding the notion. that anthrax research and/or specifically rPA Tesearch ~as going away prior to the September 11, 2001 time framel Jre-iterated that IVINS 1 s funding in the period of time preceding the anthrax-laced letter mailings of 2001 was stable and IVINS should not have been concerned.! lopined that maybe IVINS had assumed thaf he ;as no longer going to be able to conduct anthrax research hnt I can not be sure of what IVINS was thinking at the time.~~--------~- advised that 11 [IVINS] would often make assumftilns that were not necessarily true. 11 I I again reiterated could not be certain of what IVINS was thinking in the period of time leading up to the anthrax-laced letter mailings of 2001. ~------~~also re~alled that prior to the September 11, 2001 time frame IVINS was USAMRIID 1 s technical representative to DUGWAY PROVING GROUNDS (DPG) pertaining? to a project whereby DPG was contracted out to produce large quantities of wet Bacillus anthracis spores. Part of IVINS research responsibilities was to ensure or develop a standardized spore preparation system to be used in animal challenges and the DPG srores were to be used towards this goal. As an aside, I _recalled the DPG spores USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011930Anthrax Page 310 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . o - - - - - L __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/06/2008 _,3=..__ Continuation ofFD-302 of ,Page _ were "not clean 11 and had to be purified of their non-refractile spores, and vegetative debris. ~------~' recalled that sometime around 1999 there definitely appeared to be a natural shift in anthrax research from countermeasures to therapeutics butr=ldid no~ believe this would have had an effect on IVINS, althou9h[ Jnoted at some point IVINS had one of his research proposals rejected for funding. ~----~1 indicated that IVINS always had some kind work to do with respect to a~imal experiments. At firstl lcould not recall the to i " do with IVINS 11 comJ.n at various, eetjnq~ or meetings, but ._a...,..-:-t-e_r__ s_o_m_e r e-:=f'"'l"l_e_c-:-t-J.:-.o_n , ____ ..... ] in J.cated did have some recollection whereby the topic came up elayed that the issue of 11 What to do ?with IVINS" was no a resu of anything negative but was simply an effort to maximize IVINS's skills. F I . 1. recalled th~t. prior to :eptember 1 1 2001 arfund the 1999 tJ.me perJ.od, two entJ.tJ.es, I ~ ~ ~ . I __l...,became incre._a_s~J..,...n~g..--y___,J._n_v~o'""'l'~"'"v---e...,.d___,.i-n~t..,h~e---r-=P~A research fJ.eld. Tfiec::J actually became the main system vendor for the anthrax vaccine as rPA research began to transition to the advanced development stage. Research work at USAMRIID became much. more regimented and the review process underwent greater scrutiny as did the merit of the various research proposals. Prior to 1999 the research atmosphere at USAMRIID was more academic-like. The general attitude was 11 You're gonna get some money; just write some thing up . " The need ~l.L~~J..?~~~W~...l:.e.5~L.J:;J;::J:l..JJ.:a.c.:.J:.E~3.e.!l-OJJL.., did not totall ~~--~~~opined thatc::Jis not sure whether USAMRIID researchers benefitted o~t?as a result of the anthrax-laced letter mailings of 200l.L__jfeels that the anthrax mailings actually hurt USAMRIID employees in that a significant increase in research dollars became available resulting in a significant increase in competition as wellL:] stated that 11 All kinds of people came out of the woodwork." The entire research environment surrounding the biological defense community became more competitivel ~ named the Navy, Air Force, and the National Institute of Health as examples-of new competitors. When questioned about IVINS's late ~igh~ activity in the hot suites at USAMRIID,I !indicated tha was unaware that USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011931Anthrax Page 311 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - - - - - L_________...J---....._ _ _ 02/06/2008 ,Page_-=--- IVINS had any kind of late night ho~uite activity that would be classified as unusual or excessive.L_j was simply not familiar with IVINS's work hours other than to say thatr-lwas aware that on occasion, IVINS, as well as many other re~chers at USAMRIID, would have to frequent the hot suites to do work. Continuing on the topic of BRUCE IVINs,c===Jadvised that the hot suites were a terrible place to work.L_jex~lained that one could not eat or drink while in the hot su1te. Upon being informed of IVINS frequent late night hot suite activity around the time period preceding the anthrax-laced letter mailings in 2001, I I replied that it was "weird. "I I advised that frequently researchers have to go in late at night to check on plates or animals and that this type of activity lasts normally anywhere from twenty minutes to an houri !confirmed that, for the most part, the work a researcher conducts in the hot suit should often be corroborated by .. various entries in corresponding laboratory notebooks associated with the? r Q r o j e c t the researcher is working on in the hot suite. reiterated that if IVINS was in the hot. suite working then e wou d expect that IVINS's work to be documented in his (IVINS's) laboratory notebooks. could not recall any notable behavior changes in IVINS dur1ng the period of time preceding the thrax-laced letter mailings of 20011 !initially descr~ib~e~-~~~~~~~---. "friends"; howev~r, Iater clar1f1ed that I I had no NS ever confiding i such matters in the period of tim preceding the anthrax-la e etter mailings of 2001. I I reiterated that IVINS never expressed tol I that? he (IVINS) was having any sort of roblem ? affecting him? at work. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011932Anthrax Page 312 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I oo , Page _...::5::..__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - - - - - ; __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____:t----- , On 02 /0 6 /2 0 0 8 to the anthrax-laced letter mailings, nor di recall IVINS ever expressing any specific family matters wit during this~od. l recalled that IVINS would often make comments aboutL___J L......::::f~a-m-:'i-=1-y i however, I ..... lopined these were 11 tongue in cheek 11 comments soc:J was never sure how to take them. reiterate~ did not recall IVINS being i: ~ d~fressed sfate prior some depression as a result of the anthrax mailings and the subsequent scrutiny placed on USAMRIID employeest 1 lr~called the unauthorized environmental sampling incident which IVINS had been involved in.l I was of the opinion that IVINS simply and innocently belJ.eved that some contamination had occurred as a?result of USAMRIID 1 s efforts to handle and analyze the anthrax-laced letter powder and therefor IVINS took it upon himself?, as~ a safety precaution, to conduct environmental sampling on his own.l I opined that the contamination most likely occur~ed as a result of some of the anthrax powder leaking out of the baggie containing the anthraxlaced letters, subsequently transferring virulent anthrax powder to the outside of the baggie. !continued that thel 7 ~--~~initially handled the anthrax-p~o~w~a~e~r~s~a~n~d~t~h~a~t~?~s~u~b~s~e~q~u e~n~t~ly the letters were placed in a baggie and IVINS tfok the lett~r from and placed it into the B3 pass-box.l . was specifically queried as to how didr-lknow that it was IVINyat took the letters fromc:::J to the-133 hot suite, to which replied, 11 That o s what Bruce told me. 11 ! !opined that viru ent anthrax was on the outside of the baggie and IVINS, who had a bad back, likely supported himself outside the B3 pass-box with one hand on the wall above the pass-box asr-l placed the contaminated baggie into the pass-box. further opined t~ne sample above the passbox was very hot and this?confirme~theory. I c==J I I therefor'when affirmed .that. IVINsos swabbing efforts did not identify the source of the cont~minationi however IVINS was sufficiently thorou$h enough to indicate that it ~a~ and that. I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011933Anthrax Page 313 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 02/06/2 0 0 8 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _ _ _ _ _....___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _......__ _ _ _ , On , Page _ _6=--- recalled that only a few spores opined IVINS swabbed his office office and ~~~~~~~~--~~--.-~--~~----~~-.~~called tha IVINS initially tol about the growths told IVINS back and confirm that it was virulent anthrax. IVIN that they ~ere in fact virulent chain of ~--------~a-v-e~f~a~1~1~e-n_u_n~d-e-r~the category as IVINS supervisor.! was una e to ~ ent~ y anyone specific I reiterated that there should be documentation available which would identify who IVINS's raters were. In an attempt ~a fm:;ther sparkJ recollection of events within t~el t Division prior to the anthrax-laced letter mailings~wa shown some old USAMRIID e-mails which IVINS had authored. The'first A~ril 2001 was a res onse from IVINS to I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011934Anthrax Page 314 of 1446 FD-302a (Re~. 10-6-95) o o 02 I 0 6 I 2 0 0 8 , Page -L 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --------;_--------------~------- , On The next series of e-mails were daj-ecf':?j:m~,;: 22 and ? 2001, from Ivins tol _ =s The Freedom o nrormation Act ~~~~~~~~~~--------------~~._~~~IVINS's response was to opined that IVINS JJ[lm~~e0jw~aus~c15oC?BnEs}J.~sitt:Ee~nllt~aanrid:I:nl<:o~t~o~u~t~oo~f~c;Ih~aracter for IIVIINS . ~--~~~advised that prior to being.shown the e-mail, did not recall thel I FOIA request. = J. ~~--~~Ire-iterated that IVINS's funding in the period of time preceding the anthrax-laced letter mailings was stable and IVINS should not have been concerned. (WFO NOTE: The above mentioned e-mails shown to~l________ are enclosed in the FD-340 associated with this communication.) USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011935Anthrax Page 315 of 1446 "?-~ \a FD-1023 (Rev. 6-22-2007) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Confidential Human Source (CHS) Reporting Document Reporting Date: Case ID: o o 04/21/2008 CPending) .......{ \ I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRTTQ I ~~ b2 Contact Date: 04/17/2008 In person Type of Contact: Location: Frederick, Maryland Written by: SA Other(s) Present~:~S~A~I==============.---~ Source Reporting: Confidential Human Source (CHS), who is NOT in a position to testify, provided the following information: After a FOX News internet news story entitled "FBI Focusing on 'About Four' Suspects in 2001 Anthrax Attacks" was posted on 03/28/2008, several employees of the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) began to discuss the article and the ongoing AMERITHRAX investigation. CHS advised that, after reading the article, many USAMRIID employees came to the conclusion that I Ia scientist formerly employed at USAMRIID, was one of the unnamed individuals discussed in the article. b6 b7D CHS further reported that USAMRIID employees have also been discussing the search of BRUCE IVINS' home during the fall of 2007. CHS advised that there has been discussion of how the FBI searched IVINS' home and paid for him, and his family, to stay in a hotel. It has been said that IVINS was not allowed to return to his house for two days. USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011936Anthrax Page 316 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o 8 1~ o b6 Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05/05/2008 Account was interviewed at his residence. After being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview,! provided the following information? ~---------~ (It should be noted that . ./ . .I I during the duration of the interview wasl I, Date of Birth (DOB) : I I Social Securi.,(y Account Number (SSAN) :I I 1 ac:tv1.sed that I I !because ofl II/. .I I I confirmed 1 sincel that he has been residing at his ~r; I " !confirmed that he knows! IiiNS. He indicated that BRUCEI II'IV'el I IBaircE I Investigation on File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDSA PI L '1 {o Date dicta~ed .:. :.N.:.!./.:. :.A.:. :._________ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.(;Lfp~ .:~~-----...1 USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011937Anthrax Page 317 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o ?o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ~~~~~~~~~---,~~~~~~e=m=p~o~ym~e~n~t~a~s~p~r~e~-~a~r=r~a~n~g==e~d~.~A~f~t~e~r=-tbeing ~~-=i~d~entity was ~----~~provided the?following information: of the agents and"the purpose of the (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with communication is a Non-disclosure Agreement Forml voluntarily read and signed.) I confirmed that while em was as ed to ~c~o~m~m~e~n~t~a~s~t~o~--~u~n~d~e~f~s~t~a~n~d~j=n~g~o~f~~t~h~e~c=u=r~r~e=n~t~status of the anthrax investigation. ] indicated that it wasl I understanding that the inve?stigation to date continues to focus on the belief that the anthrax-laced letter mailings and/or the mailer is associated with USAMRIID.I I indicated to the interviewing agents thatc:Jdid not desire to have an over view of t~e entire invejtiJation but thatl !stance over the years 1 regardless of what has read in the newspapers or heard via the rumor mill 1 has not changed in thatc::Jdoes not believe that anyone at USAMRIID was involved in the anthrax-laced letter mailings. j reiterated on several occasions throlghlut the interview that based onc==Junderstanding and based on having . observed the quantity of dry Bacillus anthracis (Ba) powder recovered from the anthrax-laced letters it was not feasible to believe that anyone at USAMRIID could have made dry Ba powder of that quantit~and fcality without being detected by other U.SAMRIID employees! _ _confirmed thatc:J was aware that certain researchers iQ specifically dried/lyophylized small amounts o~f~r--e-a~e-n~t-s---a-s____n_e c_e_s_s_a_r_y~ function a __ of their-research but emphasized that the amounts were small and I / Investigation on File# --~--~------- 04/11/2008 at ~--------~~~------~~------------------------- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\(~{ Date dictated - :1 I ~------------------- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. J'ldA/~.::-1~-------'USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011938Anthrax Page 318 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - - - - - L __ _ _ _ _ _. . J - - - - - - - - ,On 04/11/2008 _...::::2:..___ as the that of the anthrax- to the quantity of Ba oowder recovered from the letter mailinas .I anthrax?,~~o~ I !advised that USAMRIID? researc~~ ,I also mav Provide furth~=>r i nJ::ti nht as to t-hP f"'h::Jr::J ?pr1 c::d-; ,.-.c;, I powders.! L recalled I I ' ;.-..f'.' t-'ho I I .L--~~~1 opined that whoever is responsible for the anthrax-laced letter mailings W?uld have required significant amounts of time and privacy which was not in abundance at USAMRIID. I I expounded that the perpetrator would have needed significant privacy and time in order to have produced numerous batches of spore preparations as well as having to conduct a series USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011939Anthrax Page 319 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 0 4/11 /2 0 0 8 , Page ---=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _____.a....-------L------- ,On of experiments in order to optimize the Ba powder in the same consistency as the recovered Ba evidence. When asked to provide an opinion as to whow at IISA~RIID had the greatest capability to purify wet sporesL Jresponded that) ~BRUCE IVINS were the most capable. I I re~terated again that D did not think it was pos'sible for an employee at ?usAMRIID to have produced the anthrax powder, mainly because laboratory space was extremely crowded and therefore it would be impossible for the perpetrator to maintain anon~ity while producing such a large volume of purified Ba spores.l I described IVINS as just an "odd duck," someone who is very benign. ~.....:--"'1""';"-::-r-'lapproximated the budget- in 1995 to be in the area of 1.5 million dollars and that by 2002 the budget had risen to approximately 8 million dollars. I !intimated that funding was always a constant issue at USAMRIID' and implied that there was nothing abnormal about that. By 2002,1 I explained that USAMRIID's customer base had grown significantly to include research requests from entities-such asi Department of Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, and various other law enforcement entities! I specifically recalled providing support back in the 1999 time frame to the Federal Bureau of Investigation pertaining to tjbe', bj gb :volume of hoax and mock biological terrorist attacks.! I recalled this time period as providing an excellent opportunity to prepare for a terrorist attack. D I described the 1995 time frame at USAMRIID as being 11 to._u_g-.;-h_y_e_a_r_.s" asc:::::J recalled the closing of the annex laboratory on base that resulted in many USAMRIID Divisions having to consolidate resources.! !specifically recalled a time period in the late 1990's and early 2000 that the Bacteriology Division's vaccine developmental programs were under funded primarily due to the anticipation that both the anthrax and plaque vaccine products were transitioning over to the advanced development stage. The recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA) anthrax vaccine"had transjtioned over to the Joint Vaccine Acquisition Program (JVAP). I ] could not recall any specific instances of an outwardly display of f~ustrat~on the part of Bacteriology Division employeesi however, L__jcharacterized Bacteriology Division employee frustration an ? tentment as simply "hallway talk" arou~d=t~ water coolers. recalled some frustration exhibited b , in par~ due to some ~r~e~~n~t~m~e~n~t~~a~n~~r~u-s~t~r~a~t~~~o~n~s~a~r~e~d~bLy~~B~a~cteriology Division researchers due to the increased amount of effort having to expend I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011940Anthrax Page 320 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 04/11/2008 ,Page---=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _ _ _ ___._ _ _ _ _ _- - : - - L - - - - - - - ,On on environmental sampling issues?as opposed to what they really wanted to do, which was basic scientific research. ~--------~~has advised that.~--~----------~ not received any inquiries from past or current FBI employees pertaining to the anthrax investigation. was given an opportunity to briefl~ browse throughl:] page report hereafter identified as I The anonymous report, dated July 21,.2001, is an efforty a~n~--~ individual or group of individuals to cast suspicion being responsible not only for the 2001 anthrax-laced letter attacks but also cast sus icion? 'on for the Upon scannlng Lhroug~n~-t~h-e_r_e_p_o_r t~ __ made the following observations. L I I onl las I I I USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011941Anthrax Page 321 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 16 5 - b2, b6, b7C, b7D 14 ~ b7D 53- b2. b6, b7C, b7E56- b2. b7E 89 ~ b2, b6, b7C, b7D 103- b2, b6, b7C, b7E 109- b2, b6, b7C, b7E ! 10 ~ b2, b6, b7C, b7E l13-b2,b7E 114- b2, b7E 1! 5 ~ b2, b7E 195- b6, b7C, b7D 199- b6, b7C 200 ~ b6, b7C 208- b6, b7C 209- b6, b7C USAMRIID Section 4.pdf 011942Anthrax Page 322 of 1446 I I (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 09/29/2006 Washington Field ~I--~------------~~ . _ I- - - - - - - - - - - - - : ' SSA Counterterrorism/WMDOU SSA b7c I From: Washington Field AMX 3 Contact: I Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX Major Case 184 F (Pending)- \\oi\J~ Synopsis: To provide a peri die update regarding the United States Army Medical Institute of Infeclious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detric , MD. Buildin Suites_ I These suites are known locations for work with and storage of Bacillus anthracis Ames. Details: For a comprehensive overview of Suitel !activity, co-worker observations, unidentified individual identification, fermentors usage, Ames sample issues, Genealogy, andl I Lyop h 1 1ze d B a, the f 0 11 OWlnQ lnd' 'dUa 1 S h ave b een 1nt erv1ewe d '1. ' ' ' lVl in this effort: I 1 currently pencilng 1nterv1ews 1nclud.e :1 I Suite~~-------_. Individuals were interviewed to determine unusual suite activity in the laborator ovided the following in~tion regardin cess tol__jbut would to avoid the hassle of having to shower out of and then showe~ intol I No one recalled any unknown individuals or unusual USAMRIID Section 5.pdf DJ 011943Anthrax Page 323 of 1446 To: ? Re: Washington Fi"d From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/26/2006 Fiel~ F activify in ruitesl No dry powder work was observed in S u i t e s o r in other locations at USAMRIID. It was believed that this type of work would not go unnoticed. It was mentioned, however, that there was a benchtop SpeedVac in several locations used to dry small quantities of material for analysis. 2 Fermentor Identification and tracking of fermentors in place at USAMRIID positivel1r id~ntifi~ fermentor as having been in place in Building! ] Rooml___jaround the time of the anthrax mailings. Additional fermentors of interest have been identified for location, materials used, and operator with an undetermined final disposition date. The fermentors ranged in volume from 150-Liters to 5-Liters. The two largest fermentors were manufactured by New Bru~~ick Inc. and were not portable. These could not likely have bee used in a discreet manner. The 5-L fermentor also manufactured by New Brunswick was lent tol by Bruc~ Ivins. !indicated the New Brunswick fermentors were likely to predate 2001. 3 Further analysis would be required to determine which fermerttors were up and running between 09/11/01 and 10/9/2001. b7C b2 F I I Ames Samples Interviews were conducted to determine Ames distributiln. disposal. and storage as performed by personnel. Within the !Division it was general e d g e that Ba Ames was stored in Suites !recalled being cluttered with flasks andlplate! containing prepare media; r-l believed spore solutions of anthrax were stored there as wel~ Two -70oC freezers were located in the hallways of Suitesl I Any researcher with access to the suites had ?access to the freezers and their contents. I There were no sign-in/sign-out procedures and it was at the discretion of the individual inve~tor to control the dissemination of their materials. Inl___jintervie~ lstated thatc==Jdid not remember signing an a er work in order to rece1ve Ames samples from Ivins. 4 believedr--lworked with Ba Ames received from workea-wiih Ba Ames from and believed it or1g1 vins,l I was uncertain as or not Q received ~----r~om Ivins or but ment1oned it 2 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011944Anthrax Page 324 of 1446 To: ? Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/26/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ There was no consistent method for the disposal of materials/ as many researchers would autoclave their own waste 1 while others would leave items in or around the autoclave until it reached capacity. Genealogy Interviews were conducted to discriminate between Ba Ames samples by tracking dissemination of spore stocks and dilutions 1 specifically RMR 1029 "Dugway Spores// because of its commonalities with the Ames strain used in the anthrax mailings of 2001. The flask labeled "RMR 1029 GLP Ames Spores Oct 97" could not be definitively identified 1 although several individuals did recognize the handwriting to be similar to that of Ivins. Due to the volume of glassware in and around Building particular location or time frame. maintained a copy of the Reference Material Receipt (RMR after receiptQa couple of milliliters of Ba Ames from Ivins and because had earlier observed! !maintain a similar documen in I rotebook. I !indicated that Ivins did not record the Ba Ames transferred to him. Ivins also provided a tube containing approximately one milliliter of a purified 10 9 concentrated sample of Ba Ames for a 2001 challenge in whichl !assisted 1425 and Building 1412, no one coulf :~::1 this flask at a I .________.I Lyophilized Ba In the Building Suitel lwalk-in refrigerator, boxes containing lyophilization vials were found. The handwritin on the boxes stated 1 I I T b7F ~s sample storage. ~------~~~~~~~--------------~were ass~gned a project to but did not recognize the ~~~~~--------~r~e~c~o~g=n~~~z~e~-r~e~~ox of vials and acknowledged the ox wasc===Jown. indicated the vials must have been there before L__jarrived came across the vials during an inventory of Suite It has not been determined where the material lyophilized. Observation of Coworkers Observations provided by the interviewees were to include the name of persons they had direct contact with in the 3 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011945Anthrax Page 325 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Fi"d From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/26/2006 Fiel~ I suites, with additional observations including information about I Ivins andl I There were no unusual activities or statements made by co-workers that would lead interviewees to suspect someone's involvement in the anthrax mailings of 2001. Interviewees that kne~w~~--~--~1 did not mention any unusual behaviors performed by~l--~ It was -'? I ~~--~----~~~--~--------~-r--~~~1 No one w1tnessedl~~--~~ I allowing unfettered access to_L__jlab or other! ISultes to individuals not permitted to be there. It is Bel1eved all ofc===J I lwork was ~with attenuated strains rf anthrax and was in accordance withl___jduties. In an interviewL ~tated thatl ldid not have a good relationship with Iv1ns. ~~--~~lwas mostly described as a competent worker who was supportive of individuals. No one ?~~~~~ion ofr--l involvement with an unusual activit was descrrbed as about Ivins ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~work life because Ivins was described as odd by many individuals. It was further explained that he may be socially inept, but that he was in general a "good" guy. No one believed that his personality translated to his work in a negative way. Ivins was described as professionally competent, intelligent, and someone who liked to joke around. No one mentioned witnessing any unusual activities performed by him. Investigative Goals Ongoing initiatives include: interviewing the rema1n1ng individuals, detailing the a c t i Q ' of individuals who accessed ? the containment areas of Suites from approximately 9/1/2001 to 10/15/2001 using detailed ana ys1s of time and attendance schedules and keycard access records, and lab notebook reviews to conduct a comparative study of the timeline versus statements made in interviews for significant persons. Information will be plotted in chart format by the general analys~s The c==J individuals identified as having accessedt ~~h~e~J------------------~~ ~---~!between 9/1/2001 and 10/15/2001 are:~l-------------------------~ 4 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011946Anthrax Page 326 of 1446 . 4 "'4 ( oo To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/26/2006 Fi~d From: Washington Fiel~ I As more information is developed during this initiative, goals will be reevaluated as needed. The investigation is continuing . oo l.(U) FD-302 o~L,._ _ ___.ICOl-23-06)- Sub USAMRIID Serial1463 IC02-13-06)- Sub POI Serial1487 2.(U) FD-302 o~ 3.(U) EC to WFO from WFO (09-07-06)- Sub USAMRIID Serial1598. ICOI-23-06)- Sub USAMRIID Serial1463 4.(U) FD-302 o~ ~===.... 5.(U) FD-302 of (02-13-06)- Sub POI Serial1487 I I 6.(U) FD-302 ofl 7.(U) FD-302 o~ 8.(U) FD-302 o~ 9.(U) FD-302 o~ lO.(U) FD-302 ofl 1(01-23-06)- Sub USAMRIID Serial1463 1(02-13-06)- Sub 302 Serial4561 1(03-15-06)- Sub USAMRIID Serial1520 1(02-13-06)- Sub POI Seria11487 1(03-29-06)- Sub 302 Serial4678 5 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011947Anthrax Page 327 of 1446 (Rev. 08-28-2000) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Date: Amerithrax 10/02/2006 o Washington Field Washington Field Amerithrax-2 ~--------------------------------~ Contact: SA~I------~~----------------------~ .I Approved By: From: I Drafted By: Case ID #: I 279A-WF-222936 Sub SeilS (Pending)- L..\ 279A-WF-222936 Sub USAMRIID (Pending)- I <..OS/ Q D Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 279A-WF-222936-Sci18 Serial 3 279A-WF-222936-Sci18 Serial 2 Reference: Synopsis: To compile all information regarding the distribution of Ames strain stock RMR-1029 which tested positive for genotypes Al, A3, and D. Enclosure: A one (1) page spreadsheet of quantities, dates, researchers, and reference serials/notebooks of Bacillus anthracis spore production transfers of RMR-1029 spore material. Details: By way of background, in July, 2006 an investigative initiative was established to compile all information regarding the genealogy of Ames strain samples testing positive for genotypes Al, A3, and D. It was subsequently determined that all samples testing positive for the Al, A3, and D genotypes were identified as being sub-samples of RMR1029. b7C On 09/21/2006 and 09/22/2006 SAs ~--------------~ conducted a detailed review of inventory for RMR-1029, provided by Bruce Ivins, FD-302s, electronic communications, and subpoenaed material such as scientific notebooks and llr D7506a.ec USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011948Anthrax ) Page 328 of 1446 .o . To: Laboratory Washington Field Re: 279A-WF-222936, 10/02/2006 ." Frll: ~ material transfer paperwork in order to substantiate all transfers of RMR-1029 spore material from the time of its inception on 10/22/1997 through the window of opportunity for the second anthrax mailing in October of 2001. Noted transfers of material were substantiated using laboratory notebooks 3745, 3945, 4000, 4010, 4237, and 4251. A final AMERITHRAX-2 developed inventory control sheet was generated taking into account transfers of material as well as material used for quality assurance testing and within lab (Ivins' scientific group) animal challenges which were not originally identified on the maintained inventory for RMR1029 . oo D7506a.ec 2 b6 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011949Anthrax Page 329 of 1446 b6 ' ' '? !Quantity References Log Date (ml) Reciepient Comment 03/17/98 unknown Bruce Ivins Microscopic examinations/encapsulation study See pages 73?78, notebook 4010 03/20/98 3 I Spores irradiated for endotoxin/phenol analysis See page potebooij I FD?302 su o SAMRIID #1472 dated 1/24/06 and EC sub?USAMRIID Protocol 098-03 under! 05/13/98 unknown #1456, da~01/11/200.L_ I Aerisolization study 09/17/98 See pag~ Inotebook! - I On 3/16/1999 Bruce determined the CFU of 03/16/99 1Bruce Ivins RMR-1 029. Determined to be 2.3 x1 QA1 0/ml. See page 91, notebook 401 0 03/23/99 See I 11vinsc::J B97?05, sub-cutaneous injection Notebook I pagd Washed spores-?2.3x1 OA1 O/ml??>2x1 0"8/ml See FD-302 sub?USAMRIID #1489 03/24/99 unknown Sub-cutaneous injection See Noteboo lpag~ I 04/27/99 unknown Jlvins Projected aerisolization study--postponed See page lnoteboo~ ..1.. 05/05/99 See Sub-cutaneous injection 11vins Notebook.....__, page! 05/11/99 I Sub-cutaneous injection pag( notebook 05/19/99 unknown Ivins See I See Ivins notebook #3745 page 68 08/19/99 unknown Bruce Ivins 897?03, sub-cutaneous injection FD-302 sub-USAMRIID #1472 dated 1/24/06 and EC sub-USAMRIID #1456, dated 01/11/2006 10/15/99 unknown I Aerisolization study {Irradiated) 6 Se~ Noteboo~ 02/22/00 pag~ I Noteboo~ 03/22/00 8 See mentioned page on I I See PageQnoteboound EC sub-USAMRIID #1456, dated 04/03/00 B00-003 Part 1 7E 01/11/200.2._ 06/29/00 1 anthracis death using fixative/Gm killing See page Jnoteboo~ I 4{ B00-003 Part 2 See EC sub-USAMRIID #1456, dated 01/11/2006 07/07/00 Repeat EM expertiment See pag inoteboo~ 07/10/00 unknown I 4( For DARPA mass spec project with JHU?APL See? FD-302 sub-302, #3605 dated 4/15/2003 08/28/00 10( F00-11 Bioport See EC sub-USAMRIID #1456, dated 01/11/2006 12/04/00 University of New Mexico. Samples submitted See Sub 302 Serial4309, MAIN Serial6492, Sub Lab Serial1266. to the repository were negative for A A3, and USAMRIID Form 11 rindicates that the sample was 1029, shipped on 1, D! Note: UNM's Biosafety level (BSL) 3suite 3/7/01 but the cone. listed was 3x10A9/ml, and tested at 7x10"8/ml by was not ready for laboratory work at the time .Ivins added this on 4/9/04, going over the 11 rforms he this sample was shipped. The Ba was placed realized the ommission from the log and added it. The cones., in storage until after the 2001 anthrax attacks, ommision from the log, and neg. genetic assays indicate that the when the BSL-3 suite was completed. sample was not actually RMR?1 029. See Notebook #4000 Page 42. 0. 03/07/01 800?003 Part 3 See EC sub-USAMRIID #1456, dated 01/11/2006 6 04/06/01 91 Battelle Form 11 rindicates 50 ml of spores (3.9x1 OA1 0/ml) were sent! 05/01/01 51 Battelle Form 11 rindicates 30 ml of spores (3.9x1 OA1 0/ml) were sent! 06/15/01 5( See EC sub?USAMRIID #1456, dated 01/11/2006 Ivins B00-003 Part 4 07/09/01 See EC sub?USAMRIID #785, dated 05/11/2004 08/27/01 t 1( Aerisolization study See EC sub?USAMRIID #795 and sub-MAIN 6263 10/04/01 - 0 .. 1of 1 10/2/2006 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011950Anthrax Page 330 of 1446 UNCLASSIFIED 6 0 3 2 4TJCBA1!J/DK/ CMl)JW' A FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1Date of trans~ription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 10/04/2006 b7C birth! Research date of FUnited'4itates Army Medical Inst~tute of Infect~ous Diseases (USAMRIID) , office number interviewed at Fort Detrick, Maryland. After ~~~~~~?dentity of the agents and the purpose of the ~--------~provided the following information: On October 2. 2006 II : I ~lite ~o~~r !confirmed the existence of a unit called the OB?erver Force (EROF) at su erv~s~on of the Biosuret Officer. I ~r_e_c_o~~e--c~t~~-o-n-,~t~e--=E=R~0~F~w-a-s--~~n~~~t~~ally created shortly after adv~sed,? to the best of September 11, 2001, as a response by USAMRIID management increase the level of security in the labs. back in The EROF ~s to~~~~ Y~ ?~~----~ ~ ~s-o~1~d~~~?e r_s__ __ w~h-o---a-r-e~t-a-s~k~e~d~w~i~t~h~conducting random and unannounced staffed totally by observations of research activity within the Biosafety Level-2 (BSL) and BSL-3 suites in Buildings 1412 and 1425. The observations are conducted on all shifts and the times of observation are kept a secret from non-EROF personnel.,Due to safety concerns, EROF personnel are not permitted into BSL-4 areas to conduct spot observations. Observations are accomplished by merely peering into the var~ous labs from hallway or door windows, making n9te of an2r work place activity that appears suspicious or unusual.~~-~--~----~ reiterated EROF personnel do not enter laboratories within the containment suites rather they merely peer into the labs from the hallway. Also, not all EROF personnel were vaccinated and as such wore respirators while walking down the hallways in the BSL-3 containment suites. Investigation on File# --~--~-------- 10/02/2006 at --------------------------~----~----------------- Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated I by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\\oOfQ SA! I I n/a This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ;::/c:w~ ~ ; 03 o;< _ USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011951Anthrax Page 331 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ----'--------------'------,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of 10/04/2006 ,Page ____ 2 !advised that since its inception back in 2001, the EROF 1 s~r-o~l~e-a-t~U~SAMRIID has somewhat diminished due to the installation of video cameras throughout the various labs in Building 1425. However, Building 1412 still has a significant number of labs which have not been equipped with video cameras and therefore continues to receive a lot of attention from the EROF. I lwas specificall recollection of former USAMRIID~~~~~~~~ confirmed knowin I b7c n 1an I .I I r----~~a~n~c~~w~a~s~p~r~l~m~a~r~l~.~r.:y~w~o~r~n~w~rren conducting research inl :::;u.1.t..es .1 advised that these suits are not required to when conducting research with Bacillus anthracis (Ba) .r---l explained that Ba is categorized as a BSL-2 level biolOgical agenti however, USAMRIID for safety reasons, classifies Ba as a BSL-3 organism. r--ladvi~ed that the Safety Office at USAMRIID maintains records a~the assignment of these suits. recalled workin with I f llab ..Qe worn b7C pertaining~t~o--e-n-v~1-r-o~nmental swabbing of the various labs.! lwas asked to explain the process at USAMRIID I advised that environmental swabbing is conducted in the various USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011952Anthrax Page 332 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --'-------------...L....----- ,On 10/04/2006 ,Page___.:==--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of labs on a weekly basis and is done by the suite supervisors or their designee. There are no outside v?~j?~~~u_~~~~~QD~~~i_~ on the environmental swabbing efforts. ~..,s""w""'a,.....,..,..,.J...,.,n""'g,......,J.""'s,__a~n~":!"J."""n~-~o""'u"!":s==-e::--~q~u~a'"'I""'!!J.'"'!:"!'Y"::"'"":a~s==-s=u=r~a=n:-::c=-=e~s=-=a:-:!:"'e::-r:y::-::-=p~r:-:o:-:g=r~a:-:m::-' which I_ ; The weekly was developed back in 2002 as a result of a Ba exposure incident ~ nval vi n: ~RUC IVINS and the FBI 's anthrax laced letter evidence. ~dvise that since the 2002 incident, all floors have to e moppe weekly with bleach and all of the linens have to be autoclaved prior to leaving USAMRIID for the off site laundry. Co~tract custodians are prohibited from entering anyl ~ and suJ.tes. _ D USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011953Anthrax Page 333 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 10/24/2006 ~--------~1~e followin on October 5, 2006: ~--------~J1n rooms at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infect1~o~u~s~~1~s~e~a-s~e~s~(USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland investi ation was conducted by SA~~------~ b6 BRUCE ED* IVINS, advised that every female FBI Specie:h Agenr (SAl tha\he has encquntered is venr attractive. This includes SAs_ and I._.---:--~---=-....... IVINS believes that the FBI intentionally hires attractive female SAs so that they will be more ~? terviewers of male ~~cts. IVIN~ indicated that thought that SAl L__j1S attract1 ve. .___ ___. IVINS asked sAl lwhat the standard issue weapons of FBI SAs were upon their complet1on of the FBI academy. IVINS indicated that he had just returned from North Carolina where he was visiting his brother. F p.o.:al.-A~il-,2.4,_.1..9A6.,... I IVINS is happy that his laboratory, roomr----1 Builiding ~--~lusAMRIID, now has a keypad on the door controlrrrng access to the lab. IVINS believes that both the keypad and the cameras installed his lab are a good thing, particularly given the fact that there are so many anthrax spores currently stored there. File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA l f.o \ L.{ Date dictated --------------------- NA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf O11954Anthra>< Page 334 of 1446 .. 1 5 I 011955Anthrax Page 335 of 1446 60 3 24UCBAliJ/DK/ CMl. (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTiGATION o Precedence: To: PRIORITY Attn: Date: 10/12/2006 Washington Field , SSAI _ _ _ _ _ _ _...... SSA. ~. . r From: Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: SA Approved By: Drafted By: ::::=======:::::;-__. ~...1 _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ . I Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: (Pending) - I Co \S AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 To report results of investigation. Synopsis: b7C ~ils: Special Agent (SA) L__jexamined available telephonic records in an attempt to identify particular telephone extensions to exact locations at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland. Investigation was hampered by the following technical considerations: -Historical USAMRIID telephone records were maintained in a batch format by year encompassing the period of time between 1997 and 2005 -The location of a particular extension in many instances changed over time. -Some records are accurate and reflect the USAMRIID building number, as well as a particular location (i.e. Room B413); however, in many instances the room location field is blank or was otherwise not recorded. Although available records were in many instances incomplete, a substantial volume of intelligence value was gleaned pertaining to USAMRIID building 1425. A query of available electronic records for "1425" and "USAMRIID" met with 921 results. A thorough examination of the same has definitively identified the twenty-one (21) unique telephone numbers to locations within USAMRIID 1425 germane to the above captioned investigation: USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011956Anthrax Page 336 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 10/12/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ ln~vision Numbers: b7E NUMBER :=;L\)=IC=A=T=I=ON=S===. LJ ...._--~,-.--~ I ~--------~~~~~of ~~--~~~~~~~v~e~r~e~s~u~~~~~--------~-----, the above mentioned numbers in~l--------~ met with ne ative results; whereas/ a query in databa~e for the same is definioively associated as an a1ternate~--~~n-u-mb~e-r~f~o~r Dr. BRU E E. IVINS (279A-WF-222936USAMRIID1 al 1345) . Writer recognizes it is likely other extensions are/were associated with particular rooms within thel lhot suites; however 1 available records do not permit one to definitively associate a particular extension to a particular location other than the above mentioned six (6) numbers. I Numbers: NUM~R:---- I I I ./ I I I I D 0 I I ./ / . ./ ; I I I I I I I / I 2 I USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011957Anthrax Page 337 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/12/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ / b6 I !database for the same met with ;ositive results for ~--~ ~~======~~=:~=~~~as well as ~~--------------r~l was the liste. work tele b7C I ~~------~~~~lmet with negative results; whereas, a query in ~--------~A~g~uery ofL-------~------~----~----------------~~--1 AMR ID, er1a should be noted access investigation was concluded on 12/15/2003; no derogatory information was discovered. ~--~--~--~~~~~~--~--~--~--~~--~~~~~~ was not employed at USAMRIID until after the anthrax-laced letter majljngf of 2001; howe~it relates to thel ____ I I access to room nd the rest of the-t__ jnot schte may warrant further invest1ga ion. Writer will contact the Pittsburgh Division Case Agent and inform the same. Area Numbers: U~I..o.NS ~EAR b6 ?.nl A query 1 I ~et with ne gative results; whereas, a query inl [ l database fo r the same met with positive results fori I (279A-WF,222936-LAB, Ser1al 1076, 279A-WF-222936IUSAMRIID, srrial 1271, as well as a ...._______.ldocument dated l investi " ' I I 3 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011958Anthrax Page 338 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/12/2006 F~d Fiel~ b6 produced no derogatory information pertaining tol lor c==]FVS; furthermore, investigation determined! tlid not access or attempt to access locations at USAMRIID known to contain the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis while stationed at USAMRIID. A printout of the above mentioned'921 electronic records pertaining to USAMRIID building 1425 (242 pages) will be sent to FBIHQ for uploading into the AMERITHRAX Major Case Database. Intelligence value gleaned from examination of available electronic records pertaining to USAMRIID building 1412 will be address under a separate communication . oo 4 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011959Anthrax Page 339 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 10/10/2006 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-2 Contact: SA ~------------~ Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: (Pending) - 1 (., \ ~ AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 To report results of investigation. Special Agent (SA) Synopsis: Details: r l comp 1 et ed an invest i gat ion,___p_e_r_t:-a-J.-:-.n-J.-:-.n-g-t-:-o--:='f-o-rm_e_r---::-::U,....n-:-i-:-t-e"""d:--:::S~t-a-:-t-e_s....~ ~Y Medical Res' arch Institute of Infect ous Diseases (USAMRI+D) employee, Soc' curit Account N r (SSAN) : e investigation preaicated upon o oc tion(s) at USAMRIID to contain the Bacillu - anthracis. \ to raduation a.._----~ ~------' repor e USAMRIID, Detrick, Marylan . assigned to the I If rom I wherec:=Jwa~s:--::-a-rl_ _ _ _ _ _ _..__.....,l ~-____.1 t~l I I was USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011960Anthrax Page 340 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/10/2006 F~ld Fiel~ b7c This is the only time period l l h a d access to the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis prior ~ anthrax-laced letter mailings of 2001. indicated ntered the uites in an the ~----~suite to conduct equipment inve.~~~~? keycard access records do not support~-----L~~ conducted equipment inventories within lkeycard access records indicated occasional '"pifqybackinq": specifically, du~? ~~r~al business hours, into the_ lchanqe rdom onl ~ __ J as well as out of the I Jchange room I On 06/30/1999 I keycard access records indicfted d1 not have sufficient time to enter either th~ _hot su~and abscond with the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis beforel__jnext recorded keycard activity. I I I adviseQ never left the I I hot suite with the Ames strain of t d l u s anthracis or any~ Select Agent, nor did any one ask ~ so. No evidence or allegation(s) were discovered tore utel__jstatement. I I 2 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011961Anthrax Page 341 of 1446 To: Re: Washington. From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/10/2006 F~ld Fiel~ B3/B4 Specific Intelligence: AlthJugh USAMRIID keycard access records did not support! _contention of addit,onaJI lhot suite access pursuant to equipment inventories, lwas knowledgeable of the following: To the best ofc===Jknowledge access to the lhot suites was electronically con~d via a unique Personal Identification Number (PIN). L____Jwas unaware as to the existence of a "generic" code one would use to covertly enter the B3/B4 hot suites. Although "piggybacking" occurred at us~l I never obser:ed anyone ever piggybacking into theL____J hot suite. lnever observed anyone from anot~ision, specifically the Virology Division, within the L____jhot suite. !!indicated I I could not recall observing any additionat-Ierffientors lo~d within thel hot suites aside from the "big one" in the suite. I In ever observed a ? lyophylizer within the hot suite. The onl lyophylizerc==] recalled was in the suites. This lyophylizer was not a large port-style lyophylizer; rather, a small bench top type. Thd loivision's Select AFents were stored in freezers located within the hallways of the lhot suites. Tol !recollection these freezers were locked via a ? combination pjdlock, similar to what one would observe on a gym locker. had no knowledge as to which freezer(s) contained the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis. ' I I since leavin USAMRIID hat::? a regular attendee er had told that believed the Federal Bureau o Investigation (FBI) was listening toc==Jhome and work telephonic conversations. I I Perl ~ prior to 2001 Bruce IvinF. was a jovial guy with a good sense of humor and personality. lnoted that since 2001 and specifically the FBI investigation of the anthrax~ letter mailings of 2001, Ivins's personality has change. L____Jopined the FBI investigation has taken an emotional toll on 3 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011962Anthrax Page 342 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/10/2006 F~ld Fie~ Ivins. Perl !Ivins also stated he believed the FBI was listening to his telephonic home and work conversations. c===Jinteracted with Knowledae of I ~~------------~lon three occasions. I Ito I which was onl IrAf"~ 11 Arl I occas1ons ,I noted on I instance when I I was walking by !division office I I introduced I and spoke about I I book ldesktoo I k I Pertaining to the other two lhad no deroqatorv information to report; however, Iobserved I I rme I saw I I exiting USAMRIIDI I I .--------.11 advised nhad no knowledge of 1 ~---~~~cting at~AMRIID or socially. ~----------------~ A thorough review 2001 residential records pertal~?n~in~~~----~w~a~s~u~n~r~e~m~a~r~k~a~b~l~e~?~----~ b7E ~----------------------------------~ met w1th negat1ve results. Connectivity to New Jersey: b6 stated!! did not travel to New Jersey in 2001. thorough rev1ew of re~ntial telephone records, as well as credit card statements pertaining tollindicate no ctivity to New Jersey, specific~here was no evidence called anyone or anything in New Jersey in?2001, nor was any evidence of interstate travel to New Jersey in 2001. Time line 0 A Investigation and interview d~ned r-lhad no interstate trayel in 2001. specificallyL____Jwork~d resided in I I in 2001. Inasmuch as ~tigation produced no derogatory information pertaining to L____j as well as no evidence or allegation(s) were discovered to suggest! lhad interstate travel, no further investigation 4 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011963Anthrax Page 343 of 1446 I I ! r ' .o To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 10/10/2006 F~ld Fie~ b6 pertaining establishing a more detailed time line for c===Jis warranted. Miscellaneous: Nonproductive Investigation: r----lhas no current wants or warrants nor any identifia~iminal history. r---l A review of available electronic records pertaining to L___jproduced no derogatory information. An ACS database query fori met with negative results. !residential address An ACS database query fori ~ met with positive results; however, no derogatory information was discovered and no reporting was noted aside from what was reported in the above captioned investigation. b7E As previously noted, a query for ~------------------------~~met with negative~r~e~s~u~r~t~s~.------~ No motive was identified through investigation nor interview. Summary: A thorou[hdin~estigation (4 inserts and 6 FD-302s) indicated although has a per~ educational and scientific backgroun , as well asL____Jhad access to the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis while at USAMRIID, no evidence or allegation(s) were discovered to suggestr----lwas involved in, or otherwise had additional knowledge perti~o, the investigation of the anthrax-laced letter mailings of 2001. Unless or until such evipence,or allegation(s) are discovered, no further investigation ofL____Jis warranted . I oo 5 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011964Anthrax Page 344 of 1446 o .I 27 9A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ,._ I \Co -;;L 'i 1 o Agent . . _ l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ The followiny investigation was conducted by Special __.j on 10/25/2006: Off-line NCIC checks were performed on all vehicles owned by BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS for the time frame of 1/1/2000 through 12/31/2002. The searches were performed using the Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN) and license plate tag information for each vehicle. The following tags and VINs were searched: , ? SATURN HONDA HONDA DODGE HONDA On 3/31/2001 at 11:01 p.m., a vehicle bearing tags ~--~~lwas entered into the NCIC computer by the Frederick, Maryland Police Department. ? On 2/9/2001 at 10:34 a.m, a vehicle bearing! was entered into the NCIC computer by the Maryland Sta~t-e------~ Police, Westminster Station. According to CJIS, in order for a nation w1de l1cense plate search to be conducted, a state identifier is not used. For example, if plates in both Maryland and Texas are 123-ABC, the off-line search does not differentiate between the two states and all "hits" of the tag 123-ABC will be returned. This being said, three "hits" were returned from tags consistent with the five tags. listed above. This results are as follows: On 7/12/2002 at 10:03 p.m., a vehicle bearing tags ..______~lwas entered into the NCIC computer by the Lamar County Enhanced 911 Center, telephone number (601) 794-8610. On 7/10/2002 at 7:29p.m., a vehicle bearing tags ..______~lwas entered into the NCIC computer by the Louisiana State Police, telephone number (504) 925-6325. ~----~ ~----~lwas entered into the NCIC computer by the Lamar County Enhanced 911 Center, telephone number (601) 794-8610. On 6/29/2002 at 10:56 p.m., a vehicle be~ring tags USAMRIID Section 5.pdf O11965Anthra>< Page 345 of 1446 UC i 5 011966Anthrax Page 346 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o An www.atxp.com search revealed that there are? vehicles registered in Mississippi (where Lamar County is located) and in Louisiana bearing the identical license plates listed above. Based on this fact and information gathered during the investigation to date, it does not appear that these "hits" were generated by vehicles owned by Ivins. The abovementioned off-line searched are attached to and made part of this document. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011967Anthrax Page 347 of 1446 o 1N01XXTOM DCFBIWAK2 TITLE: 2006000000 ROUTE TO: ADDRESS: EXTENSION : COMMENTS: TYPE: LST LIST: HYP .____. . .fxt o I ~===--. I._____..... I :======;____. I.______. 20000101 000000000 NEED: . UNI END DATE: COUNT: FILE: 20011231 000000 qST TYPE: RANDOM NUMBER BEGIN DATE: FILE SIZE: IMAGE INDICATOR: FIELDS SEARCHED: ORI IS FREDERICK PD 301 694-2100 410 386-3000 ORI IS MD STATE POLICE WESTMINSTER THE DATA PROVIDED IS FROM THE BDAT THROUGH THE FOLLOWING DATE: 12-31-2001 ***END OF REPORT*** REPORT DATE: 10-25-2006 Page 1 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011968Anthrax Page 348 of 1446 o 1N01XXTOM DCFBIWAK2 TITLE: 2006000000 ROUTE TO: ADDRESS: EXTENSION: COMMENTS: TYPE: LST LIST: HYP NEED: 20020101 000000000 .______.I txt o b7C UNI END DATE: COUNT: FILE: 20021231 000000 LIST TYPE: RANDOM NUMBER BEGIN DATE: FILE SIZE: IMAGE: INDICATOR: ORI IS LAMAR COUNTY ENHANCED 911 CENTER 601 794-8610 ORI IS LOUISIANA STATE POLICE 504 925-6325 URI tS LAMAR toONIV ENRANCED 911 CENIER 601 794-8610 THE DATA PROVIDED IS FROM THE BOAT THROUGH THE FOLLOWING DATE: 12-31-2002 ***END OF REPORT*** REPORT DATE: 10-25-2006 Page 1 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011969Anthrax Page 349 of 1446 o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID I l The followin~ Agenti~--------------~Jon October 20, 2006 and November 1, 2006: On October 20, 2006, writer re ested that the Maryland Motor Vehicles Administration (MVA) co uct a records search on and all vehicles owned b BRUCE WARDS IVINS On November 1, 2006, the results of the abovementioned search were received by writer. According to the search results, the following vehicles were owned by the Ivins family during 2001: Year Make Model VIN Date Purchased investigation was conducted by Special J 2001: Honda/ Civic DqMe Van ;; Cns purchased the following vehicles subsequent to ~ Sedan original search results received from MVA are attached to and made part of this document. ~The USAMRIID Section 5.pdf O11970Anthra>< Page 350 of 1446 b? i 5 011971Anthrax Page 351 of 1446 AMERITHRAX 0 fSorFS?, PAGE El2/EI2 ??...: U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation D ln Reply, Please Refer tQ FileNo. 222 936 601 4th Street, NW October 20, 2006 To Whom it May Concern: In relation to a criminal investigation, I am respectfully requesting any and all MVA records associated with the following individuals, including any and all vehicles registered to any of these individuals [urinq 2001. If von could also search tbejr hoje address of_ ) I _that would be appreciated. Name Bruce Ivins SSN 280-44- Any questions r c~n be djrected I to Special Agentl results can be faxed to ~e at Thank you in advance for your help. I Any I Sincere Agent USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011972Anthrax Page 352 of 1446 o o l};;!)'#,l,.1..o 66, , A o o o I o err=======------_____, o ., o o! o 1~--------~------------------------------------~ el o e!~~I--------------------------------------------------------------~ o I el o e! o -~ o 6950856 /~ 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 b7C o oo Motor Vehicle Administration o , AS MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE SliATE OF MARYLAND AND BY VIRTUE OF THE AUTHORITY VESTED IN ME UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE~ MARYLAND VEHICLE LAW, 1 DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE o , FOLLOWING IS A TRUE COPY TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL NOW ON FILE AND PART OF THE ~ OF THIS ADMINSTRATION. 06950856 PAGE 1 I I I BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS .t-152-098-188-310 SUS. REV: NO PRIVACY: YES 150 5-10 2 M 04/22/46 ' -END OF RECORD- I I l I ' ol el I . I I o o o o o o o o o el I e! e! I I ! MARYLAND ~ND FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF INF.ORMATION FROM MVA. RECORDS. VIOLATION OF THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS o AS WITNESS, MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY AND YEAR SET OPPOSITE. - el ., o' el I I OCT 2 3 2006 .I I USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011973Anthrax Page 353 of 1446 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o A oooooo , oooo , oo , ooo License Class AlA .o.....o........Administrative Adjudication A/C ................Air. Conditioning ACC ...............Accident ACCUM o , oooooooooo Accumulate(d) ABEY ...,. , . , .......Abeyance ACT ...............Action/Acted ADM . , , o , o , . , o , , , , .Administration/Administrative AEP oooooooo. , ooooo Alcohol Education Program AFF oooo , , , , , , ooooo. Affirmed AGREE ..o.oo..oooo.Agreement ALCH . , ...... , , ....Alcohol ALT., ..............Altered AOM ...............Age of Majority APP oooooooooo.ooo. Application APPR ooooooooooooooApproved/Approval AIR ................Alcohol Related ATT o.oo...oo.o.ooooAttend AUM ooooooo , oooooo. Accident o Uninsured Motorist Case B ..................License Class BAC ooooooooooooooo Blood Alcohol Level BLDG , .............Building B/S oooooooooooooooo BiackouVSeizure c .................. License Class C , o....oooooooo.o..Corrected License C/FS o , ..... , ..oo.o.ComplainVFalse Statement CANC ..............Cancelled CCU oooooooooooooo. Central Collections Unit COL oo...o.o...oo..Commercial Driver's License CDS ooo.oooooooooo. Controlled Dangerous Substance CERT ..............Certificate CHEM ..............Chemical CIR ................Circuit CLF ................Central License File CLR ...............Clearance CMV ..o.oooooooooooCommercial Motor Vehicle CO oo.ooooooooooooo Company COMB o...........ooCombination COMM .............Committed COMP .oooo...ooooo.Complete(d) CONC ..............Concurrent CONF ..............Conference CONS o.oooooo.ooo.. Consecutive CONT ..............Continued CONTR .............Control CONV ..............Conviction COR ...............Corrected CR ..o.ooooooooooo.Credit CSE .ooo..oooo...ooChild Support Enforcement CT oooooo.oooooo..oo Court D ..................License Class or Days (300) 0?1 ................Duplicate License DEC oo , , .ooo , , , ....Decision DEF ...............Default DEPT ..............Department DEV ...............Device DIP ooooooo...ooooo. Driver Improvement Program DIS ................Displaying DIST ...............District DIV ................Division DL .................Driver License DMV , ooooooooooooo. Motor Vehicle Administration DOC ...............Document DR ooooooooooooooo. Drive/Driving/Driver D/R ................Driver Records DRC ooo..oooooooooo Driver Rehabilitation Clinic DT o.ooo...ooo...... Date DTO ...............Dealer Tags Only DUP ...............Duplicate E ..................License Class EO ................Express Content EDUC ...... , ....... Education EFF ................Effective ELEC ..............Electric EMP oooooooooo.ooo. Employee, Employment ENT ...............Entry EQUIP ...o..o.o.oo. Equipment EX .................Expired, Expiration EXC ...............Exceeding EXD ...............Excluded Driver Case EXP ...............Explosives FA .................Fatal Accident FAIL .oo.ooooooo.... Failing/Failure/Failed FC ooooooooooooooooo Full Credit Fl .................Fictitious FIN RESP o.oooooooooFinancial Responsibility FPF ................Fail to pay fine F/R ooooooooooo.oooo Financial Responsibility FR#( ) oo , oooo. , ooooo Financial Responsibility Case (Ace. Date) FRAUD ooooooooooooo Fraudulent FREQ ..............Frequency FT o , ...............Feel/Failed Test FTA ................Failure to Appear FTY ................Failure to Yield H oooooo.ooooo , ooooo Hearing (Hearing Officer's Initials) HAZ ...............Hazard o DRIVER RECORD ABBREVIATION CODES HEAR ..............Hearing HFA ...o.o..o.. , ooo Hearing o Failed to Appear HGT ...............Height HME .oooooo....ooo.Hazmat Endorsement HW ................Hearing Waived HWY ...............Highway IC .................Implied Consent lCD .o.o..oooooooooo Insurance Compliance Division 10 ooo.ooooooo..oooo Identification IMP .oooooooooooooooo Improper/Improvement INC ooooo.ooooo.o.o .Increase IND ................Indefinite INF ................Influence INFO o.ooooooooo.oo. Information INJ oooooo.o..oo... .Injury/Injuring/Injurious INS oooooooooooooooo Insurance INSPECT oooooo.. , oo Inspection INSTALL oooooooooooo Installment INSTR oooooooooooooo Instructions INTER ..............Interest INTERLOCK ooooooooo Ignition Interlock Device INTOX o.ooooo...ooooIntoxicated/Intoxicating INVEST ooooo....ooo Investigation ISS ................Issued IVP ooooooo : o , ooo.o .Insurance Verification Program Case J ..................MVA Judgement Case JUDG ..............Judgement K ...................Moped Permit LET oooooooooooooooo Letter LIC ...o...........oLicense LIQ ................Liquor LO ....ooo.....oooo.Violation of Local Ordinance M .................License eras~ or Months MAB ooooo.o.o......Medical Advisory Board MAG ...............Magistrate MAIF ooooooooooooooo Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund ' M/C ................Motorcycle MAX ...............Maximum MD ................Maryland MFG ..o.....o. , ..o. Manufacturer MISREP oooooooo.ooo Misrepresentation MO ..ooo....o.....o Motorcycle/Motorscooter MODI ..............Modified MPH ...............Miles Per Hour MSP ooooo..o...o.o. Maryland State Police MTR ...............Motor MUT ...............Mutilated MV ................Motor Vehicle (MV) .....o.......o.Moving Violation MVA ooooooooo..ooooMotor Vehicle Administration NC ................Nolo Contendere NEGL ..............Negligent NRS o..ooooo..oooooNon-Resident Student OBT ...............Obtain 0/C ................Out?of?Country OP ................Operating OPR ...............Operator ORG ...............Original 0/S ................Oul?of?Siate PSYS ..............Point System PAR ...............Parent PASS ..............Passenger PAY ................Payment PBJ .oooooo.oooooooo Probation Before Judgement PED ...... , . , ...... Pedestrian PEND ..............Pending PER .ooooooooo.oooo Permit PERS ..............Person PO ................Property Damage PI .................Personal Injury POS ..ooooooo.o.ooo Possession, Possess PRIV ...............Privilege PROB oooooooooooooo Probated or Probation PROH ..............Prohibited PROP ..............Property PT .................Passed Test PUR ooooooooooooooo Purpose PWV ooooooooooooo , .Probation Without (or before) Verdict R ..................Refused or Renewal License RA ......ooo..o..o. Resinstatement Application RE ..... , .......... Reissued REC ooo..oooooooooo Record RECD ..............Received RECIP o...oooo.o.o. Reciprocity REF ...............Refused or Refusal RE?EXAM ...ooooo.o. Re-Examination REG ooooooooooooooo Registration, Register, or Regulations REIN .oooooooo , ooo , .Reinstatement REHEAR oooooo.oooo Rehearing REL .oooooooooooo , .Relative, Related REM ooooooooooooooo Remand, Remanded REO ..oooooo , oooooo Requirement, Require RES ooooo.ooooo.oooResident o Io I i !e I RESC ..............Rescinded RESCH ooo...ooooooo Rescheduled RESP oooooooo.ooo.o Responsibility RESTR oooooo.oooo.. Restricted or Restrictions RET ...............Return RETRO .oooooo.ooooo Retroactive REV ooooooooooooooo Revoked or Revocation Rl .................Reinstated ROW o....oo , oooooo. Right of Way RP oooooooooooooooo Reprimand RPA ooo..oooooooooo Refused or Revoked Pending Appearance RR ooooo.o.oo...oo. Railroad or Restriction Removed RIR oooooooooooooooo Review & Reinstatement RS oooo..oooo.ooooo Random Selection RTT ooooo.oooooooooo Brake Reaction Time Test S ..................Substitute License SAT oooooooooooooooo Satisfied SCH ............... Scheduled SER .......... ., o , .Serial SIGN ............... Signed SNL ooooo.oooooooooSigned Statement o No License in Possession SPA ....ooo....ooo..Suspendod Pending Appearance SPEC .............. Special SS .o...ooo....oo...Sentence Suspended ST .................Student STAT o..oo..o..ooo..Statement SUB ...............Substitute SUBST .............Substance SUR ...............Surrender SUS ooooooooooooooo Suspended or Suspension SW oooo..ooooo.oooo Suspension Withdrawn SYS ...............System T ..................License Type TEMP ..............Temporary TP . , .oo.....oo....oTest Place TRAF ooooooooooooooTraffic TRANS oooo..ooo..ooTransportation or Transporting TRK .ooo.o..oooooooTruck TUN ...............Tunnel TV .................Television TY ooooooooooooooooo Regular or Photo License UL .oo..oooo...oo... Unable to Locate (Investigation) UMC oooooooo.oo.... Uninsured Motorist Complaint Case UN oooooooooo.ooooo Under UNATT o.ooo. , ooo.oo Unattended UNAUTH ...o..ooo.. Unauthorized UN INS ooooooooooooo Uninsured UNLIC o..ooooo.oooo. Unlicensed US oooo.o.ooooooooo United States VEH ...............Vehicle VER ooooo , .ooooo , oo Verdict VERIF , , ooo..o , .o , o.Verification VIN o..o............Vehicle Identification Number VIO ooooooo.ooooooooViolation, Violate WARN ooo.o...o..oooWarning WARR .oooo...oo..ooWarrant WON ...............Withdrawn WGT ooooooo.oooooooWeight WL ................Warning Letter W/0 ...............Without X ..................Involved in an Accident YDIP ...ooo.o.o.....Youth Driver Improvement Program YLCP ...o.oo..ooo..Youth License Control Program YR oooooooooooooooo Year & ..................And o oooooooooooooooooo Points Expired I ..................Or Driver License Restriction Codes (as they appear on back of driver licenses) 1. Glasses or contact lenses 2. Outside rear view mirror 3. Valid In the State of Maryland only 4. Automatic Transmission 5. Directional signals 6. Daylight driving only 7. Umited to certain vehicles only 8. Other o See special restriction card 9. Alcohol COL Endorsement Codes X o N and H combined S o School Bus Authorized T o Doublonriplos TPXS ?All COL Endorsements P o Passenger Transport N ?Tank vehicle H o Hazardous materials Restriction Codes B o Corrective lenses C o Special brakes, hand controls/other (see restriction card) 0 o Prosthetic aid E ?Automatic transmission F o Outside mirror G o Limited to daylight only H ?Limited (sea restriction card) o le !o I I I le I lo :e I Io l :. ! " 'o I ' 'o Io ! !o I I !e le !o I l I o Umlted (See restriction card) J o Other (See restriction card) K o COL loslrastata only L o Vehicles without alrbrakes M o Except class A bus N o Except class A & B bus 0 . Ex~ept tractor trailer Z .. Organ Donor, Hearing/Speech Impaired 'o o o o DR?060 (10?05} USAMRIID Section 5.pdf !e 011974Anthrax Page 354 of 1446 oo BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS TR DATE: TR NUMBER: TR TYPE: TITLE: CTL NO: CL/TAG: 09/~3/02 T~ Maryland M.V.A. Title/Reg Receipt Total Tax ~. 2 %- Allowed Net Tax Title Fe~ llransfer Admin Mise Registration Surcharge MVA oo STKR: MULTI?: ~ST LIEN: D 00 VIN: 3~1S'b/6~ Total Fees Amount CG~ 'OCH 4:1.\ltttJ USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011975Anthrax Page 355 of 1446 Saturn of Frederick Member of the King Automotive Group o I' o. .. . .. oo . o5903 Urbana Pike P. 0. Box618 Frederick, 'MD 21701-o618 (301) 663-1300 FAX: (301) 6~-4065 51\TlRN Motor Vehicle Administration. Vehicle Regzstrations Department 6601 Ritchie Highway Glen Burnie, Maryl~nd 21062 VIN:~J------------------------~ The fOllowing items have been ~ltered: -----Certificate of Origin ------~-~itle Application (VRS) -----.?Odometer Statement ., . --------De~ler ' .? ==\='= Oth~r Comments: -rri-le.? Reassignment j oo SJ <S-A1T77Jf ES C'o-S-e Od \ .'/ ,.J flvs ?.&"'"'-~ IU!<.r:::i:MI1 i () '&~6'. ofr.J ':!::::Ee_; .- .. -~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~?~?~~~1~.~,~~~~~~~~--~? ~ ?.# :? .. . ~ -:--------=------------------------ ?_. ; \ .. . -------------------------------??? ,. 1 ~ ~ ?. Sincyely,? ......a..._.,..._ ------:--------11 o ?:...??? ... . -.~... ?. _:'? .. :..o. :':- : : ?~? . .?-:.' .. ? ...? 1 .. ~~< .? - ?~~-: ?.. ? .. ' . . .. ?:~?? .. : :. . it~ .. _,: .. . .. .. ....~?-?: ': . .? .. ? ... ., . ~? ....... .:: ~~/~;;;?i~~i~ ~::: ~? :; "{ .:. . .: ;.? ~t~;~-r .-.-~:;:,~,::. :fr??:-=- ?. ? (:: .. .. o 1~.'t.i?\~.t ~ ~.,a .. ~J. . .? : . .. . ...:.. .~. . ': . . .. ... ?.?~: ~?; ~:.~?r?~ > ': . ~}~;.::::~~ii-t:,:. : ?. -~-: ,:~ ..... .. . . .... .... ?.. ~ . .:t;? '!-::' .. '"'"!. o .. ... . .. t :-., ... . ?. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011976Anthrax Page 356 of 1446 AMERITHRAX o PAGE 02/02 b7C ln Rc:ply, Please RcfCT tQ File No. 222936 o " . U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation 601 4th Street, NW October 20, 2006 To Whom it May Concern: In relation to a criminal investigation, I am respectfully requesting any and all MVA records associated with the following individuals, including any and all vehicles ? registered to any of these individuals durin: 200~. If vou could also search their ho,e address ofJ ~ _ _that would b app ecla ed. I ~-------------------------- Name Bruce Ivi Any questions can be :irecied to Special Agentl I atl Than Any results can be faxed to me at you in advance for your help. I ~ Sincere J:Jf5.5/btf :2 P()l f~Sb USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011977Anthrax I Page 357 of 1446 el o' -.I I , I I - /~ 66, , A I Y.::!J'Irl, ~~ 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 o o 6950857 Motor Vehicle Administration AS MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE STATE Or MARYLAND AND BY VIRTUE OF .,. THE AUTHORITY VESTED IN ME UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE, MARYLAND VEHICLE LAW, I DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE I FOLLOWING IS A TRUE COPY TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL NOW ON FILE AND PART OF THE o 1 RECORDS OF THIS AOMINSTRATION. PAGE 1 06950857 1 I el I I o o o o o I I ., el I I PRIVACY: YES 5-10 150 2 I-152-098-188-310 SUS. REV: NO o , BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS 1~----------------------------------------------~ M I 04/22/46 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o e!I el -END OF RECORD- o' el e! I I I I ., el el el I I I I I I oI el I I MARYLAND AND FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION FROM MVA RECORDS o VIOLATION OF THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS. AS WITNESS, MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY ANO YEAR SET OPPOSITE. OCT 2 3 2006 oI _e! I I ~ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011978Anthrax Page 358 of 1446 ALL I!iiFOPHATIOiil cmiTAINED AMERITHRAX o 61s~rr.st:F PAGE 02/82 U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation ln Reply, Please Refer tQ File No. 2 2 2 9 3 6 601 4th Street, NW october 2o, 2oo6 To Whom it May Concern: In relation to, a criminal investigation, I am respectfully requesting any and all MVA records associated with the following individuals, including any and all vehicles registered to any of these individuals ~ud oq 200~. If vop could also search their home address ofL ~ _ ! that would be~~ap=p~r~e~c~l~a~e~a-.----~ ~------------------------~ I Name Bruce Iyins SSN 280-44-5449 g~; 221194 6 _ I.-/S?-tJ.t?R-/I<f'..3ftJ rAny 1 questions ca~ be directJd to Special Agent~ I at I - Any results can b~to me at I. Thank you in advance for your help. Sincere Agent USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011979Anthrax AL ~ i1oJFOP1!1!..TIm~ CONTAIMED Page 359 of 1446 ! 1HEohr !DATl"j .~ o' o! I I ' .I ~'lrlIT~~ Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 Motor Vehicle Administration 06950858 /~ 66II A 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. o o 6950858 ., el I AS I MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND AND BY VIRTUE OF THE AUTHORITY VESTED IN ME UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE~ MARYLAND VEHICLE LAW, I DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE FOLLOWING IS A TRUE COPY TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL NOW ON FILE AND A PART OF THE RECORDS OF THIS ADMINSTRATION. I I APPLICATION FOR ORIGINAL DRIVERS LICENSE -APPLICATION FOR RENEWAL DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR CORRECTED DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR DUPLICATE DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR MOPED LICENSE APPLICATION FOR IDENTIFICATION CARD VEHICLE TITLE NUMBER VEHICLE REGISTRATION TAG NUMBER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER CORRESPONDENCE X oI oI elI . I I el ( I ., ol o'I e! I DATED: o o o o o o o o o o o o o ol' OUR RECORDS FAIL TO REFLECT ANY INFORMATION FOR: e!I e! ! (X) OTHER: NO RECORD Of TITLE OR REGISTRATION INFORMATION o o o o o o o I I oI I - el el I LAW I MARYLAND RAND FFEDERAL ATI 0 NPROHIBITS DI S CL0 S U E 0 . IN f' 0-R'ftl F R0 M M VA UNAUTHORIZED REC0 RDS VIOLATION OF THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS. AS WITNESS, MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY AND YEAR SET OPPOSITE. UCT "2 3 2006 o' o' I ! --------------------------? USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011980Anthrax Page 360 of 1446 AMERITHRAX o 6 f'sf;tT5")? PAGE 02/02 U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation D b6 ln Reply, Please Refer to File No. 2 2 2 9 3 6 601 4th Street, NW October 20, 2006 To Whom it May Concern: In relation to a criminal investigation, I am respectfully requesting any and all MVA records associated with the following individuals, including any and all vehicles registered to any of these individuals during 2001. If yo~ could also search their.home address o?1 J that would be-~a~p~p-r~e~c~l~a~t-e~a-.----~ I I BrPce r,rins An~ gy~?tion~ ~an lat I -:. T an :e :irectedAny Special Agentl to I results can be faxed to me at you in advance for your help. I USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011981Anthrax Page 361 of 1446 /~ ~6, , A 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. li;!flrl, .1..- Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 -.I' Motor Vehicle Administration e! o o 6950859 el I o o o . I 06950859 el ' AS MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND AND BY VIRTUE OF o o' el o' el I ! VEHICLE LAW, FOLLOWING IS I THE AUTHORITY VESTED IN ~E UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE, MARYLAND I DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE A TRUE COPY TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL NOW ON FILE AND A PART OF THE RECORDS OF THIS ADMINSTRATION~ I . APPLICATION FOR ORIGINAL DRIVERS LICENSE ) I I APPLICATION FOR RENEWAL DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR CORRECTED DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR DUPLICATE DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR MOPED LICENSE e!I . el I ) APPLICATION FOR IDENTIFICATION CARD VEHICLE TITLE NUMBER VEHICLE REGISTRATION TAG NUMBER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER CORRESPONDENCE DATED: elI oooI e! ' i? ( < < x OUR RECORDS FAIL TO REFLECT ANY INFORMATION FOR: el ! ! < el x ) OTHER: NO RECORD OF TITLE OR REGISTRATION INFORMATION el I I I el el I el elI ,. - el I I MARYLAND AND FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION FROM MVA RECORDS VIOLATION OF THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A fiNE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS. AS WITNESS, MY HAND ANO THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY AND YEAR SET OPPOSITE. OCT 2 3 2006 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o? o o o --------------------------? USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011982Anthrax Page 362 of 1446 AMERITHRAX o . 0?StJrP~ PAGE B2/B2 U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation D ln Reply, Please Rcft;T tQ FileNo. 222936 601 4th Street, NW October 20, 2006 To Whom it May Concern: In relation to a criminal investigation, I am respectfully requesting any and all MVA records associated with the following individuals, including any and all vehicles registered to any of these individuals during 2001. If you could also sea:ch tbejr address ofl I _that would be appreciated. I _ ho,e Name Bruce Ivins SSN 280-44-5449 g~~22/1946- I.-IS?-CJIJR-I!<f'.. JftJ Any questiops c~n be directed to Special Agentl I at_ J Any results can be faxed to me at ~--------------~ Thank you in advance for your help. j:f 5.5/tJ 61)5 ~ )-fief/S);Jj' 3 ~~() cJtlt:Pcf' USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011983Anthrax Page 363 of 1446 ~~.------------------------~------------~------------------------~-------1 A.lTJ>JFOP,'I?rATION ,_.._, o., "'"'"?""'?"'"' HER.E1HJ o D., 6Q324TJ(~BA1!: ,.,,,,.,,-....,., I /~ ~6I I A el l.}r:::!/1,1, ~~ 1 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 Motor Vehicle Administration o 6950860 b6 AS MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND AND BY VIRTUE OF AUTHORITY VESTED IN ME UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE, MARYLAND VEHICLE LAW, I DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE o FOLLOWING IS A TRUE COPY TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL NOW ON FILE AND PART OF THE ~RECORDS OF THIS ADMINSTRATION. 06950860 PAGE 1 ~~ I THE I en------~--------------------------------------------------~ e! I ! I e! el I oII..... . el -END Of RECORD- I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ., el ' I I I I - o' o' el o' o' o' o' o' e! I I I l o o o o o o o o I I I I MARYLAND AND FE6ER~~ LAW PROHIBITS UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE Of INFORMATION FROM MVA RECORDS. VIOLATION OF THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS. AS WITNESS, MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY AND YEAR SET OPPOSITE. OCT 2 3 2006 DR-060 (10?05) I I ---------------------------------------------------------~--------------------_j USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011984Anthrax Page 364 of 1446 AMERITHRAX ?:..: o foJStkfJ6/ PAGE 02/02 b6 U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation D ln Reply, Please Refer tQ FileNo. 222936 601 4th Street, NW October 20, 2006 To Whom it May Concern: In relation to a criminal investigation, I am respectfully requesting any?and all MVA records associated with the following individuals, including any and all vehicles registered to any of these individuals during 2001. If you cop] d a] sa sea:cb their bale address of 1.....__ _---r--:----:~------' ~ _that would be appreciated. Name Bruce Ivins SSN 280-44-5449 I I I Any questions can be directed to Special Agentl I I Any results can be faxed to me at Thank you in advance for your help. Sincere fo 83<fcJ6tf.}S' ;J..f:i I 53;2-.J.,_- 3 f So a <flbit.fl- USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011985Anthrax ' A!.k._jniiFOl:U.rATIm~ Hii!:!DJ IS' "'"'.,. ,,.,.,."? DAt:Jq .L~-.L;:.--~~-H-":J Page 365 of 1446 .1~ ~6/11 A 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. l:f.:::::llrlIT~~ Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 -.I Motor Vehicle Administration .: ' ! o o 6950861 I .. 1 o. o LAW, I DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE o~ f 0 LLOWING IS A TRUE COPY TAKEN ... F R.O M THE 0 RIG INA L NOW ON fiLE AND PART 0 f THE RECORDS OF THIS ADMINSTRATION o I 06950861 PAGE 1 ! VEHICLE ~~EM~0~~o~i~~C~~S~~~I~~S~~A~~~E~O~H~H~R~~~;~R~~T~~~V~~~~C~~~ ~~R~~:~~E OF I I el I I I~--~------------------------------------------------~~ ~ o o o o o o o o o o el I o el ' ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~ -END Of RECORD- o' o' el o' o' o' I I I I o o I I I o o o o el I el I el o o o o - .: el I MARYLAND AND FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS DISCLOSURE .OF. INFORMATION FROM MVA I UNAUTHORIZED RECORDS. VIOLATION OF THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR I PUNISHABLE BY A FINE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS. I I AS WITNESS, MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY AND YEAR SET OPPOSITE. OCT 2 3 2006 ---------------------o USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011986Anthrax Page 366 of 1446 ? ALL DJFORM:ATIOIoJ CONTAINED AMERITHRAX o Street, NW PAGE El2/02 ln Rt:ply, Please Refer to File No. 2 2 2 9 3 6 - ~ U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation D 601~4th I. L.....::oo:-c~t~o'""b_e_r~2r;"";ol;"",--,2r;-;o~o~6 To Whom it May Concern: In relation to a criminal investigation, I am respectfully requesting any and all MVA records associated with the following individuals, including any and all vehicles registered to any of these individuals during 2001. If you could also sea:cb their hare address? of I I _that would be appreciated. I _ ~ I I Any questions lat I c~n be directed to Special Agent I Any results can be faxed to me at Thank you in advance for your help. :# 33J>~ 6~;25 )f'.J/ S3;;3 J ~so tJ dl'~R ~ USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011987Anthrax Page 367 of 1446 "\\'! oo. e: I I el !' 1 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. ~'1,1, ~~ Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 /~? 66, , A o o 6950862 Motor Vehicle Administration o ' AS MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE STATE Of MARYLAND AND BY VIRTUE OF I THE AUTHDRITY VESTED IN ME UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE, MARYLAND I VEHICLE LAW, I DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE . fOLLOWING IS A TRUE COPY TAKEN fROM THE ORIGINAL NOW ON fiLE AND PART Of THE RECORDS Of THIS ADMINSTRATION. GRATIS 06950862 PAGE 1 I ?~---------------------------------------------1, o I 1 o o o o o o' o' o' el I I I I I el I I ' -END OF RECORD- o' el e! I I I o o o el o o o o o I t -oI o' o' o' el I I I I o o o o o' e! I I I MARYLAND AND FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF~INFORMATION FROM MVA RECORDS. VIOLATION Of THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS. AS WITNESS, MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY AND YEAR SET OPPOSITE. OCT 2 3 2006 DR-060 (10?05) ~~ USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011988Anthrax Page 368 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Attn: Attn: Date: 11/06/2006 WMD Directorate Laboratory Washington Field i~~~ SSA~ ADIC Joseph PersJ.di.:Ln.:L, Jr. A/SAC I I CDC SSA SSA SSA SPI SSA SSA I From: Washington Field Amerithrax-21 Contact: SA Zl Approved By: V( r s 9.__~ Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID (Pending)/- / (o 279A-WF-222936-SCI34 (Pending)_ Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184; OO:WF Synopsis: Law Enforcement Operations Order concerning search of U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, commencing on 11/10/2006. Reference: 1) 09/19/2006 meeting between Amerithrax, CBSU, WFO ERT, WFO HMRT, and HMRU personnel at the FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA. 2) 11/02/2006 meeting between Amerithrax and HMRU personnel at the FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA. Enclosure(s): b7F 1) One lase iiagram of thel !containment suites within Building required for search titled, USAMRIID, 2) One page list of items "HMRU Item List." USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011989Anthrax Page 369 of 1446 ' '. To: Re: . WMD D1rectorate From: Was h' 1ngton F1e 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/06/2006 . e lde b7F Details: On 11/10/2006, the Washington Field Office (WFO) AMERITHRAX Task Force, with the assistance from the Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU) and the WFO Hazardous Materials R nse Team (HMRT) , will conduct a search of Bio-Safety Level 3 laboratory s~? at USAMRIID. Thel I s1ites are in building and are designated suites I The purpose of the searc 1s to collect 1) non-anthracis species of Bacillus isolates currently located inc==J ~iquots from samples of Renocal/Hypaque located in rooml___jof thec=Jsuite, and 3) general evidence to include notes, envelopes, paper envelope bands, tape, items with pieces of tape, and documents that may be evidence of involvement in the anthrax mailings. It is anticipated that this search will be conducted pursuant to consent. Consent rill be requested from I I USAMRIID. _ _on Thursday November 9, 2006. In the event that consen 1sen1ed, the search will proceed under the authority of a previously obtained search warrant issued in the District of Columbia. Application for the warrant will be presented to the U.S. District Court, Washington D.C. on November 7, 2006. All search personnel will be advised of the authority (consent or warrant) by which the search is to proceed. Background tl: :ea:ch Bacillus subtilis The anthrax spore powder recovered from the anthrax evvelopes addressed to the New York Post and Tom Brokaw contains low levels of a bacterial contaminant identified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis. The Bacillus subtilis contaminant has not been detected in the anthrax spore powder recovered from the envelopes mailed to either Senators Leahy or Daschle. Bacillus subtilis is a non-pathogenic bacterium found ubiquitously in the environment. However, genomic DNA sequencing of the specific isolate of Bacillus subtilis discovered within the New York Post and Tom Brokaw anthrax powders reveals that it is genetically distinct from over seventy (70) isolates of Bacillus subtilis tested to date. Analysis of the Bacillus subtilis from the New York Post and Tom Brokaw envelopes revealed that these two isolates are identical. RMR-1029 USAMRIID is a military research institute located on the base of Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. Prior to the anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001, USAMRIID was one of sixteen (16) U.S. laboratories which possessed the Ames strain of Ba which was used in the attacks. Genetic analyses conducted by the AMERITHRAX investigation, with the assistance of several contract 2 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011990Anthrax Page 370 of 1446 '" .'. To: Re: WMD D1rectorate From: Was h' 1ngton F' 1e 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/06/2006 . e lde F laboratories as well as the FBI Laboratory, has led investigators to conclude that the Bacillus anthracis used in the anthrax letter attacks is directly related to Reference Material Receipt1029 (RMR-1029) . RMR-1029 was a large Bacillus anthracis Ames strain spore batch produced to conduct numerous anthrax aerosol challenges. RMR-1029 was produced in 1997 by scientists in the Bacteriology Division at USAMRIID and was stored in the containment suite within Building of USAMRIID. c===J c:J Investigation has determined that research strains of Bacillus subtilis, that have not yet been compared to the Bacillus subtilis isolated from the New York and Tom Brokaw anthrax powdersl are located in thel _containment suites within Building_ I USAMRIID. In A:ril of 2005, a notebook labeled 11 Cultures Frozen in I _ JBruce Ivins 11 was provided to the FBI. The book is an 1nventory o the organisms in the storage boxes within a -70?C freezer located in the hallway of th~suite. Many Bacillus species, to include Bacillus subt~~ are listed within the book. All of the samples of non-anthracis Bacillus located within these storage boxes will be seized. These samples will then be packaged and transported to the National Bioforensic Analysis Center (NBFAC) where they will be analyzed. Jost Oneration Execution b7E 3 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011991Anthrax Page 371 of 1446 To: Re: WMD Directoral From: Washington Field. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/06/2006 Search Assignments 1) Outside I !containment Suites: WFO On-Scene Commander? WFO Deputy On-Scene Commander; SSA~~--------------------------------~ WFO~~----~~T~e~a~m~M~e~rnb~e~r~:~--------------------~ SA~~------------------------------------~ WFO~~~--------~IT~e~a~m~M~e~mb~e~r_:~------------~ SA .... HMRU Team Leader? HMRJJ I --------------------------------' Scjeptjst? SSA~~----------------------------------~ 1..--W-FO-S~A I ~--_--s_e_a_r_c~h~-o~f---~7~0~?C~~f-r_e_e_z_e_r----------~ ....-------,! - search of remaining lab rooms within I ~W-F_O S~Alearch Team Members? __ ~--~ - assist with search of -70?C freezer, photograph J oc (sl CBSU ssAI WFO SAl WFO SAl - Sil.liilliililiilt - m1rror search ofr ::;: :.:o.o:cll :' -20?~ to:.:.::, r1ve o I eJ.!:ldence log (s) I compu er wi inl - assist with mirror ha~ve of computer w i t h i n D assist with search of 3) Surveillance Team: ~~~v~~JIJ ance Team Leader? Survei,~ance WFO SAr--------------------------------------~ WFO SA ! - WFO SOG Point of Contact Team Members; 5 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011992Anthrax Page 372 of 1446 To: Re: WMD From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/06/2006 Directora~ Field~ Communications Radio Communications: Radio channels ~--~lhave been reserved for the purpose of this search. b6 F Stationary phone lines: A hardline ph~n~ ~xi~~~ in the hallway of ther--lcontainment suite. Once inside lsearch Team Me~ Special Agentl lwill provide the phone extension to the On Scene Commander and the Surveillance Team Leader who will distribute the number to the appropriate personnel. Medical Resources The nearest medical facility is Frederick Memorial Hospital, 400 West 7th Street, Frederick, MD, 21701, phone (240) 566-3300. Directions to Frederick Memorial Hospital: From USAMRIID's front gate, go straight out the main USAMRIID gate, drive away (southeast) on 7th Street. Go under Route 15 Overpass. Frederick Memorial Hospital is on the right. In the event of an emergency in thel lsuite, to include exposures, USAMRIID's SpecjaJ ImmuJizations Program duty nurse should be contacted at is a medical contact for extreme medical emergenc~es ~ns~de the containment areas I I I _I I b7C FBI Deadly Force Policy (eff. 7/1/2004 as stated in an EC written byl !dated on 7/7/2004): Law enforcement officers of the Department of Justice may use deadly force only when necessary, that is, when the officer has a reasonable belief that the subject of such force poses an imminent danger of death or serious physical injury to the officer or to another person. 6 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011993Anthrax Page 373 of 1446 ... To: Re: WMD Directoral From: Washington Field. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 11/06/2006 LEAD (s) : Set Lead 1: (Info) WMD DIRECTORATE AT WASHINGTON D.C. For information. Set Lead 2: (Action) LABORATORY AT HMRU, QUANTICO, VA AMERITHRAX requests that HMRU provide personnel and materials necessary to conduct a hazardous material search at USAMRIID. Set Lead 3: (Action) LABORATORY AT CBSU, QUANTICO, VA AMERITHRAX requests that CBSU provide personnel and materials necessary to conduct a hazardous material search at USAMRIID. Set Lead 4: (Action) WASHINGTON FIELD AT HMRT, WASHINGTON, D.C. AMERITHRAX requests that WF0 1 HMRT provide personnel and materials necessary to conduct a hazardous material search at USAMRIID. Set Lead 5: (Info) WASHINGTON FIELD 7 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011994Anthrax Page 374 of 1446 To: Re: WMD Directoral From: Washington Field. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/06/2006 AT WASHINGTON, D.C. oo For information . 8 USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011995Anthrax Page 375 of 1446 o HMRU Item List Orange Suitcase Large Cooler Digital Cameras (preferably the ones that like AA batteries) Underwater Camera Housings Memory Sticks Purple Nitriles (3 each M, L, and XL) Ziploc-type bags (for cryovials to cryoboxes) Biohazard bags for trash ICHEMjars Disposable pipets Sample Kit Duct tape Hype wipes Decon Buckets Bleach Pre-mixing Bleach spray bottles Lab Mat Paper Towels Multi-Rae Ludlum WFO Supplies and Paperwork: o Non-disclosures FD-597s Admin paperwork HazMat Camera, housing, memory sticks, batteries, etc... HazMat Computer Rite -n- Rain DuraLabels Rite -n- Rain Graph paper (for extra notes) Rite -n- Rain Evidence Logs Rite -n- Rain Photo Logs dr=:-------. Clip boards Evidence Photo Scales Sharpies (Fine and Large tipped) Evidence Tape Stapler Batteries (AAs) Dry Ice (USAMRIID) USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011996Anthrax Page 376 of 1446 HE:REII~ ~a::::; UI1CLA;::siF:E:1 _ . o. o o0J24UL.BAT.,J/DR/ CMVJ (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 12/ 0 4/2 0 0 6 On 12/01/2006. llo!as lntet:ltj ewed a place of employment, I _the U.S. ARMY ~AL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, (USAMRIID), L____jPorter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland. After being advised of the identities of the interviewing agents,! !voluntarily provided the following information: I tO works in, ~--------------------~ I ~--::--_.I has used a 1 yophi 1 i z er on ~=:...::..;--_.::.;~:.:a.:.:..=.::."*i while employed at USAMRIID to dry purified~-~~~~--, lyophilizer I uses has always e 0 f bn j 1 : ingl lis a FS..:; :U;.;:;i;. ,:; t:. ; ;e; . . .,; 0;:;,.=. .____,~~~~=--~~1"':::"!"'!"!:"':::-:::'--.J I ! laboratories used by lVlSl~o~n~~~~~ There is no antbrax work in suite however, I Jwork is performed there. ~--------........ ? n Everyone entering suitec==Jwalks passed the lyophilizer. Prior to the events of 09/11/2001, there was a second entrance located at the opposite end of the c:J hallway (re~e to the current entrance), that provided access into thel___jsuite. Sometime after 09/11/2001, that entrance was locked for security purposes. A partial schematic of building I I was provide'd to L I who noted the location of the ~ilizer on the schematic. denoted that the 1 o hilizer was located Division. 12/01/2006 Investigation on at Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRII~D~-~,~~~0~~~------------~1~2~/~0~4~/~20~0~6~-----File # by ,_~~~~~~~~~~--------------?-LI_______________________________________ .___. . f38o2. wpd . It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; -;o;:;;-~------------------------.&ol/'-,.------ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011997Anthrax Page 377 of 1446 .;:;. o.FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o _ _J.._ _ _ _ _ _.....__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 279A-WF-222936 On Continuation ofFD-302 of 12/01/2 0 0 6 , Page --=2__ !believes BRUCE IVINS is responsible for the lyophilizer, s1nce i~on IVINS's hand receipt, but does not believe IVINS showed how to use it. There are instructions ~ed on the lyophi 1zer and I !believes IVINS' referred L__Jto the instructions. I I L-~-~~~shown printouts of e-mails datedl ? equesting IVINS to show c:::Jl1ow to use the was familiar with the e-mails, but was not sure that IVINS showedc::Jhow to use the lyophilizer, stating that the. lyophilizer was easy to use (user friendly) and the instructions posted on the lyophilzer were good. I I The first time I lused the lyo:hilizerrl had difficulties after the defrost cycle. I ppened~e door to the cold trap and the water inside (condensa e from the lyophilized samples) spilled out. I !stated that t~acuum pump oil for the lyophilizer had not been changed sinceL__J I I According tol I the 1 o hilizer is rarel used (maybe once every two mont~s) . the lyophilizer isL j(writer believes to be I Jf who uses 1~?t~t~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the lyophilizer, although, would occasionally put a note on the l~ophilizer prior to use. IVINS sometimes made comments aboutl _ luse of ttlyophilizer, so, oftentimes would te 1 IVINS before used the lyaphi~izer. preparations took the lyop ilizer I )to comp e e, u~~~ wanted to be sure the preparations were completely dry so would add I Ito assure complete dryness. r_ bnd~?----~~ I I I The cloth was to ~k~~e-e_p__ o_u~t--d~u-s~;t--~1---~lh~a~d--n_o__ p_r_o~b~l~e-m_s w_1~t~h~-c-r_o_s_s--~contamination __ since all ofl ~amples were the same. I !agreed that it was theoretically possible to cross-contam1nate samples when drying them together. When the lyophilization was complete the I I that had sublimated from the samples, would have condensed as ice in the cold trap. Once the ice in the cold trap thawed, the water would be removed. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011998Anthrax Page 378 of 1446 J ,)' .FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o _ _.__ _ _ _ _ _ _.____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , On 279A-WF-222936 12/01/2 0 0 6 , Page Continuation ofFD-302 of __;;;=;...__ ~did not know the original reasoning behind purchasin~ophilizer, but it is set up for stoppering, using vials with rubber caps. The main charn~er js Jefrigerated in order to keep samples cold. According to drying spores is a, "no-no''. I lnever saw the front of the lyophilizer obscured in any way. The lyophilizer is s~t noisy, such that you would notice if it were running froml___jbut not from the hallway. Once the lyophilizer is started, it takes approximately 1 hour for the sample chamber to achieve -40 degrees Celsius. The lyophilizer would be ready in about 5 minutes if you were not interested in cooling down the sample chamber. Once the lyophilization is complete, it takes only minutes to 'get the samples out, however, it could take hours to thaw the cold trap depending on the volume of ice present. r-------~Nufe~itherl~~--~~-~~n~o~r~I__________________ lwork inl II L - 1_ _ _ _ _ _ ~ I ._______.I Room 1.___ _.1 in sui tei.___...JI belongs to IVINS. ~--~!escorted the interviewing agents to suitec===J and started up the lyophilizer. The lyophilizer is further described as al USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 011999Anthrax Page 379 of 1446 o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - \ I (o~q 1 o ? Agent The foJJowinq investigation was conducted by Special ._I_ _ _ _ _ _ ___.I During the course of the Ameri hrax investigation, numerous pieces of digital evidence have been obtained either by search warrant or via a consent search Writer reviewed five digital images associated with S including his home computer, his United States Army edical Research Institute of Infectious? Diseases (USAMRIID) office workstation, his B4/B5 USAMRIID workstation, his USAMRIID user directory and various pieces of loose media. During the review of these items, follow up work was deemed necessary on certain items in order to determine their investigative merit. This investigative document is meant to memorialize the investigative work performed on the digital evidence collected from IVINS' home computer. A summary of the work performed is as follows: ? A user of IVINS' home qomputepp:rfor~ed a reverse telephone lookup on phone pm~berT ]with negative results. Seafches ofl Jgoogle. com we ~ negative. Verizon of Ma~ land was subpoenaed~~aeLe~-~~?~~~~--------~ subscriber. Th sub oena returned to this number. d UNI checks were negati A user of IVINS' home telephone lookup on phone numb~~----------------~~~~~~w_~ google.com were negative. / USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012000Anthrax Page 380 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 2 b7E A user telephone results. UNI checks on ~--------------------~\ ere negatJ.ve. to ~~------~--------~--~--~--~~--~--~ The search was met with negative results because the website required a $25.00 for the search and it does not appear as if tpe fee was paid to receive the results. of erforme~reverse telephone L__jwas negative but goog .com reported that the number was su scrJ. e o by Ni an Pavilion. Verizon Virginia also reported that the numbe2/is subscribed' to by Nissan Pavilion, 7800 Cellar DoQr~rive, BrJ.stow, VJ.rgJ.nJ.a 20136 [Agent note: Nissan Pavilion is an outdoor concert venue near Manassas, Virginia]. of IVINS' home hone number b7E USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012001Anthrax Page 381 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 3 b7E o telephone A user of IVINS' compuTer performed a reverse telephone lookup of phone number lwith negative results. I !google.com searches of the number were met with negative re ults. A subpoena return from Nextel 1s pending to determine the subscriber. A user of IVINS' compu~er performed a reverse telephoneQof phone number! lwith negative results. google.com searches of the number were met with nega 1ve results. A subpoena return from Verizon Maryland is pending to determine the subscriber. ~_.--~~ahoo! People Se~~h was conducted on the last and.Ithaca New Yo~ on IVINS' home computer. address USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012002Anthrax Page 382 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 4 b7C o A search was performed on IVINS's computer for hotel rooms in Fort Lauderdale, Florida from April 1 to April 5, 2002 on Lodging.com. Investigation to date has not revealed if anybody from IVINS' family traveled to Fort Lauderdale, and if so, why they traveled. A United States Postal Service track anr confirm notice was found on IVINS' computer. SAiforwarded the tracking numbef. EU41 2171 516U S to Unite[ States Postal Inspection Service_ I_ I opined thatc==Jwould be able to obtain the shipping information associated with the abovementioned tracking number. Two hotmail.com inbox web were found on IVINS' computer. The pages were the email for hotmail.com user [email protected]. The in~~~~~~~~h~r~~emails, from three different accounts from a known associate of IVINS. present in the "From" line but ddress email ~~--~--~----~~--~--~~~~--~~~--~~~ An emaJ. was also in the mailbox from MSN Communities (the host provider of hotmail.com) with the subject line of "You are now a member of blindfolded." This appears to be a chat group that IVINS has joined associated? with blindfolding. Investigation to date has revealed that IVINS was interested in blindfolding and kidnapping websites and chat rooms. The last email in the inbox appears to be junk mail asking IVINS to signup.for credit of some s~rt. As mentioned above, HANK NUWER is an author specializing in hazing issues. Using amazon.com, IVINS pulled up information on two of NUWER's books, "The Hazing Reader" and "Wrongs of Passage: Fraternities, Sororities, Hazing, and Binge Drinkina." It is unclear whether IVINS ourchased these books. I I USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012003Anthrax Page 383 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID b7C o ail was between Iv1ns as e t ere are genet1c 1olog1cal factors to sexual preferences and appetites. I remember that my 'interest' was present way before I reached 10 years of age." Ivins' "interest" is not known to investigators. If appropriate, during the next interview of Ivins it should be asked what his "interest" is. In another email between states that "The onl reason I've T e FBI won erect why I spent so much t1me at work, but I d1dn't tell them it was, in large part, to get away from home." If appropriate, during the next interview of Ivins,it should be asked why he did not tell us this information and if there is any additional information he is not telling us. a I I Major League ~~------~~~~~~~--~--~~~~------~----~r-~ United ~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~--------~w~as li ing in Ivi s Cusomter number on mlb.com is 915039634 and the order number was DR917546095. This order number will be subpoenaed to determine what credit card IVINS psed to make the purchase. I Ivins reviewed the Yahoo! member profile of I T:~ profile listed the following particulars f~~~----------~J Real Name: Nickname: Location: Age: Gender: A subpoena will be sent to Yahoo! in order to gain additional information aboutl I USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012004Anthrax Page 384 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION r---------~-r~~--~~~~~lsocial Security Account Number (SSAN) : .________.I Date of Birth (DOB) :_L I was interviewed, as pre-arranged, at l::]place of employment, address: the United States Ar~ical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, on the morning of Novem6er , 2006. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing Special Agents (SAs) and the nature of the interview,! !provided the'following information: (WFO NOTE: maintained in the FD-340 associate~ with communication is a non-disclosure agreement forml }voluntarily signed.) lwasl IDeqan emp.LoYTUent at uSAMRIID c~rca1 I I however, r I worked? for I I untill Durina this neriod 1 USAMRIID. l I las a IT rom I l~t I 1 perfunctory duties included Bacillus anthracis while at USAMRIID; however, noted minimal knowledge or experlence was reeded propagate Bac~llus anthracis. opined if indeed grew Bacillus anthracis at USAMRIID, it was pursuant tol:oxin ]reduction and was grown on ~sporulation media; however, reiterated, to the best of L___Jrecollection,l ldid no grow Bacillus anthracis at USAMRIID. I I adv~sed to the best ofl lrecollect~onl I did not possess the knowledge or experience ner:ssa~lto"propagate t1 ~ advised to the best of recollectio~----~~ not produ~llus anthracis spores at USAMRIID. Investigation on File# by ----~~-------- 11/29/2006 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDSA SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012005Anthrax Page 385 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of lhad access to the hot Thronahout the period of time I II Jma have been involved in aerosol challenges pursuant to ...._~--=----.=-----~ I ladvi sed the r.=-...;;.;;;;.....a_ _ _--D-:i-v'""li~s-ir-o-n-----' routin;ly r;~uested the laboratory technicians from the Division to assist in the aerosol challenge. Division laboratory technicians supported the anthraxaeroso cha enges by transpor~ing animals to and from the animal room and the aero~ challenge room, as well as possf~bly pla~ing. I lreiteratedl_jhad no specific recollection of~-------~J assisting in the transport of animals used in the anthrax challenges; however, the practice of usingl !Division laboratory technicians in this manner was common. In addition I !recalled there was an extended period of time, months to a year, that I land during this extended I period TISAMRrrn hpil ~~~~ladvisedl di no I I I I f - (WFO NOTE: maintained in the FD-340 associated with this communication are USAMRIID floor plans! lwas provided for review.) indicated had L - - - - - - - r - - - , . ._ __.J ~----~--~~~lhot su1tes 1n USAMRIID buil~d~i~n~~~~ indicated the same on the provided floor plans. further explained, the hallway was divided off and the poster1or aspect of the hallway contained various freezers. The other half of the hallway, nearest the change rooms, was otherwise ordoned off to ate offices. reiterated was not in the hot suite, rather hot suite and the hot suite. I I I a USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012006Anthrax Page 386 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ooo o 11/2 9/2 0 06 ,Page--=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ j - - - - - - - - - - , On ~~~~!advised sera derived from animals previously exposed to Bacillus anthracis was considered "hot," and as such any immunologibal work needing to be conducted on the same would have to occur within a hot suite. 1 !opined ferlaps this would account fori I keyPad act1v1ty at the hot suite; however, I lnotedl Jhad not been in a hot suite since I I I poted an ELISA or TNA was a regimented protocol with extended incubation periods whereby one could exit the hot suite and re-enter at a later yime if one didn't mind taking multiple showers during the day. l !advised it would likely take longer than ten minutes for an individual conducting an ELISA to enter the hot suite, conduct the required step(s), and exit the hot suite. I lnoted the rabbits utilized in the rPA study were purchased from Covance. Due to space limitations at USAMRIID in I I the rabbits were immunized at Covance at later shipped to USAMRIID for the anthrax-challenges and subse uent ex erimentations.. advised USAMRIID oersonne , sue as BRUC~E~~~~ was certain only L--~--~--......1 went to Covance. IL..--~-:-1" the vaccine was taken to Covance, Covance facility was not equipped to handle infectious agents. I I lad~ised I !outside interests invol~v~e~d~~ II I USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012007Anthrax Page 387 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -----------...1--------- , On 11/2 9/2 0 0 6 , Page ---:=;;;__- contact withl ~~~--~~a~d~3~'oifedc=Jw.as in occasional email or telephonic . Through interview and observation._!----~lis further described as: I?AST N.AJVlE: F I.R.Sl'-N.A.ME : ~ACE? MIDDI,E INITIAL: -""' ~ I I I .J2.912,: ~: dATOR-K TEI,EPHONE: -Ji!MPI .OY:Ei,E : EMPLOYER ADDRESS: MISCELLANEOUS: USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012008Anthrax Page 388 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 1 I 0 8 I 2 0 07 was ning of of the I I agreed to contact writer shouldc=Jrecall any additional pertinent information. , ~ ~ Investigation on __ _____ 01/08/2007 ;.,__ at Frederick, Maryland (telephonically) N /A ~--------------- File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRrro- \ SA Cos?-.-. Date dictated This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012009Amhra>< Page 389 of 1446 . I 5 012010Anthrax Page 390 of 1446 \, FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o o - 1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 12/21/2006 re-arrange , on t e morn~ng o ~em~ent, the United States ious Diseases ~ID) , ~~~~~~hn~~~~~~~ ~~~n-----~~~~~~~~~F~ort . After being Agent (SA) and .____.....Iprovided ~--~-~I advised USAMRIID IT services maintained no documentation which coherently placed a particular computer, at a particular location, at a particular date. I !further advised a computer'in a hot suite that is scheduled for replacement is decontaminated by the hot suite personnel and brought to IT services. Once at. IT services, files from the old computer are transferred to the replacement computer. I !further advised these transferred files typically contain files which were saved to the root C-drive on the old computer. I ~dvised to the best of c::Jknowledge temporary internet files and cookies were not transferred. I !clarified, typically only documents saved onto the C-drive of the old computer were transferred to the new computer. b7C 2. ~terl I although currently in the0hot suite in rooml____jwas not always in the hot suite. On September Investigation on File# ----~~-------- 12/20/2006 at Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDSA ~~------------------ N /A by ~----------------------------------L---------------------------------------USAMRIID Section 5.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012011Ar1thra>< Page 391 ?f1446 bi H1 0< i 1 5 012012Anthrax Page 392 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page-=;;;;..__- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - - L - - - - - - -.........- - - - - - - - - - - , On 12/2 0/2 00 6 indicab::[t p r i o r O September 02~3, there was leased computer, in the ot suite, rooml___j andl I which was revious not in any ot suite, replaced the leased unit. that indicated ifl ~as even locate ~n t e ot su~te or connect~e internet during the September 11, 2001, time frame. h ? wledge as to what data if any, was transferre rom nor whether I .~I were internet connecte compu ers. , reiterated, to the best of ~--~recollection, a computer from a ot suite is decontaminated and brought to IT services and the files are transferred from the old computer to.the new computer. Attached hereto and considered part of this document are the I II t;tgreed to contact the interviewing SA shouidc==J recall any additional pertinent information. USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012013Amhra>< Page 393 of 1446 ?Pr 5 012014Anthrax Page 394 of 1446 ? CaiiiD: 00069073 Stopwatch: 13:46 Gaunt: ?1 Status: Closed ~F~HJ .DATE ALL User ID First Name e-maiiiD Phone Bldg 1425 BRUCE 002073 Login ID Last Name ORG Division IvinsBE IVINS USAMRIID MMCN F0599 IP 1 140.139.166.20 IP2 IP3 IP4 140.139.165.179 MMCN2 F1326 MMCN3 MMCN4 Ivins, Bruce E Dr USAMRIID Extc:::J RoomD USAMRIID Help Desk Close Information Only Status Call Description Closed Bruce would like MMCN E7380 Macintosh to be setup with USAMRIID aopllcations and E-Mail rofiles for Bruce will nave ail passworas rn an envelope. Solution Please use Journal for status updates setup mac. added the persons who gave me a password. tests fine I Origin System Call Type Item Module Problem Type Priority USAMRIID Hardware Macintosh RIIDProject Tracker APC Source Activity Phone PowerMac Setupnnsi/Conf Workstation Related User's sense of urgency Standard First Closed (HD use only) Check to. Send Survey Cause Chronology Received by 07/19/2001 12/0212002 07/19/2001 09:32:24am 02:19:52pm 11:33:09am 0.00 USAMRIIO View New Requirement c:::J Last Update AutoEsc D Closed By 0 F'age I of 1 12/20/2006 11: 17:34am USAMISSA FD USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012015Anthrax Page 395 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) 55- b6, b7C 56 ~ b6, b7C 57- b6. b7C 58- b6. b7C 59 ~ b6, b7C 61-b6, b7C 62- b6, b7C 63 -- b6, b7C 67- b6, b7C - b6, b7C 69 ~ b6, b7C 70- b6, b7C 71 - b6, b7C 72 ~ b6, b7C 73- b6. b7C 74- b6. b7C 84 ~ b6, b7C 85- b6, b7C 86- b6, b7C 87 -- b6, b7C - b6, b7C 92 - b6, b7C 93 ~ b6, b7C 94- b6, b7C 95- b6, b7C 96 ~ b6, b7C 97- b6. b7C 101-bti, b7C 102 ~b6, b7C 103- b6, b7C 104- b6, b7C ! 05 ~ b6, b7C 106- b6, b7C 110-b2, b6, b7C, b7E 115 ~ b2, b7E 151- b6, b7C 152- b6, b7C 153 ~b6, b7C 154- b6, b7C 155- b6, b7C 156 ~ b6, b7C 157- b6, b7C 158- b6, b7C ! 59 ~ b6, b7C _, '' " USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012016Anthrax Page 396 of 1446 Page Page Page Pagee Pagee Page Page Page HiD161! 62 ~ 163164165 ~ 166167- b6, b6, b6, b6, b6, b6, b6, b6, b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C USAMRIID Section 5.pdf 012017Anthrax Page 397 of 1446 I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - o I \?..\~ o 1 The followinf investigation was condilcted by P~stal Inspector 1 _ and Special Agent (SA) I of the Federal Bureau ot Investigating (FBI) on April 13, 2005: Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration records (Attached) indicated the following vehicles are currently registered to address: I ~ REGISTRATI~VALID DATE_: ~9..:::.9./-5<-~ ~GlS'l'RATIQ!?sEXPIRATIQN DATE: - '\ . "REGGS G: : YEA~ RED TO: ;> Ivins, (DOB) : " RED TO: I STRATI ON REGISTRATION ~--------~----~l~DOB: I USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012018Anthrax Page 398 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID MAKE: MODEL: 'YEAR: REGISTERED -----; o b7C VI ...____., ? REGISTRATION REGISTRATION I I Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration records (Attached) indicated tpe following yehicles haye preyjousJy beyn registered to address:! I ~--------------------------------------~ MD TAg_: ~B4FK1G7ER138104 296072M odge b7C Ivins, EXPIRATION PREVIOUS VIN: MODEL: XEAR: (DOB) : I MA.KE:: REGISTERED TO: REGISTRATION EXPIRATIO In addition, MVA records indicate no record of title or registratjof information for neithe4 poB: nor ,1 _ DuB : _ USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012019Anthrax Page 399 of 1446 '. .. .. ,, . ? Page: 1 Document Name: untitled. ?If: ' I .1152098188310 INTERROGATION COflllr:u.&...P-LE-..T~..~:::E _ _ _ ____, ....... 1677628612/05 A 29019556L 193 HOND4S NIA -3700 OON/A $27.00 120799 5 STL:NO SUB: NO FR: FLAG:NO SOX FLAG:NO 00000 V-ST: N V-INSP-5T: C01 V-INSP-DT:062106 V-EXP-DT:062106V-ACC-DT: 050104 INS.CO: STATE FARM MUT AUT INS POLICY#t REG-VAL-DT: 111003 RFND:N ODOMETER: 11 9351 CODE:A o c I I 1-152-098-188-310 SUS.REV: NO PRIVACY: YES BRl!CE EDWARDS IVINS 5-10 150 2 M 04/22/46 FREDERICK F MD 21702 I -END OF RECORD- >>>INTERROGATION COMPLETE; 1152098188310 <<< 80 38\td aw .:10 'V'/\W 909L89L01P 1z:1t 900Z/Et/P0 USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012020Anthrax Page 400 of 1446 . . ', P~g?e; 1 Do~ument N~me: untitled. ('Jt.? " RQ .1152143085640/0002. I...__ _....JI7339229 11/05 A 33806825 .._I_ _ _ _ _ _____.I 95 HOND 40 N/A -3700 OON/A $27.00 102703 5 STL:NO SUB:NO FR: o FLAG: NO SOX FLAG:NO 00000 V-ST: N V-INSP-ST: C01 V-INSP-DT:031407 V-EXP-DT:031407V-ACC-DT: 030905 INS.CO: STATE FARM MUT AUT INS c POLICY#~ I REG-VAL-DT: 112503 RFND:N ODOMETER: 116157 CODE:A \.___ _ _ _ _ S_I IS__.~: ro EBI~~? ~.__S_ _ _ _ ...J -END OF RECORD- Date: 4/13/2005 Time: 01:55:57 ?~-?---?----?---?-?--?---?- L0 39\;id aw ..:10 !;7/\W 90SL89L01P tz:tt S00Z/?1/P0 USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012021Anthrax Page 401 of 1446 . ?Page;~ Document Name: untitled. ..---~-------___..::!o~---------I .1152143085640/0004. 1236623112/06 M 24315323 96 DODG TK NIA +3/oO OON/A $76.50 N/A 5 STL:NO SUB:NO FR: FLAG:NO SOX FlAG:NO 00000 V-ST: N V-INSP-ST: C01 V-INSP-DT:062205 VMEXP-DT:062205V-ACC-DT: 071803 I INS.CO: STATE FARM MUT AUT INS C POLICY#:I REG-VAL-DT: 112404 RFND:N ODOMETER: 000066 CODE:A b7C o RQ .,_1 -----.~.::::IS~US:::.:?:.!.!R:::,EV: NO PRIVACY: YES I I' -END OF RECORD- Date: 4/13/2005 Time: 01:56:03 PM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ? - - ? - - - - - ~0 39t'd aw .:10 t~I\W 90SL89L0~P ~z:~~ S00Z/E~/P0 USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012022Anthrax Page 402 of 1446 . -? Page: 1 Document Name: untitled. -------------------~~------------? 1 .1152143085640 INTERROGATION CO~t""'P-L..... ET...,_E=?--------11574201 08/06 A 34500828 L 195 HOND 4S N/A-3700 OON/A $50.50 072104 5 STL:NO SUB:NO FR: FLAG:NO SOX FLAG:NO V-ST: N V-INSP-ST: V-INSP-OT:050405 V-EXP-DT:050405V-ACC-DT: 080304 INS.CO: STATE FARM MUT AUT INS C POLICY#t REG-VAL-DT: 080204 RFND:N ODOMETER: 119635 CODE:A I . >>>> CORRECTED TITLE ISSUED- COPY *01* <<<< I lsus.REV: ro EBill8C:YES .___I_ _____.I 1 . r ~.---1 I _ _ _ _ _ _ . -END OF RECORD- >>> INTERROGATION COMPLETE; 1152143085640 <<< . Date: 4/13/2005 Time: 01:56:08 PM--?-------:-?-----------?-- pg 39'ii'd aw ..::10 'ii'/\W USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012023Anthrax Page 403 of 1446 , .? ~ag~: 1 Do.c~.ment ~arne:: untitled. .I 152066465765 INTERROGATION COMPLETE. NO RECORD OF TITLE OR REGISTRATION INFORMATION. o 'r------...L'-=S-=U-=S:.:.:..R..::.:;EV: ~------~1~1~------~~ wEND OF RECORD- 110 PRIVACY? YES , >>> INTERROGATION COMPLETE; 1152066465765 <<< Date: 4/~ 3/2005 Time: 01:53:21 PM Eta 39~d aw .:Jo t'/\W USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012024Anthrax Page 404 of 1446 ' . ?.Pag~: 1; D?:cument Name: ~ntitled_._. _ _ _ _ _ _ J 152067373765 INTERROGATION COMPLETE. o I ? - - - -.. ??-_;::?=----?--- __ NO RECORD OF TITLE OR REGISTRATION INFORMATION. ' r i_ _ _ _ _ ~I----~~~~~~~--~ -END OF RECORD- ....~IL..:s:..:u:..:s:.:.:.R:...:.:;EV: Jo PRIVACY: YES >>>INTERROGATION COMPLETE; 1152067373765 <<< ---?----?-- ?------- 7.CI :19'Vd aw .:10 >v/\W USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012025Anthrax Page 405 of 1446 ' . .' Pag~: 1 D?~ument Name: untitle?L.----------~-o..-:----- -----~ RQ .115209818831010002. ' I I 1975377 09/06 A 324551681 02 SATU 48 N/A -3700 OON/A $50.50 090902 5 STL:NO SUB: NO FR: FLAG:NO SOX FLAG:NO 00000 V-ST: N V-INSP-8T: C01 V-INSP-DT:020707 V-EXP-DT:020707V-ACC-OT: 013105 INS.CO: STATE FARM MUT AUT INS C POLICY#: 045364120 REG-VAL-DT: 092704 RFND:N ODOMETER: 002175 CODE:A SUS.REV: NO PRIVACY: YES BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS 5-10 150 2 M 04/22146 I bf> I I I I I I F I.____ ____. -END OF RECORD- H 39'Vd aw .:lO 'VI\W 90SL89L01P 1z:11 S00Z/E1/P0 USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012026Anthrax Page 406 of 1446 , .' P~~e: 1 Document Name: untitled. RQ ,, ' ' . --------? l .1152098188310/0004. 11 M 20283290 90 NISS VN N/A -3700 OONIA $27.00 N/A 5 Sl L:NO SUB: NO FR: FLAG:NO SOX FLAG:NO 04185 V-ST: N VwiNSP-ST: C01 V~JNSP-DT:030701 V-EXP-DT:030701V-ACC-DT: 031299 INS.CO: STATE FARM MUT AUT INS C POLICY#: 2954097E1020 REG-VAL-DT: PREVIOUS CLASS: M PREVIOUS-TAG: 395206M RFND:N ODOMETER: 000502 CODE: f o ~...-_ _ _ _____.lsuS.REV: NO PRIVACY: YES I I[ BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS I sus.ll I 5-10 150 2 M 04/2214;;-;;.6--...., FREDERJCK F MD . _ _ I_ ____. NO PRIVACY: YES -END OF RECORDALL nrFORM:ATID~r CmiTAHIED _ ____...,... ___ 39'i1d Date: 4/13/2005 Time: 01:55:00 PM ?~---?--? ------ 60 aw .:10 'if/\W 90SL89L0!P !Z:!! 900Z/8!/P0 USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012027Anthrax Page 407 of 1446 o I ( o " : ,, Page: 1 Do~ument Name: untitle. RQ .1152143085640/0003. 11 M 20283290 ... t 90 NISS VN N/A -3700 OON/A $27.00 N/A 5 STL:NO SUB:NO FR: FLAG:NO SDX FLAG:NO 04185 V-ST: N V-INSP-ST: C01 V-INSP-DT:030701 V-EXP-DT:030701V-ACC-DT: 031299 INS.CO: STATE FARM MUT AUT INS C POLICY#: 2954097E1020 REG-VAL-DT: PREVIOUS CLASS: M PREVIOUS-TAG: 395206M RFND:N ODOMETER: 000502 CODE: I I o b6 I I ISUS.REV: NO BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS I PRIVACY: YES 5"1 0 150 2 M 04/2214...:..;;6;...._...., FREDERICK . F MDI~.....-____. ~~_ _ _ _ _...&.;?;;..;;;u;..,;;;;s.REV: NO PRIVACY: YES __ _ _ _ _ . .___I_ ____.II L...-----_ -END OF RECORD- Date: 4/13/2005 Time: 01:56:00 99 39'\i'd aw .:lO '17/\W USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012028Anthrax Page 408 of 1446 o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-\~\~ ALL IHFOPlc!:ATI Ol'!r CmiTAnl"ED o I 1 Agen~~--------------~Jon 04/25/2005: The followinq investigation was conducted by Special Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration was contacted and provide a driver's licence picture of Bruce Edwards Ivi te of b~ th 04 22/1946. The original picture provided oy MVA is attache to and made part of this document. 0 D & USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012029Anthrax Page 409 of 1446 l' .. ' ~funage.Printing ' . o DR/VIR l/CINS/1/G SYSTEM o Page 1 ofl Version 13.2.1.7 bG Converted Photo from DLPS. Captured 9/6/2002. Name BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS Soundex I-152-098-188-310 I a~?-~ Product I County Birth Date Race Weiqht Type/Class F DBLocatiol-2 Address ~------------------~ M Sex Heiqht 5-10 Product Class C Drivers License/Duolicate 1 Restrictions Branch Branch unknown Crea~d 9/6/2002 Issued 9/6/2002 Retrieved 3/30/2005 6:52:56 AM 4/22/1946 2 150 D1/C Control Number 110B5JF by VBRJB Expires 4/22/2005 by VRSLH This data is accurate as of issue date. http://ottweb01/dlsimage/DLSimagePrint.asp?soundex=I15209818831 O&imageList=ZZll... 3/30/2005 USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012030Anthrax Page 410 of 1446 ; f.. . " .-?? MAR-29-2005 ' . 15:15 o P.01/02 b6 UNITED STATI!:S POSTAL INSP!iCTION SERVICE WASHINGTON METRO DIVISION 3/29/05 State of Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration 6601 Ritchie Highway, NE Glen Burnie, MD 21 062?2361 SUBJECT: Request for Digital Image of MD Licensee Dear .... l ______. As part 9f a criminal investi ation being conducted by this agency, I am requesting the digitized i age for the following MD licensee: Bruce E. Ivins, OLN 1-152-098-188~31 ; DOB 4/22/1946. If available, please provide us with this person's digitized photograph and any related identifying information on file. Pl~ase fax your response to my attention at you feel that a facsimile may not be readable, please also provrde me the above re uested information b U.S. Mai . My mailing address is USPISJr::--..., I ht .____,....,...__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___.Thank you for your assistance in this supervisor's Signature USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012031Anthrax Page 411 of 1446 ' ({})1r1, ~~ ~6 ,, A 6601 Ritchie Highway, N.E. Glen Burnie, Maryland 21062 o o' GRATIS 05971606 Motor Vehicle Administration AS MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND AND BY VIRTUE OF THE AUTHORITY VESTED IN ME UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE, MARYLAND VEHICLE LAW, I DO HEREBY CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY, THAT THE FOLLOWING IS A TRUE COPY TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL NOW ON FILE AND A PART OF THE RECORDS OF THIS ADMINSTRATION. APPLICATION FOR ORIGINAL DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR RENEWAL DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR CORRECTED DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR DUPLICATE DRIVERS LICENSE APPLICATION FOR MOPED LICENSE APPLICATION FOR IDENTIFICATION CARD VEHICLE TITLE NUMBER VEHICLE REGISTRATION TAG NUMBER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER CORRESPONDENCE DATED: OUR RECORDS FAIL TO REFLECT ANY INFORMATION FOR: o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ( X ) OTHER; I152098188310 IMAGE MARYLAND AND FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS UNAUTHORIZED DISC L0 SURE, 0 F INFO RMATI 0 N F?R OM MVA RE C0 RD S VIOLATION OF THESE PROVISIONS IS A MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE UP TO $1000 DOLLARS. AS WITNESS, MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF THIS ADMINISTRATION THE DAY AND YEAR SET OPPOSITE. MAR 3 1 2005 DR?060 (2104) =" -~--!-~--::~~-------- USAMRIID Section 6.pdf o 012032Anthrax Page 412 of 1446 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o amREnJ . .ATE "'~? o ?' " ,.. 1. . DRIVER 'RECORD ABBREVIATION CODES A ooooooooo.ooooLicense Class NA .oooooo.ooo.Administrative Adjudication NC. , o.......... Air Conditioning ACC o.ooo.o.... Accident ACCUM .oo...oooAccumulate(d) ABEY .......oooAbeyance ACT o.ooooooooooAction/Acted ADM .ooooooo.o.Administration/Administrative AEP ooooo..ooooo Alcohol Education Program AFF ....oo...oo.Affirmed ? AGREE ...oo..o.Agreement ALCH ..........Alcohol ALT ooooooo.ooooAltered AOM ooo..oooooo Age of Majority APP .o..oo...oo.Application APPR o.oooo.oooApproved/P..pproval NR ..oo...o.o.oAlcohol Related ATT o.oooooooo.. Attend AUM oooooo.....Accident - Uninsured Motorist Case B .o..o.oo.o..o.License Class BAC o.oooo.ooooBlood Alcohol Level BLDG .o.oo.ooo. Building 8/S ......ooo... BiackouVSeizure C .o....o..ooo..License Class C ..o....o.o.o.Corrected License C/FS ooooooo.oooo ComplainVFalse Statement CANC .o.....oooCancelled COL ooooo.o..oooCommercial Driver's License COS oo.o.o.oooo Controlled Dangerous Substance CERT o.ooooooooo Certificate CHEM oo.oooooo. Chemical CIR ooo.oo.oooo.Circuit CLF o..oooooo.o.Central License File CLR .....o.ooo.oClearance CMV .o.ooo.ooo.Commercial Motor Vehicle CO ...oo....oo.Company COMB .oo.ooo.o.Combination COMM .........Committed COMP o.o.oooooo Complete(d) CONC .oo..oooo.Concurrent CONF ooo..oooo. Conference CONS .o.....oo.Consecutive CONT oo.oo.o.o.Continued CONTR .........Control CONV o.ooooooo.ConVICtion COR oo..oo.....Corrected CR .o.oo.o.oooooCredit CSE .oooo.oo.oooChild Support Enforcement CT ......o.o.oooCourt 0 .oooo....o....License Class or Days (300) 0-1 ............Duplicate License DEC ..o..o...o.Decision DEF ............Default DEPT .....oo.ooo Department DEV ...o......o.Device DIP ..ooo.o....oDriver Improvement Program DIS ...o......ooDisplaying DIST oo..o...oo. District DIV o.o..o..o... Division DL ..o..oo.ooo. Driver License DMV o.oooooo.ooMotor Vehicle Administration DOC .o.oo...o..Document DR o..oooooooooo Drive/Driving/Driver o D/R ......o..o..Driver Records DRC .ooooo.o.o. Driver Rehabilitation Clinic DT ...........o.Date DTO ..o...oo.oo Dealer Tags Only DUP ...........Duplicate E ..oo..ooooooo. License Class EC ..o.oo.ooo.o.Express Consent EDUC .oo..ooo.. Education EFF ..o......oooEffective ELEC .o.........Electric EMP o..ooo.ooo. Employee, Employment ENT ....o.o...o.Entry EQUIP ooo.ooo.ooEquipment EX ooooo..o..oo.Expired, Expiration EXC oooooooooooo Exceeding EXD ..ooooo.o...Excluded Driver Case EXP oooooooooooo Explosives FA oo..o..o.o.o. Fatal Accident FAIL ooooooooooo. Failing/Failure/Failed FC oo : o....oo.o. Full Credit Fl .oooooo....o.Fictitious FIN RESP ...o...Financial Responsibility FPF ...oo....o..Fail to pay fine FIR o.oooo..ooooFinancial Responsibility FR#() ....o.....Financial Responsibility Case ooo..oooo.ooooo(Ace. Date) FRAUD o.ooo.ooo Fraudulent FREQ oooooooooo Frequency FT ..oooooooooo. FeeVFailed Test FTA ooooooo.ooo ,Failure to Appear FTY ooooooooooooFailure to Yield H ooooooooo.ooo. Hearing (Hearing Officer's Initials) HAZ ooooo...o.ooHazard HEAR ..........Hearing HFA ooooooooo. o Hearing - Failed to Appear oo HGT o.oooooooooHeight HW oooo , o , oooooHearing Waived HWY oo..ooo.o.. Highway IC oooooooo..oooImplied Consent 10 .oo.oooooooo. Identification IMP oo.ooooooooo Improper/Improvement INC oo.o.o.ooooo Increase IND oo.oooooooooIndefinite INF .oo.o.ooooooInfluence INFO ooo.ooooooo Information INJ ooooooooooo. Injury/Injuring/Injurious INS ...o.oo.... .Insurance INSPECT o , o , o o o o Inspection INSTALL , oo , ooo .Installment INSTR o..ooooo. .Instructions INTER .ooooooo. .Interest INTERLOCK ooo : o oo Ignition Interlock Device INTOX o..o..o.o .Intoxicated/Intoxicating INVEST oooooooo. Investigation ISS .oo........ .Issued IVP ooo..o....o. Insurance Verification Program Case J oo.oooo.oooooo MVA Judgement Case JUDG oo.o , , ooo.Judgement LET .oooooo.ooo.Letter LIC oooooooooooo License LIQ ...o...oooo..Liquor LO oooooooo.. , ooViolation of Local Ordinance M ....o.oooo.o..License Clas~; or Mpnths , MAB oo , , , ..oooo Medical Advisory Board Case MAG o.o , , .o....Magistrate MAIF , , o , , , oooo. Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund M/C . , .oooo.ooo. Motorcycle MAX oo.ooo.oo..Maximum MD .....ooo..oooMaryland MFG , .o.oooooo. Manufacturer MISREP .........Misrepresentation MO ..ooo.ooooo. Motorcycle/Motorscooter MODI o..oooo... Modified MPH oooooooooooMiles Per Hour MSP ..... ~ .ooooMaryland State Police MTR oo , . , o.ooooMotor MUT o..o...o... Mutilated MV oo.ooooooo.. Motor Vehicle (MV) o.oooo..... Moving Violation MVA ..oooooo.ooMotor Vehicle Administration NC oooooooooo..Nolo Contendere NEGL ...o.ooo.. Negligent NRS ooooooo.o.. Non-Resident Student OBT ooo.oooo.ooObtain 0/C .o...oo..o.oOut-oi-Country OP ooooo.o.o....Operating OPR o.o.ooo.oo.Operator ORG ...........Original 0/S ooooooooooooOut-of-State PSYS .......o..Point System PAR ooooooooooooParent PASS oooo..oooo. Passenger PAY .oo.o , o.ooo. Payment PBJ oooooo.oooo. Probation Before Judgement PED ..oo...ooo. Pedestrian PEND ..o , ooooooPending PER .........o..Permit PEAS , oo , , , .o.o Person PO o..oo.o......Property Damage PI oooooooo.ooo. Personal.lnjury POS o.ooooo.o.. Possession, Possess PRIV ooooo. , . , .. Privilege PROS ..o.oo.oo. Probated or Probation PROH .oooooooooProhibited PROP .oo...ooooProperty PT .o....oooooooPassed Test PUR o..oo.oooooPurpose PWV o.oooooooo. Probation Without (or before) Verdict R ...oo.....ooo.Refused or Renewal License RA ooooooo...oo.Reinstatement Application RE oooooooooooooReissued REC oooooooooooRecord RECD o.oooooooo Received RECIP oooooooooo Reciprocity REF o.ooo..o..o. Refused or Refusal RE-EXAM oooo... Re-Examination REG ..o..o.....Registration, Register, or Regulations REIN ...o..ooo..Reinstatement REHEAR oo.. , oo.Rehearing REL o.ooooooooooRelative, Related REM oooooo , o.ooRemand, Remanded REO o...o...o..Requirement, Require RES oooooo....o.Resident RESC ooooooo.o.Rescinded RESCH oooooooo. Rescheduled RESP oooooooooo Responsibility RESTR oooo.oo.o Restricted or Restrictions RET ooo , oooooooo Re14rn RETRO oooo , o , ooRetroactive REV , , , .oo , oooooRevoked or Revocation AI ooooooooooooo Reinstated ROW ...........Right of Way RP ooo , ooooooo , .Reprimand RPA .ooooo.oo... Refused or Revoked Pending Appearance RR o..o. , o.o..o. Railroad or Restriction Removed R/R ..o , o.o , ooooReview & Reinstatement RS ooo..o.oo , o.o Random Selection RTT , oo , o , oooo , .Brake Reaction Time Test S o. , oo..ooooo..Substitute License SAT oooo.oooooo. Satisfied SCH ...o...oo..oScheduled SER oooooo......Serial SIGN o.oooo.oo. Signed SNL .........oo.Sign,ed ~tatement - No L1cense in Possess1on SPA ..o...o...ooSuspended Pending Appearance SPEC o.oo.oo.o. Special SS .ooo.ooooo..Sentence Suspended ST, ooooooooooo. Student STAT ..oooooo.o.Statement SUB ......o.oo. Substitute SUBST ......oooSubstance SUR o...o.....oSurrender SUS ..oo.oo ?oooo Suspended .or Suspension SW .oooo.......Suspension Withdrawn SYS., oooo...oo. System T ooooooo.......License Type,, TEMP oooo... ; .oTemporary TP o......o.o.o.Test Place TRAF oo..oooo , ..Traffic TRANS .ooo , ooooTransportation or Transporting TRK., ooo.oo.oooTruck TUN ......o.oooTunnel TV o.o...oooooooTelevisioo TY oo.o.o....o.. Regular or Photo License UL .... , , .ooo... Unable to Locate (Investigation) UMC o.oo..o.oooUninsured Motorist Complaint Case UN . , : ooo...oo.Under UNATT .o.oo.ooo.Unattended UNAUTH ooooo.o.Unauthorized UNINS o.ooooo... Uninsured UNLIC oo.oooo.o. Unlicensed US .............United States VEH ooo..oo.ooooVehicle VER .o..........Verdict VERIF ..... , o..oVenfication VIN .......o..o.Vehicle Identification Number VIO o.o.oo.oo...Violation, Violate WARN .o.....o..Warning WARR ..o.......Warrant WON ....o..o...Withdrawn WGT , oo...oo.. .Weight WL .oo.oo.oooo.Warning Letter W/0 o..oo..ooooWithout X oo , oooooo..oo .Involved in an Accident YDIP . ? ...... : ...Youth Driver-Improvement Program YLCP , o......... Youth License Control Program YR .. , oooo.o.oooYe.ar & ..............And o ..............Points Expired I ..............Or , , I .o .. ' o o -, ... oo o o I oo Io o ! o . Driver License Restriction Codes (as they appear on back of driver licenses) 1. Glasses or contact lenses 2. Outside roar view mirror 3. Valid in the State of Maryland only 4. Automatic transmission 5. Directional signals 6. Daylight driving only 7. Umitod to certain vehicles only B. Other- See special restriction card 9. Alcohol COL Endorsement Codes X - N and H combined S -School Bus Authorized T - Doubles/triples TPXS -All COL Endorsements P -Passenger transport N -Tank vehicle H -Hazardous materials !?Limited (See restriction card) Restriction Codes J?Other (See restricflon card) B?Corrective lenses C?Special brakes, hand K?CDL Intrastate only controls/other (see L?Vehicles without airbrakes restriction card) M?Except class A bus D?Prosthetic aid N?Except class A & B bus E?Automatic transmission O?Except tractor trailer F?Outside mirror Z-Organ Donor, G?Umited to daylight only Hearing/Speech Impaired H?Umited (see restriction card) :. :e o oo ;e ! o , . o DR-060 (2/04) oo USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012033Anthrax Page 413 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04/27/2005 Soc~al Nuliiber Office was contacted at w er was advised'L-o~f~t~h~e--~i'd~e-n~t~i~ty of the interview~ng Agent ~ presentation of credentials, and the purpo?s~ of the interview. L_j was specifically advised thatc==Jwas one of hundreds of people being interviewed in the course of the investigation into the mailing of anthrax laced letters and thatc:J was being approached as an ally to the investiyation and not a target of the investigation. I Jprovided the following information: provided a copy o assignments and a 1-A envelop?":e-.-.,...f particular IUSAMRIID at Fort petrjc Maryland ;r:-----------.--------------~1 from~l------~ l ~nterest was I w;;.;h;;.;;;~;..;c;.;;h~=....;;;;.,;;;,;o;.,;r;;;..e;;;.d--.-i-n_, From I J duties involved Investigation on File# by 04/27/2005 at.___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936-LE.Ai3>~~-USAMRII'l!Y';;.~22q SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012034Anthrax Page 414 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-LEAD; -USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of jl_______________j - - - - , On 0~ /2 7/2 0 05 , Page _.....;2;;..__ As duties at USAMRIID received b7c knowledge, has never come into contact with any person anywhere who was ac ually exposed to anything that could be construed to be capable of infectinq mass casualties on anv oart of the world nnrn11 ::~r i n11 I J Questions for USAMRIID Interviews lwas asked all of the questions titled "Questions for USAMRIID Interviews 11 even? thoughrladvise~ never worked with any biological organisms. A copy o~id ques~s is stored in the 1-A section of case file for this report of interview, as notations were made by the interviewing Agent on same. Specific responses for numbered ques?tions are as follows: I ~----~==~--------------~~ 2:-4. .___ _ _ _....~lresponded "No" to each. 1.1 I 5-9. L-n_a_m_e_s_B~r-u-c-e~I~V-1~.n-s--o-r~---------~n--Jever was associated with 1s not fam1 1ar w1t of t e anyone who was verse ~n t e ~eap<;>niz~tj~n was never aware of any.cqntamJnatJo~ J~!_ familiar with the term anv aae,ts.c=Jalso Jand was not 10 and 11. lwas provided with a copy of building blueprints and marked the area wherer-lworked. This copy js majntained in a 1-A envelope. I ldicr-not work in .________~land was not familiar with same. 12 16. ~ever handled "select agents," nor did c===Jwork with anyone who did. c==Jdid not have routine access to any I L---------~ I USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012035Anthrax Page 415 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o J b! -;~ 279A-WF-222936-LEAD; -USAMRIID \.._.,. Continuation ofFD-302 of ---1-------------....._______ ,On 04/27/2005 ,Page_..;::::__ _ hot 11 areas and does not recall ever bjingl in any of satl}a......,let alone allowing anyone entry to same on credentials. L__j does not recall anyone having access to any agentsbi also had the ab~litr to create same or handle same, nor is aware of anyone wh considers a suspect in the anthrax mai 1ngs. 11 17 18. has not worked with anyone whom consider~ lax with handling any agents or whomc==]considers to be interested in turning any agents into harmful agents. c==J knows of no one who expressed an interest in gaining access to anthrax or any other dangerous agents. 19-20. D"wouldn't know where to start 11 to go about preparing dried Ba or to send it through the mail nor isc:Jaware of any one who expressed any interest in being able to "get around" forensic techniques. has no p~rsonal or profess1ona~ assoc1ation w1th Trenton, NJ or Princeton, NJ, nor is[:} aware of any on{ w~ doe::r==J was wa~kjnq in Frederick, Maryland (MD) during__ I and does not recall ~cif1c~ y rna 1n~ trips to NJ during that time period, nor is L__Jaware of any ofL__J associates who did. 23. c::Jis aware of SOPs for decontamination but does not nor did[:] have access to Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets inl lwork_ areas and does not know exactly what constitutes same. 24. lhas never worked in virology areas and is not familiar with the terms "paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde fumigation. 11 ? 25-2~has never smelled bacterial decontamination agents nor has~er used plastic storage containers such as sterilite boxes 1nc::Jwork areas. 27-28c===J has never worked in any labs and is therefore not aware of any Ba work official or otherwise, nor whether or not such work was recorded in notebooks. 29-30. bas ~ever purchased any pre-stamped envelopes nor used any from any source. D D 21-~2 I I ~froml J and I I USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012036Anthrax Page 416 of 1446 . ) FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) o --l-------------...J------ ,On 04/27/2005 ,Page _ _4=---- 279A-WF-222936-LEADi -USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 31-32. lnever handled any of the anthrax-laced letters or envelopes, nor has D performed anf analytical work on any of the evidence in this case, nor does personally know of any one who has. I I Questions regarding I lnever hosted any foreign visiting scientists and does not know anyone who did. lwas ani but is unaware of I I e~v--e_r__ a_s_s_o_c_1_a_t~1-n---w~1~t~h--a_n_y~~------------~t---J c==J is not aware of any one who rpoke wi~hL---~~~~ never t~ to any one who was present when ]spo e to memb ryrs.~ has no knowledge o~olitical issues regarding the___~ L response to same. L_jhas never conversed nor known o others who have regarding decontamination pfocedurej to avoid leaving traces of pathogens, nor i~ aware of_ . or any one else ever discussing forensic countermeasures whereby a would be bioterrorist could avoid being identified or detected. I 0 b7C L-~--~~~~~i~s~n~b~t~aware ofl lever showing simulants for ~ntbrax to tQ~ lis not aware of lever discussing withl jthe use of a lyophilizer to make powdered anthrax. c:J is not aware ofl lever showing materials such as a homemade glovebox made from a plastic container, various bottles and kitchen supplies, or discuss scenarios in which such items could be used to prepare a bioweapon. ? lhas no other information about~~----~ interactions with thec:::Jwhich might relate to this case, nor has I USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012037Anthrax Page 417 of 1446 ,. . . . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o a o 04/27/2005 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-LEAD; -USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --l.-------------.1------- ,On -5- D ever heard of dispersed in USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012038Anthrax Page 418 of 1446 -, I!': t-- ~r-- :<,If,: ~ : I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID~\~~y o o I Agent~~--------------~Jbetween 04/27/2005 and 04/28/2005: The followin9 investigation was conducted by Special A review of BRUCE.~VINS~ United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectibus Disease user drive several emails between IVINS ~~L-----------------~~~aae_~ referenced Ka a Ka ~------~lived at~T-~~------~~~------~--~----~----~~ ~I---------------------------------------------------------------------------~~ per www.atxp.com. 1s the sorority house for Kappa Kappa A copy of the www.atxo.com National Comprehensive Report is attached to and made part of this document. b7C USAMRIID Section 6.pdf D 012039Anthrax Page 419 of 1446 Fb-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 4/21/2 0 0 5 work telephone number After being advised identity of the interv1ew1ng agent and the nature of the interview, I !provided the following information: !attended! land received ~I:::::::::~:~~~=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::!::::::::::~~.LI----, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I attendedLI~--~-~r-----------------------~:J~ Jand received ~...I ....Jr at the 1ng near the ma1n USAMRIID 1ngs. --=--~~--:-~-:::! at USAMRI IQ. ?dealt with DNA. e proJects I In apprl"'lvim:::d-""1'~ went to work fori I left m::::n.MRIID and lwhile waiting to work for thel las an analvst. While await inaLr--...,11---s-e_c_u_r_l.,..t:-:v--c-le_a_r_a_n_c_e-,-1.-------11 wor ke'd at .1 ,. I I lsecur1tv clearance, I. After obtaininql I Investigation on 0412012005 atLI~~-"""'~~-------...J----------/ U..:S'IWYJ2 l ) tS - \'J:a. ~ b6 Date dictated 0 4 I 21 I 2 0 0 5 File# 279A-WF-222936< by~S~M~===================-----------------------------------4 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. D ------- b7c- USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012040Anthrax Page 420 of 1446 < ' FD~302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 1 ?. o 04 I 2 0 I 2 0 OS , Page 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of _....__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...~--_ _ _ _ _ _ _ , On --=2=--- b7C ~------~In Ju~or July 2001,! ~ l~.--------------------------~'? I whereJI is currently employed as lret~u~r~n~e~d~t~o~l__________.___~ I ~--------------------~ While employed at USAMRIID,~~~------~Idid not have access or work with bacillus anthracis (Ba) . I lhad access to Ebola Marburg and VEEV but did not work with the live agents except for work related tol I I jdid the Ebola challenges in which I I wL..a_s ___. I I I did not have access to thL..e___,B-a--:1:-a-:b:--a-n--=d-a_n_y_a_n_t-:-h-r_a_x_w_o_r~k~ __ performed by other individuals. BRUCE IVINS worked in the anthrax area. !had not ever used the modified G sporulation media. r-~---r.~h~ad not used any culture technique. I lwa~ one of the last bio warfare guys that had an expertise 1n weaponization techniques. !....___________~ I lhad no knowledge of any areas of USAMRIID which had problems with bacterial contamination, particularly virology suites. Besides thel !Building, I .lw~rkfd inl suite andl ,I suite in building~~~~-~r~~~r~~~~-~-~-----~~c~o~u~ra~ not remember what the spe"i tic room numbers for I and I I suites were. I suite was were Ebola work was performed andl suite was were VEEV work was performed. lhad never seen or heard of people "piggybacking11 ~1-n~a-=n-d~o-=uTt of the hot areas at USAMRIID o~ visiting scientists being taken into the hot areas by USAMRIID researchers. I Ihad no knowledge of anyone removing Select .. Agents .from the hot areas covertly but believed that it would be easy because anyone that had the appropriate access badge and pin code could walk into a hot area and conceivably take anything. ~----~~I was not aware of anyone who said they might make a Select Agent for use in some improper fashion. I lwas not USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012041Anthrax Page 421 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page--=-- 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of L ___________J------:--- , On 04/2 0/2 0 05 aware of any persons with the access and ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents who had expressed hostile 'attitudes toward any politFcal orga~ization, the media, or others. There were no persons thatL Jbelieved or suspected of possibly being associated :ith the mailing of the anthrax letters. There were no people thatl _ lworked with who were lackadaisical in handling angerous ite~s or inappropriately ~~----~ ~ested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents.~-----~ L____jwas not aware of anyone at USAMRIID that was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific means to do so. I lwas not aware of any work being conducted with Ba or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded. I I ~as not aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in ~able to get around forensic techniques. The dried BA would have to be ground up prior to being placed in the mail. The problem with grinding up the dried BA is that chemical~ have to be added in order to keep the dried BA from sticking together and in order to get the dried BA into powdfr ~ I ldid not know what chemicals had to be used. _ L___jhad knowledge of the process to dry out and process the~B~A----~ from his work as al I Someone with I I knowledge might have the knowledge of what chemicals had to be used when the dried BA was ground up. I ~id not believe that there were many people with the knowledge of the exact chemicals to be used. nor any of associates had any personal or professional association wi~h Trentof, New Jer~Prince~onr or other areas of New Jersey. l _nor any o~ assoc1ates traveled to N w J rse in Se tember or October 2001. had relocated to time frame ~~~~---------------------------------------------------; b7C I I D I USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012042Anthrax Page 422 of 1446 ! o p02a (Rev. 10-6-95) i ! o 7 _JL_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J-_b_--__ _ _ _ _ , On c o 04/2 0 /2 0 0 5 , Page 279A-WF-222936-LEAD tinuation ofFD-302 of --=--- Everybody used the plastic storage containers, such as sterilite boxes, for storage of theiT materjaJs at USMARIID. The storage containers were .everywhere. _ _was not sure how, when, where, or by whom the containers were purchased. Since the cont~ine-rs were everywhere 1 I lhad never noticed any of the storage boxes missing because it wou d have been hard to determine. I All o~ lwork was recorded in lab noteb:oks. I was n o t e where they would be stored but lat the building would probably know wliere t e notebooks were s ore . I I I I Jhad never purchased pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in t e mailing forr--lown use or for anyone else. lhad never used any of t~ending machines in Frederick, Maryland to purchase pre-stamped envelopes. lhad not pe~sc:all: handled any of the anthrax laced letters or envelopes. l l h a d not performed any analytical work of the evidence 1n t e case. I I ._I--------------.--__.1 ....----....,?Iabout I lknew whd Irma SetJQd I II was not an I lnever hosted any foreign visiting scientists and member. \ lwas prior to thel lin the audit._o_r-=-iu_m___. .__a_r_e_a-Ti-n~the Adm1n1stration area, in the office thatl lshared land at thel !Building. In June or July 2000,~1~--..... lsawl lin the auditorium area of the ? ? ? ration area of USAMRIID during a science related meeting. was employed b y 8 n d longer working for USAMRIID. no was not sure if had an escort, what type of badg ad/ and where else might have gone in USAMRIID. I I IIlever letaopiggy--back 11 into S;ny areas withl Jnever saw taking ~equipment out of USAMRIID or toyi:g ea:ipment o a p ~ce wher~L_j~ould use ~t unobserved. _ ~ ~ Jnevir sawl _ ~ork1ng w1th ba~ter1al cultures or yop 1l1zers. : ad no knowledge of[: removing or borrowing any equ1pment from USAMRIID or try1ng to obtain discarded lab equipment. lnever askedl lfor any isolates, equipment! or ;cc:ss to any USAMRIID locat1ons. 1 I ldid not know where_ ~ Jstore~ samples or materials nor was laware of any sample Jmight have brought withl from prior research or employment. I I I USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012043Anthrax Page 423 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ?. o b6 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of --L.------------1-------- ,On 04/2 0 /2 0 0 5 , Page _....:5::;___ ~~~~~~~~~:~=~-b_u_t~~he I leaving USAMRIID. I I lknew thatl lwent to work fori lwas tr~1nq to aytl~~------._----rl----~ rumors were thatl Jwas never going to get lnever sawl lnear the walk-in cooler, room in tne hot s1ae of building 1412. Since the lhas not heard any comments about~=---~_.o~r~a=b~o,ut~h~a-v~i-n-g~g~i-v_e_n_l~-~~,1 access to certain areas or to Ba. ha~ nothing additional to add regarding the anthrax letter mailings. L lnever worked witN lon any projects or experiments. ll I I remembered l i a s being reasonable clean anFd;;.;.___..., neat but l~t~w~a~s~a~workirig lab~ a lot of things going on. I lhad no knowledge of any growths or colonies that a~pearect~-t~o~ be possible bacterial contamination of viral cultures. l r USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012044Anthrax Page 424 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --- oo , Page _.....;6::...__ ..::: I 1"'\1""""!""':- ~.0.- ;-; ....- Continuation ofFD-302 of - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - , On 04/2 0/2 0 OS could not recall seeing a lyophilizer inc==]or outside in the hallway. I !remembered the following types of equipment in r---l safety hoods, animal housing facilities, piperettor, and :Prate reader. ldid not remember seeing any unusual pieces of equipment in the su1te and did not know if there were any plates or containers that might have been growing bacteria. I Jcould not specifically remember being in a hot suite withl rbut a review of the access logs agreed that robably .in wit~ for the times and dates shown. was in as a guest and was probabl checking on the status o t e mice involved ide::J pro'ect. was not sure which area of th s I? had no knowledge of whether kep&:::j area o t e ab clean and free of trash, cleaned with Microchem, ate or drank in the lab, or what condition leff c=J ecr:dpment with which I I worked. ldid no ow if_ J acted carelessly i~e lab with regard to safety, risked exposure to pathogens unnecessarily, acted risky in the lab, or seemed concerned with obtaining vaccinations thatc=Jneeded o~ was required to have. L: a I I I what equipme~nworked with in t e a . knowledge of having a~ lab equipment broug any other suite for use. I lhad no knowledge of .___ _ _"'-""'_-otoY,one else remmo any la equipment from a.hot suite. never sawl Jin a shower area. n: did not recall hearing about I ____. .... being in ~a-n-y~b-a_c_t~e riology suites. ..... did not see anyone working on anything if ~n area or su1te w ere such work was not routinely conducted. _ lwas not aware of any unusual decontaminations being performed. I lwas not aware of any animals dying of an unknown cause. I There were probably places where someone could have grown Ba without anyone knowing because there were multiple incubators which multiple people used for different projects. One individual would not necessary have known what another individual was working on at a particular time. USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012045Anthrax Page 425 of 1446 FD-302~ (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C o 04/20/2005 ,Page _::)_ 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of _..____________....J..------- ,On I did not know if there were ever any bacterial cultures o~r~b-a-c~t-e-r~ia1 work conducted in the Clin Lab. USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012046Anthrax Page 426 of 1446 D"J I I b6 J..-v\~W~-22.1..~~\,- \.:)~~~0l--:t'W- \?.Z8 BACK PAGE o o USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012047Anthrax Page 427 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 05/03/2005 b6 b7C bearched the ~--~!.database for any recor -~-:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~ security number 280-44-5449. VINS 1n or IVINS. February 10, 1997. of IVINS was complete on u y 1 , . Secret clearance on September 29, 2004.1 pdvised that the investigativ~ ~JJes are mai~tained by the Ottice of Personnel r-~...;...;;;;~;......;., I b6 Management. l . lcovtac~o at the qffice of Personnel I Management are Jand[ ].~----~ Jat telephone number Investigation on File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -~'('&_,a Date dictated ~------------------ n/ a ~----------------~----------~----------------------------------------; J I Postal Inspector This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; ~---------1 it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. I Iwrd., . USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012048Anthrax Page 428 of 1446 o ,....;..2:.....7w.9u;Z\I.,;;;,J,(TAUJoJR~.:.=;- 2 2 2 9 3 6- USAMRI ID I - \ 1.S \ 1 o b7C Agent ( S A ) [ o f the Federal Bureau of Investigation on May 05, 20 : Social Security ~~~~~jh~~~M;~~~~~~~:Date of Birth (DOB): I Medical Resea Institut of ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L------------,--~was the On May 05, 2005 at approximately 8:50AM, a canvass of the employee parking lots aj USAMRIID for al lmet with positive results. Six lwere identified, however, r----l information indicated none of the vehicles identifi~e registered tol I Investigation determined thel lwere registered to the following individuals~=----------------~ ~:a tQllQ~irg investigation was conducted by Special comes back re (Attached to each copy of this communication are photocopies of the above mentioned NCIC records.) D USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012049Anthrax Page 429 of 1446 NAME/BRUCE EDWARDS IV!NS.HGT STREB SERIAL-FLG/NONE . * END OF DATA * *** NLET RR RESP #56521 o P.05 ot'lf" . .'! .-.>iii" ". . t~ TITLE?-~F~L~G~~N~O~NE=--.----------------------------------------~ FOR CLARIFICATION OF DATA TAGS SEE MD. NLETS HEL~ Fl~~33ittl .i .... ,. <1-1o !<"[ '1"1' :t ??~?~ ... "'1' "'' ,... .',wp:; ?.o :7"' -? ,.;.o . ?~?I -? -- ----?-----------?-?--?-?---?-------??--- ______ _:r_.::;r i ~te: 5/5/2005 Time: 11:43:50 AM USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012050Anthrax Page 430 of 1446 I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \?..~'t o "' o I 1 The following investigative steps were conducted by Postal InspectoJ.___ ___. .___ _ ___.bn approximately April 5, 2005, or otherwise indicated by the dates below: was survived by son_ _ __ -~~- _and widow MARY IVINS. Obituary of MARY IVINS indicated that s e was survive y sonl survived by son Brur:-deri~ ;"fd. Obituary of C. WILBUR IVINS indicated that he Copies of the abovementioned. obituaries were received via the U.S. Mail on April 13, 2005. One obituary mentioned J3RUCR~YINS: T. RANDALL IVINS died in 1985 and was I Attached hereto and considered part of this document are the original order form, a copy of the USPS money order receipt, and the receipt form, obituaries and a copy of the envelope received on April13, 2005. USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012051Anthrax Page 431 of 1446 Warren County Ohio Genealogical Society Mail Order Photocopy Request The Warren County Genealogical Society has an on line index to 40,000 obituaries plus on line name indexes for many of the Genealogical Society publications at http://www.co.warren.oh.us/genealogy/ These publications are available for review at our resource library. If you cannot visit in person, copies oft]1e individual pages are available by mail for $1.00 per page with a $5.00 minimum. Obituary Request. Surname (Must include all of the info~ation as listed in the on line index) Given Name Year V13~ Page r "lin <.S c. \.()\\ 0\J\ \v~o..{\..\ 't<c..Y"ld~\\ :C-.,j\V\S ?:c\1IV\.,::; ?:cznY\c:::::. :t:'v\V\ -::t\1?~ v'\S :S:'i\VlS ?~ kQ.\o~\ A:(\ 'II K~vx\ct\\ 'T'k~~\ G'a-.6'1-s ~\(GuvY\) L"' s<-t ( '1 ::to \'1CS5 1~5 S'o Z...3 23'T 30 =t9 =flo C\a.~ A 13lo_.~ I lo l91'8 Vi~ 5Lf Publication Page Re,quest (must include the Publication Name & Page Number) I Name of Individual I Year I Publication Name I Page PLEASE PRINT Name: Mailing Address PRICE ($1.00 for each item listed above) _ _...;,.~-?1:_.__,_,_0,_,0""'--- I b6 b7C 7% SALES TAX (Ohio Residents) - - - - - - Please provide your phone number and email address in case we need to contact you about your order Your Phone Number_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Your Email address_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ II Total Price ($5.00 minimum) _ _!_~.!.-:.-'0.:;..0=-Make checks payable to The Warren County Genealogical Society Mail order to Warren County Genealogical Society 406 Justice Drive, Lebanon, OH 45036 Phone: (513 695 1144) Email: [email protected] USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012052Anthrax Page 432 of 1446 ;)~~~%f::~~. ' CUSTOMER'S RECEIPT I I ~~~~~~~=~~~. :-.:l~~:~;~:~~~~IM ,:~,? > I \\ ~~~~~~w~~~~?. ,,! .;. Nor :?~,? '?"?",.,. . .,. _,., . ,_, o. ~~OT~~B'L~ ? . ,_ ?:. 'SEEil/tKli.'TIIISR~ 11 WA. CO. GENE. SOC. ? 406 JUSTICE DRIVE LEBANON, OH 45036 ' ril lt!IJu,/Jlu,fl!Jffl,!l,,l,ll USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012053Anthrax Page 433 of 1446 WARREN COUNTY o GEN~~LOGfCAL SOCIETY o rl ' \ rll"~ ?Oa,(tort.:.W..~:J.:J..."'"'"'!;i....J".IQ...'I"\~~e...:::=--------.:...-....;_---, <=C?1-A.J?' ... 3j_~ ;1 406 JUSTICE DRiVE LEBANON, OHIO 45036 .PHONE (513) 695-1144 SURNAME/S SE;\RCHING V/K-=t'N b7C sources Available to the Research Library: ~arriage Index, 1803-lS02 __wills & Estates Index, 1803-1900 __Deeds Index., 1800-1830 ___ Birth Records Inae~, 1S07~l~ Death Records Inae~, 1909-1925 =Beer's 188t Hi story of Warren county __obituaries take~.frQm the Wes~ern Star 1 1919 thru 1~44 & 19i1 thru ~esent. __cemetery Records __surname & Family Files ~w~rr.en co. Cerysus (microfilm), 1820-1870 1AcJ." ,.,., i / ~2;,.;.,; r/.7# (jo.v tfu~ .. '4z. All profits'from our research goes to improving our library.Zfwe have Do paid employees. . . . If at any t1me you reques~ further research, please include the file number listed ai the top of'this sheet. ? Your ancestor charts and famil~ gr.oup sheets are always a welcome addition to our shelves. Those individuals who are searchina the same families will each be notified so they may compare notes .. Your real aai.n is a-kin you di&r't know -e::dst~;:d. ? reqr. TifT & Return with Your check. Research Time - @$10.00/hr. copies~@ $.15 ea. Postage & Handling Total amt. due Make checks p~abl~ to Warren Date Mailed CG~ Gen~ Soc. and send to address as listed on top of page. Fi e No :1.. Please include No. on your check ~ .i/,.9~ 6 f/% 5" ) sine Res ear WCGS USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012054Anthrax Page 434 of 1446 oo I o ./ c. W. Ivins C.Wilbur Ivins 67, well known Lebanon dr~st, died s_uddenly Wednesday afternoon in Sarasota, Fl0rida where he was spending the winter, Funeral services will be held at Sarasota on Saturday afternoon but the ~.. body will not be P'fought to Lebanon until 1ater. Mr. Ivins had been in ?.the retail drug business at Lebanon for forty years and since 1919 Clarence Jameson had been associated with him in the business. Surviving are the widow, Mrs. Mary Ivins; one son, T. Randall Ivins,Lebanon; and three brothers, Howard W. Ivins, Lebanon attorney, Dr. L.T.Ivins,retired dentist, of Ciccinnati, and Lee Ivins, of Fort Wayne Indiana. Franklin Chronicle 27 Jan. 1938 Mrs, Anna Leight Leight, the late wife of Fred Leight, of Red L~on, died Tuesday evening at six o'clock at the Middletown Hospital where she had been taken earlier in the day. Her death followed an extended illness at the ~ome of her son, Frank Leight, in Red Lion In addition to her husl::and andfson she is survived by one daugpter, Mrs, Ruth Wo~n of Franklin, and three grandchildren, Doris Ann, James and Frederick Funeral services will be conducted on Friday after? noon at two o'clock at the Unglesby Funeral Home in Franklin, Burial will be in Milton, Ohio ~? 27 Jan. 1938 (Franklin C~onicle) I :. J USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012055Anthrax Page 435 of 1446 Hurwich, Saul 10 June 1954 o Hutchinson, Russell o ... TO'SAUL HURWICII Associated With? Fashion: Shoppe Many Years; Rites Tuesday . ' ILLNESS~ IS FATAL , ?. . .. 11 Feb 1954 L BrotU..er rOf' Local :~~~?~tir~:.J~~??? o.:?~":o ? >.l.UUAY,.\~"'ii; . Resident Called !:~~~?ffilr~AD~r;~ . Irwin, Ansel 9 Dec 1954 ? --- ;. > Following an illness o! several" months, Saul Hurwich, aged: 60,.. ~ied Sunday .at Jewish Hospital in CindnnaH where he had been :t.? . patient for several weeks. ?f He had been associated with hi~? wife Ruby in The,Fashion Shoppe . madl', -- her~or more than 35 years. -A: i graduate of University o!' Pitts~' . burgh, he was an attorney ancf practiced law for a time Pitts-' Hutslar, Esther o burgh~ He was ~ ~~mber of Let>7; 27 May 1954 ? ? anon Lodge of'. Masons_ Scottbb. ? . ? ? 'R~te. past? exalted.in Cincinnati/and a~d,,Shrine ruler of the Leb-~ was anon?'L'odge ?ot> Elles.:-'7::-:;:-.-;:;;;.;:::?,_, ;:--:::-: , . . .? ? ? ? ?" ? Funeral' servic~.s .'\Ver.e.J~etc(~t.tf p. m. ?Tuesday. at Weil ?!Fnnerat; \? Home in Cincinnati' With,;. buriaU%1'7 . o o ? -? . .'Y.?~~~t)Iill:r{.J'ewis~~~teey!~"ti :; Bes.t~es:h1s '\wife ;:,lle-.."lea'Ves ,:~cme;; ! Ru:::~t'll A. Hutchinson of Toledo, brolhl'I'~I'S. Halph L:.>wi::;, was in n ll(oo?ious condition and ton his way to Photonix, Arizon.:t. :\ft?. Lewis a~companied his brothl'r-inlaw but ~~~?. Hutehinil~ri couldn't continue his fight fot? li!(l and in ~ti'W Mexico passeJ awn~? on ~Jt. ut?ci~t;., Fl'bt?uary !i, at 10 p.m. llh?. Ltwis is atot?ompanying .the bo:ly home, a!Tivipr Wt><h:":<duy. N. funt>I'U) 1\l"t'a!Jgcments hav~? h~?ton ' o in LOUISWtA ?woMAN' ?, JS?? ?. COUNTY.'S' SIXTH. ' .... . ? ?...., ~ . ','!..-.A.nsellnrin;?ated.S7, Wello~own. Mason' resident,~ died-~Manday.o at his home? followin~-. an .Ubieas ?~o! one year: He? had been asaoclated , with Muerinich Motors until: recently. ~ ;. ? ~. ?? ., ? ??? ?,? .' . ? Funeral services will be held? at. !i p. m.? Thursday at 'Galllmore i Funeral Home? with burial in Rose Hill Cemetery;~ ;, ?. .~: ? ? .. ?survlvinr are his wi!e, Lucille, two daughters, Mrs, Eleanor Moler, F:lorlda; . Mra. ?Pearl Bl'!an, near Mas'on; two sons, Glenn and ?clifford Irwin o!, . Mason and ?a brother, Will Irwin o! Masono Friends , nre asked to omit !lo.wers??? and contribute tO? the , War~ren ? C~unty 'cancer- So~iety... ? "' 1 .. h ~: J'.' ~~ ?:t~~),. ;~-:" :!'?~1; ~l~?t.. :;;: ! b~~er-~~ ..:f'our-:mte~:~!':?\.~ ::~?:?z,: 'd .. ?. o o .. o '< " ... TRAFFIC ?VI CTIM ?M~~??M~rf-~., Ivi~s Servi~es Mo~day! I '1 . ivins, Mary. Randall 26 Aug 1954 : ~r " .?.?:.: . o. ;_: ' ' t' o o ':" o .,.... ;;"::.... .O.~t~:, Hytchin~ri?. : :? ,,,.(:< Sutcfifnhs? ?Af-t.s ::...o Funeral' services .for Otto ..Huto'chinson, aged 78, ?ol:' ClarkSville, noute~ -!,~retired f'armer who? died t M.iars Re.s t,Home.Sunday,?_?w,ere. .. ?? held at 10:30 a. m: Wednesday at ,yate?~F)Ineral .Home: 5in:::..Morrow owith: burial'::. in .;,Mairievule :' Ceme.= 'tery.;.He:hacf:be'ei:J..'in-:ill:lieaith. ?.for ? o ?h?t:?,.o --?~ ? ???? .;.. _.,, :.-,.~... .,. o . . . . . ,_ ..:'e1g ..?,.,,. "'7 ~?. ~~~7:?.?~~:..'\~:-.....:~-::~;,-;,.;~:~"...tq:~ . .:: . ~ %\ ( S . ...,....,rs ? '"'~'~???--?? ? ? ?-?: ""~. ''?""' ?? ?; ,,'': ~!Jpg~are,';hts:i:Wi!ej-'..Tressl<<?o? .a. - ?? ?.: ?? ." .? . Hutqhinson;- Otto 10 June 1954. . Killed Beneath Own Car In, Mason W ednesda~ Night . 'lllJC(. ? pa)\JOUl-{ .1~:> aq.r. ? ?.to~uJa(<lJ .. <~>''o ~ ?. -,.:-.:.::_ _::... .::?. .. ?. ?. 'o d~ll ,-;v,i~~ inves~igate.d, .reported Mrs. E.s~her Hutslar was en route to Sprmgfield to visit a nephew. She h<'- ..o came? tired o! driving and asked, her companion, Mrs. Gerhude! Haase, 52, New Orleans to re 1? 1eve h er. Th ey s t oppe d near t h e G a 11" , !.... ~ ?, i>h; "" ,~_ more. Funeral Home. By mistake, . ,, " o~'rth~t::"'Clil:''Riimro?-: Mrs. Hutslar left the car? in auto... o. . ?:1t.J:olffi.7o?..Bl&nchester Ro'ate matic drive. As'? she walked in '; :2f>;,:il!i{iritidehilciien~an(J:.f;it;t~t ,'! :fron't of the. . machine her com~ ~? '"::J:.;.1.Hd-i~?;;;o. ~, ...,. ,.,,,, ' ' ~ ,. ?. ;mE~.~~u. -~?Ji~~~:>~~tt!~~!.~~;;.~.! ?, panion ? sfepped ? on the" foot nc? " ' o : Warren? county's.. sixth? traffic? ~- ? ..; Hutslax:, down ? and ran .over: her. '?' .: In her excitement. Mrs. Haase '._'' : the:car? in ?.reverse and the .. _passe~ oyer her again o. Rushed to Mercy Hospital in . Hamilton,. sl-e ~;s. reported dead on arrival.. : .;?? ? .Tfie body was removed U) Littlelen Home it~? Sprlugfielo o. Her nephew? is ?Luther Dourhman ?a.B8irtant:.pofiee ?ehle!'?:of t:hat: clty-? .... ? ___,. .. oo . death of the year was recorded Wednesday nigh't .when a 56-yearold New oOrleans woman was killed underneath'_.her' own~ar in the village of 'Mason: Police Chief Efmer. wright, who Mary Randall Ivins,'' Aged. S2, died Fridny ni~ht at .Champion? Rl'st H'ome here- aft'er e::~:- te':ldl.'d)llnells .. Sh~ i''~s, :n li!e:long rE'sldcmt? of ubnnon nrld 'the' , dow oi C. Wi.Jtiur''? Ivhl:'l, ?.: wiueh?kna'Vl_l, L~bnron ,dt'Ult&i,st.: .. /, , ,;;,;. F.uneruJ? setvlc'cs were' held' Mon4 day 'nt th'c convcnieti'ce' of' th'c ftim~. 'ily? nt Os'V.'llld~ Funer'a'i Home \vith I ? burin! ?.il!. Lebn~on ~qen1e~ery: ? ? ? Mrs.? ,. . o - .,' ,. I An: wi- . '? SUl"VlVmg ar~ n. 'lion,.: T o.. Rnn- I ~t:.~! t,~~:be_?::~~~rjall.~.n~. ': ... o ?~ .. ~;~.?(~ .. Funeral ~ ) 23 USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012056Anthrax Page 436 of 1446 ~REHJ WATE BAl!J/DK1. Mrs. Mabel Ann Ivins, 84, died Aug. 12 at her residence, Lebanon, Route one. She is survived by six daughters, Mrs. Grace Bannest and Mrs. Dorothy Sieler, both of Lockland; Mrs. Catherine Jones, Mrs. Esther Carey and Mrs. Martha Jean Dunn, all three of Lebinon, and Mrs. Helen Hauck of Sardinia. Also surviving are fo\ll' sons, Otarles, Leroy and Clayton, all of Lebanon, and Edward of lAckland. Other survivors in? elude 31. grandchildren and 22 great grandchildren. Ftmeral services were held .,Saturday at the O;wnld F't!:!eral Home with burial in Bethany Cemetery. Mabel Ann Ivins ? ? 1'1 ,fv.:; ,,..,o Stella Jameson Mrs. Stella Jameson, 93, of 111 Mound St., Lebanon, died on Jan. 12 at Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton. She wa.s a lifetime member of the Lebanon Presbyterian, Church. Funeral tlervlces will be conducted at 2 p.m. today (Wednesday) at the Oswald Funeral.Home with burial in the Lebanon Cemetery. Mrs. Jame100 is survived by two daughters, Mrs. Clark Weamer and, Mrs. Cecil Griest both of Lebanon, one granddaughter, and three great? grandchildren. .f-9"''' :no 1 y. will be fft MfdJnt 1' . . .1C't.~14C Gardens. . ?,. l :. MiddletoWn- HoiPJtaJ. Surviv.fng are hfa .. ?tti~;c~.'-??? . ?: . 'i p.m. todaY" at ~ Funeral . . With. John Swiftt olff~t:Jaun,: , 9 0~ ~~~.;, o:r.~. ' Services fot I.:etcber Ji.llui~~ 71, of 1~ Helaine Dr:, ~DiUD~ formerly ol 8596. S. Miamilburl; will be, .Letc1ier Johnsan'~i ???~~?~,_:. . . . "'; h~.. ; ~ I .. Mr ..J~?died' . o'\" ; Rose; two Funeral services and burial for Harold Bradden Janney, former Warren County resident, were held May 7 at Dayton. Age~ 70, he died there May 5. Sur? viving are the wife, Mary Sopbial. Heaghman Janney; a daughter, Barbara K. Sloan of OakwOod, and five grandchildren. A son James died two yeari ago. Harold1'119-i' Janney B. 1170 :t.o ~? Franklin, and Samuet: Of. Redond~ Beach,. Calii.;.- ?a brother, Fred' of Franklin;-. a mter, Mrs. Ollie Stampet "ot Morris Fork, Ky.; 8n4.:; four. grandchildren. . ? lau;'.? ? Joe S. Johnston Funeral services were held Monday for Joe S. Johnston, 78, of 13 Wilson Road, Fairborn. Formerly of Waynesville, Johnston died Friday at his residence. ,U. 0~ l'f'7tJ He was a retired employe of National cash Register and a member of the Krypton's Kentucky Lodge, number 905 F &AM. He is survived by his wife, Ollie; two daughters, Mrs. Flossie Payne of Phillipsburg and Mrs. Amanda Carwile of Dayton; ,three sons, John W. of Springfield, Chester L. of Dayton and Denman G. of Texas; one bother, Wesley of Richmond, Ky; ? 12 grandchildren, seven great grandchildren and several nieces and. nephews. Funeral services were held at 2p.m. at Seven Pines, Ky. Burial was at Seven Pines Cemetery. Stubbs.Conner Funeral Home was in charge of arrangements. Elsie Jc.n.. y /t:t70 Johnston .22. Elsie K. Johnston, 74; of Route 1, Lebanon, passed away July 18 at the West View Nursina Hpme. She is survived by a daughter, Mrs. Marlin Watkins, o! Lebanon; a son, Paul W., of Winchester; and four grand? children. Private burial services were held at 10:30 a.m. this morning (Wednesday) at Oswald Funeral Home, Lebanon, with interment at Sp.ring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. John e.E. '7James " lUi' I~ () John E?. James, 70, of 445 South . East St., Lebanon, died last W~dnesday in Middletown HOipltal. He is survived by his wife, Ruth; one son, Dick; and a ? brother, Herschel, all of Henry Johnston ,22 Jl/t.Y 1'170 :;.Jaanon. ~~; ~al services were held at 2 p.m. Saturday. at Oswald Funeral Home in Lebanon Burial was at Lebano~ Cemetery. o Henry Johnston, 59, Route 1 Morrow, passed away at Epp M~morial Hospital July 21. . Funeral services will be held Thursday at 2 p.m. ?at Vale Funeral Home, with 'interment at South r.e'banon Cemetary. Visitation wlll be today (Wednesday) from 6-9 p.m. He is survived by a son James, Route 1, Morrow; a daughter, Marlin Kersey, Dayton, two grandchildren; three brothens, Charles of Clarksville, Jess of Westboro, and Howard? of Wilmington; One sister, Neva Runyan, f?C 0~~: . . Paul Elton 'Johnston /'l PI'(] 197() Paul Elton Johnston of 909 Snider Road, Mason,. died February 12 at Christ Hospital in Cincinnati. He was 74 years old. Mr. Johnston is survived by a sister, Anna McKibben of Dayton, and a brother, Homer Johnston oC Snider Road. Funeral services were held on Saturday atl p.m. at the Shorten Funeral Home In Mason. Burial was in the Monroe Presbyterian Cemetery at NlcholavUJe. USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012057Anthrax Page 437 of 1446 illJC LASS I F I E . 60 UC .u.n.<o 1 "''"'?' > o 30. Lester? J. Hulbert, 88, of 4999 Waynesville Road. Oregonia, died Saturday, June ~.at Grandview Hospital, Dayton. He was a retired carpenter and a 'member of the Carpenters' Local Union. ? He was preceded in death by his wife, Abbie Alma. He is ~urvived by one <;laughter, Sue Kilburn of MiamisBurg; one grandson; and one nephew.. . Funeral seryice was held Tuesday. June 4, at the StubbsConner Funeral Home in Waynesville.-?Burial was in Evergreen Cemetery. West Carrollton. ? ..tr ...JUNa 'Lester Hulbert ,. ?. /~8..:1: J Leaola Hursh. 86, formerly of Middletown and Lebanon. died ? Friday. April 5, at Bethesda Hospital, Cincinnati. She was preceded in death by her husband Lewis Hursh Sr. in 1952. She is .survived by two daughters, Elaine Jordan of Darien, Conn., and Mildred Crane of Lebanon: two sons. Robert Lee Sr. of Cincinnati with whom she made her home for the past 24 years. and Lewis Hursh Jr. of Springboro: ~4 grandchildren: and 18 great grandchildren. Funeral services were held Tuesday. April 9. at Vorhis Funeral Home. Middletown. Interment was in Woodside Cemetery, Middletown. I-, lt S'" T. Randall Ivins, 80. formerly of Lebanon. died Wednesday, Marfh 6. in Freder~ck. Md .. where he lived. Mr. Ivins qperated Ivins Pharmacy in Lebanon from 1950 to 1971. After his retirement. he worked as a substitute teacher in the Lebanon schools. He was a member of the Lebanon Elks Lodge 422 and the Lebanon . Masonic Lodge 26. He is survived by three sons. Thomas of Middletown. Charles o( California and Bruce of Frederick, Md. . Services? were? held Monday. March 11. at the Oswald Funeral Home. Leoanon. Rev. William Johnson officiated. Burial was i?n. Lebanon Cemetery. Memorial donations can be made to the American Heart Association. J 3?? MA F\. . I 7- APR. Leaola Hursh s Iq ~ Forme?warren County resi? dent Arnold W. lames, 67, of Ket?tering, died Sunday. Oct. 13, at home. lames was a member of the Lebanon Eagles Lodge and the Lebanon VFW. He also ?was a member of the" South Park United Methodist Church, Dayton, and the John Durst Scottish Rite. He retired in 1984 from Alemite Co., where he was a district sales manager. Survivors include his wife. Catherine: a daughter. Barbara Lincoln of Kettering: a brother. Earl Emerick of Hot Springs, Ark.: aQd two grandchildren. Services will be at 10:30 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 1-7, at the Routsong 1 Funeral Home, Oakwood and Irving avenues, Oakwood, with the? Rev. Walter Custer officiating. ? ? Calling hours will be from 5 to 9 p.m. today (Wednesday. Oct. 1,6) at the .funeral home, with Masonic services at 7 p.m. Burial will be in David's Cemetery. Kettering. 16 .~rnola Iame''lt!' oo u Mollie Jackson, 97. died Sunday, Sept. l, at the Quaker Heights Nursing Home, Waynesville. Survivors include three daughters. Gladys Elkins, Frieda Petty and Fon Eva Brown: two sisters, Matilda Owens and Nettie Statton: and 20 grandchildren and 31 great-grandchildren. ? Services were held Wednesday, Sept. 4, at the Breitenbach Funeral Home, Middletown . Burial was in Woodside Ce~etery, Middletown. r SSPT. Mollie 'Jackson JctiS" 1q flv Nora N. Jadwin, 94, of the Otterbein Home, near Lebanon, died there Wednesday. July 10. A memorial service will be held at the convenience of the family. ? li .JUL..'l Nora Jadwin ~ , Chauncey Jeffers ~tl?f'$./J, /95'5. .'. Randall lvinso ) . Rev. Chauncey .E..Jeffers, 95,' of the Otterbein Home, near Lebanon, died Wednesday, Feb. ~I sLe~ Iorns !!~ 13, at Middletown Regional Hospital. Lena rtrns. 92. East U.S. Rev. Jeffers was a graduate of 22-3. Morrow. died Tuesday, Taylor University, Wesley? Sept. 3 at Bethesda,Care Warren Theological Seminary. He was for County following a traffic acci70 years a minister in the dent. Methodist Protestant, the Lebanon, she was a." Methodist, ?and the United? Born member of the Lebanon Methodist, churches. For the past 1 Presbyterian? Church and a seven years, he was active In charter member of the Warren volunteer service at the Otterbein County Historical Society. Home. Survivors include a son. He is survived by his wife, EmHerschel of Williamsburg. Ky.; a ma Jeffers; two sons. Glen of sister, Lucy Settlemire of Xenia: Fostoria and Harold of Chester and one granddaughter. Hill: two daughters, Mrs .. She was preceded in death by Rosemary Osborn of Newark and three sisters, Helen Chamberlain. Mrs. Miriam Wagner of Dayton: Etta Nixon, and Grace Middleton. 16 grandchildren and l:4 greatand a brother, Walter. grandchildren. Services were held Friday, Memorial services will be held Sept. 6, at the Lebanon Saturday, ?Feb. 23, at the Otter? Presbyterian Church with the bein Home Chapel at 2 p.m. Rev. Rev. William Johnson officiating. ~WHam: McOmber will officiat~. Contribt!t~o~s may be ~at;le to . Burial . w111 . be in .Otterbein Cemetery. \ either the Warren ,County Historical Society or the Lebanon Presbyterian Church. The Oswald Funeral Home, Lebanon, was in charge of arrangements. 19 in USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012058Anthrax Page 438 of 1446 .. ;.?Miii~JJ.:lliglesIngles 76 of 11~~? ?LEBANON ?.::! MlltOn 1 hfs home Thursday. He was preceded in death? by his wife, M. Jeanette, in 1983. ? Survivors include a dau~ter, Mrs. Jo Anne Adkins of Cellna, three r grandchildren_ and a great\o gran'deh.lld:: ~ ? ?Funeral 'Services? will be at 11 a.m. Monday at the Oswald Funeral Home here. Burial will!ollOW""at Miami Valley Memory Gardens. ? ? Visitation will be Sunday !rom 2 to 5 and 7 to 9 p.m. al the funeral home. ?Celina,? formerly of Lebanon, dled at i in Middletownt th? Re~ ? George Klein officiating. Bur.tB;l 'Yill follow at Woodside Cemetery..V.JsJtatlon wilJ;be ?Tuesday from 7to.9 p.m. at the W.ilron-Schramm Memorial Home in ?Middletown. ? b t ,. Memorial contributions may e .sen 'ti> . the ?American .C~ncer Soctety, .asbe~tos?Eesearch. ? ty' 'chur~n J;P. Lou~s !0?~ a.:.. ce_~:-.,s,s e.t~-?.t\::... r.~.~~:: ? ,:.MUdred'.f. Morton: of, BradentonJ:~ ?l' ?Fla.. Mrso. Margaret: ?~J!t~~s.~.9(;Madtson. Fla. and Mrs,,.?Ciara ? Price ? of\ Glendale.. Calif.: two "' :?y;.;; ? granddaug_h ters ..??-? ,.,.. :<:,'it,:... ... ?<? :.. ~,.~ :?ervtc;es.~ill be h~td~~-tijl~ay!~"? '2o1' ?? ?' ,. ?? ~t--th .~..N. __ov.: ?,.,~-t~t.. ,, 2 -.P?q:trf"tt~i . e-. l;Jnglesb,y::j\nderson . F'~neral. ? ffome;~:~!ll\Jf.n, wi~:.J:J,l~ .Rev. James Maggard . off~ciating. ? Burial :? ?WiJI.; be ?in Spi:fngboro ? Cemetery. Visitation will be Wednesday. Nov. 20 from 4 to 9 ? p.rri. ?afiite?'fiirieraJ iloin"e:? ? ? li:~obeF.rtl ~d t?hre~~~:ie~~.ht~~~~~MIP1.~l: f' Louis (Bud) Jeffery, 66, of 44/ Skokiaan Driveo. Franklin, diedj r -? ? -? o o?o ? - - ..-. --?--'-??--,.......: 1 Nov. 11 at Middletown Regional Hospital. ? ?. . ? He- retired from Stone Container, Franklin in 1975. He was ?a veteran of World War II..o : Survivors include his wife. . Phyllis: oqe son. Tt;acy. h'!!Jte:: .daughters, Mr~. Diana. ~y~. of WeQster. fl~. a.I)~?,.Mri?.,,t~Jll?!t ?Moore of Fra.nklfm.flve~orotliers~?; I.Charles of HahisohF pf . i t:~r)t~Ie;~ ?.1 L'aH'Y;?~~'011:? ~?~?1flln:~1 Jeffery 11 ~ 1 ,y-.r .l.ta.iJ.Ul:l.ll J.l'lDS ~/7h LEBANON.- T. Randa!J Ivins, 80, o! Frederick ?Md., a former longtime Lebanon1resfdent, dfed Wednesday at Homewood Retirement Center in Frederick where he had resided the past year. He operated the Ivins Pharmacy here from 1950 to 1971 and was a substitute teacher fn Lebanon schools after retirement. He was a member of ? the Lebanon . Elks ?Lodge 422 and Lebanon Masonic Lodge 26. ? He is survived' by three sons, Thomas of Middletown, Charles of California and Bruce of Frederick, and three grandchildren. Services will be at 11 a.m. Monday at the'Oswilld Funeral Home. Burial will be in Lebanon Cemetery. Visitation will be Monday one hour before 'services at the, funeral home.o .1. o w. at ifames'? . .':?'JQ~;~n~P. '- ' t..:?-:;-,?~. .:~ \i\N ~8 J 0 hDSOD.:J?-7~ ,<?::Tbel ?a,?~.urvivors...Jri?li.td~. Jtis: wife; 'I. ? 19'].S"" ".lji~? five sons:-?Fred and!Terry of J. ;~patle t'for two ?weeks. He had beeq ill .. ?. ?. "~, Mr ~Johnson was born in? Madtson :"'lora ongperlodoftime.' ? . >!, lng o ~ C~rl sle and Kenny, Ted and Everett of .: MrJ Neal Johnson, 59, 234 Waln~t .. Mt~Ietown; his mother, Mr8. Randa ~Ave., died Monday, Nov. 18, at Ketter- ? Job ~on of Waco, Ky.; four .brothers 1 ~edlcal Center where he had been a J .H :, rd of Waco, Lawrence of Glendale' WhUl 0 Russell of Clearwater FI and? a Mrs Ky., mo S VIces were held Friday at the ,.. 'fder .~co. In Middletown. He? held the . Un esby-Anderson Funeral Home with ?'rank of sergeant In the U.S. Army dill' lh.e Gwinn officiating, Burial ? .' fng orld War II and was a member of . in Sprmgboro Cemetery .:: Bethhny Baptist Church. ? , - ? ;? .15 'sle ea for most of his life. He had ..~work d as a foreman at the Valley Sheet ;~couiy, Ky.,. and had lived !n the Carli? wll~~ ~v, Lo~a Id of Middletown; and two si~ters Bonnie. Morton of Nicholsvme' and Mrs. Doris Turpin of Rich~ , !\Y.; and five grandchildren. :Dhle?Ave;, Frankliii, died Jan: 21 'at Gfandview Hospital, paytort.' He is survived by his wife, B~t- ty; sen John Jones of Dayton; ,three da,ughters, Mrs. Linda Dalton of Carlisle, Mrs. Susan J:!raycraft -of Fran~?-1.~tl ~.. lAi.tise. Hall of Michiga.p; .two? brothers, Arthur of Missotirl and 'Earl;? of Zanesville; two?:?sisters, Mrs. Rose Burden of McComb and Mrs. Lucille ? Atrash of? Findlay: 18 grandchildren and j three great-grandchildren. t l'unerai services will be held Thursday, Jan. 24 at 1 p.m. at the Unglesby, Funeral Home, Frankli:u. Visitation will be Wednesday, Jan. 23 from 4 to 9 p.m. at the funeral home. Burial will be at Woodhill Cemetery, Franklin . ., h~? Paili J .,,...o. ?~~ ,: ?~?-~r. ~~3o ones o ...,,..r . .. ' .? ~? USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012059Anthrax Page 439 of 1446 -~El~lifW. lgci;~~?~Aa ??~--Eivf~-w:'igo,:7s~~ra?s?a{~r;nW FreQ.a B.::. Inloes... /_ o Charle~ lnnis,ti Ff!.S? t1CJ(; 7b CHAUTAUQUA....cMrs. Freda Blanche Inloes, 80, of 10041 Elanja Drive, Miamisburg (Cha~tauqua),?di~d at 7:10a.m. Thursday at. the f3arbara Parke? Care Center m Middletown. A homemaker, she was born on March ?1, 1915, in College Corner, Ohio, and fonnerly'resided in Oxford. ' . Mrs. I:h.loes is survived by her husband of 54 years, Louis .H.; tlp:ee sons, Bob of Fairfield, Ed ? of Ca~lisle and ..Gerald ?of San Antom~, Texas; ,a . da':-ghter, Marth~ L. Reese. ofMtam1::;burg; two sisters, H1lda Agnew of Eaton and Patty Master of Oxford;'. seven gra:ndchildren, Juli Reese, Diana Reese Clary and D~vid, J::iichole, J~rry, Stephen and Chnstoph_er Inloe~; and two great-grandchildren.. . She was preceded m death by .two grandchildren, Susan Reese in 1992 and Brett Inloes in 1977. Funeral services will be at 2 p.m. Saturday at t}le UnglesbyAnderson Fi.m~ral, 1357 E. Second St., Franklin, with the Rev. Ted Hols.tein offiCiating. Burial wilf be in Butler County Memorial Park." tt F!! a.-? 1q '1 y=.' - Madison Road, Mldgletowh,'died at - ?3?p.ni. Sunday, May 5, 1996, at his o residence .. ? Born In More. 'head, Ky., on i"Aprlf 1,'1923, ~ h"e lived here o .most of his. ? _ life. Mr. lgo . was employed - 'in w~'i'actory , at?lnland .Con- ? 'tainer Corp. for , 32 years. He , jetired in- . Mr. lgo ::.. 1984.- He was .. a member of the Fuii.Gospel Out~ 'feach Pentecostal Church of God .~ Surviving are his wife of 53 years, ?;carrie J.; three sons; Eddie LeRoy ? !go of Franklin and Richard and Jef";frey lgo, both of Middletown; a '-'daughter, Linda S. Nolen of Franklin; ? -eigf:lt grandchildren; two great-grand~"phildren;? a brother, Harry of Toledo; ?.'and a sister, Betty Jane Cecil of .. Morehead, Ky. .o ?. , He was preceded in death by three 'broth~rs, ?~eonarct,13uck and Roy lgo; and a sister, Myrtle Carroll. T ARRANGEMENTS: Funeral services are set for 2 p.m. Wednesday at the Joseph R. Baker Furieral . Home, with the 8eil. James Magg13rd officiating. Burial will be at Woodside Cemetery. ? ch? 1 F-.... ~.1:- Inni ? ? ? . ar_es: 1 ~= 1 ~?. 80, o(. Kings Mills, died. Mon~ay, Feb. 19 at BethesdaNort,h Hospital. ? .fie was? borri in 19i5 in Maineville and had been employed .in macl:iine repair With Ford Motor Co. He was an Army veteran. He ? \ . was preceded in death by his ?parents Lulu Mae (Kendle) and . Lucian Inilis. He is s~ved by wife Miriam (Boger) Innis; sisters Mildred Holden o{ Urbana and Janet McDanieL of Lebanon; brothers John of Dau+o R0 b rt f Bl . . cJ ~ n, e o ue ASp? and Lester of Montgomery;.. and?manynieces and nephe-ws: .. ? Funeral service was . held W?nesday, Feq. 2.1.at 1:30 p.m. at Tufts Schildmeyer Family Funen:U Chapel in Loveland With curial at Hopkinsvill c t e erne ery~ . - ...-:-_dlaQ.ys:-H9-zel (Gum) Ivins, s9{of:?tebarion,?..f~r m:ost ?of he~ life;_,tlied;.Monday, ..J~- !?2... . ....sh~"~Wl:i.s ?l:)orn. ., iii Mai:-linto~. ? . .wva~ -~\i ~r;rtt.if..:1966 to~:Hany ? D"~ arid writdsie ?FrWi~es"(Raillfo . ?o~.: slie:.rettred?m ?1973. 9iter .? '29 y~~s~cret~ for ~e .-warren.- couxity Board. 9f ?uucii1:tori an,d, was a member of ili&.tifb.anpn United Methodist ? ?chtirch:,:?and.. tQ.e .Lebanon,. . , . comniUnif.Yociub. ? ?. . ,siie. ?~a~ ?.~receded in death . . by?her_paren.ts; an9- husband cha.rles-on.Oct.~26, 1994.. .o~:visii~tion:~::l:ie ?Thursday, ?.\ ..... . . . ' .} o o ' GIC!dY~-:~yirl~ t.4l~~ rtf~ ? ?. a ~- ':"?~.~ r:~:.:. ,~ ~? ~ Jari?t?~2s~f~9:ni.~:s:..;,._p-:n1. _with funeral serVi9e ~r:Iday, .Jan. 26 a~.lO ....a.m .. all? at OswaldHoskins Funeral . Home, Lebanon? witli Rev. James? Ludwtc;k ?officiating. Burial Will follow in Lebanon Cemetery. USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012060Anthrax Page 440 of 1446 I o ~ James lnms ~ J ~}19" . . o .;!,~ James Robert ~Bob"in:nis, 84, a native of Maineville, died Friday. Jan. 2 at Blu~. Ash NUI'l:iing Home. He was a graduate engineer of the University of o oo I' Dick Irelan Iff tj Cincinnati .and was retired from Coulter Electronics J.nc. of Hialeah, Fla. ?? He was Past Patron of Fairmount Chapter 352 OES. Past Master of Excelsior Lodge 369 F&AM, member of the Price Hill Chapter 164 RAM, McMillan Lodge 141 F&AM, ValleY. of Cincinnati Al:tcient Accepted Scottish Rite, and was a member of the Crystal River, Fla. United Methodist Church. He Was prec-;1ed in death by his Wife of 53 years, Jean Blum Innis; parents Lucian and Lulu Mae Innis; brothers Howard L. and Charles F. "Tad" Innis; sisters-in-Jaw Bette B. Innis and Miriam B. Innis; and brother-in-law Robert McDaniel. He is survived by son James R. Jr. and daughter-in-law Carolyn C. of Harrison; grandchildren Julfa G. of Baltimore, Md. and Robert P. of San Francisco; sisters Mildred Holden and husband Travis of Urbana and Janet McDaniel of Lebanon; brothers Lester and Wife Ruth B. of Montgomery and John William ~Joe" of Dayton; brotherin-law Walter Blum Jr. and Wife Vrrginia S. of Mainevllle; and 18 nieces and nephews. ? Funeral service was held Tuesday. Jan. 6 at Paul R. Young Funeral Home, Mt. Healthy With visitation Monday, Jan. 5. . Burial was at Baltimore Pike Cemetery, Cincinnati. Fairmount 352 OES services were held Monday. Dick A. Irelan, 86, of Waynesville died Saturday, Dec. 19 at Otterbein-Lebanon. He graduated from Steele High School in Dayton and Ohio University in:Athens, where he was a Beta Theta Pi. He was a member of the First Church of Christ Scientist,. Centerville, Sons of the American Revolution Montgomery Chapter, Dayton, Dayton Masonic Lodge 147 F& AM, Scottish Rite, York Rite and Antioch temple all in Dayton, OES Chapterl07 in Waynesville, the Warren County Shrine Club, the Little Miami River Association (charter member) and past president and grand m.arshal of the Warren County 1 Fair Board. J He Wa.s preceded in death by J his s~ter Wilma Knowlton.. A o Clayton Ivins 111 f _ ,~M.; ?four daughters and sons-h;t?:'Iaw Patricia A. and Mark Mason ? of Waynesville, Lynne M. and Kent Lindsey of Chicago, Deborah J. . .and Gary Harlow of Beavercreek and Mary Beth Irelan of Georgetown, Ky.; grandchildren Victoria Williams, Jennifer Miroballi. Vance Vair, Gregg Harlow, Jeff Lindsey, Grant Harlow, Tiffany ?wilson-Mobley, Vanessa Woods, Hailey Beth Wilson and Layne Peden; nine great-grandchildren; and brothers Frank of Texas and Patrick of WaynesVille. Funeral service was Tuesday, Dec. 22 at Stubbs-Conner Funeriu Home, Way.nesville. If desired, contributions may ?be made to Shriners Hospitals or the First Church of Christ ?Scientist, Centerville. He is survi~~d-by-trls ;if;Lutl~ Clayton Blake Ivins. 85, of Lebanon died Saturday, Dec. 5. He was born Nov. 1. 1913 in Tulahoma, Tenn. to Harry L. and Mabel {Blake) Ivins. He was a World War II U.S. Army veteran. He worked for both Warren County and Turtlecreek Township as a mechanic before retiring from Doebler Brother;:; Inc. in 1978. He was a member of the Bethany Unit~d Church of Chtist. He? was preceded in death by his parents; brothers Charles, Leroy, Edward and Robert; and sisters Dorothy, Grace and June. SUrvivors include his Wife of 52 years, Shirley (St. John) Ivins of Lebanon; sons Richard of Cincinpatl and Randy and his Wife Cyndi of Evendale; daughter Gail and her husband Jeff Clark of Cincinnati; sisters Jean Dunn and Catherine Jones both of Lebanon, Esther Carey of Kissimmee, Fla. and He~en.~~uck of Hamden, Ohio; ani:l'"grandcllildren Rachael and Nicholas IVins. Visitation was Tuesday. Dec. 8 with funeral sel;Vice Wednesday, Dec. ?g all at Oswald-Hoskins ?Funeral Lebanon with Pastor. Allen Wentworth officiating. ?Interment was at Bethany Ceme.tery. ? . ? Me~orials are requeste<;l to the Alzheimer's Association, 644 Linn St., Suite 1026, Cincinnati, Ohio 45203. Home, / USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012061Anthrax Page 441 of 1446 FEDE-RAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcahon Fees are charged for Deleted Page Information Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted 27- b2, 28- b2, 29- b2. 30- b2, 31 - b2, 32- b2, 33- b2, 34- b2. 35- b2, 36- b2, 37- b2, 38- b2. 39- b2, 40- b2, 4! ~ b2, 42 -- b2, 43 ~ b2, 44 ~ b2, 45 ~ b2, 46 -- b2, 47 ~ b2, 48 ~ b2, 49 ~ b2, 50 -- b2, 51~ b2, 52 ~ b2, 53 ~ b2, 54 -- b2, 55- b2, 56- b2, 57- b2. 58- b2, 85 - b6, 86- b6, 87- b6. 88- b6, 90 - b6, 91 - b6, 92- b6, 93- b6. 94- b6, 95 - b6, 96- b6, 97- b6. Page(s) -49 b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b6, b7C, b7E b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012062Anthrax Page 442 of 1446 Page Page Page Pagee Pagee 98- b6, b7C 99- b6, b7C ! 00 ~ b6, b7C 101- b6, b7C 102- b6, b7C USAMRIID Section 6.pdf 012063Anthrax Page 443 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Attn: Date: 05/24/2005 Inspection Washington Field SSAI SSA ~--------------~ From: Washington Field Office Amerithrax-3 ~------------------------------~ Contact: SA :::===::--------~~;;~;;~ON mJCLASSIFIED Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID~ Title: (Pending)-\Oc~ AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 ?summarize the events surrounding the unauthorized surveys conducted by BRUCE\IVINS at USAMRIID in and April 2002, and to provide an assessment of motivations and documented actions. D To environmental December 2001 IVINS' stated Synopsis: Details: ~l Following is a synopsis of the events surrounding the unauthorized environmental surveys conducted by BRUCE IVINS at the United States Army Medical Res~rch Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) in December 200f and April 2002. IVINS' surveys occurred after the anthrax-laced letters mailed in September and October of 2001 were received at USAMRIID for examination. In the aftermath of IVINS' April 2002 survey, multiple investigations were initiated. The U.S. Army launched both Army Regulation 1~6 (AR 15-6) and Criminal )Bvestigation Com~nd (c!D) invest1ga~1ons. ACfcritionally, the I conducEea an independent query into the finding of Bacillus a~thracis (B.a.) contl!\,mination in "cold" (non-containment) areas 0? USAMRIID pursuant to the AMERITHRAX investigation. The overriding purpose of the compilation and summary contained herein was to provide a rigorous evaluation of IVINS' stated motivations and documented actions in relation to the unauthorized sampling missions. Information from the AR 15-6, CID and FBI investigations was compiled in order to construct a comprehensive summary of the events leading up to and in response to IVINS' survey results. Interviews and sworn statements USAMRIID Section 7.pdf D 012064Anthrax Page 444 of 1446 'o To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 F~id Fiel~ derived from multiple USAMRIID employees were assessed for details.related to IVINS' actions, statements and motivations. The individuals referenced herein were ~JJ !JSAMRIID empJoyees a~ the time of the environmental surveys. !, J ~--~~------~------~~~were provided 1n response to Federal Grand Jury subpoena #1228. Writer's comments, enclosed in brackets and written in italics, have been included throughout the summary. Comments include,observations regarding behaviors of USAMRIID employees, notable supportive and contradictory information, comparisons of results from multiple environmental surveys, and speculations regarding possible alternative explanations for IVINS' actions. The writer's comments are topics to be addressed during pending interviews. EVENTS PRECEDING IVINS' DECEMBER 2001 INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY samples were being processed initially in a BioSafety Level 2 II ldid not raise this (BSL-2) laboratory. According to I con,ern I as a huge issue. Additionally, j was not scared, nor did feel that other people's safety was threatened. 4 I During interviews with the FBI, IVINS~~----------~ stated independently that in the fall of 2001, after USAMRTTD the Daschle tainted with B.a.,l I received I concern that letterof the handling pro~c-e_d_u_r_e_s__i_n__t_h_e----~ some D1agnostic Systems Division (DSD) appeared to be unsafe. 5 According to IVINS, I !repeatedly voiced reservations re ardin the wa that incoming samples were handled during I ltold IVINS I lon severa occas1on~t safety and contaminat1on requirements were not being met byl__jfersonne~ who were inventorying and examininq evidence. 7 [was unsure about the specifics of I Jcomments, but indicated that! !statements occurred during normal office conversation. 8 Tol I it was not clear 2 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012065Anthrax Page 445 of 1446 .. To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 F~ld Fiel~ b7C whether procedures were really not being performed safely, or whetheJ procedures were just being conducted differently than I _had seen previously, andl !interpreted the differences to be unsafe. 9 Sometime soon after the incident love was never in the suite it was ~~~~~~~~a~c~c~o~m~p~a~n~l~e~~~e~~a~s~c~~~~~=-~o a small tube of carry to another ext eri fr was bleached. 10 laboratory. The tube wa~s~d~o~u~b~l~e~~~~~i~n~z~l~?o~l~o~c~k~s~a~n~d=-t~h~e~~ 1 l f e l t comfortable with the fact that there were no contamination concerns. I lwas not absolutely certain, but ....__~--:-~-----~ relayed to IVINS I lthat I I original concern about unsafe handling of evidence was no longer a concern. 11 [WRITER'S COMMENTS Relative to IVINS~.~~~----r----------~ described very different reactions tol lsafety concerns. During ~nterviews and in sworn statements,! I )minimized the discussions of and incidents related to safety concerns, while IVINS inflated them. referenced one or a few discussions, while IVINS indicated that I I ily" discussions regarding safety concerns indicated during an interview with the FBI that was no longer concerned with contamination issues following discussion with! !referenced the glove incident on multiple occasions durin interviews and sworn statements. Nei IVINS mentioned that I informed them of discussion with or that I I conveyed to that! lwas no longer concerned.] I I o the fall of 2001. soon after receipt of the Daschle letter at USAMRI ID, IVINS conducted prel'iminary work with the B.a. evidence. 12 IVINS was tasked with assessing the concentration of the anthrax powder in the Daschle letter. 13 IVINS entered the evidence into USAMRIID's suite B3, a BSL-3 laboratory, through the B3 pass-thru box. 14 IVINS stated that the contents of the letter contained a powder that was unlike anything he had ever dealt with previously. Upon examinati.on, the powder contained in the letter seemed to float easily in the air. 15 IVINS was surprised by the fineness of the powder and stated that "it floated around inside the hood like dust in the sunlight. " 16 IVINS stated that due to the ease at which the IIn Handlinf of the Daschle letter in suite B3 by IVINS and - I I 3 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012066Anthrax Page 446 of 1446 '?? To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 F~ld Fiel~ powder became airborne, USAMRIID personnel should have conducted testing within a laboratory that bore an overheard containment hood. 17 IVINS 1 DECEMBER 2001 INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY b7C IVINS' motivations for conducting an unauthorized environmental survey IVINS became concerned that the fine powder of the Daschle letter, as well as other potential anthrax letters and samples, were not contained adequately with the practices used at USAMRIID. 18 IV[NS disaqrjed withl !processing of the Daschle letter in Room_ _ as the BSL-2 laboratory was not adequate to contain aerosolized B.a. powder. 19 According to IVINS, I !commented "daily" to him that Oemployee laboratory practices were unsafe. 20 Based on conversations with I I IVINS became concerned about possible contamination outs~de the actual laboratories where the evidence was being handled. IVINS was also apprehensive that contamination of personnel might lead to contamination of areas outside the ~ainment suites. I !mentioned to IVINS the concern that L__jmay have been exposed to powder and possibly contaminated .' 21 Over time, IVINS' concern extended to the office area which c::J I I He felt that if there had been unsafe handling of evidence, thenl lcould have inadvertently contaminated the office. In December 2001, IVINS noted thatl lentire desk in roomc==]of Building 1425, was quite dirty. IVINS described c::Jarea as covered with an enormous amount of dust, debris and other material. IVINS, other areas in the office, including IVINS' e ks were not similarly dirty. Because of the condition of desk, and because he knew thatl lhad worked a great deal with B.a., both in his laboratory and in support of Operation Noble Eagle, IVINS wondered privately whether any of the dust and dirt onc:::Jdesk contained B.a. spores. 22 According to IVINS' thinking, if a spore was to fall in a dusty area, which had not subsequently been cleaned, the spore could still be present. 23 Therefore, in December of 2001, IVINS took the independent i~itiative to swab the officel~~--------------~--~~ I j 24 IVINS specified the following reasons as to why he decided to conduct random environmental sampling within his office around I I desk area: his experience with the powder in the Daschle letter, I !comments of possibly being expo~l lbeing administered antibiotics, and information thatl__jpersonnel did not utilize safety precautions. 25 4 o USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012067Anthrax Page 447 of 1446 To: Re: Washington F1eld From: Washington F1e d 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 o '1. b6 IVINS' December 2001 microbiological survey According to IVINS, he per9onally ard privately decided to obtain environmental samplings o f l d e s k , plate them on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) , and look to see if any colonies appeared that were consistent with Bacillus species. IVINS swabbed ~pproximately 20 areas of I ldesk, including the telephone, computer, and desktop. Tlie plates were taped, taken into the B3 suite and incubated overnight. The following day, the plates were examined for colonies that had a colonial appearance consistent with Bacillus species. Approximately half of the plates yielded one to two colonies that suggested Bacillus species were present. 26 The presumptively positive colonies were not examined by gram stain, nor were they examined for the presence of the plasmids pXOl and pX02. IVINS did not examine the colonies on capsule agar. 27 IVINS autoclaved and disposed of all the samples. I I of his findings, but was unsure if he actually ~~~~~~the samples. Because the possibility existed that desk contained some B.a. spores in the dust and dirt, ~I~V~I~N~S~d~e~cided to thoroughly cleanl I desk area, to include everything on the desk. 28 During one interview with the FBI, IVINS stated that he placed the computer keyboard and wrist pad in the pass-thru box to decontaminate them. 29 IVINS did not mention these specific actions during other interviews and in sworn statements. IVINS indica:ed trat he took no remedial measures beyond cleaning up desk because he did not consider the level of contam1na 1on to be significant. He did not believe that a full decontamination of the room was warranted based on the finding of a few presumptively positive spores. IVINS did not perceive himself or his coworkers to be at risk. 30 o L _ . .------....,1 desk. 31 ? ow 1n room With the exception ofl I IVINS told no one at the his swabbing efforts and findings. IVINS did not advise about the survey of D workspace, nor did he reveal to e finding of presumptive positive colonies. 32 IVINS provided multiple reasons for not reporting his actions. 33 Because he was concerned that records might be obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, IVINS did not keep records, nor did he verify the presence of B.a. on the cultures. 34 If the colonies were not B.a., IVINS felt he would have been agitating 5 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012068Anthrax Page 448 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 F~ld Fiel~ many people for no real reason. Additionally, IVINS had no desire to cry "Wolf!" simply because he had found presumptive colonies that were not demonstrated to be B.a. or even Bacillus species. If the colonies were B.a., he felt that he had effectjyely taken care of the contamination issue by cleaning I I desk. 35 IVINS reasoned that since USAMRIID personnel were extraordinarily busy at the time processing samples for Operation Noble Eagle, he believed that telling people of a potential breach of containment and that B.a. spores were inadvertently taken into non-containment areas would have served no beneficial purpose. 36 IVINS acknowledged, in retrospect, that although his concern for biosafety was honest and his desire to refrain from crying "Wolf!" unnecessarily was sincere, he should have notified his supervisor ahead of time of his worries about a possible breach in biocontainment. IVINS thought that quietly and diligently cleaning the dirty desk area would both eliminate any possible B.a. contamination, as well as prevent unintended anxiety and alarm at USAMRIID. 37 IVINS indicated that he did not seek permission to conduct the survey, and he did not voice his concerns about a ossible breach in containment because he felt that at the time, 1Sm1SS1Ve of concerns. I !confirmed that IVINS had informedr--ltwo days after he conducted an environmental survey ofl ~esk area in December 2 0 01 . 39 IVINS told I Ithat he had swabbed office fecause he was ~rned about the comments made by I _ IVINS advisedL___jthat B.a. appeared ~o be pr;sent in some of the samples. During an FBI interview, { i n d i c a t e d thatc:::Jwas not concerned by IVINS' news because it could have been anything, andc=J was vaccinated. 40 . _ I_ _ _ _ . [WRITER'S COMMENTS - IVINS' justifications of his actions following the independent sampling contradicted his explanation of motives for conducting the survey in the first place. If truly motivated by a concern of contamination on the cold-side of USAMRIID, upon evidence of such contamination, why did IVINS not pursue more extensive methods toward correcting the problem? How would improper handling of B.a. samples be corrected without passing along information that the current containment system was not working properly? Why even conduct the survey in the first place if he did not want to cause alarm, especially if he suspected that he would find contamination? IVINS had the courage to conduct the swabbing without command approval, yet lacked the initiative to inform the appropriate authorities when the results were presumptively positive? IVINS was obviously concerned enough about possible contamination to knowingly 6 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012069Anthrax Page 449 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 05/24/2005 e o violate USAMRIID protocol, yet at the moment his concerns were validated, he took no actions toward addressing the problems for the benefit of USAMRIID. f motivated by a concern for ~ why ~IVINS not inform of the presumptive positive r~from L__jdes~k~?----~ IVINS confirmed during an interview that he did n~om I I of his findings; however, reasons for not telling were not provided. 42 The assessment by IVINS that the leve o contamination within the office was not a health risk to himself, ~------------------~ did not diminish the significance of finding contamination outside of the hot suites. d IVINS lave conflicting accounts of exactly when he informed! :about the environmental survey. In IV~~? ~ 15-6 sworn statement, he indicated that he mentioned to~ that he was going to check! !desk in December an tol after he had done so that about half of the cultures were suspicious for anthrax. During other interviews, IVINS stated that he told I lof the swabbing after the fact. SPILL INCIDENT IN SUITE B3 ON APRIL 8, 2002 Description of Apfi7 8. 2002. incjdent jn suiteD On April 8 1 2002 1 _ I removed eight 2-liter flasks containing B.a. spores from a shaker incubator in roomc==Jof suite B3. The flasks 1 containing erythromycin-resistant erm+ ?B.a., were transport~ two trips on a Q o aboratory in rooml__jof suite B3. put t e as s ~n t e hood and noticed that the paper towe tape ~he cap of one of the flasks was discolored on the inside. oticed dried media on the sides of several of the flasks. notified everyone in the suite of the t t'al.e~posure and b~eached off the fl~sks. In add;'tjon. o b7C ot~f~ed 1~------~~-------------------~-----------r-------~ within minutes. were sent by to the ward for nasal swabs and evaluation. 42 ~------~ uite B3 environmental survey to perform surveillance cultures of mult~p e rooms ins~ e t e B3 suite on April 9-11, 2002 1 to determine the extent of contamination resulting from the spill. 43 Surface contamination by B.a. was identified in several o I Results o ~ns ructe 7 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012070Anthrax Page 450 of 1446 To: Re: Washington F"ld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fiel~ areas of the suite. Some of the positive cultures in the B3 suite were emr+, while others tested erm-. The erm-resistant (erm+) strain contamination followed! !tracks in the laboratory suite. 44 Approximately 31 colonies of B.a. were cultured from the handle of the B3 pass-box inside the suite. 45 The colonies derived from the pa~s-box handle were not tested for erythromycin sensitivity becauseL ldid not access the pass-box on the day of the laboratory accident. An erm- result was obtained for a colony from the B3 break room where the pass-box was located, indicating that the contaminating colony was not associated with the April 8, 2002, accident. 46 I ~as concerned thatl lfound contamination on the latch of the pass-thru box, as the area was the point of entry and exit from materials into and out of B3. 47 All areas with contamination were cleaned with 20% bleach and were negative upon resurvey by swab culture. __j_ !indicated that the level of contamination found duringc=:]survey of suite B3 was approximately the same as present on many o c c c e n routine surveillance was performed in the hot suite. 48 advised that c::::::::J findings did not appear out of the or ~nary or a laboratory environment. Though spores were located on the "hot-side" handle of the pass-thru box sam ling inside the box was negative, which indicated to that a breach in containment from the 11 hot-side 11 to the 1-r:--oor-r-_--s...,..~de 11 had not occurred. 49 Following the suite-wide sampling, @ e l d a meeting with thel !Division to adv~se o findings and to notify personnel that 11 periodic stElrilitv chec S 11 would be re-instituted immediately. 50 According tol ~ ~ I prior to the April 8, 2002 incident, bacteriological mon~tor~ng of the BSL-3 was not conducted routinely. 51 Until a number of years prior to 2002, weekly surveillance was performed. I Jbelieved that the practice stopped when anthrax research diminished and had not been reinitiated on a regular basis. 52 Contrary tol !IVINS felt that the total intensity of contamination froml lsuite-wide survey was greater than expected and also of special concern, since spores were found on the inside pass-box latch, as well as on shoes and articles of clothing in the hot-side change rooms. 53 On Monday, April 15/ 2002 1 IVINS suggested tol ~hat they also swab parts of the cold-side for possible contam~nation. IVINS suggested areas to sample 1 including his office 1 the cold-side of the pass-thru box/ and shower shoes in the cold-side men's change room. I ldid not understand why IVINS made this suggestion 8 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012071Anthrax Page 451 of 1446 (~ To: Re: Washington F}ltd From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fiel~ because there was no indication of a breach in containment from the hot-side to the cold-side. IVINS indicated that he was concerned about the pass-thru box because that was where B.a. entered into B3. !:n a~d~tion, he was concerned about an incident relayed in approximate!: No;e~er 2001. IVINS informed t at 1n November 2001, saw a USAMRIID scientis wear1ng a glove that had been 1n t e hot suite and carryjng the Daschlgsealed in a plastic bag. IVINS told I ~hat he and considered the incident to be unsafe practice, and that rried about contamination issues. 54 IVINS also informed that in December 2001, due to the aforementioned glove incident he swabbed ' desk in the office shared by IVINS, He read presumptive positives on a couple o , do any further testing to definitively determine if the spores were B.a. 55 ~~--~~ltold IVINS that if he never confirmed the B.a., then the issue was not worth talking about. discounted the importance of IVINS' results since consider the issue important enough to confirm the c::]felt that IVINS' concerns were an overreaction to a relatively minor incident. I !specifically told IVINS not to conduct any sampling without first obtaining approval from Q [WRITER'S COMMENTS - Interesting to note that in all of his interviews and statements regarding the independent survey, IVINS never mentioned conversing with! ~ nor did IVINS relay I !strong a1yjaement against unauthorized sampling. IVINS made no mention to his concerns regarding the analysis of the Daschle letter and powder in suite B3, or his perception of unsafe handling of B.a. evidence byr---l Despite being advised against such unauthorized actio.n;-1viNS went forward with his independent sampling mission.] bf IVINS' APRIL 2002 INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS o IVINS' motivations for conducting additional unauthorized environmental surveys I On April 11 or 12, 2002, IVINS became aware of the contamiJation incident in suite B3. In addition, he learned that _had conducted environmental sampling in the suite and 9 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012072Anthrax Page 452 of 1446 To: Re: Was h 1ngton F1e 1ngton F1e . -ld From: Was h' . 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 1' c=J F found several areas with presumptive positives for the presence of B.a. 59 On the following Monday, April 15, 2002, after thinking over the weekend and becoming increasingly more concerned about possible contamination immediately outside the suite, IVINS decided to independently conduct environmental surveys in areas likely, in his mind, to have been contaminated. IVINS acknowledged that he should have requested authority from his superiors to conduct the surveys, but he was afraid that it would have taken weeks before permission was granted due to 11 redtape. " 60 IVINS felt that he had a legitimate concern due to the possibility of the area being contaminated. 61 b7C F IVINS' April 2002 microbiological survey Without approval or consultation with anyone in the chain of command, IVINS swabbed a number of locations outside the Obiocontainment suite on April 15-16, 2002. 62 On April 15, 2002, IVINS surveyed the cold-sid pas~u box and the cold-side men's changin suit~ In addition, he again swabbed desk area. According to IVINS, he sampled the cold-s1 e o the pass-thru box because I lsurvey yielded a presumptive~itive for B.a. on the handle of the pass-thru box inside theL__Jsuite. IVINS swabbed the cold-side men's c ing room because he was concerned about shoes worn inside the suite tracking spores into the changing room. IVINS re-swab desk area because he was concerned that since was still working in and around the B.a. evidence, c::Jmay ave inadvertently contaminated the area. He also wanted to check whether he had done a good job cleaning the desk in December 2001. 63 On April 16, 2002, IVINS analyzed the results of the previous day's survey and found presumptive positives for B.a. on five of 25 samples. The positives were found on: 1) the molding by the pass-thru box, 2) the men's changing room table, 3) the shelf over the sink in the men's changing room, 4) oq top of the lockers in the men's changing room, and 5) on top of ~~-~~--~J computer hard drive. 64 Based on the findings, IVINS continued his independently initiated swabbing survey by obtaining samples from additional areas, to include his office desk area located in roomr-1 the cold-sidec::Jpass-thru box area, and the freezers locat~ in the hallway outside thec:Jsuite. The areas on which IVINS concentrated were those areas of high traffic, such as a computer keyboard, and those areas of very low traffic, such as the top of a book shelf. Of the 31 samples collected on the second day, IVINS identified approximately 11 which appeared to be presumptive positives. The initial positives from the April 16, 2002, survey were found at the following locations: 1) outside the pass-thru box on the window sill, 2) outside the pass-thru box on the electrical box, 3) IVINS' office on the o b6 10 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012073Anthrax Page 453 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 F~d Fiel~ shelf under the air vent, 4) IVINS' office behind the computer monitor, 5) IVINS' office on IVINS' desk by the penholder, 6) IVINS' desk on the penholder, 7) IVINS' office on the upper shelf in a tray to the left corner air vent, 8) IVINS' office on the metal folder holder on the top shelf to the right of corner air vent, 9) IVINS' office, top shelf of desk, left corner air vent, 10) IVINS' desk, and 11) IVINS' office on the wooden bookcase shelves to the left of the desk. 65 Of the 11 presumptive positives, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis later eliminated numbers 1 and 6, indicating that the bacterial colonies were not B.a. 66 b7C F r==J o [WRITER'S COMMENTS IVINS' explanations of his motivations for the April 2002 independent survey were contradictory to his actions following the December 2001 surve . If IVINS continued to be legitimately concerned that was contaminating the office space, wh[ did he not inform of his previous swabbing results, or give_ ~ome guidance w~t regard to safe handling of B.a.? One of IVINS' previous arguments for not notifying USAMRIID command of his December 2001 swabbing was that he believed that he had sufficiently cleaned the lontaminaJed desk area; however, IVINS used the possibility that_ _desk was not completely decontaminated in Decerber 2007 rs one of the reasons to justify further swabbing. _ _survey of the suite yielded no indication of a breach in containment from the hot-side to the cold-side. Why were IVINS' convictions so strong regarding possible contamination on the cold-side, while the concerns of other experienced researchers, such asl land I were satisfied by the results ofl I survey within D Results of IVINS' April 2002 environmental survey In total, 56 samples were plated by IVINS on April 1516, 2002. Of the 25 sites surveyed for the presence of B.a. on April 15, five presumptively positive samples were plated onto capsule agar, and all five produced mucoid growth after incubation. Of the additional 31 ?sites surveyed on April 16, 11 presumptive positives were obtained. None of the 11 presumptively positive colonies were plated on capsule agar. 67 Colony counts from all but one swipe indicated a very low level of contamination, approximaFelJ one to three spores. A single swipe from just outside the pass-box yielded greater than 200 spores. On April 18, 2002, 12 suspicious colonies, isolated from ~? April 15-16, 2002, cultures, were provided to USAMRIID's L___Jtor B.a. confirmation via PCR. 68 Responses to IVINS' April 2002 survey On April 16, 2002, after viewing the culture results from the first day of sampling, IVINS informed !that he o b7C I 11 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012074Anthrax Page 454 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 05/24/2005 F~ld Fie~ hadQnd presumptive posTtiy:s for the presence of B.a. outside the suite. IVINS toldl ~ that he intended to conduct furt er sam lin in their off1ce and asked if he could samplec===J desk area. declined the offer to haveO area sampled. 69 t ted that I I did not become involved in the issue because had other~ngs to do. 70 I Accordjnq t~l I on April 16 2002 I l i V I N S stating that IVINS nee ed to talk to I I Eventually IVINS informed I~ he found 1 1 1 k I ? positives for B.a. outsie of the suite. 71 .indicated that he had no prior knowle ge of the surveillance cultures of several locations outside the suite. 72 According tol who viewed the cultures 1 one appeared to be a "pure colony 11 of a out 200 spores 1 which was not considered a significant amount. The other samples yielded one to two colonies anr appeared "dirty" with other organism rding to_ _on April 16 1 2002 1 Qwas advised b that IVINS had identified contaminat1on outside the atory. eported this information tol I advised hat IVINS told c:::J about the swabbing after the fact. 74 as upset that .IVINS conducted the sampling without going through the appropriate channels for approval. 75 prespmp~ive J J On either the afternoon of ~prjl 17 2002 1 or the morning of April 18 1 2002. IVINS told[ labout his sampling survey and the findings. I lbecame very upset with IVINS and told him that he should have gotten appr5val. 76 According to IVINS I on Apri 1 18 I 2 0 0 2 I he went to I _and told I I of the sampling survey and the findings. I ~was also up~with IVINS for sampling without authority." Liewise 1 USAMRIID's command staff was verJ upset with IVINS' actions. 78 According to IVINS, _angry reaction to learning of IVINS' indeTendent env1ronmental sampling confirmed IVINS' suspicions that_ !would have opposed the survey if IVINS had sought preapproval . 7 I According I on April 17, 2002 1 during a conversation between ~nd IVINS, IVINS stated that 1t would be interesting to see what was lying around the facility. I ltook the statement to mean that IVINS was curious as to what microorganisms would be found if a sampling survey was conducted. 80 b7F fol . [WRITER'S COMMENTS - During an interview on March 31, 2005, IVINS claimed that the path he ghose to rwab was the path that the Daschle letter took from( _to that through the pass-box in the wall of suite B3. 8 To the contrafY' IVINS did not swab the hallway or locations nearl _ Aside from the areas 12 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012075Anthrax Page 455 of 1446 .. To: Re: . . . Was h 1ngton F1el d From: Was h' 1ngton F1e ld 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 o e F near the B3 pass-box and the freezers in the hallway outside the B3 suite, IVINS did not extensively survey the hallway leading to B3. Of the 56 samples collected on April 15-16, 20~ 38 samples were obtained from the shared office space in room L_j 8 samples were collected from the men's locker room, and 10 samples derived from locations near the B3 pass-box and the tops of freezers in the hallway between the B2/B3 hallway. 82 Based on IVINS' claim that he swabbed the path of the Daschle letter, and given the fact that over half of the survey samples derived from his office, the following question could be posed: Did IVINS have reason to suspect contamination in his office because he had intimate knowledge that the Daschle letter was present in roomc==] at some point in time? IVINS expressed, during multiple interviews and in sworn statements, his concerns regarding the unsafe laboratory practices of DSD employees. As a justification for his unauthorized environmental surveys, IVINS cited information that DSD personnel did not utilize safety precautions. However, during neither the December 2001 survey, nor the April 2002 survey, did IVINS swa~ areas a~sociated with DSD laboratofies or personnel, aside fromL ~ Jdesk. According to IVINS, L~-------~ inwardly seemed p l c h IVINS' finding of contaminat~on because it allowed to "point a finger" at DSD for poor laboratory safety proce ures. 83 Notably, the majority of the B.a. contamination identified on the cold-side of Building 1425 was in locations associated with IVINS more so than DSD. !informed o.f.....thu ... e results of IVINS' independent env~ronmental survey. ~~~----------~ I ~egarding IVINS' survey L oo b7C r II c==J . . AFTERMATH OF IVINS' APRIL 2002 INDEPENDENT SURVEYS On April 16, 2f02. jn fesponse to IVINS' independent surveytk l d i r e c t e d t o collect samples from around the col -side of the pass-thru box, where IVINS located spores. 84 I lwent to th~s-thru and noticed mortar dust on the ledge by the box. L___Jassumed that the dust derived from drilling above the area during renovation work. c==Jtook a sample of the dust, which later yielded negative results for B.a. 13 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012076Anthrax Page 456 of 1446 o To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 o - contamination. Approximately thirty minutes to an hour after the initial collection, I lrefurned to the pass-thru box to conduct further sampling. i t h e n learned from IVINS that he had wiped down the area around the pass-box with water. IVINS stated that he did not use bleach because he did not want to panic anyone with the strong bleach odor. 85 In total,l~-------~ collected 16 samples on April 16, 2002, from areas near the B3 pass-box and from the women's B3 change room. On April 18, 2002, I lwas instructed to survey additional sites to obtain a preliminary assessment of the extent of contamination away from the pass-box. An additional 51 swipes were taken in the common areas around suites B2 and B3, and in 6 Bacteriology offices located in roomsl F A second surface decontamination was performed in the corridor where the B3 pass-box was located. Locker surfaces in the B3 clean-side men's change room and desk surfaces in roomr--lw~re also decontaminated. 87 All of the plates derived~m[ !April 16 and 18, 2002, surveys possessed growth of mixed environmental microbial flora; however, all of the cultures were negative for B.a. -like colonies. 88 On the morning of April 19, 2002, a "town hall meeting" was conducted at USAMRIID to discuss the incident which occurred in the B3 suite regarding the spill by and the ensuing environmental surveys. Personnel were notified that a large scale sampling survey would be conducted to determine the extent of contamination outside the containment laboratories. 89 b 7F USAMRIID-wide microbiological survey On April 19, 2002, an extensive environmental survey of USAMRIID's Building 1425 was conducted. Samples were collected from areas throughout the building, including non-BSL-3 laboratories, office areas, corridors, animal areas, maintenance 14 o USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012077Anthrax Page 457 of 1446 o To: Re: Washington Field From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o 1 Washington Field 05/24/2005 e F I I andQ On April 19 1 2002 1 a total of 838 sam!) es were collected from 86 sites within the building. A total of 107 non-hemolytic 1 bacillus-like (NHB) colonies were obtained from the 838 samples. 91 off j ces wj th the fall owing room m1~ers :I areas 1 support areas and pass-boxes outside all laboratories. Samples were acquired from the Building 1425 break room and 22 On April 20-21, 2002, personnel from the Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine (CHPPM) of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, conducted additional sampling. CHPPM Survey Set #1 included the laundry center at the Jeanne Bussard Center and the DIS equipment. A total of 58 samples were collected during CHPPM Survey #1 on April 20, 2002. 92 Five NHB colonies were obtained from five sites. On April 21, 2002, CHPPM Survey Set #2 included samplin~he following areas: B1, the ~hallway, th~ass-box tol___j the men's clean change roo~ ~~ and room A total of 113 samples were collected from nine sites within e building during CHPPM Survey #2. Of the 113 samples, nine NHB colonies were obtained. 93 On April 23-25 2002, s~emental surveys of the Budget office, rooml land rooml_jwere conducted. Of the 65 total samples collected, two sites yielded a total of two NHB colonies. 94 Results of USAMRIID-wide microbiological survey Of the 1074 samples collected during the environmental surveys on April 19-25, 2002, a total of 123 NHB colonies were isolated from 102 sites. The 123 NHB colonies were identified as Bact #1 through Bact #123. 95 The NHB colonies were subjected to determination of sensitivity to gamma phage and to PCR analysis for the presence of genes for capsule and protective antigen (PA). Of the 123 total NHB colonies, only two colonies were confirmed positive for the presence of both B.a. capsule and PA genes. Notably, the two positives were obtained in locations where positive results were previously reported following IVINS' independent survey. The two colonies, identified as Bact #115 and #116, were confirmed positive for virulent B.a. and were later genotyped as Ames. Bact #115 was obtained during CHPPM ~Y Set #2 and was described as "C-99, clean-side change room, L___j locker top." Bact #116 was obta;i..J::J.aq during CHPPM Survey Set #2 and was described as "C-78/ rm.~ bookcase, rt 1 inside door." On May 8, 2002, the genotypes of 27 B.a. colonies derived from the surveys were reported. Two of the colonies resulted from the USAMRIID-wide microbiological survey 1 while the 15 o USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012078Anthrax Page 458 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 o e remaining 25 colonies derived from IVINS' cultures of April 1516, 2002. Of the 27 colonies, 20 were typed as the Ames strain, four were typed as the Vollum 1B strain and two were typed as the Sterne strain. No product was obtained from the analysis of one of the 27 colonies. The 27 colonies represented B.a. contamination in on~three locations. Of the 15 colonies obtained from room (IVINS' office), 10 were Ames strain, two were Sterne strain, wo were Vollum 1B, and one yielded no product during PCR analysis. Of the six colonies derived from the cold-side of the B3 pass-box, all six typed as Ames. Of the six tested from the men's B3 change room, four were B.a. Ames, and two were B.a. Vollum 1B. 96 b6 b7C F [WRITER'S COMMENTS - Following is a summary of the environmental survey results, incorporating IVINS' data with that obtained in the follow-up surveys. Between April 15-25, 2002, approximately 1197 samples were collected from over 100 locations. Of the 1197 samples, 16 cultures tested positive for the presence of virulent B.a. Two of the B.a. cultures derived from the USAMRIID-wide survey, while the remaining 14 derived from IVINS' surveys on April 15-16, 2002. IVINS plated a total of 51 samples, 27% of which yielded virulent B.a. colonies. Only two of the 1141 samples, or 0.18%, derived from the surveys conducted in response to IVINS' independent swabbing, yielded virulent B.a. colonies. Of the over 100 sites surveyed in Building 1425, positive results for the presence of virulent B.a. were obtained in only three locations: the men's change room inr----1 the cold-side B3 passbox, and room Notably, these w~e three sites originally surveyed by IVINf Of 22 ~ surveys, only the office shared by IVINS,_ _and L_____Jtested positive for the presence of virulent B.a.] c=J thJ b7C F Comparison between IVINS' survey and the USAMRIID-wide survey When asked why he was able to find virulent B.a. when the other swabbing efforts did not, IVINS explained that he utilized a more aggressive and extensive method for collecting samples. According to IVINS, he sampled a larger area, especially hard to reach and dusty areas, and used more force. He also ex lained th ? ng survey by CHPPM, took samples outside the laboratory and subsequently cleaned the area thoroughly witli each. 97 IVINS stated that he believed there were additional areas that were contaminated; however, everyone had cleaned their areas as a preventative measure. IVINS stated that the random sampling conducted by USAMRIID safety staff consisted of about 6-10 swabbings in high traffic areas, such as the phone, desk, and computer. He felt the technique was inadequate. IVINS asserted that he took 16 o USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012079Anthrax Page 459 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 o - approximately 80 swabbings from his office alone, from high traffic areas, and other areas near ventilation ducts. 98 SPECULATIONS REGARDING IVINS MOTIVATIONS FOR CONDUCTING INDEPENDENT SURVEYS ~--------------------~who was thel 1 in April 2002, discussed two possible reasons why IVINS conducted microbiological contamination surveys in the non-containment areas without command staff approval: (1) IVINS did not follow appropriate standard operating procedures (SOPs) while working with material and thought he may have contaminated some clean areas of USAMRIID, or (2) IVINS noticed another individual not following SOPs and wanted to bring the problem to light. I did not believe that IVINS was covering up a B.a. contamin~a~t~i-0-n~ trail which may be detected by the survey, nor didr-lbelieve that IVINS was involved in any criminal behavior rerating to the AMERITHRAX. inv.estigation. 99 suspected that IVINS decided to conduct random sampling of cold areas because of the contamination incident concerning! I lstated that the finding of contaminat1on in the pass-box area witnin the laboratory prompted IV,NS to te:t the ::t::~?:r of ~he pass-box, as well. With regard to! Joffice in room c=J suspected t at IVINS coQ ucted sample testing due to the possibility that I Jbecame contaminated while working in I According tol I IVINS had heard a rumor that the people~i-n~ c===Jdid not follow safety precautions. IVINS feared that [ I may have cross-contaminat~ ldue to lack of proper procedure by people from L__J"" I I I I I ~--~ldid not know why IVINS conducted random contamination sampling of the cold areas, but indicated that he may have gotten word of the glove incident with t01 I [WRITER'S COMMENTS - During an interview with the FBI, IVINS noted a long-standing political rivalry between the Bacteriology Division and DSD at USAMRIID. IVINS stated that Bacteriology Division employees felt ostracized and belittled by DSD researchers who were reportedly loathe to consult Bacteriology employees' superior expertise. 102 One could argue that IVINS was partially motivated to conducting the independent survey by the desire to make DSD look incompetent with regard to the safe handling of B.a.; however, such an argument is weakened by the fact that, aside from I !desk, IVINS did not survey any locations directly associated with DSD.] 17 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012080Anthrax Page 460 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o 1 Washington Field 05/24/2005 e SPECULATIONS REGARDING THE SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION The Findings of the AR 15-6 Investigation reported that a single source of contamination was not unambiguously identified. Contamination was attributed to inadequate decontamination of the outside of shipping containers brought into and out of suite B3 of Building 1425. Addit?ionally 1 it was speculated that opening of evidentiary material in suite B3 created conditions leading to contamination outside of ziplocks used to transport material out of the B3 pass-box and led to contamination of the pass-box areas . 103 b2 b7F That strain e s ra1n caus1ng con am1na 1on of the areas. The latter strain was non-erythromycin ~----~~ concluded that the contamination was caused by two different sources of B.a. 1 M A relationship was not established between the surface contamination within the biocontainment suite and that detected on the outside adjacent areas . 105 I l advised that there was no way of determining how long tne cold-side areas had been contaminated 1 as no prior efforts were conducted by USAMRIID to identify possibly contaminated areas . 106 IVINS suspected that poor housekeeping and lack of environmental controls caused the contamination. He further speculated that the contamination resulted from USAMRIID undertaking the role of examining evidence from law enforcement agencies/ while lacking a policy or plan in effect to complete the mission. According to IVINS USAMRIID had never dealt with B.a. affixed to a powder and the anthrax letter evidence may have arrived at USAMRIID in an outer package contaminated with B.a. 107 Specifically/ IVINS speculated that B.a. detected on the coldside Building! lmay have been contamination from the Daschle letter. 108 o 1 b7F With regard to the contamination found on his desk 1 IVINS indicated that he would sometimes set containers in ice buckets on his desk so that he would remember to ship the material or to fill out paperwork. The containers would remain on his desk for a few hours or sometimes overnight. When live B.a. was received from outside of USAMRIID IVINS never opened the outer s~ippilg container in the office. When IVINS took B.a. to Building he would either take it over directly or store it in the refr,gerat~r just outside ofr---1 until he was ready to go to Building Typically 1 he woU:'ra:""rlot stop by his desk. 109 1 18 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012081Anthrax Page 461 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 e e !advised that Qdid not know howl !office, or the other~a-r e_a_s_,~became contam~nated with B.a. spores. I __ I suggested the possibility that DSD may have received an item that was not containerized properly and the container exterior was contaminated. 110 I ~lso speculated that the contamination outside of the BSL-3 came from the anthrax letters . 111 Due to the fineness of the pojder thjt USAMRIID personnel tested and came into contact with,_ _thought it plausible that individuals may have inadvertently transported the spores from one laboratory to another and to cold or administrative areas. As an jxamp,e, I Ire counted the glove incident which suspected was against protocol. 112 I I !speculated that the contamination outside the BSL-3 der~ved from outside of the laboratory. I I basedD responsr on the pattern of contamination near the pass-box. l n o t e d that material was freguently returned from Building 1412 after aerosol chal~. also referenced incoming samples from USAMRIID'sL___jDugway, Bioport, and other outside agencies. 113 I c==J !offered no independent ideas as to where the outside of the BSL-3 came from, but indicated that L___jheard other people's theory that contamination may have come from the Daschle letter. 114 ~ !recalled that on one occasion a letter that was identifie as con aminated with anthrax was taken into suite B3 by IVINS, and that the letter could have been the source of contamination within the cold areas of USAMRIID. 115 ~aminat~on I [WRITER'S COMMENTS - If the contamination derived in part from the handling of evidentiary material, to include the Daschle letter, then why was contamination not also identified inc::J areas, where the bulk of the evidentiary analyses were conducted and where all incoming unknown items were received?] NOTABLE REFERENCES BY IVINS TO HIS INDEPENDENT SURVEYS IVINS referenced his independent surveys and the backlash in multi le email messa es t~ L:::-=-'T'!"":....,.-rr-.:::::--:::::----"'""'"'l'"'"'':':~-:::::-::::~:--:a::--::m::::-:e::::-:s:::-:s:::-:a:::-:g:::-e:::::-=-r----_.__,s tat ing " the nL......::J::-u-n-e---=1~6::-,---::2:-::0:-::0:-::2::-,--..... atmosphere around USAMRIID is so poisonous these days that it's hard to get much of anything done. I'm still persona non grata, especially with people in power, likel I I lseems to bark at me about lots of th~n s these days." On July 7, 2002, at 9:04 .m. IVINS sent ~------------------------~ .Spring is when I found the break in 19 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012082Anthrax Page 462 of 1446 '(I To: Re: Washington Fi"d From: Washington Fiel!lt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 mutant B. anthracis onto guinea pigs in the vet med cold suites. The pigs started dying. I cultured their blood and did a plasmid screen and found they had died from fully virulent pX01+, PX02+ B. anthracis. Animal caretakers had taken dead pigs and put them into the cold room. There was a lot of local decontamination in rooms, hallway, coldroom, but nothing was mentioned outside of this place. I am now forbidden from being a 11 cowboy. 11 I can't think for myself, and I can't do anything without everybody up and down the line questioning me about it. I'm sure it's punishment ... 11 b7C During an interview on March 31, 2005, IVINS indicated that ?he had no concerns about competency as a laboratory worker, and his decision to survex rk area ~as no~ influenced by any perception that gent ~n safety practices . 117 However, IVINS multiple email messages expressing views regarding performance in the laboratory which were quite contrary to?his intervie: state~ents. On August 20, 2001, IVINS commented extensivel: oni~---~----~J performance in the laboratory. I jto rna e some~--~ Sterne spores last week, and to have them ready for today. I I didn't have any backup blood plates, and didn 1 t inoculate the cultures until Friday. Today when I I the Leighton and Doi c u : y s were a total bust, ~ns~ae or outside the cells. made some L&D medium and inoculated some Ames culture asks, and they made spores ~ne. and I think that maybel I messed up the saltsJ ===rb ? a lot of problems lately makin ood s ores. It seems rushes throu h the work so tha D o 1o sn::,s r=-l s very ~scourag~ng slightest of IVINS wrote 11 more a no vor exe preps enoug t: a;t out t e c umps, and so had very counts. did a heat shock with holding the tu es and hardly any water (about water bath ... If I sa an thin about ANYTHING ~~--~~----~~_, I __ 21 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012083Anthrax Page 463 of 1446 . ( To: Re: . o . Wash1ngton F1eld From: Was h' 1ngton F1e led 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 contamination here at RIID and became overy suspicious' to people. I wouldn't be surprised if they wanted to quiz you about me. Putting together all of the things I've heard about the FBI's osuspect list, o my guess is that I'm on it (being a middleaged white male who has made anthrax spores). I can't tell you how unappealing it is to be considered a mass murderer ... 11 On June 18, 2002, at 9:00p.m., IVINS sent Ia message indicating that 11 the FBI people who talked to me (r1ght after I found the break in containment and got crucified for it) said they thought that my coming back to work after hours was 'extremely suspicious.' I don't think anyone has any idea how peaceful and quiet it can be here after hours~an come here and just sit, or read, or get on the web. Ifl____jis being bothersome I can go back into B5 or even into B3. (In the evenings, B3 may as well be Mars. I can just sit and think and relax from everything.) Also, it's just a great time to get work done without hassle. It used to be honorable and commendable to work more than 8 hours a day. Now, it's suspicious ... 11 During an interview on March 31, 2005, IVINS stated that the December 2001 and April 2002 independent surveys represented the only two times he ever swabbed in the cold areas of USAMRIID outside of the hot suites. According to IVINS, during the early 1990s he conducted swabbing inside the hot suites as part of USAMRIID's routine environmental monitoring program. IVINS conducted the routine sampling at the direction of his supervisors. 116 The information provided by IVINS on March 31, 2005, contradi ? ation contained in an email message sent from IVINS to On July 7, 2002, at 9:04p.m., IVINS wrote to 'oh, guess what? This is actually the third time I've oun v1rulent anthrax on the outside of the hot suite. The other tw1 times were hushed The fir~t time was in the early 1980s. had injected some guinea pigs (and killed them) with the Vellum 1B strain. The used pans of bedding, blood, urine, feces and all, had to be deconned out of the suite, but the autoclaves were not working. So they decided to paraformaldehyde the bedding and ship it out. After the 11 decon" I - without authorization (bad! bad!) but with plenty of concern - checked the bedding for sterility. I plated some of out. The results came back after unimmunized cagewash workers had cleaned the pans. The very top of the bedding was sterile, but below the top layer it was quite contaminated, with anthrax and other bacteria. We're just lucky that nobody in cagewash got anthrax. I told people of my finding, and after that, used bedding in pans was never deconned by paraformaldehyde - it just doesn't penetrate. The second time I found unauthorized! - virulent anthrax oujside the suite was whenr--l I supposedly injected avir1r.Derlt I uy? 20 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012084Anthrax Page 464 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ ~~~e~n~s~i~ty IVINS also expressed concerns for spreading gossip. On ~A~~~~~~~-.~~~~~~~ an email messa e indicatin ~~ps~p, as a ten ency to exaggerate rumors, etc. about people,~a=n=d~I~'m~=====-~ radar for a lon time I fear .. I [WRITER 1 s COMMENTS: Based on IVINS 1 written concerns regarding not inform of his unauthorized surveys due to a lack of confidence in ability to keep the information confidential. Notably, however, IVINS did not address either his conce~ith I ~ropensity to spread gossip, or his issues withl__j laboratory performance when asked directly about these issues during an interview on March 31, 2005. 118 ] to advise of an article that was publishedlth:.Qre~v-~~o-u_s d~a-y--~~?n-?~ __ ]p~o~~nsi,y to talk, one could speculate that IVINS did On August 21, 2004, IVINS contacted SSAI the Los Angeles Times. IVINS faxed to SSA an article titled "Anthrax Leaks Blamed in Lax Safety Ha ~ts: 'Sloppy' investigation of 2002 breaches at a federal biodefense facility, 11 and authored by Time Staff Writer Charles Piller. According to IVINS, the article detailed the results of the environmental surveys conducted at USAMRIID in April 2002. IVINS claimed that the article disclosed information that was confidential to the FBI. IVINS indicated that he was upset to see the information made public. IVINS believed the following statement to be confidential to the FBI: "Three different anthrax-strains - two infectious and one a harmless vaccine - were detected outside biosafety labs. 11119 1 22 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012085Anthrax Page 465 of 1446 .,, (' l .. To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ ENDNOTES 1. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1699 2. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #55 3. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1699 4. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #55 5. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serials 1379 and 1700 6. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 7. CID Exhibit #7 8. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1379 9. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #20 10. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #43 11. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1699 12. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 13. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 14. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 15. CID Exhibit #7 16. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 17. CID Exhibit #7 . 18. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 19. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 20. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 21. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum Ivins) 22. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum Ivins) 23. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 24. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 25. CID Exhibit #7 26. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum Ivins); 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700, CID 222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 27. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum Ivins); 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700; CID 28. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum Ivins) b6 - 18 APR 02, Bruce - 18 APR 02, Bruce - 18 APR 02, Bruce? Exhibit #7; 279A-WF- 18 APR 02, Bruce Exhibit #7 - 18 APR 02, Bruce 23 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012086Anthrax Page 466 of 1446 ,-,? (.\ I) "' To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ 29. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 30. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 31. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 32. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 33. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum - 18 APR 02, Bruce Ivins) 34. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 35. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 36. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum - 18 APR 02, Bruce Ivins) 37. AR 15 6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum - 18 APR 02, Bruce Ivins) 38. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 39. 40. 41. 42. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #20 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1379 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #14 and 17; AR 15-6 Investigation Findings 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1701 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #18 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #17 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #14 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1701 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #17 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #17 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #17 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567; AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. #17 51. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #12 24 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012087Anthrax Page 467 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ 58. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1701 59. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 60. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 61. CID Exhibit #7 62. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum - 18 APR 02, Bruce Ivins) 63. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 64. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700;AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #7 65. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #7 66. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700;AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #7 67. AR 15 6 Investigation Exhibit #19 (ExSum - 18 APR 02, Bruce Ivins) 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #7 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 279A-WF-222936 302 Serial 1379 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1701 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #12 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1701 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567 76. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700; 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567; CID Exhibit #7 77. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700; CID Exhibit #7 78. 79. 80. 81. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1218 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1699 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 82. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #7 83. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 84. 85. 86. 87. AR 15 6 Investigation Exhibits #7 and #21 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1567 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #23 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #7 b6 25 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012088Anthrax Page 468 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ 88. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #7 89. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1699 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #8 AR 15 6 Investigation Exhibit #11 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #10 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #9 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #6 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibits #3, 4 and 5 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1700 98. CID Exhibit #7 99. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1229 100. CID Exhibit #1 101. CID Exhibit #1 102. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 103. AR 15-6 Investigation Findings 104. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 1229 105. CID Exhibit #1 106. CID Exhibit #1 107. CID Exhibit #7 108. 279A-WF-222936-302 Serial 3306 109. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #54 110. CID Exhibit #1 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #55 CID Exhibit #1 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #17 AR 15-6 Investigation Exhibit #2 0 CID Exhibit #1 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1223 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 900; 279A-WF-222936 1A 5512 26 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012089Anthrax Page 469 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Fi"d From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/24/2005 Fiel~ oo 27 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012090Anthrax Page 470 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o o - 1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 06/18/2005 As previously reported, according to United Stated Army Medical Research Instit te of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) documentation, BRUCE ED S IVINS was granted four hours of annual leave on September 17, 2 01. Amer~thrax investigators obtained IVINS' time records for the periods ending August 11, 2001 through December 1, 2001. For the two week time period starting September 9, 2001 and ending September 22, 2001, IVINS' time sheet record indicates that he took four hours of annual leave during day two of week two of the pay-period ending September 22, 2001. Since the pay period started September 9, 2001, day two of week two of the pay period is September 17, 2001. Copies of the documents referenced above (the original copies have been previously submitted) have been attached to and made part of this FD-302. Investigation on File# ----~~-------- 06/18/2005 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \t>~\p It''"" prop~ty oftho FBI md lo lom"d to yo"' o g o . o y ; D USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012091Anthrax Page 471 of 1446 ......................................... o ..... .. .. .. o ... """"""- ............................. - - - ................. ?01oo- ... - - - - ...... "'.- ....... - - ......... ,. ........ - - - ....... - - ............. "" ................... - - ....... - - .. 08/11/01 00163 I 1 ~.61 IVINS BRUCE E ,.,..,..,.,.,. .. ,.. ..... ,. ... woooo"'"""""",..,..,.,.. .. ,..,..,...,. ... .,. ............. ..,,..,.,...., .............................. ,...,. oo ,.,. ... ..,,. .................. .- ........ .,. ... .,..,. .. ,...,..,..,.,. oo ,.11111,...,.,..,..,.,.,.._..., ... ,...., .... ,. STD JON ..... EMPLOYEE ID I BLK/GRP I ACT I ORG 280445449 0800 W4GPAA BBJB I EMPLOYEE NAME PLT ROT IPERIOD ENDING I SEQ NO -.... .., TOUR o 1 Bl oo Bl?oo el oo el oo rei oo 1 I 'al oo al oo el oo el oo al oo I I TYP / SFT RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 GRADED NO I -.......................... -- . . . -............... """----""" .. -....................................................................................... . , -.. -- ............I" ' .. -- .... -..... Ill--?-I I I I I I I I I . . . . . ---- ............. ""..,.,.. ........... START NIGHT INJ TEM LST E/H WEEK DAY TYPE TIME !NIT DIFF NUM SFT HR OTH JOB ORDER NUMBER HOUR HOURS ............................................................................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111 . . . .... .,.. ......... ,. .... -...... --- ...... --? ...................................... -..................................... -- ........ -- ..... ................................................ -............... ,.. .... ......... --- .... "" AWS SUN ~r? )U'f WED THR Fir" SAT SUN MQN? TUE WED THR FRI SAT I 6EDP M101CA I HRS WORK I 0745 - 1630 I TDC --- ............... .. ..L ..:t... .t..~- .. ..K!.....????????.??????...................................!....................:?_ ....... ..L .3.. -~....R.! ..............???????...................... ???????? ....!......?????? .???????? ........ ".1-- "&. 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I DID NOT SUFFER OR PERMIT ANY OVERT~ME WORK OTHER THAN AS REPORTED:~ THI: : : : ? /1 CONTAINS INFORMATION SUBJECT TO THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 AS AMENDED , --- ................. ............ .............. .............. ................ ............. .. ................... -- ,.. .................................................................... . .... ' I_T.-~""""11!'"-~"'""""',...--..L. THORfzFJ A USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012092Anthrax Page 472 of 1446 ~\ ' ~~(~! -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'- ../L /v I I I I I I I~ EMPLOYEE ID 280445449 BLK/GRP 0800 ACT W4GPAA ORG BBJB EMPLOYEE NAME IVINS BRUCE E PLT ROT PERIOD ENDING STD JON I 6EDP MlOlCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . o o . . . . . . . "" . . . . . . . . . . . . . o o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f1! - - - M ... M o ..................................... 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TEM SFT NIGHT DIFF INJ NUM START TIME INIT TYPE HOUR HOURS JOB ORDER NUMBER LST HR ............................................................................................................................................................................................. w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... I I ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... I .................... 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WED ... ......................................................................................................... . . THU FRI ....... ............... .............. ............... ............... ................ ............... ........ ------- ............................................................... 1'111..... .................................................................... ------- ............ . SAT .. .................................................................................... 11'11 . . . . . . . SAT CERTIFICATION: ATTENDANCES AND ABSENCES CERTIFIED CORRECT. OVERTIME APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE liiTH EXISTING LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR NON-EXEMPT FLSA. I DID NOT SUFFER OR PERMIT ANY OVERTIME WORK OTHER THAN AS REPORT OR THIS P ERIOD. CONTAINS INFORMATION SUBJECT TO THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 AS AMENDED USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012094Anthrax Page 474 of 1446 ,--------------------~~----- 4 ...................... - ........ -- ..... ,. o ., ... - - - - - .. - - ... - - - *"" ... -- ...... --""'-- ... - - .. -- .. - ...... - - -.-.- ..... - ..... - - - - - - - ... """-- .. - - - - ...... - - ... - ""' ... ~-----?-?-- ----.Ill--... -........ ....................................................................................................................................................................................... STD JON EMPLOYEE ID I BLK/GRP I ACT I ORG 280445449 0800 W4GPAA BBJB I EMPLOYEE NAME IVINS BRUCE E I PLT ROT IPERIOD ENDING 09/22/0l I SEQ NO 00155 I 6EDP MlOlCA SUN MON TUE Bl 00 R~ I HRS WORK I 0745 o 1630 o114 . . . . I TDC .......... - - - . . . . . . . . . . - ........... .. w ................................................ - - .. . , . - ...... - ..... 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""'., o o o ... il'lflloooo MW o o .. o o o ...... o o o o M""' o oooo-.,. o EMPLOYEE ID I BLK/GRP I ACT 280445449 0800 W4GPAA .. ""'""' .. - - - . " " ................. --""' ""' .. w 1101 . . . . . . "" ... - I o PI,... . . . . . . . . . o o o ..... o o W """" o o o o " " o o o o . . ,.. - - o o o o o M M"" . . . . . . . o ooo ORG BBJB ...... - I EMPLOYEE NAME IVINS BRUCE E - - ...... - I PLT ROT IPERIOD ENDING I 10/06/01 ....... .. . . . . . . -"" .. - -~- o w ... o o.., WI . . W o o SEQ NO 00157 ...... - ... "" . . - " " ' " " - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - . . . . . . . - . . . ""' . . . . . - - - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " - - ............. .. STD JON ... M o o o W o I 6EDP MlOlCA lilt o o . . . . . . . ""'M o o ...... - - . . . . . o o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,0 . . o ww""'W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M ... MW,. W MW W I HRS WORK I 0745 TUE WED THR o 1630 I TDC ' ...... M ....... AWS TOUR o I TYPISFT GRADED ND WEEK DAY SUN MON 1 ajoo ajoo aloo s1oo ~ W M ..... o . . .., . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..., M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIIII , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . till W W flO . . . . . . . . .W/f/11 W o o SAT SUN a1oo I I I )leN" TUE WED '-( FRI SAT a1oo sjoo s1oo ajoo aloo I RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 -- .... 411""'.- .... "" ... -- ............ -? --- ......................... """ ...... - ......................................... ----,.. ........ - ............................. """ ................. ,. .... --"' .... - ................... ,.. "" ............ - I I I I I I I I I I I I I ............................................................................................................................ TYPE HOUR HOURS JOB ORDER NUMBER E/H OTH -- START NIGHT INJ TEM LST TIME INIT DIFF NUM SFT HR ................................................................................................................... .. I .................................. ??---??-- ...................................................................................... ....................... -............................... .,. ................................. .. .,.. .......... ......... ............... ...................... ............................................... ..................... ................. ""' .. ., ................................................................................................. . . Ill--...... .. ............................................................................................................................... "" ...... -- ... .. ................................. --- "' .............. "' --.... .... ..... . . .. ............ .. 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""' ..................... ., ........ ~~~~--""' -....... ................................. 3 2 REG~-~~~-~~~-~HoLI_IsUNI_I NDI_I RDI_I~I-IE/HI_I~I-INP/LVI_ .... """"" .................................. - ............. - - .......................... - - ... ,.. .................................. *"' ..,. .................................................................... ""'., ....................................... ... r 1 --- ............................................. --- ................ -....................... -..................................................... --.- .. -'""" ....... OUT OUT IN ------? ............... .................... ................ WKl ....................................................................... IN OUT IN WK2 ... .. ....................................... ""' ........................................................ .. IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT REMARKS: SUN MON ...... ...... ............. ................ ................... .................. ................ .................. ............... ................. ................ .............. SUN MON --- ............................................................. ,., ..... -........ ""' ............... . ............................................... . . . . . . . . . . . 1<11 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... TUE .............................................................................. "" ................. ............... ............... ................. ............... ................ .............. ............. .............. TUE WED ... .. ............................................................................................... .. .................................................................. - ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. WED ................ ....... THU ll'lioll""' THU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., o ' b6 FRI FRI -o -oo -o o oo ooo o o o o o-o ................................................................................. "'......... ............... .. ................................................................................................. . . SAT SAT ................. ,.. ................................................................. ,.. ................ ... ................................................................................................... .. CERTIFICATION: ATTENDANCES AND ABSENCES CERTIFIED CORRECT. OVERTIME APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EXISTI,..~WS AND REGULATIONS FOR NON?EXEMPT FLSA. I DID NOT SUFFER OR PERMIT 1!NY OVERTIME WORK OTHER THAN AS REProo : : : : b7C --- CONTAINS INFORMATION SUBJECT TO THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 AS AMENDED l AUTHR oI ? USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012096Anthrax Page 476 of 1446 ....... ,. ... ------?------o o o o M ""o o o .. M,. o o .,oM,. o o o .. o . . . . "'" o o . IIIII IIfo""' o ft ft o o ilr""" "'""" o Ill o o W ... .,. o o w""" .. o o o "" ... ""'""'- .. Ill o o o o , . M - ""'.,. M o o M"'" o o ... 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EMPLOYEE ID I BLK/GRP I ACT I ORG 280445449 0800 W4GPAA BBJB I EMPLOYEE NAME IVINS BRUCE E PLT ROT IPERIOD END IN~ I SEQ NO 10/20/01 00156 I ... o _.114M- ft ft "'o Ill ill! tool""' I 6EDP MlOlCA SUN I HRS WORK I 0745 -- -- o 1630 I TDC I I AWS TOUR . 0 TYP/SFT GRADED ND WEEK DAY I I SAT , SUN FRI THR WED TUE MON Bj 00 8j 00 Bj 00 Bl 00 Bj 00 I I LH 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 SAT FRI THR WED TUE MON I Bl 00 Bl 00 Bl 00 Bj 00 Bl 00 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 .......... - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - ....... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . """ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I I I I I I I I I I ........................................................................................................................................................... ----?---- ?------- -.............................. . ......... .......... ................... ..................... ................................ ---? ..... -- ............................................................................................................... -------I ----.......................... ???-----? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fool . . . . . .., . . . . --?----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TYPE HOUR HOURS JOB ORDER NUMBER E/H OTH LST HR TEM SFT NIGHT DIFF INJ NUM START TIME !NIT I ....................................... -- ............... ---------??--? .. ?------- .......................................................................................................................... .., .. . . . I ................................................................... -................................................................................. ........... -....................... - ----?---- ..... .,. ...... . ,.. ........... 11111..,,. .... .,..,..,. .......... I I ooooooo-'1111 ... ,..,... .................................... .,. .................. """ .......................................... ,.. .... ..,,.. ................. oooo""'wooo oooooooo ... 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I 1 . . . . . . . 1/ii/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. ,.. .................................... r ............... . flllo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "'" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -................... ---- .......... --- ..... .... ------ .... -...... ---- ................... -- .......................... --- ............. .., WKl .. M.. REGI_I~I_IcoMPI_IHOLI_IsUNI_I2NDI_I~I_I~I_IE/HI_? ~~~-~NP/Lvl_ ................................... -- -- ........... --- ... OUT REMARKS: ""'""" ,.. IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT WK2 IN OUT IN OUT IN 1111oooooo ooooooo .... ,..,.,. .... .,. .......................... ooooo-"" ......... ., ............................... .,., .................. ooooo-"" Moilllllll""'oo SUN MON --- ................................ ,.,........... ................. ............... ............ ...... ................. ................ ............... ............ .............. ,.,............ oo"' ..... .,..,. .... ,. .,. ............ wooo_. .... o"'"'ooooo oo-oooo oooo"""'"" SUN MON .. ...................... ooo .. .................................................... """"""""'"" ___ ............ ------oooooo" -- ............................................................... . oooo""'"'""" ,.,_ oooooooooooooooooooo I ...... .., .... """ ...................................... ..,.., ------- ............. .................. ................... ................ THU ................................. ------; ........................................ . ...................... FRI WED WED ... ooo .............................................................. .., .. .., ............... .......................................... _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""'"""'"'o"""o ..... . I THU ............. ...... ................. .............. . . . . . . . .,..,. . . toltoltolft""'"" .............. ............. ................ ............. .. ,..,.,. ....... ..,,..""""'..,oo ..,.,. . . , . . . . . .., ooooooo FRI --- ...................... ............................................................. . ,.. . . ,..,.. ... , . . . , . , . . ..,.., SAT .,..,...,. SAT ow'llllloooo o o - .. ooo ooo"",.. o .., ..,.,..,..,. .......... ..,,._,.,. .. CERTIFICATION: ATTENDANCES AND ABSENCES CERTIFIED CORRECT. OVERTIME APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EXIS:LAWS AND REGIJLATIONS FOR NON? EXEMPT FLSA. I DID NOT SUFFER OR PERMIT AN'/ OVERTIME WORK OTHER THAN AS REP1Ro - : :::: ::: ::::::: CONTAINS INFORMATION SUBJECT TO THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1914 AS MENDED - -- - - -- -AUF E 1 ? ) I USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012097Anthrax Page 477 of 1446 7 ....................... ,. .........',. ..... -------- ~- ---------- .. -..... ---------.-------------------.-----.----------------------------------EMPLOYEE ID I BLK/GRP I ACT I ORG I EMPLOYEE NAME I PLT ROT IPERIOD ENDING I SEQ NO 280445449 0800 W4GPAA BBJB IVINS BRUCE E 11/03/01 00156 --.-----------------.-------- .. ------------------ ?------- ??- ...... --- .. --------------------------------------.-----.-STD JON I 6EDP M101CA I HRS WORK I 0745 - 1630 I TDC .-- ... --- ..... -.... ---.-.-.--------.----------.--------------------------------- .. -------------------.--- .... -- ...... -w o a m ~ m m w o a m m m m w TOUR o sj oo sj oo sj oo al oo al oo 1 I aj oo sj oo . sj oo s1 oo al oo I l TYP / SFT RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 GRADED NO I I I I I I I I I I I I .-.-- ........ --- .... --------- .. -.... -----.--- ..I---.--------- .. -. -- .. ---.--.---.---.-.------------.-.-- .... -.---.--.-.-START TEM , NIGHT INJ 1 WEEK DAY TYPE HOUR HOURS JOB ORDER NUMBER E/H OTH LST HR SFT DIFF NUM TIME !NIT ..................,. "i ................................... ??????.......... ????i???? ................. ???????. 1 -?-?? ???-? --?--?- I --------- ----------------------- ------?? -------- -------- --------- -------- --------- -------- ----- ----- ------- --------- ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- --------- -------1 I ----- ----- ------- --------- ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------? --------- ------------ ----- ------- --------- ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- --------- -------I ----- ----- ------- --------- ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- --------- ------------ ----- ------- --------- ?---------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- ------?- ------?-- ------------ ----- ------- --------- ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- --------- -------I ----- ----- ------- --------- ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- --------- ---------- .. --.- ... ----.--.- .. ---- .. -----------.-.-------------------.----------.--------------------.------------------ -?--. 1 ' ' b6 1 I 1 ' 1 I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REMARKS: OUT OUT IN OUT IN OUT WK2 IN OUT IN OUT IN l~Kl IN --- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --- ------- ------- ------? ------- ------- ------- .................................... SUN ~~-~~~-~coMPI_l~l-l~l-1 2NDI_I 3 RDI_I~I-IE'HI_? l~l_INP/Lvl_ MON -?- ?------ ------? ------- ------- ------? ------- --- ------- ------? ------- ------? ------- ------TUE MON TUE WED --- ------- ------- -----?? ------? ------- ------- --- ----??? ------- ------- ------- ------- ------FRI VIED ................................. .... ............................. . .................................... ................................... ... ................. - ............ .. .. ,. ,. "'" SAT SAT CERTIFICATION: ATTENDANCES AND ABSENCES CERTIFIED CORRECT. OVERTIME APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EXISTING LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR NON-EXEMPT FLSA. I DID NOT SUFFER OR PERMIT ANY OVERTIME WORK OTHER THAN AS REPO FOR THIS PAY PER D. CONTAINS INFORMATION SUBJECT TO THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 AS AME~lDED --- ------- ------- ------- ?---??? ------- ------- --- ---?--? ------- ------- ------- ------? -----?? --- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --- ------- ------- ------- ------- ----?-- ------- USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012098Anthrax Page 478 of 1446 -- ...... -- ..... .............. -........ --- ...... -- .............................. -- ........... -- ................................. ----- ....... --- ..... --""- ....... -...... . . ... ,. ... "" ,. EMPLOYEE ID 280445449 STD JON I BLK/GRP I 0800 ACT W4GPAA I ORG BBJB I "'- EMPLOYEE NAME IVINS BRUCE E I PLT ROT I PERIOD ENDING 11/17/01 I I SEQ NO 00155 .... - - - - ................................... "'"' .......... "" ............. ?- ...... "' ........ - ........ -- ..... "" .......... """" ............................................. -- ............. - ...... *" ... --- .... "'""- ...... ,.. -- w .. - I 6EDP MlOlCA ......... - - - " " - . . ....... - - - - - ............. .. . . . . . . - - - - - ...... . . . . . . . . . . . - - - ...... - I HRS WORK I 0745 ~ 1630 I TDC ..... --- ...... *" ... "" ""- .... - ..... llot ... - - - - - ? - . . . . . . "' . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . """"""- . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . - ....... - ..... .. SAT FRI THR WED TUE MON SUN SAT FRI THR WED TUE MON I AWS Bl s1 8j 00 Bl 00 Bl 00 8100 al oo TOUR 0 I I Bl 00 Bl 00 al oo RG oo RG 00 I 0 0 LH 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 RG 0 TYP/SFT I I I I GRADED ND I I I I I I ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... START INJ NIGHT TEM LST E/H WEEK DAY TYPE INIT TIME NUM DIFF SFT HR OTH JOB ORDER NUMBER HOURS HOUR SUN I I I ................ "" ........................................................................... ,.."" ........ " ............... ........... ...... ............. """" ............................ ,. ..................................... . . ill ..... , ........ - - - - ................................................................................................................................... - ? - - - - - .. ........... ......... ............. .................. ............................................... ""!ooo ... ,.. ......................................................................................................... . .............. ....... ----- .......................... ----I --?-- .................................. "" ............................................. ""' ........................................................................ . I I . . . l'llo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lloll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I ................ .., .......... ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _.. .. I I I .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... -.... . I I ................................................................................................ -....................................................................................................................... . ................................... ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #111 o o , .......................... ??"'"""'"""" .................................................... -???---. . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . ----"'?-- -----?? .............................................................................................................................................................................................. . . ........ ........... ............. ................... ..................... ........................ .............................. -------- .................... -----?-- .............................. . ........ .. ,.. ....... "' ' ' "" ...... ,. ................................................................................................................. "" ...................................................................................................... . OUT IN WKl IN ................................................... ""'..... SUN ...... .............. ............... ............ ................. ............ .............. ~~-I~I_I~I_I~I_I~I_I~I_I~I_I~I_IE/HI_I~I_INP/Lvl_ ........... ............ .............. OUT IN OUT WK2 .......................... ,.. ........................................................................................................ ., .............................................................................. . 1 I --- .............. --.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IN _....................................................................... .. OUT IN OUT IN OUT REMARKS: SUN ......................................................................... w . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... MON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""' .......... ------......... - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,... MON ------.............................................. ........... w TUE ..... ................. ............ .................. ............. ............... .............. TUE o ............... . . . . . . jill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WED ............. .................. ....... ? THU FRI ............... .................. ................ ........... ........................................................................ -.... .............. ....... loiMM WED ... ...................... ____ ......................................................... . . THU ... ........................................ .,. ........................................... .. """ ............ ............... ............ ......................................... ................. ................. . . . . . . . . . . floll.. .............. .............. FRI --- ................................................... ,. ........ .., .. ....... . . ,... SAT ............. SAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... CERTIFICATION: ATTENDANCES AND ABSENCES CERTIFIED CORRECT. OVERTIME APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EXISTING AWS AND REGULATIONS FOR NON"EXEMPT FLSA. I DID NOT SUFFER OR PERMIT ANY OVERTIME WORK OTHER THAN AS REPORTED R THIS PA P I o CONTAINS INFORMATION SUBJECT TO THE PRIVACY A~T OF 1974 AS AMENDED USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012099Anthrax Page 479 of 1446 ................................ -- ..................... ............ -- .. -.................. ................................................. -- ............. --- .................................................. . . EMPLOYEE ID I BLK/GRP I ACT I ORG 280445449 0800 W4GPAA BBJB STD JON I EMPLOYEE NAME IVINS BRUCE E ... -- -- 9 I PLT ROT IPERIOD ENDING I SEQ NO 12/01/01 00155 ;o; ............ - - - - ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. ....... - - . . . . . . - - .......... .. ....... - - .................... "' .... - - .. - ........................ - ........................................................ - - - ...... "! ............................. ""' ............ ........... -......................................................................... .. AWS SUN 1.. I 6EDP MlOlCA HRS WORK I 0745 - 1630 I TDC -- --- -- .................. ............. -? ................ ?- -- .............. --I............................... -- .................. ......................... . . ,. ,. MON BIOO TUE TOUR I 0 TYP/SFT GRADED ND WEEK DAY momomomomo momomo~ omo I I I I 11 I --- ..........I--- ......................... I...................... -----I......................... "" .............................................. -- ........ -- ......................... .. I I ............................ -....................................... ""' aj.oo ~Brf BIOO THR BIOO )Rf' SAT 'I SUN MON D1 oo TUE WED THR aroo ?1 a1 oo ..,. al oo FRI SAT a1 oo ~ 1 , 1 oo TYPE HOUR HOURS JOB ORDER NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11"'1 E/H OTH LST HR TEM SFT NIGHT DIFF INJ NUM -------- START TIME .................... .... INIT 111111 .......... . .............................................................. ............ ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~~~- -Llf.- ..K! !_-.. -------- --------- -:.-----.J .. --~- --~1'1:. __ t.! ____ ----------------------- ----?--- -?????-- -------- ____ !____ -------- ----~----: -------ww-- - - - - - - - - - - - - ww- ? - - - - - - ?-?---------------.-?-?- -_l ~ ~ 1 . . . . . . . . . . 11011 .... I 'tot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I I ............................................................................................................................................................................ ,. .................. ,. ............. . ........... ......... ,.. .......................................................... -.............................................. I -------- ........................................................................... . . -------- .................. ,. ..................................... .. ' I ............ -.. ,. . . . . --."" --................... -................... ----.................... -............. ---..... ------- . . . . ----- ............. --- ................. -------...... ---Ill ... . ............ ----- ............ ,.. ................................................................... ooo~*~oooo ......... ........... ooooo ... 101 .. 1111 ... ..... ,.. 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""" ... ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ill o o REGI_I~I_IcoMPI_IHOLI_IsUNI_I2NDI_I3RDI_I~I-IE/HI_I~I-INP/LVI_ WK1 SUN ..... . . . . . . . jilo . . . . . . ........................................ ,........... ................. ................... IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT WK2 SUN """""""' IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT REMARKS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ..._ ... MON ............. ._.......... .......... ................ .............. .................. ................. . . . . . . . . jill MON .. .......................................................................................... .. TUE ............................................................................. TOE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,. . . . . . . . . . . WED ....................................................... ............ ao~o ............. ................. WED o .... ------............... ------... ., ........................................ .. THU .................................... ............ 1111'.. .............. .............. ............. THU .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . """"~- FRI ...... ............... .............. .............. ............. ................ ................. FRI . ...................................................................................... . . ,.. SAT .......... "'",. ............................................ ,. ............ .............. SAT --- .................................... .......................... -..... ................. . "" CERTIFICATION: ATTENDANCES AND ABSENCES CERTIFIED CORRECT. OVERTIME APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EXISTING LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR NON? EXEMPT FLSA. I DID NOT SUFFER OR PERMIT ANY OVERTIME WORK OTHER THAN AS REPO !Til!n ~n'ilrrln.c: Ptl v-..P1Q""'"' CONTAINS INFORMATION SUBJECT TO THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 AS AMENDED AUTHORIZED SIG~E I USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012100Anthrax Page 480 of 1446 :.. (Rev. 01-31-2003) ., FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: b6 ROUTINE Date: 06/07/2005 Washington Field Washington Field AMX #3 Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRII Title: (Pending) - \ ~1..""\ AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: To summarize the investigation of prescription drugs used by Bruce Edwards Ivins during 2000 and 2001. Details: fV~E4 Investigation to date has revealed that ~ruce~dwards Microbiologist, United States Army Medical Resear h Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), was prescribed various medication during 2000 and 2001. Below is a summary of the medication known to have been prescribed to Ivins during 2000 and 2001: Celexa(R), filled 11/16/00 (30 day supply); 12/19/00 (30 day supply) ; 1/12/01 (30 day supply) ; 2/06/01 (30 day supply) ; 05/02/2001 (90 day supply); 06/27/01 (45 day supply) and 7/31/01 (90 day supply), is used to treat depression. Ivins was attending group counseling sessions during 2000 as a result of depression. He appeared to have refilled the Celexa(R) prescriptions before the supply was supposed to have been complete. Ivins received a 45 day supply of Celexa(R) on 6/27/01 when he had 33 days remaining on the supply filled 05/02/2001. Additionally, Ivins filled a 90 day supply of Celexa on 7/31/01 when he had 11 days remaining on the 45 day supply filled 6/27/01. treat res USAMRIID Section 7.pdf D 012101Anthrax Page 481 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 06/07/2005 F~d Fiel~ Cephalexin(R), filled 10/18/01 (10 day supply) is an antibiotic. On 10/6/01, Ivins cut his finger but did not seek medical attention. Ivins feared the finger was infected and in an electronic email tol I on 10/16/01, Ivins mentions that he should 11 probably go see someone and start taking antibiotics. 11 1 Doxycycline HYC, filled 10/29/01 (10 day supply) is an antibiotic. No additional information has been obtained regarding this prescription. Diazepam, filled 11/13/01 (6 day supply), is an antianxiety drug containing Valium. No additional information has been obtained regarding this prescription. In an email tol I on 7/30/01, Ivins discussed the fact that he was taking Zyprexa(R). Zyprexa(R) is used on patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia. No additional information has been obtained regarding this prescription. 2 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012102Anthrax ----------- Page 482 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 06/07/2005 F~d Fiel~ Ivins acceded to a polygraph examination on 2/28/02 and at that time Ivins advised the polygraph examiner that he was taking Celexa. An extensive review of electronic mail archives associated with Ivins is ongoing. Additional pertinent information obtained from the review will be documented in a follow-up EC . oo 3 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012103Anthrax Page 483 of 1446 I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o I ?\~~~ o 1 The followina investiqative steps were conducted by ~--~~~--~----------------~Jand started on 04/05/2005 in Frederick, MD. BBTTCE R IVINS genealogy was compiled to produce a visual depiction~f thefamily tree for four generations. The source of the information was The Warren County, Ohio Genealogical Society Obituary Records, The National Comprehensive Report on BRUCE E. IVINS, htt : w~classmates.com search results and Catholic Review Magaz1..ne t www.cat: olJ.creview.or?' search results and email sources. r o Dates of Death for ~? WIL~~IVINS and his wife MAR'x R. IV~S, and T. RAND~LL IVINS acquired from Warren County \ ' Obi tti:aries. "( ' Information regarding the from Warren County Paper obituary section. ._1_:--_____. . .lwas compiled ~====~~~------------------~~~~~as ~----~H~i~g~h-school < Tnformatiom reaar~ina the brothers of BRUCE E IVINSi procured from email sources. information for BRUCE E. IVINS and.___~-~ ~as acquired from http://www.classmates.com. i pformati on procurfd from email sources and from thd~---~~~~~--~---~--~~- for BRUCE E. IVINS. As well as, date of birth information relating to BRUCE E IVINS I I I I An internet search of I article mentioning~~-----------------------~ ' Gatholic Revjew Maaazine ' referenced I an I Attached hereto and considered as part of this document are copies of the above mentioned reports. D USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012104Anthrax Page 484 of 1446 BRUCE E. IVINS FAMILY TREE ., 4 o Mary R. Ivins Retail Drug Business 40 years 1----r----l Died at age 82 Died at age 67 Lebanon, OH DOD 26 Aug. 1954 DOD 27Jan. 1938 C. Wilbur Ivins-Pharmacist b7C ... -->" "" ~ T. Randall Ivins? Died at age 80 of CHF Ran Ivins Pharmacy 1950-71 Mason and Elk Member DOD o 13 Mar. 1985 f-- ,_ Mrs. Ivins? Died of cancer DOD-1970 ' ' USAMRIID Section 7.pdf ~--~~----------~----~ ASIDE: Bruce had his 35th HS Renunion summer of 1999 Lebanon HS 1960?1964 Last Updated 05/2005 012105Anthrax Page 485 of 1446 Hurwich, Saul o' ! o .., Hutchinson, Russell 10 JUl;).e 1954 ILLNESS IS FATAL TO SAUL BURWICK, . Brotller Of Local ?. =5efViCei??.Todir'.?i~:~E Resident Called ~:~~~-~Filr~An~f~~ .. - - . . .. i: j?'.' ... Ru::;st'll A. Hutt'hinson <of Toledu, brothl't'...u.t:,:]Q:t?s. Hal ph L:.-wis, was in U l't'l"iOUS concition and <on his way_ to Photonix, Arizon.n. :\It?. Lewis a~t'ompanied his brothi>r-in- 11 Feb 195; o ' "? o?:?n~,.?~J,.!?,~~-. . . Irwin, Ansel 3 Associated With? Fas.hion~ Shoppe Many Years; Rites Tuesday Following nn -illness of several" months, Saul Hurwich, aged: 60,... died Sunday .at Jewish Hospital in Cincinnati? where he had been Q.' . patient for several weeks. ?.f He had been associated with hi-s" ! wife Ruby in The Fashion Shoppe . ~cr~or more than 35 years.. ..A.; i graduate? of? University ot? Pius.:.~ . burgh, he was an attorney practiced law !or a time Pi~..s-? ' burgh. He was a member of Let>-:.: ? anon Lodge of: Maiso~ Scottish. ?:::~-.} .. .;...~;_!-~.::: . :!??~t; ;l:??~. :;;: :. ?:..Ansel Inrin;?l.ted.57, ?well:~own. Mason' resjdent,' dted:.:Memday. 1 at his home. followin~-. An .ll.Jliess?~~! one year. He had been anoelatej with Muerinich .Motors until re- law but :\f1?. Hult'hin:'lort t'ouldn't continue his fight fot? llf(.' and in Xt!-w Me-xico pnssed away S:.1turcin~: li'l'bt?unry (i, at Hi p.m. Mt?. on Lt.\\:is is a<'<?ompanying- .the bo:ly home, an?ivi)lfi Wlodn"sday. N, funcorul ntTahg-emcnb; havl.' hNon madl.'. .. eently ? : ?? : ? Fun~raf ;~rvic:es will be held at. 2 p. m.? Thursday .at Galllmore i Funeral Home with. burial in Rose 1 Hill Ceme~ry; . ? ?? ? . ? . ?surviving are his wi!e, Lucille, two daughters, Mrs. Eleanor. Mo. ler, Florida; Mra. :Pearl ?Brian, near Ma8on; two sons, Glenn and Clifford. Irwin o!. Mason ?and a brother, Will Irwin o! ? Masono Friends are asked to omit? ::llo.w. ers??? and contribute U). ?the , War"ren ? County ?Cancer? So~iety. in ana . Rjte.. and ..Shrine in Cincinnati''and was past exalted ruler of. the Leb-~ anon?'U>dge ?of Elxs.:??.-:-?.;::;.;-.;;;;;::,?,_ ;::-=: LOUISriAN'A ?woMAN. IS,? COUNTY..'S~_.? SIXTH. . . ' .. ' o ? -- Hutslar, Esther 27May 1954 ? ?? . 1 1? ?;.?Funeral' services ~er:e~hett~?.i'fo.!~ p. m. ?Tuesday :at? ?wen-:Funeiat; Horne in.'Cincinntti'With:.burial.,flt 1 o -r~:s~j~-~~~<~~\~~~~~ TRAFFIC . VI C I M Servi~es Monday i T bro'ther-and .I'otlt".::ailrteli\~:.:... . :~:--:?1. . . ?? ?.. . ? . .? ~ . o' , ': o ., ~ oo 'r o. "~":' ?Mrs:~? M~;u?y -R. IVins -:Ivins, Mary Randall ? 26 Aug 1954 : - ? ? ;.'. _ r ..t.?7t~L,:;:J!'::=, Hut(!lllrlso~- Otto ? -? Mrs:. Killed' Beneath Own Car ?j Rz,?? diedMnry Ran dull. Ivins;'?'~geu. Fridny night at .ChampIn Mason W ednesda~ ? Night ?. ! tcondE>d? .illness. ,O~t~. fi1t'fchin~n?.? ~~? ' ~ ?.. ?~ 10 June 1954 -~t M.iar,s. Rest:.Ho~e .Sunday:~were. held at 10:30 a. m." Wednesday at . Vale??Funeral_Homi:(~:in~::.Morrow oWith: burial~? in .;,Maini!ville ;' Ceme-= .. . ?.....? ??.-o' .:.??. o,. . _ .: .. ~' o'' :??: F.uheral sei:-vices for Otto. ?Hut?'chiils~:m.; ?.aged 78, ?o!: ClarkSville, ? ~oute -!,:retired farmer who? diild "'.'. SuccUinbs"At.'1.8 'SlJ'l? ? death of the year ?was recor tK.l Wednesday nigh't .when a 56-yearold New oOrleans WOIT)an was killed underneatno.her' own'car in the village of 'Mason~ Police Chief Eimer wright, who inves~igate.d, .reported Mrs. E.sther Hutslar was en route to Springfield to visit a nephew. She bi:'? came? tired o! driving and asked 1 her companion, Mrs. Gertrude r p<npou~ l~J ~q.r. 'JOl1Uadl:~ ion- Rl'st Home llc're?? ~fter. an. e:tSh~: ~?as.?n life~iong I rt>sldlmt of Lebanon and the wi, do\V of C. Will}ur''? Ivhl~,?:wiueh?? known Lebanon. aruggisf o... ' .~ Fi.trierul? services w.ere' held Mcindaf?at the convenien'ce' of"tll'e faiuily ?a?t Os\\"nld?? Funerni !ro.ine 'with I b(u?iill -?il1. L~bnnon Cemetery:': , ? Si:li-viving: ar: ?a "s'on, .. :T.., R.nnrl~ll ~r,:-rin~ a~,~~? ~hyee ? .~~and!!_~:n;. :. I? . ~ ?~ .. " . ; Haase,? 52, New Orleans to relieve her They stopped near the Gan:. mo;e Funeral Home. By mistak~, .. ? . ~~ms~ ?~~h~F.:~~-.: Mrs.- Hutslar left the ear? in auto~Jl~.;...~J;~Im.;ot:.~~c;h.~~}~?~~f':e m.atie, drive. As' she. walked in ? ?2i{SIX{grandehil t:J-6nf:--great . :fronl. of othe ? o machine her eomt~;t-:.t.:.:..'Lnd.:t '''~-to&........\,;.?;; ;. Sit I ro ~'l';.=~~~ . o;..o ;,'S~.'(t;.~t"..:;.IS,x:;-);...._..: ; panion ?stepped on the" foot ac.. : Warren? county's.. sixth? traffic? ?:. Hutsla~ down . and ran .over: her. : In her e:ieitement; Mrs. Haase put ? the.~car' in ?.reverse and the car passe$! oyer. her again o. Rushed to Mercy? Hospital in. Hamilton.,. sre Wl!-!1? reported dead on arrival.. : ? Tile body was removed to Littlelen Home iA? Sprlug:tiela oo Her nephewo is ?'Luther Doughman ?a.sl'lbt:int::'po:fiee. .ehlef::o! that.: ct~y. _?___, oo ' ?~!,ry:.:.?.~.;_h~.ci~~~?~!n1}ll:.li~l~h ..f~1: ?elght.?..yea.x:s-.;..~~.-~?:i;:-~Z'::->.i;:f.<,;(1~h.?7?!'?;,;~ *'~~~n'g(afe~:hfs-;':~~~~.fre~i~; o o< oo : ~ ' Funeral 23 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012106Anthrax Page 486 of 1446 .' .._ Mrs. Mabel Ann Ivins, 84, died Aug. 12 at her residence, Lebanon, Route one. She is survived by six daughters, Mrs. Grace Bannest and Mrs. Dorothy Sieler, both of Lockland; Mrs. Catherine Jones, Mrs. Esther Carey and Mrs. Martha Jean Dtmn, all three of I..ebinon, and Mrs. Helen Hauck of Sardinia. Also surviving are four sons, Otarles, Leroy and Clayton, all of Lebanon, ? and Edward of LA:Ickland. Other survivors include 31. grandchildren and 22 great grandchildren. FuDeral services were held Saturday at the Oswald Fu:leral Home with burial in Bethany Cemetery .. Mabel Ann Ivins ? 11 A-Utio If 70 ' ~ . o Stella Jameson Mrs. Stella Jameson, 93, of 111 Mound St., Lebanon, died on Jan. 12 at Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton. She was a lifetime member of the Lebanon Presbyterian. Church. Funeral i'lervlc:es will be conducted at 2 p.m. today <Wednesday) at the Oswald FIUleral.Home with burial in the Lebanon Cemetery. Mrs. Jameeoo. is survived by two daughters, Mrs. Clark Weamer and<Mrs. Cecil Griest both of Lebanon, one granddaughter, and three great? grandchildren. .i y ,.f t9f'l'l Of 7 0 o f1 ~t?~?"?... ? ?~ ..=t: ; o I .. p.m. today at, U.:f4 F"uniu-al . .. With. John Swint Olflleil.attnar: , will be lit Millmi ?--~??~? Gardens o. Mr o.Johnson ?died' MiddletoWn- HciPltaJ. ? . ... . ?i 9 OIS"C. ~tl71L',. !.1 . Services foi ~tck JMJ~t;: 71, of 12S2 Helaine Dr:, FraDklll!. formerly of 8596. S. ldiamiaburiJ,- will be hcl~l~:~~i!.2 .Letcher Juhnsan'i:f ?4 Haroid B. Janney FWleral services and burial for Harold Bradden Janney, former Warren County resident, were held May 7 at Dayton. Age.1 70, he died there May 5. Sur? f viving are the wife, Mary Sophia'? Heaghman Janney; a daughter, Barbara K. Sloan of Oatand five grandchilcfi.en. A son James died two yeari ago. :z.o ""'""~' 117() Surviving .are hit.:' ........ "o?? Rose: two IOulf.'.? ?;of Franklin, and Samuel= i:if Redond9 Be.ach,. Calif.;: ?a? brother, Fred of Franklin-~-. a lister, Mrs. Ollie stanlpe{?of .Morris Fori:, Ky.; lind'-=; !our. grandchildren. . . ? ?. . Joe S. Johnston Funeral services were held Monday for Joe S. Johnston, 78, of 13 Wilson Road, Fairborn. Formerly of Waynesville, Johnston died Friday at his residence. ~2. Ott 11''7tJ He was a retired employe o! National Cash Register and . a member of the Krypton's Kentucky Lodge, number 905 F &AM. ) ?-" Elsie Jvt. y J'l 7o Johnston ,:a. Elsie K. Johnston, 74; of Route 1, Lebanon, passed away July 18 at the West View Nursfni Hpme. She is survived by a daughter, Mrs. Marlin Watkins, of Lebanon; a son, Paul W., of Winchester; and four grandchildren. Private burial services were held at 10:30 a.m. this morning (Wednesday) at Oswald Funeral Home, Lebanon, with interment at Sp.ring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. John E. 7James " IUFr:.. I~ 0 John E?. James, 70, of 445 South , East St., Lebanon, died last We,dnesday in Middletown H01pltal. He Is survived by his wife, Ruth; one son, Dick; ?and a ?. brother, Herschel, all of Henry Johnston ;v. Jrii.Y t9 70 ~~J.ebanon. ~~.. ~al services were held at 2 p.m. Saturday. at Oswald Funeral Home in Lebanon. Burial was at Lebanon Cemetery, o Henry Johnston, 59, Route 1 Morrow, passed away at Epp M~morial Hospital July 21. . Funeral services will be held Thursday at 2 p.m. ?at Vale FWleral Home, with "Interment at South Le'banon Cemetary. VIsitation will be today (Wed!le!lday) from 6-9 p.m. He is survived by a son James, Route 1, Morrow; a daughter, Marlin Kersey, Dayton, two grandchildren; three brothers, Charles of Clarkavllle, Jess of Westboro, and Howard? of Wilmington; One sister, Neva Runyan, of o.~~:. . He is survived? by his wife, Ollie; two daughters, Mrs. Flossie Payne of Phillipsburg and Mrs. Amanda Carwile of Dayton; three sons, John W. of Springfield, Chester L. of Dayton and Denman G .. of Texas; one bother, Wesley of Richmond, Ky; 12 grandchildren, seven great grandchildren and several nieces and. nephews. Funeral services were held at 2p.m. at Seven Pines, Ky. Burial was at Seven Pines Cemetery. Stubbs-Conner Funeral Home was in charge of arrangements. Paul Elton 'Johnston ''l pt;(J 1'17() Paul Elton Johnston of 909 Snider Road, Mason,. died February 12 at Christ Hospital in Cincinnati. He was 74 years old. Mr. Johnston is survived by a sister, Anna McKibben of Dayton, and a brother, Homer Johnston of Snider Road. Funeral services were held on Saturday at 1 p.m. at the Shorten f<'uneral Home in M11on. Burial was in the Monroe Presbyterian Cemetery at Nicholsvllle. USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012107Anthrax Page 487 of 1446 .' Jq$1..-,: Lester J. Hulbert, 88, of 4999 Waynesville Road, Oregonia, died Saturday. June ~ o .at Grandview Hospital, Dayton. ~ He was a retired carpenter and a ?member of the Carpenters' Local Union. ? He was preceded in death by his wife, Abbie Alma. He is ~urvived by one ~aught.er. Sue Kilburn of Miamisourg; one grandson; and one nephew.. _Funeral service was held Tuesday, June 4, at the Stubbs? Conner Funeral Home in Waynesville.-?Burial was in Evergreen Cemetery, West Carrollton. ..:)...)UNa: : . ;. . ?Lester Hulbert o 30. ~ o. SSPr. Jli!S" Mollie Jackson. 97, died Sunday, Sept. 1. at the Quaker Heights Nursing Home, Waynesville. Survivors include tpree daughters, Gladys Elkins. Frieda Petty and Fon Eva Brown: two sisters, Matilda Owens and Nettie Statton; and 20 grandchildren and 31 great-grandchildren. ? Services were held Wednesday, Sept. 4, at the Breitenbach Funeral Home, Middletown. Burial was in Woodside Ce?Ietery, Middletown. T ? IG.~~r:"olil Iame~qrS Formelwarren County resi? dent Arnold W. lames. 67, ofKet? ?tering. died Sunday, Oct. 13. at home. Iames was a member of the Lebanon Eagles Lodge and the Lebanon VFW. He also ?was a member of the? South Park United Methodist Church. Dayton, and the John Durst Scottish Rite. He retired in 1984 from Alemite Co .. where he was a district sales manager. Survivors include his wife. Catherine; a daughter, Barbara Lincoln of Kettering; a brother, Earl Emerick of Hot Springs, '.Ark.; aqd two grandchildren. ? Services will be at 10:30 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 11. at the Routsong' Funeral Home. Oakwood and Irving avenues, Oakwood, with the? Rev. Walter Custer of? hciating. ? ? Calling hours will be from 5 to 9 p.m. today (Wednesday. Oct. 16) at the .funeral home, with Masonic services at 7 p.m. Burial will be in David's Cemetery. Kettering. u Mollie 'Jackson 5 Leaola Hursh, 86. formerly of Middletown and Lebanon. died ? Friday. April 5, at Bethesda Hospital, Cincinnati. She was preceded in death by her husband Lewis Hursh Sr. in 1952. She is .survived by two daughters, Elaine Jordan of Darien, Conn .o and Mildred Crane of Lebanon: two sons. Robert Lee Sr. of Cincinnati with whom she made her home. for the past 24 years. and Lewis Hursh Jr. of Springboro: ~4 grandchildren: and 18 great grandchildren. Funeral services were held Tuesday. April 9, at Vorhis Funeral Home. Middletown. In? terment was in Woodside Cemetery, Middletown. . 17? APR. Leaola Hursh ,. . I q f?.;:; ? 17 ..J tU..'l 1'1 iv Nora N. Jadwin, 94, of the Ot? terbein Home, near Lebanon, died there Wednesday, July 10. A memorial service will be held at the convenience of the family. Nora Jadwin .r" , Chauncey Jeffers ... .'. ..<tJ D. F?.8. /9 f!j " ? - Randall Ivins 13-MAF\. - 1'18'5"" ) T. Randall Ivins. 80. formerly of Lebanon. died Wednesday. Marfh 6. in Freder~ck. Md .. where he lived. Mr. Ivins operated Ivins Phar-. macy in Letknon from 1950 to 1971. After his retirement. he worked as a substitute teacher in the Lebanon schools. He was a member of the Lebanon Elks _Lodge 422 and the Lebanon . Masonic Lodge 26. He is survived by three sons. Thomas of Middletown. Charll!s a( California and Bruce of Frederick. Md. . Services? were? held Monday. March 11. at the Oswald Funeral Home. Lebanon. Rev. William Johrison officiated. Burial was in. Lebanon Cemetery. Memorial donations can be made to the American Heart Association. _ Rev. Chauncey .E..Jeffers. 95,' of the Otterbein Home, near Lebanon. died Wednesday, Feb. ' Lena Iorns otS" 13, at Middletown Regional 11 s~. 1F Hospital. Lena M. forns, 92. East U.S. Rev. Jeffers was a graduate of 22?3, Morrow. died Tuesday. Taylor ?University, Wesley? Sept. 3 at Bethesda,Care Warren Theological Seminary. He was for County following a traffic a<;:ci? 70 years a minister in the dent.? Methodist Protestant, the Born Lebanon. she was a.' Methodist, ?and the United member of the Lebanon Methodist churches. For the past ' Presbyterian? Church and a seven years. he was active ?in charter member of the Warren volunteer service at the Otterbein County Historical Society. Home. Survivors include a son, He is survived by his wife, Em? Herschel of Williamsburg, Ky.; a ma Jeffers; two sons. Gleq pf sister, Lucy Settlemire of Xenia: Fostoria and Harold of Chester and one granddaughter. Hill; two daughters, Mrs. She was preceded in death by Rosemary Osborn of Newark and three sisters, Helen Chamberlain, Mrs. Miriam Wagner of Dayton: Etta Nixon. and Grace Middleton. 16 grandchildren and 14 greatand a brother, Walter. grandchildren. Services were held Friday. Memorial services will be held Sept. 6, at the Lebanon Saturday. ?Feb. 23, at the OtterPresbyterian Church with the bein Home Chapel at 2 p.m. Rev. Rev. William Johnson officiating. W.illiam? McOmber will officiate. C~:mtrib~t~or;s n:tay be ?Ia~e to , Burial . wilt'. be? in .otterbein 1 Cemetery. either the Warren County Historical Society or the Lebanon Presbyterian Church. The Oswald Funeral Home, Lebanon, was in charge of ar? rangements. in USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012108Anthrax Page 488 of 1446 { ~~~(lU,JPYl /Vl~"~'r;i~~-pua:et ff .... .( 1 l ~~{<;.,~:{{:-~?? ~ANKL~N A~::J:'.7A:F~re Mfers, Fla., died F:.rlda~' evenmg ?,?? \-: ?.: ~ : ......._ :?.~ ~? ? Born in Middletown, he w~r~ed as ex? ecutive secretary of .the Bmldmg T~arl~ Council of Dayton. -In 1{182, he retire arid moved to Florida. h. ~U?:. ;. -He is survived by his Wife,- !da; IS ![:-~ i 'mother, Mrs. Margare~ Hu.tch.mson of :i,.,_ '"tdd1etow'n:, a son , WalterMThomas. of u.t .. ? .o -1n1 p ggy ?; '(;',.s, : ? F'r~nkltn: one daughter, rs. e . ???:~ York o! Terre Haufe, Ind.~ one br.other, ?: ~ William. of Middeltown; tw~ SJste~s, .. Sister Ann Hutcliinson of Indlanapohs, . : a'rid Mrs..Mary Web~ of Clearwater, FliL; and ttve grandchtldre~. ? . . aMass of 'Christi!ln ? Bur1al Will . b!'! W~dnesda_y at 1oa.m. at the Holy Trtm? in Mi~~e~own\ th~ Re~. George Klein offJcJatmg. Bur.u~l ..yill follow at Woodside Cemetery..VISllatJOn will be !fuesday from 7 to. 9 p.m. at t~e Wilson-Schramm .Memorial Home m ?Middletown. ? b t , Memorial contributions may e .sen 'tO. the American .C!lncer Soctety: .asbe~tosEesearch. ? '\; '-.0::1 at North Fort Myers Hosp1tal. ! o - Former ' ~,'t?i:ll"'!nt ?'1'idnas Josepho1iul kim Icslon, o69 ?. of ?LEBANON ~ MUton Ingles, 76 of Cellna, formerly of Lebanon, died at his home Thursday. He was preceded in death? by his wife, M. Jeanette, In 1983. Survivors include a dau~ter, Mrs. Jo Anne Adkins of Celina, three . grandchfldren and a great; grandchild.'? ?Funefal"servJces will be at 11 a.m. Monday at the Oswald Funeral Home here. Burial will follow--at Miami Valley Memory Gardens. ? ? Visitation will be Sunday from 2 to 5 and 7 to 9 p.m. at the funeral home. 1 o ?\ frl~J(o11:~.11Jgles ;\~~? 6 ., r .ltallUI:llllYIDS 1/71: LEBANON.- T. Randall Ivins, 80, of Frederick Md., a former longtime Lebanon:restdent, died Wednesday~~ Homewood Retirement Center m Frederick where he had resided the past year. He operated the Ivins Pharmacy here from 1950 to 1971 and was a substitute teacher in Lebanon schools after retirement. He was a member of ? the Lebanon Elks Lodge 422 and Lebanon Masonic Lodge 26. ? He is survived? by three sons, Thomas of Middletown, Charles W. of California and Bruce of Frederick, andthreegrandchildren. Services will be at 11 a.m. Monday at the'Oswilld Funeral Home. Burial will be in Lebanon Cemetery. Visitation will be Monday one hour before ? services at th~ funeral home.' .1. o ?.I .. _...:....::::.:... ty ' Madison. Fla. and Mr5.:-::ctara''. P.rice ?of' Glenda!~. Calif.: two ? gran~daugpters. ? -~?:. .. ? :~~<<'? ?'?.f:\. ;serv:c;e_s.~ll be ~~~~o~-1}~!'5.Pay! ~, ? . .J~[ov. ?~A.~.~L. 2- p.xpt'~''oi\t~t.t~e?. Unglestiyt-;.~nderson :Funeral. ? J:{ome;, f.r:w.Iqt,n. wit4:.J#~? .Rev. James Maggard . off~ciating. ? Burial :? wi~l,) be ?in Spl)ngboro ? Cemetery~ Visitation will be Wednesday, Nov. 20 from 4 to 9 ? p.rri.'afffie??furieral iiome:? ? ? .r rta.. Mrs.. Maigar~t: ?;:w.~m~s.~.<?(;. Louis (Bud) Jeffery. 66, of 44~ Skokfaan Drive. Franklin, died . .~" . -? . '. --T ?-? ?----.. . . . . . ----: I ' Nov. 17 at Middletown Regionaf ?. Hospital. ? ? He- retired from Stone Con? tainer, Franklin in 1975. He was a veteran of. World War II. . o . : Survivors include his wife, . Phyllis: oqe son, Ti;acy, ho~e: . .daughters, M:rs. Diana . ~~~? of Webster. Fla..?aiJ.t;i?,.M~.,.~~-&1?!~. ? Moore of Franklfm-fiv?, l;lrqtliers~ ?' ; . Charles of :Hafifsoh;?. of . i .car' isle.}._~ Lar~~>? 1 of:h, F?'~nJHtii ..~; t '~'\ o o . !. 1 Robert and Merle,?.both ofPalmeh ?'"'!i' ~~ t;O, o F.l. ?? t'hr...i"\r\'.wr???t?:?wo1flfi!wM??? rs~ ... a.:.ce:;. s s ers.-,.1 ""'i!f.. ~?.Mildred?~" Morton?: Btactdnton~;~.; ~P. Lou~s Jeffery 11 ~q;SJr . at ;James' o ot-o o}. ,,,. of. .:.' ,:? .,.~ ~~J61ifi~J?auLi2?:. ,, ~o ';.. "'?/.'.6 ., ,....... . . .f?. -. . f.,.;;_:rg~~ +?.p~ ?. : . ?ahes .:? .-~ ~~N-''I I ~8 1 J. -;~,. M~r: Johnson was born m ?Madison . Mrs Bonme -Morton of Nicholsvme' fCoun y, Ky.,. and had lived in the Carli? Ky., and Mrs. Doris Turpin of Rich! ~:.?sle ea for most of his life. He had mo~, Ky.; and five grandchildren ?.#.work d as a foreman at the Valley Sheet S vices were held Friday at the ,:~Met. Co. In Middletown. He? held the Ung esby?Anderson Funeral Home with J sergeant In the U.S. Army dur? ? th.e Gwinn officiating, Burial ? ? lng World War II and was a member of . Will em Sprmgboro Cemetery ?;, Beth~ny Baptist Church. ? , . ? ( :~ Ave.,ldied Monday, Nov. 18, at KetterJo_h on of Waco, Ky.; four brothers :~log Medical Center where he had been. a j o WUI rd of Waco, Lawrence of Glendale' o?patient? for two wee.ks. He had beeq ill " Olr:, Russel! of C~arwater,. Fl., and' : f for a fang period of time: ? ?. ? ? . Ha ld of ~tddletown; and two sisters _ : C~rl sle and K~nny, Ted and Everett of ,? MrJ Neal Johnson, 59, 23q Walnut . M1"Ietown; h1s mother, Mr8. Randa 0 hfiSOfi:..;t7M.., E'Thel a; f1ve sons:-?Fred and!Terry of . 19~S"" Hi~'. ?~.u~vivors.. ,fn!::liid~. ..his 'wife ran~of e~. Lo~a fi'.-:, hJl Patit Jone5:??'7ff:.of 1930 :Da:Ie?Ave., Franklin, died Jan. 21 at' Gtandview Hospital, payto:ri. He is survived by his wife, B~t- ty: si::ln John Jones of Dayton; three daughters, Mrs. Linda 'Dalton of Carlisle, Mrs. Susan :Craycraft of Fran~??~~~ Mi;s.. Louise Hall of Michigap; .two brothers, Arthur of Missouri and 'Earf of Zanesville; ?two: ?sisters, Mrs. Rose Burden of McComb and Mrs. Lucille ? Atrash of Findlay: 18 grand9hildren and three great-grandchpdren. . I''uneral services will be hetd Thursday, Jan. 24 at 1 p.m. at the Unglesby. Funeral Home, Franklin. Visitation will be Wednesday, Jan. 23 from 4 to 9 p.m. at the funeral home. Burial will be at Woodhill Cemetery, Franklin. .. USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012109Anthrax Page 489 of 1446 -~El~~ifY\f. lgO;~~-?/YlA \J ? ] I ?--;-73:? ? Madison Road, Midgletowh,'died at - ?3?p.m. Sunday, May 5, 1996, at his ~ residence .. Born In More. 'head, Ky., on ?(Aprff 1,? 1923, ~ h"e lived here o .most of his. ? _ life. Mr. lgo . was employed ~ 'in the 'factory , at?lnland .Con- ? 'tainer Corp. for , 32 years. He ; retired in?. Mr.lgo? t. 1984.- He was o .'a member of the Fuii.Gospel Out:;:reach Pentecostal Church of ~od ?: Surviving are his wife of 53 years, -~?9arrie J.; three sons; Eddie LeRoy o !go of Franklin and Richard and Jef'"';frey lgo, both of Middletown; a ....daughter, Linda S. Nolen of Franklin; ? _-eigl)t grandc.hildren; two great-grand? ~.~Phildren;? a brother, Harry ofToledo; ?.'and a sister, Betty Jane Cecil of ?? Moreliead, Ky. .. ?. , He was preceded in death by three obroth~rs, Jeonarct, -suck and Roy lgo; and a sister, Myrtle Carroll. T ARRANGEMENTS: Funeral services are set for 2 p.m. Wednesday at the Joseph R. Baker Funeral . Home, with the f3ev. James Magg13rd officiating. Burial will be at Woodside Cemetery. ? El~i~\~:1go~ ~f 69?6{~r:nl Frec;la B..:_Inloes. . /_ o q F ~ a. .-? I q q y:.> CHAUTAUQUA Mrs. Freda _c. Blanche Inloes, 80, of 10041 Elanja Drive, Miamisburg (ChaJ.:!.tauqua), ?died at 7:10 a.m. Thursday at. the :Sarbara Parke? Care Center m Middletown. A homemaker, ~he was hom on March 1, 1915, m College Corner, Ohio, and formerly' resided in Oxford. ? Mrs. Inloes is survived by her husband of 54 years, Louis .H.; tlp:ee sons, Bob of Fairfield, Ed? of Ca::lisle and ..Gerald? of San Antomo, Texas; a .o da~ghter, Marth~ L. Reese. ofMianupburg; two s1sters, H1lda AgAew of Eaton and Patty Master of Oxford;?. seven grandchildren, Juli Reese, Diana Reese Clary and David, Nichole, J~rry, Stephen arid Christoph.er fuloe~; a~d two great-grandchildren. . She was preceded in death by .two grandchildren, Susan Reese in 1992 and Brett Inloes in 1977. Funeral services will be at 2 p.m. Saturday at tP,e UnglesbyAnderson Fimeral, 1357 E. Second St., Franklin, with the Rev. Ted Holstein officiating. Burial wilf be in Butler County Memorial Park.' Ch. 1"" F-"" 1 ~1 '- Inni' 8 f. . . ar ....s : t~I.J:\JJ.l.t. ~?. 0, o .. ? Kings Mills, d!ed Mon~ay. Feb. 19 at Bethesda North Hospital. ? fie was' boni in 19i,5 in Maineville and had been employed .in machine repair with Ford Motor Co. He was? an Army veteran~ . He . . \ was preceded m death by his parents Lulu Mae (Kendle) and . Lucian Inilis. He is survived by wife Miriam (Boger) Innis; si'sters Mildred Holden o? Urbana and Janet McDaniel. of Lebanon; brothers John of Dayton R b rt f Bl . . , o e o ue ASp? and Lester of Montgomery:? and?many nieces and nephe'Ws.' ? Funeral service was held W?nesday, FeD,. 21 at 1:30 p.m. Tufts Schildmeyer Fa~ily Funeral Chapel in Loveland with l::iuna(at Hopkinsvill c t . e erne ery. Charle~lnnis;ti FE..B?I<tttt, 7 at _- .:-:_dladys::-H?Zel (Gum) Ivins, s9{ of:?i:ebatlo~..f~r m:ost "of he~ life;.,died?.J?onday, ..r~. ~2.: .. sh~?~:w~s ?'born' iii Marlinto~. ? . "(i ~ .. <<. ?.\;..:?'~;o.r;?;19o6 h:i~Harry , W, V~ on .O.'Oll.l I , , 1 ? o~??ailc1:w6&lsie 'FIPiice~t(fuitufiJ Gh:~dy~.:~v.irl~ 1~~~~~ Jf{'lG .. . . ? ?G?,.: - ; sl:le:?retired .in ?1973. 8.ft.er .. um .. . . ? .29 years: as a secret~ for the .wa.&en..- Courity Board.? of ?Edl:icatlon.and was a member of ? tii;..~hanon: United Methodist '?chli?.ch:,: ?~nci: tfi:e .Lebano~. cainriitiD:I.ifclub. ? ?. . ! . ..,she.:?~~~ ?.J?receded in death . . by:h~~-p~e~ts; an9- husband Charles.on.Oct.,26, 1994o. .:<:~viSifatioho....~:;oe??Thui-sd?-Y? : .. ": .o. .;1'..... o ~ ";:"'~.~ .-~?- -l- oo ' o o ' o "' Jru{!.:2s~r~9m.::s:.i?.p:ni. .with funeral?seiVice Friday, .Jan. 26 a~. 10 ... a.m .. ail: at OswaldHoskins Funeral Home, Lebanon?? with Rev. James Ludwiqk ?officiating. Burial Will follow in ~banon Cemetery. oj USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012110Anthrax Page 490 of 1446 james lnn'is ~ ~~% James Robert "Bob"innis, 84. a native of Maineville, died Friday. Jan. 2 at Blue. Ash Nur$ing Home. He was a graduate engineer of the University of o r Cincinnati .and was retired from Coulter Electronics Inc. of Hialeah, Fla. ?? He was 'Past Patron of Fair:mount Chapter 352 OES, Past Master of Excelsior Lodge 369 F&AM, member of the Price Hill Chapter 164 RAM, McMillan Lodge 141 F&AM, Valley: of Cincinnati Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, and was a member of the Crystal River. Fla. United Methodist Church. He 'Was precz:led in death by rJs Wife of 53 years, Jean Blum Innis; parents Lucian and Lulu Mae Innis; brothers Howard L. and Charles F. 'Tad~ Innis; sisters-in-law Bette B. Innis and Miriam B. Innis; and brother-in-law Robert McDaniel. He is survived by son James R. Jr. and daughter-in-law Carolyn C. of Harrison; grandchildren Julfa G. of Baltimore, Md. and Robert P. of San Francisco; sisters Mildred Holden and husband Travis of Urbana and Janet McDaniel of Lebanon; brothers Lester and wife Ruth B. of Montgomery and John William "Joe" of Dayton; brotherin-law Waiter Blum Jr. and? Wife Vrrginia S. of Maineville; and 18 nieces and nephews. ? Funeral service was held Tuesday. Jan. 6 at Paul R. Young Funeral Home,? Mt Healthy with Visitation Monday, Jan. 5. Burial was at Baltimore Pike Cemetery, Cincinnati. Fairmount 352 OES services were held Monday. Clayton Blake Ivins. 85, of Dick A. Irelan. 86, of Lebanon died Saturday. Dec. 5. Waynesville died Saturday, Dec. He was born Nov. l. 1913 in 19 at Otterbein-Lebanon. Tulahoma. Tenn. to Hany L. and He graduated from Steele High Mabel (Blake) Ivins. He was a School in Dayton and Ohio World War II U.S. ?Armv veteran. University in:Athens, where he He worked for both. Warren was a Beta Theta Pi. County and Turtlecreek Township He was a member of the First as a mechanic before retiring from Church of Christ: Scientist .. Doebler Brother;:; Inc. in 1978. He Centerville, Sons of the American was a member of the Bethany Revolution Montgomery Chapter, United Church of Christ. Dayton, Dayton Masonic Lodge . He? was preceded in death by 147 F&AM, Scottish Rite, York his parents; brothers Charles, Rite and? Antioch temple all in Leroy, Edward and Robert; and Dayton, OES Chapter107 in sisters Dorothy, Grace and June. WaynesVille, the Warren County Survivors include his. Wife of 52 Sb,ririe Club, the Little Miami . years, Shirley (St. John) IVins of River Association (charter memLebanon; sons Richard of ber) and past president and grand Cincin;nati and Randy and his wife m.arshal of the Warren County Cyndi of Evendale; daughter Gail Fair Board. and her husband Jeff Clark of He \vas preceded in death by Cincinnati; sisters Jean Dunn and his s~ter Wilma Knowlton.. Catherine Jones both of Lebanon, Esther Carey of Kissimmee, Fla. __ ,. .. --??-- ?~ He is survived by his wife Lutie and He~en .Hauck of Hamden, Ohio; anci"-,graildcllilclren Rachael ,~M.; four daughters and sons-h?-and Nicholas IVins. ?:'law Patricia A. and Mark Mason ? Visitation was Tuesday, Dec. 8 of Waynesville, Lynne M. and with funeral sel;Vice Wednesday, Kent Lindsey of Chicago, DeborahDec. '9. all at Oswald-Hoskins J ...and Gary Harlow of ?Funeral Ho.me. Lebanon With Beavercreek and Mary Beth Irelan Pastor. Allen Wentworth officiating. of Georgetown, Ky.; grandchildren ?Interment was at Bethany Victoria Williams, Jennifer Ceme:tery. ? , Miroballi, Vance Vair; Gregg ? .Me~orials are requesteg to the Harlow, Jeff Lindsey, Grant Alzheimer's Association, 644 Linn Harlow, Tiffany ?wnson-Mobley, . St., Suite 1026, Cincinnati, Ohio? Vanessa Woods, Hailey Beth 45203. Wilson and Layne Peden; nine great-grandchildren; and brothers Frank of Texas and Patrick of WaynesVille. Funeral service was Tuesday, Dec. 22 at Stubbs-Conner Funenu Home, Way.nesVille. If desired, contributions may ?be made to Shriners Hospitals or the First Church of Christ 'Scientist, Centerville. ..,..~ -~~ Dick Irelan 11 f' <1' o Clayton Ivins 179 ~ _ 8 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012111Anthrax Page 491 of 1446 ! o ( . Clas~mates - View P;ofile \,t Classmates Home Page 3 of3 I My Profile I My Account I Careers I Help I Log Out About Classmates Online 1 About United Online I Advertisers 1 Investors Terms of Service I Privacy Policy I Your California Privacy Rights Copyright (C) 1996-2005 Classmates Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012112Anthrax Page 492 of 1446 , Clas~mates ~ View Profile o , 'I ~ f A Yahoo! Personals View photos of available singles! US SEARCH o ~ Page 2 of2 HaveyouhadaU.S. drlver'.sllcen.sefor morethan3 years? () Yes ()No - Our Partners - FIND ANYONE Free Initial Results! Pt.wered bV r11 WinFreeStuff.com Band of Support Enter for a Hummer Breast Cancer Site Click to Save Lives ~-. ~-~--.::?.) YA:E!OO! perso~tals ~'~~;) USSEARCB; Has arty driver in your household had 2 or moreacddentsor movlngviolatioJU in th~ last 3 vears? ()Yes() No CLASSJ\i.t\TES ONliNE IS A UNITED ONUNE COMPANY Classmates Home 1 [lU NIT E t ~~oN t 1111 0' I My Profile I My Account I Careers I Help I Log Out About Classmates Online I About United Online I Advertisers I Investors Terms of Service 1 Privacy Policy 1 Your California Privacy Rights Copyright.(C) 1996-2005 Classmates Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012113Anthrax Page 493 of 1446 . Search . . o Y military Start Here: First Name o Page 1 ofl L_ Last Name State (C\search) sohools f work & careers (colleges Ygroups Jmy profile ( tna!;Ja~ine '1 !FEATURED PART~ERSI First Name* bruce *required Advanced People Search o o o o o o o o o o o ?YOUR SEARCH RESULTS (PEOPLE)?? o o o o o o?? o o o PEOPLE - SCHOOL 1-1 of 1 matches found First Bruce Photos of Guys t) Get your OWN site~ FIND OLD FRIENDS Bad Credit Refinance What's Your IO? ~ Real Estate Listings PEOPLE - COLLEGE PEOPLE - WORK PEOPLE- MILITARY Page: 1 Last Ivins Place Lebanon High School City Lebanon State OH Years 1990-1964 'a(g)email me! Page: 1 1-1 of 1 matches found Icon Key: ':!(g) Email .g:?1 Add to My Network -Partner Offer- I 'b~ Last Name (req) Advanced Public Records Search First Name Ml - Partner Offer- Start Here> r?-~ Public Records Find: Approx. Age [~~-~~~!_o_u.!!.cU~.~9:.EJ l.SOO.US.SEARCH c~~~-=J =~= 1~~ @Jya~~.allr I First Name: Last Name: 1. 8(10, US.S.BAR.CH - Our Partners - Yahoo! Personals View photos of available singles! 1.800.US.SEARCH WinFreeStuff.com Band of Support Find Friends. Free Enter for a Hummer Breast Cancer Preview Search! Site Click to Save f'I)Wl!red by r11 YA:E:OOf. personalS US SEARCH ----~..~,- ..-~---, ___. . ? - ? - - - - - ? - - ? - - - ---? ?------?-.. Classmates Home a.P..ssMATEs oNuNE 1s. A uNrrrn oNliNE caMP~ !guN 1rED' ?------- ---~-?-i__o~~ I Mv Profile I My Account I Careers I Help I Log Out About Classmates Online 1 About United Online 1 Advertisers 1 Investors Terms of Service 1 Privacy Policy I Your California Privacy Rights Copyright (C) 1996-2005 Classmates Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012114Anthrax Page 494 of 1446 " . WebForml I; .' j,; ,p ,.,, ).I o 1 ALL INFORM.ATI ON CONTAHIED o Page 1 of2 FOR ARTICLES ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 20051 GO TO ELECTRONIC EDITION Monda~ Today's News Photo Reprints Movie Links Archives Faith on the Internet Faith Alive! Electronic Paper About Us Contact Advertising Subscriptions The Cathedral Foundation Cathedral Press L'Osservatore Romano Catholic Printing Services Advertising Media Plus Catholic Store 400 Prayer requests offered in March Shop for Books, Subscriptions a: CD?ROMs at the CATHOLIC BOOK STORE New Search a: Video Reviews Documents found: 1 Book Reviews Date Title 6/4/2002 Academic Scholarship Winners 1 Buy Photos@ d!tphoba Today's News 1 Week in Pictures 1 Movie a: Video Reviews 1 Links 1 Archives I Faith on the Internet I Faith Alive! 5/16/2005 http://www.catholicreview.org/pages/searchnet/crsearch.aspx USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012115Anthrax Page 495 of 1446 WebForml IJ ~} '"I Electronic Paper I About Us I Contact I Advertising I Subscriptions 1The Cathedral Foundation 1 Cathedral Press L'Osservatore Romano 1 Catholic Printing Services 1 Advertising Media Plus 1 Catholic Store Copyright (C) 2004 The Catholic Review o o Page 2 of2 http://www.catholicreview.org/pages/searchnet/crsearch.aspx USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 5/16/2005 012116Anthrax Page 496 of 1446 o I 2 7 9A- WF- 2 2 2 9 3 6- USAMRI ID- \ ~ -Y5 o J I _ Agent . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ The followin9 investigation was conducted by Special _.Jon 06/28/2005: Writer accessed www.uspto.gov, operated by the United States Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark Office. Using the search engine at www.uspto.gov. a search was conducted for all granted patents and applications that listed "Ivins" as an inventor. The database searched included all patents since 1976. The search engine revealed two patents listing Ivins, Bruce on the inventor line. These patents are as follows: 2) a vaccine for anthrax," was originally fi ed on arch 7, 2000 and was 2002 under the patent number 6,387,665. A search was also conducted for~~----------~ mentioned website. The onl result returned from the patent labeled L-~~--~~------~~~------------~~--~---, mentioned above. Base on t ~s searc , ~t appears only has one patent under his name. Printouts from the abovementioned searches for each of the patents are attached to and made part of this document. Administrative: The abovementioned search was performed in response to emails found during?a review of electronic evidence gathered during the investigat?ion into Major Case 184. The emails in question were authored by BRUCE IVINS on April 15 and 16, 1999. The emails discussed the process involved with filing the patent. Copies of these emails are attached to and made part of this document. D' USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012117Anthrax Page 497 of 1446 ~nited States Patent: 6,387,665. o ' I> USPTO PATENT FULL-TEXT AND IMAGE! DATABASE! Home )[ o Page 1 ofll ~ ](Advanced]( Pat Num ]( !:fiili! Hit Ust J( Previous 1 ( ~ 1 Bottom ( (View Cart] [Add to Cart) Images ] (2 of 12) United States Patent Ivins , al. et 6,387,665 May 14,2002 Method of making a vaccine for anthrax Abstract A method of making a vaccine for anthracis that inolves a bacterial expression system and production and use of protective antigen (PA) against Bacillus anthracis. The PA immunogen is useful in a vaccine against human anthrax. The PA can be produced by an asporogenic organism which produces the desired antigen, which is then harvested from the supernatant. Inventors: Ivins; Bruce (Frederick, MD); Worsham; Patricia (Jefferson, MD); Friedlander; Arthur M. (Gaithersburg, MD); Farchaus; Joseph W. (Frederick, MD); Welkos; Susan L. (Frederick, MD) Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army (Washington, DC) Appl. No.: 520215 Filed: March 7~ 2000 Current U.S. Class: Intern 'I Class: Field of Search: 435171.1; 424/184.1; 424/234.1; 424/246.1; 435/69.1; 435/69.4; 435/252.3; 435/252.31; 435/320.1; 435/485; 530/350 C12P 021/04 424/184.1,234.1,246.1 530/350 435/69.1,69,71.1,320.1,172.1,172.3,252.3,252.31,200.1 References Cited [Referenced By.J 3208909 4455142 5071748 5077214 Sep., 1965 Jun., 1984 Dec., 1991 Dec., 1991 U.S. Patent Documents Puziss et al. Martins et al. Miller. . Guarino et al. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtmllsear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012118Anthrax Page 498 of 1446 ~nited States Patent: 6,387,665. \~ 5081029 Jan., 1992 Zarling et al. Other References o Page2 ofll Ivins et al. European J. Epidemiology. Mar. 1988. 4(1): 12-19* Ivins et al. Clin. Immunology Newsletter. 9(2): 30-32, 1988.* Uptake of Congo red by Virulent Strains of Bacillus Anthracis, Worsham et al., 1991 ASM Abstracts, p. 75. Understanding Biotechnology Law, edited by Gale R Peterson, Marcel Dekker, Inc., (date unknown). Vaccine Efficacy of Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Produced in Pokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Ivins, et al., Inst. Infect. Dis., Ft. Detric Frederick, MD, May 25, 1994. Immunization Against Anthrax with Aromatic Compound Dependent (Aro-) Mutants of Bacillus anthracis and with Recombinant Strains of Bacillus subtilis that Produce Anthrax Protective Antigen; Ivins, et al., Infect. and Immunity, Nov. 1986, vol. 54, No.2, pp. 537542. Cloning and Expression ofteh Bacillus anthracis, Ivins, et al.; Infect and Immunity, May 1986, vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 454-458. Expression of the Bacillus antracis Protective Antigen Gene by Baculovirus and Vaccinia Virus Recombinants; Icono-Connors, et al., Infect. and Immunity, Feb. 1990, vol. 58, No.2, pp. 366-3 72. Protection against Anthrax with Recombinant Virus-Expressed Protective Antigen in Experimental Animals; Iacono-Connors, et al., Infect. and Immunity, Jun. 1991, vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 1961-1965. Primary Examiner: Graser; Jennifer E. Attorney, Agent or Firm: Arwine; Elizabeth, Moran; John Francis, Harris; Charles H. Parent Case Text This application is a divisional application ofSer. No. 08/346,238 filed Nov. 23, 1994, said application allowed. Claims What is claimed is: 1. A method of making a vaccine comprising: incorporating a protective antigen produced by recombinant asporogenic B. anthracis with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein said recombinant asporogenic B. anthracis was isolated from a .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA102) strain of bacteria and said recombinant asporogenic B. anthracis does not have the ability to bind a dye when grown on Congo Red Agar. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the recombinant asporogenic B. anthracis is B. Anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA 102)CR4. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtmllsear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012119Anthrax Page 499 of 1446 ~nited States Patent: 6,387,665. <I o Description Page 3 ofll 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the vaccine is in the form of a suspension. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the vaccine is in the form of buffered suspension. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein said carrier is an adjuvant. FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the bacterial expression system, production and use of protective antigen (PA) against Bacillus anthracis. The PA immunogen is useful in vaccine against human anthrax. The PA can be produced by an asporogenic organism which overproduces the desired antigen, which is then harvested from the supernatant. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent responsible for anthrax, a disease often found in persons exposed to infected animals or their products. Persons particularly exposed to animals include veterinarians, laboratory technicians, ranchers and employees working with skin or hair of animals. The mode of entry into the body may be the skin or, when contaminated meat is eaten, the gastrointestinal tract. Inhaling of spores can cause -inhalation anthrax, a disease that can be fatal. Vaccines against Bacillus anthracis have been available. Virulent strains of the organism produce two toxins and a polyD-glutamic acid capsule which are coded for on two endogenous plasmids, pX01 and pX02, respectively. Loss of either of the plasmids results in an attenuated strain of reduced virulence, while loss of both results in an avirulent organism. The history of the USAMRIID Sterne strain of B. anthracis prior to 1981 is uncertain, though it is believed to be derived from the Sterne strain isolated at the Onderstpoort Research Laboratory in Pretoria, South Africa. In 1985 the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) gene was cloned into a plasmid (pUB 11 0) resulting in the formation of a recombinant plasmid identified as pPAl 02, which was reported in the literature (Ivins and Welkos, Infection and Immunity, 54:537-542 (1986)). The production of vaccines lacking lethal factor was possible thereby. However, a primary problem remained, since the Bacillus anthracis formed spores. Once spores have formed, they persist in the environment for months and years. Once the laboratory environment contains such spores, it is very difficult to free the environment of the spores. It was also previously reported that protective antigen (PA) could be produced in baculovirus. [IaconoConners, et al., Infection and Immunity, 58:366-372 (1990); Iacono-Conners, et al., Infection and Immunity, 59:1961-1965 (1991)] A major problem in production of the PAin the baculovirus disclosed therein is that the desired antigen requires a complex purification process. Even after purification by immune-affinity chromatography, undesired cellular material continues to contaminate the desired product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The instant invention provides organisms which produce protective antigen (PA) lacking lethal factor and edema factor proteins which, when present as contaminants in vaccine, can cause serious side http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sect1 =PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012120Anthrax Page 500 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,387,665. ,. effects. The producing organisms of the invention are also, surprisingly, non-sporulating. Furthermore, the desired antigen is expressed into the supernatant. Hence, the protective antigen produced is easily purified and, though protective, does not cause many of the troublesome side effects of prior art vaccines. The organisms of the invention lacking spore-forming function may be killed by heat shock at temperatures as low as 60.degree. C. for 60 minutes. Hence, contamination of the environment with viable spore-forming organisms is easily avoided and decontamination is easily accomplished. Genesis of .DELTA.Sterne-1 (pPA1 02)CR4: A 6 kb Bam Ill fragment harboring the PA structural gene isolated from the endogenous Sterne plasmid pXO 1 was ligated into plasmid pBR322 and cloned into Escherichia coli bacteria 01odkin and Leppla, 1983). From the resultant recombinant plasmid pSE36, the 6 kb fragment was then subcloned into the gram-positive vector pUB 110 using the Bam Ill restriction site. The resulting plasmid was transformed into B. subtilis IS 53 and two stable PA producing, kanamycin resistant isolates were found (pPA1 01 and pPA102) (Ivins and Welkos, 1986). Subsequent analysis of the plasmids revealed that both had suffered spontaneous deletions. The pPA102 was found to have lost4.2 kb ofDNAfrom 363 bp 3' of the kanamycin resistance gene to approximately 164 bp 5' of the start of the PA structural gene, a result consistent with the observed inactivation of the phleomycin resistance gene of pUB 110. The plasmid was then electrotransformedinto .DELTA.Sterne-1, a plasmid-free strain ofB. anthracis (Infection and Immunity, 52:454-458 (1986) and transformants were selected for kanamycin resistance. Transformants displaying a stable PA+, kanamycin resistant, (LF-, EF-, capsule-) phenotype were selected. This strain, .DELTA.Sterne-l(pPA102), was then subjected to Congo Red agar selection for mutants displaying an inability to bind the dye, a characteristic 1mown to correlate with an asporogenic phenotype (Worsham, submitted). The selected isolate, now designated .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4 was further subcultured three times to insure that a single clone was isolated. This clone has served as the seed stock for all research and development of fermentation conditions, and purification of PA. Materials and Methods: Fermentation Conditions Media: FA medium was used for all plates and liquid cultures described here unless otherwise specified. FA medium consisted of 33 g/1 tryptone (Difco), 20 g/1 yeast extract (Difco), 2 g/1 L-histidine, 8 g/1 Na2HP04, 7.4 g/1 NaCl, 4 g/1 KH2P04 adjusted to pH 7.4 with NaOH. Precultures: A working stock of .DELTA.Steme-l(pPA102)CR4 was prepared from the seed culture by streaking cells on an FA mediurp. plate containing 40 .mu.g/ml of kanamycin. A sweep from the confluent growth zone on plate was cultured one time in liquid FA medium supplemented with kanamycin 40 .mu.g/ml to a final O.D.. sub.600nm of 4.0. This culture was checked for purity by streaking on SBA plates, and diluted into multiple vials containing sterile 100% glycerol to a final glycerol concentration of 50% (v/v). These stocks were stored at -70.degree. C. A single vial was removed at the start of each fermentation cycle and discarded after use. The defrosted cells were streaked onto FA plates containing 40 .mu.g/ml kanamycin and incubated at least 16 hrs at 37.degree. C. After 16 hrs the plated cells were used to inoculate 50 mls ofFA medium supplemented with 40 .mu.g/ml kanamycin in a 250 m1 baffled-Erlenmeyer flask (Bellco Laboratories). The culture was incubated at 37.degree. C. at 200 rpm for 6 hrs or until an O.D .. sub.600nm of 4-6 was obtained. The cells were then subcultured into 50 mls ofFA medium in an identical flask under identical conditions. After 6 hrs, or a culture O.D .. sub.600nm of 6.2-6.5, a 1.6% (v/v) inoculum was transferred to 300 mls of PA medium supplemented with 40 .mu.g/ml kanamycin in a 2 liter baffled Erlenmeyer and incubated at 37.degree. C. at 200 rpm for 7 hrs, or until a final O.D.. sub.600nm of3.5-3.7 was achieved. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sect1 =PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf o Page4 ofll 012121Anthrax Page 501 of 1446 ~nited States Patent 6,387,665. ?o Fermentation conditions: The fermentations described here were carried out using a New Brunswick Bio-Flo 3000 equipped with a 5.0 liter working volume glass vessel and stainless steel headplate and hemispherical bottom cooling dish. Four liters ofFA medium were added to the vessel, which had been previously completely disassembled, scrubbed in a dilute Envirochem solution and autoclaved for 15 min after the addition of 41iters of H20. The polarographic DO.sub.2 probe (Ingold) and pH probes (either liquid or gel filled, Ingold) were also inserted and all addition and sampling ports were sealed or clamped and wrapped in aluminum foil. Addition lines consisted of surgical grade autoclavable Tygon tubing (Thomas Scientific) and all lines were sealed with the exception of the condenser, which was left open to permit pressure release, but covered with aluminum foil. The vessel was autoclaved using a 10 min exposure time at 121.degree. C. and removed from the autoclave as soon as sufficient cooling had occurred to allow opening of the autoclave. The vessel was then immediately connected to the fermentor unit and the condenser line was connected to a sterile liquid trap and 0.2.mu. capsule filter to avoid the introduction of contaminants during the cooling process. The vessel was then cooled to 37.degree. C. using the fermentor driven temperature control and positive pressure was provided using compressed sterile filtered air. Once the vessel had cooled to 37.degree. C. sterile filtered kanamycin was added to a final9oncentration of 40 .mu.g/ml. The agitation was activated at 150 rpm and aeration was adjusted to 1-1.2 volume/volume/min (vvm) and antifoam C (DOW), that had been diluted 10-fold into H.sub.2 0 and autoclaved, was added to a final concentration of 200 ppm. A preinoculation sterility check was conducted for a minimum of 16 hrs during which time pH, agitation and temperature were continually monitored. After the 16 hrs required for DO.sub.2 probe polarization, the DO.sub.2 was also monitored along with turbidity. The D.sub.2 probe was calibrated using an INGOLD calibration device which sets the zero value to 4 mA and 100% to the oxygen tension determined by the solubility of oxygen in the medium after aeration and agitation at 37.degree. C. The calibration and response of the electrode was then checked by sparging with pure N.sub.2. The vessel was judged to be sterile if the pH and DO.sub.2 remained constant and no increase in turbidity was observed. It should be emphasized that the short autoclave cycle for vessel sterilization was required to minimize caramelization, Millard and other chemical degradation reactions which are problematic due to the high concentrations of yeast extract and tryptone in FA medium. As an additional confirmation of sterility, 50 mls was aseptically removed from the fermentor to a 250 mls Erlenmeyer and incubated at 37.degree. C. at 200 rpm for 48 hrs with no sign of growth. Under the conditions outlined here contamination has not been observed in more than 10 fermentation cycles. Once the sterility of the vessel had been verified, the 300 ml inoculum described above was added to the vessel through the addition port of the headplate and the initial O.D.. sub.600nm was recorded. A sample of the inoculum was also streaked on SBA plates and incubated for 48 hrs at 37.degree. C. to verify . inoculum purity. Using the Bio-Flo 3000, aeration was maintained at 75% of saturation by increasing agitation from the initial150 rpm to a maximum of 400 rpm and ultimately by supplementing the 1 vvm aeration rate with pure oxygen. The mixture rate and percentages of air and oxygen were controlled by a solenoid and algorithm developed by Nev Brunswick Scientific. Both gases had a working pressure of approximately 10 psi. The O.D ..sub.600nm dry cell weight (DCW), production ofPA, DO.sub.2, pH, agitation and temperature were monitored throughout each fermentation cycle. The O.D ..sub.600nm DCW and PA production analysis were carried out by manually sampling the fermentation liquor at hourly intervals using a sterile sampling port. O.D .. sub.600nm was measured after dilution of the culture using sterile medium prepared for that fermentation. For each O.D.600 determination, two appropriate dilutions were made and results were considered acceptable only when both dilutions yielded a linear response. DCWs were determined starting with a 2 hr point by centrifuging 10 mls of fermentation liquor at 11,953.times.g for 10 min, resuspending the cell pellet in 10 mls of sterile PBS and pelleting the cells again under the same conditions. The cell pellet was resuspended in a minimal volume of PBS and http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf o Page 5 ofll 012122Anthrax Page 502 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,387,665. ~? transferred quantitatively to a preweighted Eppendorf centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 5 min. Excess PBS was removed and the cell pellet was dried in a speed-vac for 72 hrs under vacuum and a medium heat setting. A final analysis of the dry weight versus O.D ..sub.600nm revealed that the relationship between the two parameters was adequately fit with a linear function. Fermentation Reproducibility: The reproducibility of the cell growth parameters, biomass and PA production in fermentations carried out with the Bio-Flo 3000 under the conditions described above have been summarized in Table I below. Two fermentations were carried out at 75% of the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration in a strict batch mode with no pH control or additions other than antifoam C. The variation in the agitation rate during the first 100 min of the fermentation was the result of the AGDO.sub.2 (agitation DO.sub.2) control mode chosen to maintain the dissolved oxygen tension at 75% of the maximum. Briefly, this algorithm attempts to control the oxygen tension by first altering the agitation rate until this proves insufficient, at which point the process air is supplemented with pure oxygen as needed to maintain the desired DO.sub.2. The temperature was held constant at 37.degree.+/O.l.degree. C. The pH was monitored, but not regulated as an internal check on the aeration of the vessel during the course of the fermentation. The fact that the pH revealed a decrease on only 0.2 pH units in the first 150 min was consistent with an aerobic culture metabolizing the limited carbohydrate supplied with the yeast extract to CO.sub.2 and organic acids. Once the carbohydrate was exhausted after ca. 150 min, the bacillus switched to the utilization of amino acids and peptides for a carbon source, which under aerobic conditions resulted in the release ofNH.sub.4 OH and the observed increased culture pH. These fermentations were sampled on an hourly basis and allowed to proceed until no further increase in O.D ..sub.600nm was observed over two time points. O.D.. sub.600nm, DCW analysis and product measurements were carried out for each sample as described above. Samples for PA production were sterile filtered followed by the addition of HEPES and the complete protease cocktail as described under PA quantitation. The samples were concentrated, desalted and ultimately concentrated 80-fold prior to being analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The major band of the gel corresponded to the 83 kDa PA product. An increasing in the intensity of the protein band was seen with increasing fermentation time. Study of a Western blot of another time course of a batch fermentation was developed with polyclonal rabbit antiPA83. Comparison revealed that along with increasing PA 83 kDa there was also a pronounced increase in the abundance and form of proteolytic degradation products of PA. TABLE 1 Summary of Aerobic .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4 Fermentations Final Final Final Yield Doubling Cone. Yield (mg Specific Time Fermentation (.mu.g PA83/ (mg PA83/g Growth T.sub.D Conditions ml PA83) DCW) Rate (min) Aerobic, Batch 51 235 8.10 0.0132 min.sup.-1 53 Aerobic, Batch 64 301 10.7 0.0136 min.sup.-1 51 Aerobic, Batch 45 225 7.40 0.0136 min.sup.-1 51 pH constant Aerobic, 68 360 NO 0.0116 min.sup.-1 60 Fed-Batch (noncontinuous) DCW = dry cell weight o Page 6 ofll The data presented in Table 1 demonstrated that the PA yield on a unit volume and biomass basis, as well as the cell growth parameters, were reproducible for the batch fermentations conducted without pH http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012123Anthrax Page 503 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,387,665. ? control. The :final fermentation pH values of 8.57 and 8.67 after an elapsed fermentation time of ca. 8 hrs were also comparable. The effect of prolonged exposure to these mildly alkaline conditions on cell growth, PA production and subsequent degradation was investigated by repeating the fermentation at a constant pH of7.50+/-0.05 pH units. This was accomplished using the immersed vessel pH probe and automated additions of2 N HCl or 1 NNaOH. The results shown in Table 1 demonstrate that there was no clear effect of constant pH on any of the parameters evaluated. SDS-PAGE analysis of the fermentation time points sampled for PA production also revealed no significant differences. The final fermentation presented in Table 1 was a noncontinuous fed-batch trial during which 1/10 volume of a 10-fold concentrate of sterile-filtered tryptone was added after 5 hrs or an O.D .. sub.600nm of7.5. The result suggested that such fed-batch fermentations provide possible protocols for improvement to increase yield and decrease proteolysis. Harvest conditions: Fermentations were allowed to proceed until no further increase in O.D.. sub.600nm was observed. At this point, the fermentor was cooled to 1O.degree. C. and the protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 1,10-phenanthroline (OP) and ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) were added to final concentrations of0.1, 0.05 and 2 mM, respectively. The cells were then pumped from the fermentor vessel at room temperature using an Amicon DC1 OL concentrator equipped , with a 1O-ft.sup.2 0.1 .mu.polysulfone hollow-fiber cartridge. The fermentor liquor was diluted 1:1 with 25 mM diethanolamine (DEA), 50 mM NaCI, 2 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM PMSF adjusted to pH 8.9 with HCI. The filtrate was collected at an operating pressure ofless than 20 psi and transferred directly to a second Amicon DClOL equipped with two 30 kDa cutoff 10-ft.sup.2 wound spiral cellulosic cartridges. The filtrate was concentrated approximately 10-fold before being subjected to diafiltration at an operating pressure ofless than 30 psi against the same buffer. The conductivity of the retentate was monitored with an Amber Sciences conductivity meter and platinum immersion pencil-type electrode. The diafiltration step generally required 20 liters of buffer, but was considered complete only after the conductivity of the concentrated retentate was equivalent to that of the starting buffer. Quantitation of 83 kDa PA in crude fermentation liquor: The fermentation liquor was sampled using a sterile port at regular intervals throughout the fermentation process. The samples for PA determination were filtered through syringe type 0.2.mu. cellulose acetate filters, 0.1 mM PMSF, 2 mM EDTA, 50 .mu.M OP and 20 mM HEPES pH7 .3 were added and the samples were frozen at -70.degree. C~ The samples were defrosted on ice and concentrated using Amicon Centricon 30 concentrators at 4500.times.g. The samples were concentrated approximately 10-fold, diluted to the original volume with 10 mM TRlS pH8.0, 0.1 mM PMSF, 2 mM EDTA, 0.05 pM OP and concentrated again. The concentrated sample was desalted again using the same buffer, frozen and finally lyophilized using a Speed-Vac. The dried samples were dissolved in 25 .mu.l of the TRJS buffer described above and diluted 1:1 with a 2.times.SDS solubilization buffer consisting of 50 mM Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3, 4% (w/v) SDS, 12% (v/v) glycerol, 2% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol and 0.01% (w/v) Bromphenol Blue prior to heating at 95.degree. C. for 5 min. The fermentation samples containing varying amounts ofPA 83 kDa were solubilized as described above and run on a Daiichi 4-20% gradient TRJS/TRJCINE gel to approximate total yield of PA. Two hundred to 2000 ng samples of purified PA were solubilized in the same buffer and loaded onto the gel in constant total volume of 3 .mu.l.. Three or four appropriate dilutions of the fermentation samples determined from the first gel were loaded onto the gel with the standards and electrophoresed at 100 V initially and 140 V once the samples entered the separating gel and until the Bromphenol Blue dye reached the bottom edge of the separating gel. The gel was then fixed in 10% (v/v) acetic acid 20% (v/v) MeOH for 10 min, rinsed with MQ H.sub.2 0 and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue 0.05% (w/v) in 10% (v/v) acetic acid for a minimum of 16 hrs to allow complete and uniform staining. The stained gel was then destained in 10% (v/v) acetic acid until the background contained no visible residual dye. The gel was then scanned on a laser densitometer (LKB, Ultrascan XL Laser Densitometer). Representative portions of the gel without protein were randomly http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtm.l/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf o Page7 ofll 012124Anthrax Page 504 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,387,665. .,, ? chosen and scanned to determine background absorption for an accurate baseline. The region to be scanned for each lane containing PA was then visually aligned to insure that the entire protein peak and adequate baseline were included in each scan. The scans were completed and the integration values were determined using the LKB preprogrammed Gaussian algorithm and later were confirmed by cutting out individual peaks and manually integrating based on peak weight. The resulting integration values were plotted using Sigmaplot (Jandel). Linear regression of the results revealed typical r values of 0.9920.996. The linear standard curve was then used to quantitate the amount of 83 kDa PA in the various fermentation samples based on the same integration methods. Purification: The exact volume and conductivity of the PAin DEA buffer was determined and solid KCl was added to the solution to a final concentration of 30 mM and conductivity of 10-11 mmhos/cm. The PA was pumped with a peristaltic pump through a monoQ column prepared by collecting 100 mls of hydrated Bio-Rad Macro Prep 50Q on a sintered glass filter and washing sequentially with 1liter of25 mM DEA, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 50 .mu.M OP and 0.1 mM PMSF pH8.9 and 1liter of the same buffer with 30 mM KCl added. The conductivity (1 0-11 mmhos/cm) and pH of 8.9 of the eluate from the Macro Prep 50Q after the second wash were comparable to that of the PA solution after addition of KCl. The Macro Prep 50Q resin was then degassed and slurry packed into a Pharmacia K column with a Rainin Rabbit-Plus peristaltic pump at 48 rpm and a flow rate of 15 mls/min. The final column volume was (5.times.5 em) 98 mls. The PA solution was pumped through the Macro Prep 50Q column at a rate of 10 mls/min and the eluate was collected until all of the PA sample volume was loaded and the column washed with an additional100 mls ofDEAJKCl buffer. The eluate containing unbound PA was concentrated and diaftltered using an 1-ft.sup.2 30 kDa cutoff cellulosic Amicon wound spiral cartridge at an operating pressure of20 psi. The final concentrate (ca. 400 mls, 6-7 mmhos/cm) was passed through a 0.2.mu. cellulose acetate filter. The filtered PA was loaded onto a Poros IIQ perfusion chromatography column using a quaternary Waters 600E HPLC pump. The column was prepared by hydrating seven grams of the Poros IIQ perfusion resin in twice the packed bed volume of2% (w/v) NaCl. After settling the resin was resuspended in six times the packed bed volume of25 mM DEA pH 8.9, 50 mM NaCl, 7.5% (v/v) ethylene glycol and allowed to settle overnight at room temperature. The resin was then resuspended in three times the packed bed volume and fmally in one and one-halftimes the fmal volume before the slurry was extensively degassed using a vacuum pump (vacuum unknown). The entire degassed slurry was then transferred to a Waters AP 20.times.l00 mm glass HPLC column and the column was packed in one step using the Waters 600E pumps at a flow rate of20 mls/min and a backpressure of 650 psi at room temperature. The column separation efficiency was then tested at a flow rate of 10 m.ls/min using a linear 1 M NaCl gradient and ovalbumin 5 mg/ml (Sigma) and bovine serum albumin 10 mg/ml (Sigma) in DEA as buffer as standard proteins. Approximately 100 mls ofPA (ca. 20-30 mg PA) cooled to 46.degree. C. was applied to the column and followed with a 20 min wash in the starting buffer at room temperature to elute unbound material. The column was then developed with a linear gradient to 30% of the 1 M NaCl DEA elution buffer. The purified PA was found to elute between 10-15%, while the smaller molecular weight proteolytic breakdown products eluted as a shoulder or partially resolved peak at 16-20% of the elution buffer. The resolution of the two peaks was found to be a function of content of PA proteolytic degradation products. The eluant was monitored at 280 nm and peak fractions were collected by manual triggering of an ISCO fraction collector. Samples of the peak fractions were diluted into 5-10 volumes ofTRIS pH8.0, 0.1 mM PMSF, 50 AM OP, 1 mM EDTA buffer and concentrated using Amicon Centricon 30 concentrators at 4500.times.g at 4.degree. C. to approximately the initial sample volume. An equal volume of SDS-PAGE solubilization buffer was added to the sample immediately prior to heating at 95.degree. C. for 5 min. Purity was assessed from 8-25% SDS-PAGE PHAST gels (Pharmacia) and fractions with the highest purity were combined and dialyzed against 4050 volumes of25 mM DEA pH8.9, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM PMSF and 2 mM EDTA at 4.degree. C. for at least 16 hrs. Fractions judged empirically to be less than 95% pure were rechromatographed under the http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl =PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf o Page 8 ofll 012125Anthrax Page 505 of 1446 :United States Patent: 6,387,665. .. ? same conditions and purity of the fractions was reassessed as described above. All fractions of greater than 95% purity were ultimately combined, aliquoted and frozen at -70.degree. C. subsequent to determination of the total PA concentration. Analysis and characterization of purified 83 kDa PA: Purified PA was quantitated by measuring UVabsorption at 280 nm using the relationship of 1 A.sub.280nm in a 1 em pathlength cuvette is equals 1 mg PA/ml (Leppla, 1988). Results obtained in this manner were confirmed using the Bio-Rad Bradford protein assay under conditions suggested by the manufacturer. PA purity was assessed using SDSpAGE under conditions described above. Capillary electrophoresis analytical assays have also proven promising in the assessment ofPA purity and amounts of residual protease inhibitors in final product. Feasibility studies using a 47 cm.times.50 pm uncoated silica capillary and borate/SDS/acetonitrile buffer revealed an excellent separation of the protein from residual protease inhibitors. Quantitation of both protein and inhibitors has also proven possible, but the technique remains limited by the relatively high limits of detection (1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM PMSF, and 0.05 mM OP) under current conditions. Automated N-terminal sequencing was carried out with purified PAusing an Applied Biosystems 470A sequenator after desalting over Bio-Rad PD 10 columns equilibrated with 5 mM NaCl and 1 mM CaCl.sub.2. A unique N-terminal sequence was found and the first six residues of the sequence were identical to PA from the endogenous plasmid pXO 1 harbored by the USAMRIID B. anthracis Sterne strain. In addition, the sequence corresponded exactly with the published DNA derived protein sequence (Welkos et al.). Native gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions revealed that PA purified from .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4 also exhibited the microheterogeneity noted previously for PA produced by the Sterne strain. Cytotoxicity assays of the product using the macrophage lysis assay (Friedlander et al.) revealed that the titration curve of biological activity for PA from .DELTA.Sterne-1 (pPA1 02)CR4 was indistinguishable from that generated for PA from the Sterne strain. Evaluation of .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4: EXAMPLE 1 B. Anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA102)CR4 was compared with its parent spore-forming strain B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-l(pPA102). Both organisms were plated onto sheep blood agar (a preferred medium for promoting bacterial spore production) and grown at 37.degree. C. for 1 day, after which the temperature was lowered to 25.degree. C. for 4 days. The two strains were also grown in liquid Leighton-Doi medium, which is designed to promote spore production, for 1 day at 37.degree. C. followed by 4 days growth at 25.degree. C. Growth from both agar and broth cultures were examined under phase contrast microscopy for the presence of spores. Growth from all four cultures were then resuspended in phosphate buffered saline to a concentration of about 1O.sup.9 colony-forming units (CFU) per mi. All four cultures were then heat shocked at 64.degree. C. for 60 minutes to kill vegetative cells. Aliquots of 0.1 m1 of the heat shocked material was then plated out onto sheep blood agar and incubated at 37.degree. C. for 2 days. Results: ~? anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA102): Spores were seen under microscopic examination of material from both the sheep blood agar cultures and the Leighton-Doi medium cultures. On sheep blood agar plates containing heat shocked culture material from both sheep blood agar cultures and Leighton-Doi medium cultures, there was confluent growth. Ule data clearly indicate that B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA102) forms spores. o Page 9 ofll B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA102) CR4: No spores were seen under microscopic examination of material from both the sheep blood agar cultures and the Leighton-Doi medium cultures. On sheep http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl =PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012126Anthrax Page 506 of 1446 ~nited States Patent: ' 6,387,665. . ? blood agar plates containing heat shocked cultures, there was no growth whatsoever. The data clearly indicate the B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(PPA102) CR4, which has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection and has been assigned ATCC designation 69714, does not form spores. The deposit at the American Type Culture Collection located at 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852, USA was made on Nov. 16, 1994. EXAMPLE2 B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1 (pPA1 02)CR4 was grown in an FA medium fermentor culture. No spores were seen upon phase contract microscopic examination. Only medium-length and long chains of bacilli were seen. Dilution plate counts on the culture determined that the culture contained 1.86.times.10.sup.9 CFU per ml. Three m1 of culture was heat shocked at 60.degree. C. for 60 minutes, then 0.2 m1 was plated onto each of 5 plates of Tryptic soy agar. After incubation for 2 days at 37.degree. C., no colonies were seen on the agar plates, indicating that spore production in the fermentor was less than 1 per 1.86.times.l O.sup.9 CFU. On two other fermentation runs with this strain, similar results were obtained. No revertants to the parent spore-forming phenotype were observed. The above process using an FA medium fermentor culture was repeated using the parent strain B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA102). Growth on the tryptic soy agar after heat shock resulted in a total of 1000 total colonies, indicating that the parent strain B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1 (pPAI 02) had about 1000 spores per m1 in the FA medium, or 1 spore per 106 CFU in the non-heat shocked medium. EXAMPLE3 Protective antigen (PA) was prepared in accord with the teachings under Materials and Methods as described above. The purified PA of B. anthracis .DELTA.Stem-1(pPA102)CR4 was mixed in different buffers (phosphate buffered saline, HEPES, Tris, glycyl glycine (GG), sodium citrate, for example) and combined with monophosphoryllipid A (MPL), Squalene, Tween 80 and lecithin. The mixture was then lyophilized. At 0 and 4 weeks, vials oflyophilized MPL/PA/emulsion were reconstituted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and injected in 0.5 m1 doses containing 50 .mu.g ofPA per dose. At 10 weeks, the guinea pigs were aerosol challenged with approximately 36 medial lethal doses of virulent Bacillus anthracis spores of the Ames strain. The following data shows status two weeks after the challenge. Vaccine S/T* % Anti-PA** 29,427 PA in PBS (+ MPL emulsion) 10/12 83 88 PA in GG (+ MPL emulsion) 14/16 23,713 PA in Tris (+ MPL emulsion) 15/16 94 27,384 25,482 PA in HEPES (+ MPL emulsion} 15/15 100 100 PA in Citrate (+ MPL emulsion) 16/16 31,622 PBS 0/4 <10 0 *Survived/Total, day 14 post-challenge **Prechallenge serum titers to PA were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The geometric mean reciprocal titers were calculated for each group and are expressed in this table. o Page 10 ofll ***** Images ) http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012127Anthrax Page 507 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,387,665. (View Cart) (Add to Cart) ,_..H_it_U_"_st--..]( Previous ]( Home ]( Qyjg o J:m!r! Page 11 ofll Next )[,...._T_o_p_...,. ](Advanced)( Pat Num )( http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl =PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netahtm1/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012128Anthrax Page 508 of 1446 ~nited States Patent: 6,316,006. USPTO PATENT FULL-TEXT AND IMAGE! DATABASE! Home ][ o Page 1 oflO ~ )[Advanced)[ Pat Num ][ li@h! ] Hit Ust ) ( Next List ) ( Previous ) ( (View ~ ) ( Bottom ) Cart] [Add to Cart) Images ) (28 of 145) United States Patent Worsham , et al. 6,316,006 November 13, 2001 Asporogenic B anthracis expression system Abstract This invention relates to a bacterial expression system for production of protective antigen (PA) against bacillus anthracis. Recombinant asporogenic B. anthracits that are derived from .DELTA.Steme-1 (pPAI 02) and show inability to bind the dye when grown on Congo Red Agar can be screened and asporogenic strains isolated using methods of the invention. organisms of the invention lacking sporeforming function may be killed by heat shock at temperatures as low as 60.degree. C. for 60 minutes. Hence, contamination of the environment with viable spore-forming organisms is easily avoided and decontamination is easily accomplished. Inventors: Worsham; Patricia (Jefferson, J\IID); Friedlander; Arthur M. (Gaithersburg, J\IID); Ivins; Bruce (Frederick, MD) Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army (Washington, DC) Appl. No.: 346238 Filed: November 23, 1994 Current U.S. Class: Intern'I Class: Field of Search: 424/246.1; 435/252.3; 435/252.31; 435/485 Cl2N 015/00 424/246.1 435/172.1,172.3,252.3,252.31,200.1 References Cited [Referenced B}!]. Other References Ivins et al. Abstr. Gen. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbioi. 94 meet. 150, May 1994. * Ivins et al. Infect. Immun. Feb. 1990. 58(2): 303-308.* Ivins et al. Infect. Immun. Nov. 1986. 54(2): 537-542.* Ivins et al. Infect. Immun. May 1986. 52(2): 454-457. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtm1/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012129Anthrax Page 509 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,316,006. o Claims Page2 oflO Primary Examiner: Housel; James C. Assistant Examiner: Shaver; Jennifer Attorney, Agent or Firm: Harris; Charles H., Moran; John Francis What is claimed is: 1. A recombinant asporogenic B. anthracis isolated from .DELTA.Sterne-1 (pPA1 02) which shows inability to bind the dye when grown on Congo Red Agar. 2. A B. anthracis of claim 1 which is B. anthracis .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4. 3. A composition comprising the organism of claim 1 in a growth medium. .4. A composition comprising the organism of claim 2 in a growth medium. Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the bacterial expression system, production and use of protective antigen (PA) against Bacillus anthracis. The PA immunogen is useful in vaccine against human anthrax. The PA can be produced by an asporogenic organism which overproduces the desired antigen, which is then harvested from the supernatant. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent responsible for anthrax, a disease often found in persons exposed to infected animals or their products. Persons particularly exposed to animals include veterinarians, laboratory technicians, ranchers and employees working with skin or hair of animals. The mode of entry into the body may be the skin or, when contaminated meat is eaten, the gastrointestinal tract. Inhaling of spores can cause inhalation anthrax, a disease that can be fatal. Vaccines against Bacillus anthracis have been available. Virulent strains of the organism produce two toxins and a polyD-glutamic acid capsule which are coded for on two endogenous plasmids, pXO 1 and pX02, respectively. Loss of either of the plasmids results in an attenuated strain of reduced virulence, while loss of both results in an avirulent organism. The history of the USAMRIID Sterne strain of B. anthracis prior to 1981 is uncertain, though it is believed to be derived from the Sterne strain isolated at the Onderstpoort Research Laboratory in Pretoria, South Africa. In 1985 the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) gene was cloned into a plasmid (pUB 11 0) resulting in the formation of a recombinant plasmid identified as pPAl 02, which was reported in the literature (Ivins and Welkos, Infection and Immunity, S54:537-542 (1986)). The production of vaccines lacking lethal factor was possible thereby. However, a primary problem remained, since the Bacillus anthracis formed spores. Once spores have formed, they persist in the environment for months and years. Once the laboratory environment contains such spores, it is very difficult to free the environment http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sectl =PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtm.l/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012130Anthrax Page 510 of 1446 ~nited States Patent: 6,316,006. ? of the spores. o Page3 oflO It was also previously reported that protective antigen (PA) could be produced in baculovirus. [IaconoConnors, et al., Infection and Immunity, 58:366-372 (1990); Iacono-Connors, et al., Infection and Immunity, 59:1961-1965 (1991)] A major problem in production of the PAin the baculovirus disclosed therein is that the desired antigen requires a complex purification process. Even after purification by immuno-affinity chromatography, undesired cellular material continues to contaminate the desired product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The instant invention provides organisms which produce protective antigen (PA) lacking lethal factor and edema factor proteins which, when present as contaminants in vaccine, can cause serious side effects. The producing organisms of the invention are also, surprisingly, non-sporulating. Furthermore, the desired antigen is expressed into the supernatant. Hence, the protective antigen produced is easily purified and, though protective, does not cause many of the troublesome side effects of prior art vaccines. The organisms of the invention lacking spore-forming function may be killed by heat shock at temperatures as low as 60.degree. C. for 60 minutes. Hence, contamination of the environment with viable spore-forming organisms is easily avoided and decontamination is easily accomplished. Genesis of .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4: A 6 kb Bam HI fragment harboring the PA structural gene isolated from the endogenous Sterne plasmid pX01 was ligated into plasmid pBR322 and cloned into Escherichia coli bacteria (Vodkin and Leppla, 1983). From the resultant recombinant plasmid pSE36, the 6kb fragment was then subcloned into the gram-positive vector PUB 110 using the Bam HI restriction site. The resulting plasmid was transformed into B. subtilis IS 53 and two stable PA producing, kanamycin resistant isolates were found (pPA1 01 and pPA1 02) (Ivins and Welkos, 1986). Subsequent analysis of the plasmids revealed that both had suffered spontaneous deletions. The pPA102 was found to have lost 4.2 kb of DNA from 363 bp 3' of the kanamycin resistance gene to approximately 164 bp 5' of the start of the PA structural gene, a result consistent with the observed inactivation of the phleomycin resistance gene ofpUB110. The plasmid was then electrotransformed into .DELTA.Sterne-1, a plasmid-free strain of B. anthracis (Infection and Immunity, 52:454-458 (1986) and transformants were selected for kanamycin resistance. Transformants displaying a stable PA+, kanamycin resistant, (LF-, EF-, capsule-) phenotype were selected. This strain, .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102), was then subjected to Congo Red agar selection for mutants displaying an inability to bind the dye, a characteristic known to correlate with an asporogenic phenotype (Worsham, submitted). The selected isolate, now designated .DELTA.Steme-1 (pPA1 02)CR4 was further subcultured three times to insure that a single clone was isolated. This clone has served as the seed stock for all research and development of fermentation conditions, and purification ofPA. Materials and Methods: Fermentation Conditions Media: FA medium was used for all plates and liquid cultures described here unless oth~rwise specified. FA medium consisted of 33 g/1 tryptone (Difco), 20 g/1 yeast extract (Difco), 2 g/1 L-histidine, 8 g/1 Na2HP04, 7.4 g/1 NaCl, 4 g/1 KH2P04 adjusted to pH 7.4 with NaOH. Precultures: A working stock of .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4 was prepared from the seed culture by streaking cells on an FA medium plate containing 40 .mu.g/ml of kanamycin. A sweep from the confluent growth zone on plate was cultured one time in liquid FA medium supplemented with http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sect1=PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012131Anthrax Page 511 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,316,006. kanamycin 40 .mu.g/ml to a final O.D.. sub.600nm of 4.0. This culture was checked for purity by streaking on SBA plates, and diluted into multiple vials containing sterile 100% glycerol to a final glycerol concentration of 50% (VN). These stocks were stored at -70.degree. C. A single vial was removed at the start of each fermentation cycle and discarded after use. The defrosted cells were streaked onto FA plates containing 40 .mu.g/ml kanamycin and incubated at least 16 hrs at 37.degree. C. After 16 hrs the plated cells were used to inoculate 50 mls ofFA medium supplemented with 40 .mu.g/ml kanamycin in a 250 mi baffled-Erlenmeyer flask (Bellco Laboratories). The culture was incubated at 370.degree. C. at 200 rpm for 6 hrs or until an O.D.. sub.600nm of 4-6 was obtained. The cells were then subcultured into 50 mls ofFA medium in an identical flask under identical conditions. After 6 hrs, or a culture O.D ..sub.600nm of 6.2-6.5, a 1.6% (v/v) inoculum was transferred to 300 mls of FA medium supplemented with 40 .mu.g/ml kanamycin in a 2liter baffled Erlenmeyer and incubated at 37.degree. C. at 200 rpm for 7hrs, or until a final O.D ..sub.600nm of3.5-3.7 was achieved. ? Fermentation conditions: The fermentations described here were carried out using a New Brunswick Bio-Flo 3000 equipped with a 5.0 liter working volume glass vessel and stainless steel headplate and hemispherical bottom cooling dish. Four liters ofFA medium were added to the vessel, which had been previously completely disassembled, scrubbed in a dilute Envirochem solution and autoclaved for 15 min after the addition of 41iters ofH.sub.2 0. The polarographic DO.sub.2 probe (Ingold) and pH probes (either liquid or gel filled, Ingold) were also inserted and all addition and sampling ports were sealed or clamped and wrapped in aluminum foil. Addition lines consisted of surgical grade autoclavable Tygon tubing (Thomas Scientific) and all lines were sealed with the exception of the condenser, which was left open to permit pressure release, but covered with aluminum foil. The vessel was autoclaved using a 10 min exposure time at 121.degree. C. and removed from the autoclave as soon as sufficient cooling had occurred to allow opening of'the autoclave. The vessel was then immediately connected to the fermentor unit and the condenser line was connected to a sterile liquid trap and 0.2 .mu. capsule filter to avoid the introduction of contaminants during the cooling process. The vessel was then cooled to 37.degree. C. using the fermentor driven temperature control and positive pressure was provided using compressed sterile filtered air. Once the vessel had cooled to 37.degree. C. sterile filtered kanamycin was added to a final concentration of 40 .mu.g/ml. The agitation was activated at 150 rpm and aeration was adjusted to 1-1.2 volume/volume/min (vvm) and antifoam C (DOW), that had been diluted 10-fold into H.sub.2 0 and autoclaved, was added to a final concentration of200 ppm. A preinoculation sterility check was conducted for a minimumi of 16 hrs during which time pH, agitation and temperature were continually monitored. After the 16 hrs required for DO.sub.2 probe polarization, the DO.sub.2 was also monitored along with turbidity. The DO.sub.2 probe was calibrated using an INGOLD calibration device which sets the zero value to 4 mA and 100% to the oxygen tension determined by the solubility of oxygen in the medium after aeration and agitation at 37.degree. C. The calibration and response of the electrode was then checked by sparging with pure N.sub.2. The vessel was judged to be sterile if the pH and DO.sub.2 remained constant and no increase in turbidity was observed. It should be emphasized that the short autoclave cycle for vessel sterilization was required to minimize caramelization, Millard and other chemical degradation reactions which are problematic due to the high concentrations of yeast extract and tcyptone in FA medium. As an additional confirmation of sterility, 50 mls was aseptically removed from the fermentor to a 250 mls Erlenmeyer and incubated at 37.degree. C. at 200 rpm for 48 hrs with no sign of growth. Under the conditions outlined here contamination has not been observed in more than 10 fermentation cycles. Once the sterility of the vessel had been verified, the 300 m1 inoculum described above was added to the vessel through the addition port of the headplate and the initial O.D .. sub.600nm was recorded. A sample of the inoculum was also streaked on SBA plates and incubated for 48 hrs at 37.degree. C. to verify inoculum purity. Using the Bio-Flo 3000, aeration was maintained at 75% of saturation by increasing agitation from the initial150 rpm to a maximum of 400 rpm and ultimately by supplementing the 1 vvm http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl =PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf o Page4 oflO 012132Anthrax Page 512 of 1446 ~nited States Patent: 6,316,006 o ? aeration rate with pure oxygen. The mixture rate and percentages of air and oxygen were controlled by a solenoid and algorithm developed by New Brunswick Scientific. Both gases had a working pressure of approximately 10 psi. The O.D..sub.600nm dry cell weight (DCW), production ofPA, DO.sub.2, pH, agitation and temperature were monitored throughout each fermentation cycle. The O.D .. sub.600nm DCW and PA production analysis were carried out by manually sampling the fermentation liquor at hourly intervals using a sterile sampling port. O.D .. sub.600nm was measured after dilution of the culture using sterile medium prepared for that fermentation. For each O.D .. sub.600nm determination, two appropriate dilutions were made and results were considered acceptable only when both dilutions yielded a linear response. DCWs were determined starting with a 2 hr point by centrifuging 10 mls of fermentation liquor at 11,953 .times.g for 10 min, resuspending the cell pellet in 10 mls of sterile PBS and pelleting the cells again under the same conditions. The cell pellet was resuspended in a minimal volume of PBS and transferred quantitatively to a preweighted Eppendorf centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 5 min. Excess PBS was removed and the cell pellet was dried in a speed-vac for 72 hrs under vacuum and a medium heat setting. A final analysis of the dry weight versus O.D..sub.600nm revealed that the relationship between the two parameters was adequately fit with a linear function. Fermentation Reproducibility: The reproducibility of the cell growth parameters, biomass and PA production in fermentations carried out with the Bio-Flo 3000 under the conditions described above have been summarized in Table I below. Two fermentations were carried out at 75% of the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration in a strict batch mode with no pH control or additions other than antifo~ C. The variation in the agitation rate during the first 100 min of the fermentation was the result of the AGDO.sub.2 (agitation DO.sub.2) control mode chosen to maintain the dissolved oxygen tension at 75% of the maximum. Briefly, this algorithm attempts to control the oxygen tension by first altering the agitation rate until this proves insufficient, at which point the process air is supplemented with pure oxygen as needed to maintain the desired DO.sub.2. The temperature was held constant at 37.degree.+/O.l.degree. C. The pH was monitored, but not regulated as an internal check on the aeration of the vessel during the course of the fermentation. The fact that the pH revealed a decrease on only 0.2 pH units in the first 150 min was consistent with an aerobic culture metabolizing the limited carbohydrate supplied with the yeast extract to CO.sub.2 and organic acids. Once the carbohydrate was exhausted after ca. 150 min, the bacillus switched to the utilization of amino acids and peptides for a carbon source, which under aerobic conditions resulted in the release ofNH.sub.4 OH and the observed increased culture pH. These fermentations were sampled on an hourly basis and allowed to proceed until no further increase in O.D .. sub.600nm was observed over two time points. O.D .. sub.600nm, DCW analysis and product measurements were carried out for each sample as described above. Samples for PA production were sterile filtered followed by the addition ofHEPES and the complete protease cocktail as described under PA quantitation. The samples were concentrated, desalted and ultimately concentrated 80-fold prior to being analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The major band of the gel corresponded to the 83 kDa PA product. An increasing in the intensity of the protein band was seen with increasing fermentation time. Study of a Western blot of another time course of a batch fermentation was developed with polyclonal rabbit antiPA83. Comparison revealed that along with increasing PA 83 kDa there was also a pronounced increase in the abundance and form of proteolytic degradation products of PA. TABLE 1 Summary of Aerobic .DELTA.Sterne-l(pPA102)CR4 Fermentations Fermentation Final Cone. Final Yield Final Yield Specific Growth Doubling Time Conditions ( .mu. g PA83/ml (mg PA83} (mg PA83/g DCW) Rate T.sub.D (min) Aerobic, Batch 235 8.10 0.0132 51 o Page 5 oflO http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012133Anthrax Page 513 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,316,006 o ?' min.sup.-1 53 Aerobic, Batch 64 min.sup.-1 51 Aerobic, Batch 45 min.sup.-1 51 pH constant Aerobic, Fed-Batch 68 min.sup.-1 60 (noncontinuous) DCW = dry cell weight 301 225 360 10.7 7.40 o Page 6 of10 0.0136 0.0136 0. 0116 ND The data presented in Table 1 demonstrated that the PA yield on a unit volume and biomass basis, as well as the cell growth parameters, were reproducible for the batch fermentations conducted without pH control. The final fermentation pH values of 8.57 and 8.67 after an elapsed fermentation time of ca. 8 brs were also comparable. The effect of prolonged exposure to these mildly alkaline conditions on cell growth, PA production and subsequent degradation was investigated by repeating the fermentation at a constant pH of7.50+/-0.05 pH units. This was accomplished using the immersed vessel pH probe and automated additions of2 N HCl or 1 N NaOH. The results shown in Table 1 demonstrate that there was no clear effect of constant pH on any of the parameters evaluated. SDS-PAGE analysis of the fermentation time points sampled for PA production also revealed no significant differences. The final fermentation presented in Table 1 was a noncontinuous fed-batch trial during which 1/10 volume of a 10-fold concentrate of sterile-filtered tryptone was added after 5 hrs or an O.D ..sub.600nm of7.5. The result suggested that such fed-batch fermentations provide possible protocols for improvement to increase yield and decrease proteolysis. Harvest conditions: Fermentations were allowed to proceed until no further increase in O.D.. sub.600nm was observed. At this point, the fermentor was cooled to lO.degree. C. and the protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 1,10-phenanthroline (OP) and ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) were added to final concentrations ofO.l, 0.05 and 2 mM, respectively. The cells were then pumped from the fermentor vessel at room temperature using an Amicon DClOL concentrator equipped with a 10-ft.sup.2 0.1 .mu. polysulfone hollow-fiber cartridge. The fermentor liquor was diluted 1:1 with 25 mM diethanolamine (DEA), 50 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM PMSF adjusted to pH 8.9 with HCI. The filtrate was collected at an operating pressure of less than 20 psi and transferred directly to a second Amicon DC1 OL equipped with two 30 kDa cutoff 1O-ft.sup.2 wound spiral cellulosic cartridges. The filtrate was concentrated approximately 10-fold before being subjected to diafiltration at an operating pressure of less than 30 psi against the same buffer. The conductivity of the retentate was monitored with an Amber Sciences conductivity meter and platinum immersion pencil-type electrode. The diafiltration step generally required 20 liters of buffer, but was considered complete only after the conductivity of the concentrated retentate was equivalent to that of the starting buffer. Quantitation of 83 kDa PA in crude fermentation liquor: The fermentation liquor was sampled using a sterile port at regular intervals throughout the fermentation process. The samples for PA determination were filtered through syringe type 0.2 .mu. cellulose acetate filters, 0.1 mM PMSF, 2 mM EDTA, 50 .mu.M OP and 20 mM HEPES pH7.3 were added and the samples were frozen at -70.degree. C. The samples were defrosted on ice and concentrated using Amicon Centricon 30 concentrators at 4500 .times.g. The samples were concentrated approximately 10-fold, diluted to the original volume with 10 mM TRIS pH8.0, 0.1 mM PMSF, 2 mM EDTA, 0.05 .mu.M OP and concentrated again. The concentrated sample was desalted again using the same buffer, frozen and fmally lyophilized using a Speed-Vac. The dried samples were dissolved in 25 .mu.l of the TRJS buffer described above and http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sectl =PT02&Sect2=IllTOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012134Anthrax Page 514 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,316,006 o ?? diluted 1:1 with a2.times.SDS solubilization buffer consisting of 50 mMNa.sub.2 CO.sub.3, 4% (w/v) SDS, 12% (v/v) glycerol, 2% (v/v) 2-mer-captoethanol and 0.01% (w/v) Bromphenol Blue prior to heating at 95.degree. C. for 5 min. The fermentation samples containing varying amounts ofPA 83 kDa were solubilized as described above and run on a Daiichi 4-20% gradient TRIS!TRICINE gel to approximate total yield ofPA. Two hundred to 2000 ng samples of purified PA were solubilized in the same buffer and loaded onto the gel in constant total volume of 3 .mu.l. Three or four appropriate dilutions of the fermentation samples determined from the first gel were loaded onto the gel with the standards and electrophoresed at 100 V initially and 140 V once the samples entered the separating gel and until the Bromphenol Blue dye reached the bottom edge of the separating gel. The gel was then fixed in 10% (v/v) acetic acid 20% (v/v) MeOH for 10 min, rinsed with MQ H.sub.2 0 and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue 0.05% (w/v) in 10% (v/v) acetic acid for a minimum of 16 hrs to allow complete and uniform staining. The stained gel was then destained in 10% (v/v) acetic acid until the background contained no visible residual dye. The gel was then scanned on a laser densitometer (LKB, Ultrascan XL Laser Densitometer). Representative portions of the gel without protein were randomly chosen and scanned to determine background absorption for an accurate baseline. The region to be scanned for each lane containing PA was then visually aligned to insure that the entire protein peak and adequate baseline were included in each scan. The scans were completed and the integration values were determined using the LKB preprogrammed Gaussian algorithm and later were confirmed by cutting out individual peaks and manually integrating based on peak weight. The resulting integration values were plotted using Sigmaplot (Jandel). Linear regression of the results revealed typical r values of0.9920.996. The linear standard curve was then used to quantitate the amount of 83 kDa PA in the various fermentation samples based on the same integration methods. Purification: The exact volume and conductivity of the PA in DBA buffer was determined and solid KCl was added to the solution to a final concentration of 30 mM and conductivity of 10-11 mmhos/cm. The PA was pumped with a peristaltic pump through a monoQ column prepared by collecting 100 mls of hydrated Bio-Rad Macro Prep 50Q on a sintered glass filter and washing sequentially with 1liter of25 mM DBA, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM BDTA, 50 .mu.M OP and 0.1 mM PMSF pH8.9 and 11iter of the same buffer with 30 mM KCl added. The conductivity (10-11 mmhos/cm) and pH of 8.9 of the eluate from the Macro Prep 50Q after the second wash were comparable to that of the PA solution after addition of KCI. The Macro Prep 50Q resin was then degassed and slurry packed into a Pharmacia K column with a Rainin Rabbit-Plus peristaltic pump at 48 rpm and a flow rate of 15 mls/min. The fmal column volume was (5.times.5 em) 98 mls. The PA solution was pumped through the Macro Prep 50Q column at a rate of 10 mls/min and the eluate was collected until all of the PA sample volume was loaded and the column washed with an additional100 mls ofDBAIKCl buffer. The eluate containing unbound PA was concentrated and dia:filtered using an 1-ft.sup.2 30 kDa cutoff cellulosic-Amicon wound spiral cartridge at an operating pressure of 20 psi. The final concentrate (ca. 400 mls, 6-7 mmhos/cm) was passed through a 0.2 A cellulose acetate filter. The filtered PA was loaded onto a Poros IIQ perfusion chromatography column using a quaternary Waters 600B HPLC pump. The column was prepared by hydrating seven grams of the Poros IIQ perfusion resin in twice the packed bed volume of2% (w/v) NaCl. After settling the resin was resuspended in six times the packed bed volume of25 mM DBA pH 8.9, 50 mM NaCl, 7.5%(v/v) ethylene glycol and allowed to settle overnight at room temperature. The resin was then resuspended in three times the packed bed volume and finally in one and one-halftimes the final volume before the slurry was extensively degassed using a vacuum pump (vacuum unknown). The entire degassed slurry was then transferred to a Waters AP 20.times.100 rom glass HPLC column and the column was packed in one step using the Waters 600E pumps at a flow rate of20 mls/min and a backpressure of 650 psi at room temperature. The column separation efficiency was then tested at a flow rate of 10 mls/min using a linear 1 M NaCl gradient and ovalbumin 5 mg/ml (Sigma) and bovine serum albumin 10 mg/ml (Sigma) in DBA as buffer as standard proteins. Approximately 100 mls ofPA (ca. 20-30 mg PA) cooled to 4-6.degree. C. was applied to the column and followed with a 20 min wash in the starting buffer at room temperature to elute unbound material. The column was then developed with http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sect1=PT02&Sect2=IITTOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf o Page 7 of10 012135Anthrax Page 515 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,316,006 o ?? a linear gradient to 30% of the 1 M NaCl DBA elution buffer. The purified PA was found to elute between 10-15%, while the smaller molecular weight proteolytic breakdown products eluted as a shoulder or partially resolved peak at 16-20% of the elution buffer. The resolution of the two peaks was found to be a function of content ofPA proteolytic degradation products. The eluant was monitored at 280 nm and peak fractions were collected by manual triggering of an ISCO :fraction collector. Samples of the peak fractions were diluted into 5-10 volumes ofTRlS pH8.0, 0.1 mM PMSF, 50 .mu.M OP, 1 mM EDTA buffer and concentrated using Amicon Centricon 30 concentrators at 4500.times.g at 4.degree. C. to approximately the initial sample volume. An equal volume of SDS-PAGE solubilization buffer was added to the sample immediately prior to heating at 95.degree. C. for 5 min. Purity was assessed from 8-25% SDS-PAGE PHAST gels (Pharmacia) and fractions with the highest purity were combined and dialyzed against 40-50 volumes of25 mM DBA pH8.9, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM PMSF and 2 mM EDTA at 4.degree. C. for at least 16 hrs. Fractions judged empirically to be less than 95% pure were rechromatographed under the same conditions and purity of the fractions was reassessed as described above. All fractions of greater than 95% purity were u1timately combined, aliquoted and frozen at -70.degree, C. subsequent to determination of the total PA concentration. Analysis and characterization of purified 83 kDa PA: Purified PA was quantitated by measuring UVabsorption at 280 nm using the relationship of 1 A.sub.280nm in a 1 em pathlength cuvette is equals 1 mg PA/ml (Leppla, 1988). Results obtained in this manner were copfumed using the Bio-Rad Bradford protein assay under conditions suggested by the manufacturer. PA purity was assessed using SDSpAGE under conditions described above. Capillary electrophoresis analytical assays have also proven promising in the assessment of PA purity and amounts of residual protease inhibitors in final product. Feasibility studies using a 47 cm.times.50 .mu.m uncoated silica capillary and borate/SDS/acetonitrile buffer revealed an excellent separation of the protein from residual protease inhibitors. Quantitation of both protein and inhibitors has also proven possible, but the technique remains limited by the relatively high limits of detection (1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM PMSF, and 0.05 mM OP) under current conditions. Automated N-terminal sequencing was carried out with purified PAusing an Applied Biosystems 470A sequenator after desalting over Bio-Rad PD 10 columns equilibrated with 5 mM NaCl and 1 mM CaCl.sub.2. A unique N-terminal sequence was found and the first six residues of the sequence were identical to PA from the endogenous plasmid pXO 1 harbored by the USAMRIID B. anthracis Sterne strain. In addition, the sequence corresponded exactly with the published DNA derived protein sequence (Welkos et al.). Native gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions revealed that PA purified from .DELTA.Sterne-1 (pPA1 02)CR4 also exhibited the microheterogeneity noted previously for PA produced by the Sterne strain. Cytotoxicity assays of the product using the macrophage lysis assay (Friedlander et al.) revealed that the titration curv~ of biological activity for PA from .DELTA.Sterne-1 (pPA1 02)CR4 was indistinguishable from that generated for PA from the Sterne strain. Evaluation of .DELTA.Sterne-l(pPA102)CR4: EXAMPLE 1 B. Anthracis .DELTA.Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4 was compared with its parent spore-forming strain B. anthracis .DELTA.Sterne-l(pPA102). Both organisms were plated onto sheep blood agar (a preferred medium for promoting bacterial spore production) and grown at 37.degree. C. for 1 day, after which the temperature was lowered to 25.degree. C. for 4 days. The two strains were also grown in liquid Leighton-Doi medium, which is designed to promote spore production, for 1 day at 37.degree. C. followed by 4 days growth at 25.degree. C. Growth from both agar and broth cultures were examined under phase contrast microscopy for the presence of spores. Growth from all four cultures were then resuspended in phosphate buffered saline to a concentration of about 1O.sup.9 colony forming units (CFU) per ml. All four cultures were then heat shocked at 64.degree. C. for 60 minutes to kill vegetative cells. Aliquots of 0.1 ml of the heat shocked material was then plated out onto sheep blood agar and http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgilnph-Parser?Sect1 =PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf o Page 8 oflO 012136Anthrax Page 516 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,316,006 o ? incubated at 37.degree. C. for 2 days. Results: o Page 9 oflO B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-l(pPAl 02): Spores were seen under microscopic examination of material from both the sheep blood agar cultures and the Leighton-Doi medium cultures. On sheep blood agar plates containing heat shocked culture material from both sheep blood agar cultures and Leighton-Doi medium cultures, there was confluent growth. The data clearly indicate that B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1 (pPAl 02) forms spores. B. anthracis A8tem-l(pPA1 02)CR4: No spores were seen under microscopic examination of material from both the sheep blood agar cultures and the Leighton-Doi medium cultures. On sheep blood agar plates containing heat shocked cultures, there was no growth whatsoever. The data clearly indicate the B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1 (pPA1 02)CR4, which has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection and has been assigned ATCC designation 69714, does not form spores. EXAMPLE2 B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1 (pPA1 02)CR4 was grown in an FA medium fermentor culture. No spores were seen upon phase contract microscopic examination. Only medium-length and long chains of bacilli were seen. Dilution plate counts on the culture determined that the culture contained 1.86.times.l O.sup.9 CFU per mi. Three ml of culture was heat shocked at 60.degree. C. for 60 minutes, then 0.2 ml was plated onto each ofS plates of Tryptic soy agar. After incubation for 2 days at 37.degree. C., no colonies were seen on the agar plates, indicating that spore production in the fermentor was less than 1 per l.86.times.10.sup.9 CFU. On two other fermentation runs with this strain, similar results were obtained. No revertants to the parent spore-forming phenotype were observed. The above process using an FA medium fermentor culture was repeated using the parent strain B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-l(pPA102). Growth on the tryptic soy agar after heat shock resulted in a total of 1000 total colonies, indicating that the parent strain B. anthracis .DELTA.Steme-1(pPA102) had about 1000 spores per ml in the FA medium, or 1 spore per 1O.sup.6 CFU in the non-heat shocked medium. EXAMPLE3 Protective antigen (PA) was prepared in accord with the teachings under Materials and Methods as described above. The purified PA ofB. anthracis .DELTA.Stem-1 (pPA102)CR4 was mixed in different buffers (phosphate buffered saline, HEPES, Tris, glycyl glycine (GG), sodium citrate; for example) and combined with monophosphoryllipid A (MPL), Squalene, Tween 80 and lecithin. The mixture was then lyophilized. At 0 and 4 weeks, vials of lyophilized MPL/PA/emulsion were reconstituted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and injected in 0.5 ml doses containing SO .mu.g ofPA per dose. At 10 weeks, the guinea pigs were aerosol challenged with approximately 36 medial lethal doses of virulent Bacillus anthracis spores of the Ames strain. The following data shows status two weeks after the challenge. Vaccine PA in PBS (+ MPL emulsion) PA in GG (+ MPL emulsion) PA in Tris (+ MPL emulsion) PA in HEPES (+ MPL emulsion) PA in Citrate (+ MPL emulsion) PBS S/T* 10/12 14/16 15/16 15/15 16/16 0/4 % 83 88 94 100 100 0 Anti-PA** 29,427 23,713 27,384 25,482 31,622 <10 http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi!nph-Parser?Sectl=PT02&Sect2=IDTOFF&u=/netah1m.l/sear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012137Anthrax Page 517 of 1446 .United States Patent: 6,316,006. '. *Survived/Total, day 14 post-challenge **Prechallenge serum titers to PA were determined by enzyme linked irnmunosorbent assay. The geometric mean reciprocal titers were calculated for each group and are expressed in this table. o Page 10 of10 ***** Images {View Cart) (Add to Cart) Hit Ust ] ,-[_N_e_Kt:_l-ist---"]( Previous ) ,-[-~-e-x_t_"""'~][ Home ]( Irul ~ )[Advanced]( Pat Num )( !:J!ilil http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sectl =PT02&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtmllsear... 6/28/2005 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012138Anthrax Page 518 of 1446 I b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\~~~ o o I Agent~~----------------~Jbetween July 6 and 11, 2005: The followinq investigation was conducted by Special [Administrative: During 2001, BRUCE EDWARDS IVINS used dial-up America Online (AOL) as his internet service provider (ISP). Investigation to date has revealed that based on IVINS' home telephone number, I I the AOL software would have dialed three different numbers to connect to the internet. Two of the numbers I Iandi I were leased to AOL by Genuity, Inc., and one was leased to AOL by UUNET, Inc. I I On July 6, 2005, writer contacted I I UUNETc Inc., telephone number I ~in order to obtain Internet ~rotocol (IP) information on BRUCE ED ARDS IVINS for 2001. I !advised that if IVINS connected to the number operated by UUNET to connect to AOL, they would have record of that connection. I !further advised that she would query UUNET's databases to determine if IVINS' telephone number had ever dialed into UUNET's number. On July 11, 2005,1 !contacted writer and advised that IVINS' home number had never been used to connect with UUNET. 0 1 ~----~~did not provide any additional information. USAMRIID Section 7.pdf D 012139Anthrax Page 519 of 1446 I ?.~ (, .' (o ' 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o I -\~'b~ HEREII~ o I:::. UJ:.JCLAS;HFIED 1 The followinQ investigation was conducted by Special Agent~~----------------J~on July 8, 2005: During the review of electronic evidence in support of Major Case 184, draft agendas were found for the 4th International Conference on Anthrax, held in Annapolis, Maryland from June 10 thru 13, 2001. The conference was organized by scientists from the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , namelyl land B~CE IV\NS._ o . Evidence review revealed two drafts of the agenda, one labeled 4th Anthrax Wkshp.Scient.Prog#2 and the other labeled 4th Anthrax Wkshp.Sci.Prog#4 dated 6/9/00. These agendas were compared to one another to determine any changes made between drafts. The results of the comparison is detailed below. Each noted difference will be labeled by the section where the difference is found. The agendas will be labeled Prog#2 and Prog#4. Copies of each agenda are attached to and made part of this document. -~ Header Prog#4 is dated 6/9/00 while Prog#2 is not dated. Prog#4 includes an additional "REF."labeled 4th Anthrax Wkshp.Lori#4. Scientific Program section and "REF" section are in a different order on Prog#4 than on Prog#2. Day 1: Opening Remarks Prog#4 lists r-~--------.1 orl'-li~_ _ _ _ _I._,(USrRIID) I as the first speaker while Prog#2 lists! or I I(USAMRIID) as the first speaker. ' o I Day 1: Section Two Prog#4 header reads Anthrax: Threats and Risks while Prog#2 reads Risks and hazards. USAMRIID Section 7.pdf D 012140Anthrax Page 520 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 2 o Day 1: Section Three On Prog#4 under "Other methods for rapid detection) , two additional items are listed than on Prog#2. These names are Diag. Sys. Div (USAMRIID); real-time PCR, Robotics andl I (Tox, USAMRIID) - flow cytometry titer determination. Day 2: Section Five Prog#4 header reads "Cell Structure and Function" while Prog#2 reads 11 Structure and Function." Day 2: Section Six First subject in this section of Prog#4 reads "Plasmid and chromosomal regulation of toxin gene expression 11 while the first subjection of Prog#2 reads 11 The pag operon: Regulation of PagA l;:>y PagR" "Updates" section of Prog#4 includes a topic titled "genetic constructs for improved expression of LF 11 while Prog#2 does not. "Updates 11 section of Prog#2 includes a topic titled "New candidate vaccines" while Prog#4 does not. "The interaction of B. anthracis with macrophages" section of Prog#4 includes topics titled "Macrophages in pathogenesis of anthrax" and Effect of LF on cytokine production by macrophages; ~ USAMRIID) while Prog#2 does not. Prog#2 has a dif erent t1 le for this section, "The interaction of B. anthracis with macrophages in pathogenesis." J- Header on Prog#4 is labeled "Immunity and Vaccines" while Prog#2 is labeled "Vaccines and immune responses." Prog#4 includes a presenter! Iunder "Other experimental vaccines" while Prog#2 does not. Prog#2 includes the verbiage "possible subjects .. " after the topic titled "Correlates of immune protection" while Prog#4 does not. Day 3: Section Eight USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012141Anthrax Page 521 of 1446 c . .,. ' o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o I I I Prog#4 includes a line item titled " ( "PA32": Los Alamos) under "toxin competitive inhibitors" whJ.le Prog#2 does not. 1- ~iotics: efficacy, resistance (lectures or posters)" t o O L_____j- USAMRIID while Prog#2 does not. Additional Agenda In addition to the abovementioned a endas, a a enda was written nd sent INS for J. ut an ~c~o~m~p~a~r~J.~s~o~n~~~~~~~e~p~r~e~l~iminary agenda and Prog#2, very little was changed. These same eight main topics were carried over from the preliminary agenda to Prog#2. A copy of the preliminary agenda is attached to and made part of this document. reliminar Prog#4 assigns' the section titled "Update on USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012142Anthrax Page 522 of 1446 file: 4th Anthrax Wkshp.Sci.Proa#4 4th International Conference on Anthrax Annapolis, MD U.S.A. I 0 - 13 June 2001 REF.: Files (1 )4th Anthrax WktJviewers (2) 4th Anthrax Wkshp.people (3) 4th Anthrax Wkshp 4 Scientific Program [SUBJECT CATEGORIES and possible speakers and subjects] DAY 1: Opening Remarks (i)r-i---~----:--:-:":"--:-~(.USAMRIID); and? - (2) "Col')ference Dinne [or present talk during the main emen us speake_r"] #1: Ecology and Epidemiology Chairman: I I iS min. Anthrax and the internet: A balance between immediacy and accuracy of information I 2001 Global Anthrax Rerrt I iS min. I Updates- Foci and outbreaks of human anthrax (possible lectures or posters) Central Asian republics Russia.-------. U.S.A.:I or CDC re~....__ _ _ _ _ _ _..... China I Updates: Foci and outbreaks in animals (possible lectures or posters) Canada/USA: domesticated and wild animals Australia: Update Africa: l Jpdates ....__ _...... I I I? I ~South Africa? Late-breakers #2: Anthrax: Threats and Risks Chairman: I lor other CDC representative: .___ _ _.....Pr Rapid Response program POC l._________.~tc.) Bioterrorism and the alleged use of anthrax: Overview and management OR: Anthrax as a biological weapon: Medical and Public Health Management [Working Group for Civilian Biofense: ,-... 3_5 tapes, Phase II POls + v r/\$1 f3r"v...J::.t. '.f'-';,"J USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012143Anthrax Page 523 of 1446 o Rep from .!H\1 QHHS/CDC. or USAMRIID (DOD.: no?) o 2 I Disposal of stockpiles in the FSU: discovery of abandoned spore stockpiles in Uzbekistan/Kazahkstan [A Russian - sensitivity issue?] #3: Detection. Identification. and Classification of B. anthracis Chairman: I I Genetic Diversity of B. anthracis plasmi~-specjfic diversity: I,_ _ _ __.Kpag gene diversity) __ chromosomal polymorphisms: New markers and procedures (MLV A/multiplex PCR) vrr loci polymorphisms I Genetic markers for dete'ction: I lRAPD fingerprinting) Updates on other aenetic markers (Lectures or Posters) rr--...,_--JI et al. ? ? ,__ __ r _.I(SASP ge.ne probes and Bacillus evolution)? Immunological detection: AntiboOv-based systems of detection in natural samples -----'~ NMRI . I.__ Monoclonal antibodies to spores and vegetative cells I I Other methods for raoid detection (Lectures or Posters): 1 INNRI)? ribotvoing 1 I (DARPA); molecular diagnostics and detectors Diaq. Sys. Div (USAMRIID); real-time PCR, robotics, I I(Tox, USAMRIID) -flow cytometry titer determination Chairman's Overview: Identification and Diversity of B. anthracis USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012144Anthrax Page 524 of 1446 o DAY 1 or 2: #4: Molecular BiologY and Genomics Chairman:._!-----------...J The genome of B. anthracis strain Ames: sequence and analysis I lliGR) Sequenye analyses of 0 X01 and pX02: Updates I._ _ _ _____Jietc.) __ characerizatjon of plasmid replication sequences o b7C 3 I I . ? DAY2: #5: Cell Structure and Function: Chairman: I o~.__ _ _ _ _ __. I Genetic Control of Sporulation and Germination OR Genetc Control of Spore and Vegetative Cell Structure I . (Review: I Germination genes of B. anthracis: ~germination loci) L__Jgroup, germinatiC?n loci) Characteristics of the exosporium (Update: ._1 _----J! I Spore Structural Proteins- [OR in Topic #3] I . S-Layer 'Homologous Domains of bacterial surface proteins lgroupl I I #6: Genetic Regulation and Pathogenesis Chairman:! I Plasmid and chromosomal regulation of toxin gene expression I I ldentificati~ceptor-binding regions in PA (two groups): (1 et aLl 1 (2 et ai.l I I Oligom,rizatjoo of rA and cell~lar uptake of toxin Mechanism of anthrax toxin entry into cells (1) Characterization of the PA Channel (2) A polarized epithelial cell model for toxin entry I I USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012145Anthrax Page 525 of 1446 o Role of ~osome in LF toxicity o b6 L______,tt a!.) Updates (lectures or posters) LF Fusion -mediated delivery system, or ~constructs for improved expression of LF L__Jetal.) ? I LF Mechanism of Action (MAPKKs,_eie.L, lor group (eg.,L__J I The interaction of B. anthracis with macrophages: Macrophages in pathogenesis of anthrax I I Effect of LF on cytokine production by macrophages: USAMRIID) 1- Anti-spore hast responses? USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012146Anthrax Page 526 of 1446 ?. o JAY3: Alternate: Combine categories #7 and #8: lmmu~opropbylaxis and Treatment Chairmen:_ o 5 b7C I #7: Immunity and Vaccines ~rid B. Ivins Co-Chairmen:! AVA and rPA vaccine potency and safety: comparisons.in animals (Ivins oc:J Efficacy~gainst vaccine-refractory strains L____jor Ivins) DNA vaccin~es:::..-_ ___, (eg.l CBEFU (and ~ ~t ?al.) PA-producing recombinant B.anthracis vaccines I LF-fusion proteins I I Other experimental vaccines: (Live or"' ooted v~cclnosj-? Correlates of immune protection In vitro correlate/animal models USAMRIID ....._ ____, : DERA (CBDJ'-------1 Human immun?e responses to anthrax vaccine ~....._ __. The SCID mouse model#8: Preveran and Treatment fO[ Human Vaccines and Treatments] Chairmen: I ? Anthrax vaccination: Safety and immunogenicity of alternate schedules and routes: I I - Surveillroce of militarY person?nel immunized with AVA: .._ _ ___.I _ Human Clinical studies with PAVAX . Human antitoxin aptjbodjes ("scFV": ~..I _ _ _ _...... ~ Los Alamos) Toxin competitive inhibitors USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012147Anthrax Page 527 of 1446 o ("PA32":._1_ _ _ _......~Los Alamos) Update ~ics: efficacy, resistance (lectures or posters) L_____J- USAMRIID) CLOSING Remarks (Conference overview): . _ I_ _ _ _..... o 6 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012148Anthrax Page 528 of 1446 o file: 4th Anthrax Wkshp.Scient.Proa#2 4th International-Conference on Anthrax Annapolis, MD U.S.A. o iO -13 June 200i 7 . b7C Scientific Program [SUBJECT CATEGORIES and possible speakers and subjects] .B.5E.: Files (I )4th Anthrax Wkshp.reviewers (2) 4th Anthrax Wkshp.people DAY 1: #1: Ecology and Incidence Chairman:._!_ _ _ _ _ _ _--J Anthrax and the internet: A balance hetwee9 immediacy and accuracy of information 15 min. .I - . 2001 Global Anthrax Report 15 min. I I Updates- Foci ?and outbreaks of human anthrax (possible lectures or posters) Central Asian republics Russia ..--------. U.S.A.: pr CDC rep~.___ _ _ _ _ ___J China I Updates: Foci and outbreaks in animals (possible lectures or posters) Canada/USA: domesticated and wild animals I P Australia:' Update. . _ I_ _ _ ..J Africa:l Updatej ? Namibia?._!_ Late-breakers ___,~outh Africa? #2: Risks and hazards Chairman:._!_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...J Bioterrorism and the alleged use of anthrax: Overview and management OR: Anthrax as a biological weapon: Medical and Public Health Management [Working Group for Civilian Biofense: ? Rep from JHU. DHHS/CDC. or USAMRIID (DOD -no?) I USAMRIID Section 7.pdf J 012149Anthrax Page 529 of 1446 o Disposal of stockpiles in the FSU: discovery of abandoned spore stockpiles in Uzbekistan/Kazahkstan [A Russian - sensitivity issue?] o b7C 8 #3: Detection Identification. and Eoidemioloov of B. anthracis Chairman: I I Genetic Diversity of B. anthracis plasmid-specific diversity: (pag gene diversity) .I I chromosomal polymorphisms: New markers and procedures (MLVA/multiplex PCR) vrr loci polymorphisms ? ......_ _ _ _ _____. 1 Genetic markers for detection: RAPD fjngemrjntjnn I I Updates on other aenetic markers (Lectures or Posters) I ...._ _ ___.I (SASP gene probes and Bacillus evolution)? Immunological detection: Antibody-based systems pf detection in natural samples ____.! (NMRI. . _ I_ Monoclonal antibodies to spores and vegetative cells I I ? Other methods for rapid detection (Lectures or Posters) eg I lfNNBD? rjhph1ping koARPA); molecular diagnol:!tics .and detectors I Chairman's Overview: Identification and Diversity of B. anthracis USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012150Anthrax Page 530 of 1446 \ o DAY 1 or 2: #4: Molecular Biology and Genomics Chairman:._!_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. The genome of B. anthracis strain Ames: sequence and analysis triGR) . o b" b7C 9 I Sequence analyses of pX01 and pX02: Updates I ~tc.) Characerization of plasmid replication sequences I DAY2: I '#5: Structure and Function: Chairman: I 0~1..-------~ I Genetic Control of Sporulation and Germination OR Genetc Control of Spore and Vegetative Cell Structure ~Review:! I Germi7tlon ge~bs of B. anthracis: ermination loci) group, germination loci) Characteristics of the exosporium (Updatet I Spore ~tructural Proteins?- [OR in Topic #3] IL...----11 ? S-layer Hqmojoqot!s Qomajoy of b'\r.terjal smface orrteins ...... [ _t;Jroupi,___ ____ #6: Pathogenesis and Genetic Regulation Cliairman:l I The pag operon: Regulation of pagA by pagR I (2)1 Oligomrization I Identification of receptor-binding regions in PA (two groups): (1 )I I I ot JA and cellular uptake of toxin MechaFjsm of anthrax toxin entry into cells ._ ____.1 ('1) Characterization of the PA Channel (2) A polarized epithelial cell model for toxin entry USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012151Anthrax Page 531 of 1446 ?. o Role of ~osome in LF toxicity L__jetal.) Updates (lectures or posters) LF Fusion -mediated delivery system o b7C 10 I I LF Mefhanism of Actii<on (MAPKKsotc. ....__ ......lor group (eg., New candidate vaccines The interaction of B. anthracis with macrophages in pathogenesis ? ___ I I Anti-spore host responses? I USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012152Anthrax Page 532 of 1446 '? o DAY3: Alternate: Combine categories #7 and #8: lmmunomonhv!ayis rnd Treatment Chairmen: . _ I_ _ _ __._ o b7C 11 #7: Vaccines and immune res onses Co-Chairmen: and B. Ivins AVA and rPA vaccine potency and safety: comparisons in animals (Ivins orO Efficac~ of AVA against vaccine-refractory 9trains I lor Ivins) DNAvaccin8 (eg ER) (oreteyl.) PA-pro'ducing recombinant B.anthracis vaccines I LF-fusion proteins t. I Other experimental vaccines: (Live attenuated recombinant vaccine:L..I_ _ _ _ __. Correlates of immune protection (possible subjects .. ) In vitro correlate/animal models USAMRIID DERA (C8Q.------, Human immune responses to anthrax vaccine The SCID mouse model- ~L..-----1 #8: Prevention and Treatment Or Human Vaccines and Treatments] Chairmen: L---------~ Anthrax vaccination: Safety and immunogenicity of alternate schedules and routes: (A~ I Surveillrce of military personnel immunized with AVA: I Human Clinical studies with PAVAX Human antitoxin antibodies ("scFV":._I_ _ _ _~ILos Alamos) Toxin competitive inhibitors ("PA32":~...1-------~~Los Alamos) USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012153Anthrax Page 533 of 1446 o Update on Antibiotics: efficacy, resistance (lectures or posters) CLOSING Remarks (Conference overview): . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ . o b7C . 12 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012154Anthrax Page 534 of 1446 o file: 4th Anthrax Wksho.Reviewers 4th International Conference on Anthrax: Abstract Review Committee o uc TO:._I--r----'-----, SUBJECT: Program Development- Abstract Review and Selection We need to develop a list of Subject Categories for placement of the abstracts that will be submitted to the Anthrax Conference. The abstracts will need to be reviewed and selected, and this will be done by a Program Committee. We shoult an~P.e oQ a list of Subject Categories to which each abstract will be assigned, and forward this list to Jour POC for the meeting at the ASM. The Subject Categories will then be posted on the n rax onterence web site that ASM will set up. The abstracts will be placed into the categories as they are submitted, so that the reviewers can download them. Ouggested that we ask two people that are prominent in each Subject Category to serve on the committee. We should agree upon aceviewers (with a few alternates, as backups for anyone that cannot participate). I'll send this list t anc.C:Jwill send a letter to each of our selected , individuals to ask them if they would be wilrng o serve as a reviewer. We might also consider calling ? some of the people directly to find out if they would be available. Each Subject Category with its two reviewers will be a Subcommittee that will only be required to review and score for acceptability the abstracts that are submitted for that category. The abstracts will be retrieved by the reviewers from the Management section of the conference website. The abstracts could be scored by a scheme such as the following, based on scientific content and/or level of interest/topical nature): 0 = reject and I - 4 = consider for selection, with 1 = marginal and 4 =fully acceptable., We'll give O a deadline for completion of the reviews; and she'll post this on the web site. After all the abstracts. are are submitted and sent out for review, it would be good to have a general meeting of all the reviewers to: (I) decide which abstracts will be accepted; most will be accepted as poster presentations. (2) Which of the submitters of abstracts we'll invite to give an oral presentation (instead of poster) as part of the main program. We should also have a short list of alternates that could be cont~if the invited speaker is unable to give a presentation. The list of accepted abstracts will be given toL_jwho will inform the submitters about the disposition of their abstract via the C a c e web site (eg. accepted as a poster or rejected). The list of invited speakers will also be given to ho will send out an official invitation letter. If some of the invitees are unable to present orally, the a ernate selection will be invited. We should also identify people to invite to chair sessions in the final program. D Bruce Ivins t:?:t The following is a tentative list of Subject Categories and people who are prominent in the field and might be willing to serve as a reviewer. Thi.s is based on my guesstimates and limited range of contacts (see list below: Anthrax research- places and people). PLEASE make any changes or additions to either the subject categories or reviewers. You can add your suggestions to this and email, or whatever works. I need your input! USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012155Anthrax Page 535 of 1446 o Subject Category* #1: Ecology and Incidence Possible Reviewer o I CDC:._I_ _ _ _ _----J 2 #2: Risks and hazards USAMI-\R.I.I.liiD~jL...----...---.J I #3: Detection, Identification, and Epidemiology of B. anthracis DARPA: _ _.:...._ NAMRI: _ __ #4: Molecular Biology and Genomics TIGR:._I_ __. #5: Structure and Function: Pasteur:._!_ _ _..... #6: Pathogenesis and Genetic Regulation ? D 1'Sr'a:en'i group: -------~ ._I #7: Vaccine prophylaxis and immune responses r---landcol~le~a~gu~e~s~:l___________~ USAMRIID: Ivins, ._I-.....-----...!.._ #8: Prevention and Treatment Los Alamos: ._I ------------J *Reference: "4th International Conference on Anthrax" -c=Jtentative Scientific Program USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012156Anthrax Page 536 of 1446 o Anthrax research - places and?people: Affiliation DARPA o 3 I point of contact: Subject !Detection, ldentification,Epidemiology: molecular diagnostics detectors ..--------.!sp?): Detection, Identification, Epidemiology Pasteur lnst. ~nd group I ~thogenesis and Genetic regulation I regulation of plasmid-encoded virulence factors toxin structure and functional domains structure of bacterial surface proteins ~-~q~e~rQl=ln~at~lo~n and the macrophage I Pathogenesis and Genetic regulation .____ ____.]Detection, ldentification,Epidemiology multiplex PCR NIH .,__ _ _""='"....JI Vaccine group: .___ ____.!Pathogenesis and Genetic Regulation Identification of receptor-binding regions in PA Role of ?the Proteosome in LF toxicity LF ~usion -mediated delivery system LF Mechanism of Action (MAPKKs. etc NAMRI.: Naval Medical CDC ?: Detection, Identification, Epidemiology POC for Anthrax group = ? I Porton/DERA, CBD I vacci~es vaccmes Vaccines D ? experimental vaccines (eg. DNA) _ _____;c: .: o:.:. :rr..: : e.:.: :la:.: .: ;tes of immunity .___ _ ____.!Ecology and Incidence .___ _.,..JStructure/Function Genetic control of spor~lation/germination Porton/CAMR Louisiana State Los Alamos .___~_.I Conference Summary "emeritus" speaker? .___ _ _ _......~cology and Incidence .___ _=m-:::'1oll':"ec=-:-u~lar epidemiology !Detection, ldentification,Epidemiology .___ _ _ _ _....~!Prevention and Treatment USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012157Anthrax Page 537 of 1446 o human antibodies and toixn inhibitors oo 4 N. Arizona UJ !Detection, ldentification,Epidemiology molecular epidemiology TIGR ~..-_ _ __.Molecular Biology and Genomics sequence analysis of B. anthracis genome POC?: Pathogenesis and Genetic regulation LF Mechanism of Action (MAPKKs. etc NCI/FCRF U. Houston: ~...-____.1 Pathogenesis and Genetic regulation regulation of the pag operon U. Michigan L...-_ _ __.Pathogenesis and Genetic regulation germination and the macrophage pathogenesis and the macrophage U. Michigan .__~_ __.I Structure/Function Genetic control of sporulation/germination U. Californiai...._ _ ____.IStructure/Function Spore proteins Tufts ....__ ____.Pathogenesis and Genetic regulation Mechanism of anthrax toxin entry into cells Canada Dept. Renew.Res ' Australia Dept. Nat. Resources USAMRIID .___---II Ecology an? Incidence ~..-____.I Ecology and Incidence lvins,._l---:~!Vaccine prophylaxis/immune responses ~-.-_ __.I. AVA vaccine potency, efficacy, plasmid replication LF-fusion vaccines .___~_.....,~lvaccine prophylaxis/immune responses Recombinant B. anthracis vaccines LF-fusion vaccines .___ __.lvacci~e prophylaxis/immune responses Correlates of immunity Russians USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012158Anthrax Page 538 of 1446 o lsraelli Defence Dept. o 5 etc.: [cannot be considered as reviewers/presenters] L...------=,...,..,...,..,...,..,,........~IVacci nes PAVAX, experimental/live vaccines USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012159Anthrax Page 539 of 1446 w??? f' FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 07/28/2005 IVINS 1 home address, on July 8, 2005 at approx1ma e su er ormed in order to determine any unusual vehicles or unusual activity at the home. No unusual activity was noted. Three vehicles previously known to be associated with IVINS were parked either in the driveway or along the curb in front of I I These vehicles were: b6 Investigation on --------~~---------------- 07/28/2005 at Frederick, Maryland -\c~'b File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Date dictated I ~v ~ I USAMRIID Section 7.pdf I Ins nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; ... .. Thi s it and tts contents are not to be dtstributed outsrde your agency. 012160Anthrax Page 540 of 1446 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID NPU:npu o o -\~~~ 1 Agent . _ l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The followinq investigation was conducted by Special __.jon August 3 2005: Writer performed a search for the name in the United States Army Medical Research Instit._u~t-e--o~f~\~--~ Infectious Diseases' (USAMRIID) key card access records f~ t' eriod from August 1998 through June 2002. The name was not found in the key card access records for t e ntioned time period. I I I pcollaborated ._w_J..,. .t~h=--:B:R".:':U~C~E~E=D~W"!'!AR~';IQ~S~~IV=IN=-==s-o_n_a_e_x_p_e_r_J.':"",m_e_n_t-:--"!""t-:-h-a-:-t--:-t-o-o-:-k---' l ace at USAMRIID. I !corresponded with IVINS via numerous emails [Administrative: during 1998.] I USAMRIID Section 7.pdf D 012161Anthrax Page 541 of 1446 Am:REnJ (Rev. 01-31 -2003) Wi:;:iTE ALL INF'OP11[ATI ON U1iiC:LA:3SIFnm .;.w???o?????.:.o.HJu FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 07/18/2005 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: b7C ~--------------------------------~ Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID~ (Pending)-\3~~ Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: To provide results of AMX-3 investigative lead to review the book Arrowsmith 1 by Sinclair Lewis. Details: ' Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) was evaluated due to his anthrax expertise. Ivins read the book Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis in early high school 1 and has stated that this book ultimately led to his decision to become a scientist. The book 1 which details the fictional story of a scientist who tries to preserve his ideals in the face of societal corruption, was read to gain insight into Ivins' possible state of mind as a result of his reading the book. Pertinent excerpts from Arrowsmith follow: 1 1 Edward~ Ivins of the United States Army Medical Research' During the course of captioned investigation, B~uce Page 38 There is but one trouble with a philosophical bacteriologist. Why should we destroy these amiable pathogenic germs? Are we too sure 1 when we regard these oh, most unbeautiful young students attending YMCA's and singing dinkle-songs and wearing hats with initials burned into them - iss [sic] it worth while to protect them from the so elegantly functioning Bacillus typhosus with its lovely flagella? You know I once asked Dean Silva would it not be better to let loose the pathogenic germs on the world, and so solve all economic questions. 1 Page 123 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 0 012162Anthrax Page 542 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936, 07/18/2005 F~d From: Washington Fiel~ He reflected (it was an international debate in which he was joined by a few and damned by many) that half a dozen generations nearly free from epidemics would produce a race so low in natural immunity that when a great plague, suddenly springing from almost-zero to a world-smothering cloud, appeared again, it might wipe out the world entire, so that the measures to save lives to which he lent his genius might in the end be the destruction of all human life. He meditated that if science and public hygiene did remove tuberculosis and the other major plagues, the world was grimly certain to become so overcrowded, to become such a universal slave-packed shambles, that all beauty and ease and wisdom would,disappear in a famine-driven scamper for existence';' Yet these speculations never checked his work. If the future became overcrowded, the future must by birth-control or otherwise look to itself. Perhaps it would, he reflected. But even this drop of wholesome optimism was lacking in his final doubts. For he doubted all progress of the intellect and the emotions, and he doubted, most of all, the superiority of divine mankind to the cheerful dogs, the infallibly graceful cats, the unmoral and unagitated and irreligious horses, the superbly adventuring seagulls. Page 248 None of these novelties was so stirring as the Eugenic Family, who had volunteered to give, for a mere forty dollars a day, an example of the benefits of healthful practices. They were father, mother, and five children, all so beautiful and powerful that they had recently been presenting refined acrobatic exhibitions on the Chautauqua Circuit. None of them smoked, drank, spit upon pavements, used foul language, or ate meat. Page 278 He is the only real revolutionary, the authentic scientist, because he alone knows how liddle [sic] he knows. He must be heartless. He lives in a cold, clear light. Yet dis [sic] is a funny t'ing [sic]: really, in private, he is not cold nor heartless - so much less cold than the Professional Optimists. The world has always been ruled by the Philanthropists: by the doctors that want to use therapeutic methods they do not understand, by the soldiers that want something to defend their country against, by the preachers that yearn to make everybody listen to them, by the kind manufacturers that love their workers, by the eloquent USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012163Anthrax Page 543 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936, 07/18/2005 F~d From: Washington Fiel~ statesmen and soft-hearted authors - and see once what a fine mess of hell they haf [sic] made of the world! Maybe now it is time for the scientist, who works and searches and never goes around howling how he loves everybody! Page 347 There may have been in'the shadowy heart of Max Gottlieb a diabolic insensibility to divine pity, to suffering humankind; there may have been mere resentment of the doctors who considered his science of value only as it was handy to advertising their business of healing; there may have been the obscure and passionate and unscrupulous demand of genius for privacy. Certainly he who had lived to study the methods of immunizing mankind against disease had little interest in actually using these methods. He was like a fabulous painter, so contemptuous of popular taste that after a lifetime of creation he should destroy everything he has done, lest it be marred and mocked by the dull eyes of the crowd. Page 354 Be sure you do not let anything, not even your own good kind heart, spoil your experiment at St. Hubert. I do not make funnies about humanitarianism as I used to; sometimes now I t'ink? [sic] the vulgar and contentious human race may yet have as much grace and good taste as the cats. But if this it to be, there must be knowledge. So many m~h, Martin, are kind and neighborly; so few have added to knowledge. You have the chance! You may be the man who ends all plague, and maybe old Max Gottlieb will have helped 1 too, hein [sic] , maybe? You must not be just a good doctor at St. Hubert. You must pity, ohr so much the generation after generation yet to come that you can refuse to let yourself indulge in pity for the men you will see dying. Dying ... It will be peace. Let nothing, neither beautiful pity nor fear of your own death, keep you from making this plague experiment complete. Page 373-374 He had seen the suffering of the plague and he had (though he still resisted) been tempted to forget experimentation, to give up the possible saving of millions for the immediate saving of thousands. 3 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012164Anthrax Page 544 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936, 07/18/2005 F~d From: Washington Fiel~ Page 377 Beside him stood Max Gottlieb, and in Gottlieb's power he reverently sought to explain that mankind has ever given up eventual greatness because some crisis, some war or election or loyalty to a Messiah which at the moment seemed weighty, has choked the patient search for truth. He sought to explain that he could-perhapssave half of a given district, but that to test for all time the value of phage, the other half must be left without it ... though, he craftily told them, in any case the luckless half would receive as much care as at present. As the above excerpts illustrate, Martin Arrowsmith, the protagonist, learns that, in order to ensure his experimental plague vaccine works, he must allow some people to die of plague instead of immunizing them. Arrowsmith's mentor, Max Gottlieb, teaches him that people have to die in the short run in order for the world as a whole to be saved in the long run. In addition, Gottlieb takes a cynical view of the world, and feels that it may not be worth saving in the first place, with its unlovable people and overcrowded conditions. Th~s satirical novel presents Arrowsmith and Gottlieb's view of society and how they, as scientists, must be more loyal to the search for truth and scientific breakthroughs than to soft-heartedness and temporary solutions . oo 4 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012165Anthrax Page 545 of 1446 \ o t o ?(Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 06/27/2005 Washington Field Washington Field Amerithrax 3~------------------------------~ Contact: SA~------------------------------~ 1\ Approved By: Drafted By: ~~----------------~ b7C I / (Pending)-\~{ Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 To report on the analysis of USAMRIID keycard access database records corresponding to the July 2004 consensual search and inventory of Bacillus anthracis Ames strain material maintained at USAMRIID. Synopsis: Details: On July 16, 2004 through July 23 1 2004 1 the FBI's Amerithrax Taskforce and Hazardous Material Response Teams (HMRTs) conducted a consensual~search and inventor of Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) Ames train materials maintained in Buil 1n s 1412 an 1425 of the U ited ~~~ Medical Research of Infectious 'seases (USAMRIID). The search and inventory were conducted to. ensure u ? compliance with a previously issued subpoena requesting submission of all USAMRIID B.a. Ames strain isolates to the FBI Repository. Prior to commencement of the search, an agreement was reached between the FBI and USAMRIID wherein personnel from both parties accessing the facility during the search period would have restricted and recorded access to areas within Buildings 1412 and 1425. Limited access was deemed necessary to conduct a safe 1 secure and thorough search 1 and was designed to minimize the impact to ongoing research at USAMRIID. An agreement was also reached that USAMRIID and FBI personnel would escort one another into the hot suites/ or biocontainment areas as a safety consideration and to maintain the integrity of the search. 1 The following 18 FBI HMRT personnel participated in the search and inventory of B.a. Ames within the USAMRIID hot suites in July 2004:1 ~------------------------------------------~ D USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012166Anthrax Page 546 of 1446 To: ' Washington From: Washington Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 06/27/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ 1 I These FBI personnel represented HMRTs from the Balt~more, Chicago, Detroit, Miami, Pittsburgh and Washington Field Divisions. telephone! I provided keycara access data ase records corresponding to the July 2004 search period. I !furnished a CD-ROM, titled "Access Data for FBI: USAMRIID Access Records, July 16, 2004 through July 23, 2004." The compact disc contained the access records for all badge readers in USAMRIID Buildings 1412 and 1425, to include all hot suite keypad records. The database incorporated the access records of all FBI personnel and USAMRIID employees and contractors for the period of July 16, 2004 through July 23, 2004. The CD-ROM provided byl I is maintained in the case file in a 1A envelope labeled "USAMRIID keycard access database records related to the July 2004 consensual search and inventory of Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) Ames strain materials maintained at USAMRIID: two 3% inch diskettes and one CD-ROM disc." The USAMRIID access records were analyzed to assess the level of compliance with the pre-search agreement that all USAMRIID personnel accessing designated hot suites during the search period required accompaniment by FBI personnel. The electronic keycard access database was partitioned according to date. Excel spreadsheets, containing records of access for all keycard readers in Buildings 1412 and 1425, were generated for each day of the search. Keycard reader and keypad records associated with access the BuitdinT 1412 hot suite and Building 1425 suitesr---1 and were evaluated, as these locations encompasse~areas where B.a. Ames was utilized and maintained at USAMRIID. Specifically, access records corresponding to the following locations were allotted particular scrutiny: On Janua~ 19, 2005, I Iwork I lof USAMRIID's Buildinq 1412 Male change room entry reader Male change room exit reader ....___..... Hot suite entry keypad D Female change room entry reader Female change room exit reader Hot suite entry keypad 2 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012167Anthrax Page 547 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 06/27/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ F 'Q,,.; 1 r~; na D D D D D .___ __ ..... 1425 Male change room entry reader Male change room exit reader Hot suite entry keypad Female change room entry reader Female change room exit reader Hot suite entry keypad Male change room entry reader Male change room exit reader Hot suite entry keypad Female change room entry reader Female change room exit reader Hot suite entry keypad Male change room entry reader Male change room exit reader Hot suite entry keypad Female change room entry reader Female change room exit reader Hot suite entry keypad Air locks 1412 First floor airlock entry reader 14121 ~irlock entry reader 1412 Basement airlock entry reader 1425 ._I_ ____.I airlock entry reader 1 4 2 5 0 airlock entry reader 1425 airlock entry reader Results of analysis Evaluation of the access records revealed that, with a few exceptions, USAMRIID personnel accessing designated hot suite areas during the July 2004 search and inventory period were accompanied appropriately by FBI personnel. Following is a brief synopsis of the search time line, incorporating three instances in which direct escort of a USAMRIID employee by an FBI representative was not readily apparent. USAMRIID personnel are identified below with capital letters. The consensual search and inventory of USAMRIID's entire collection of B.a. Ames was initiated on July 16 and completed on July 23. The first joint entry of USAMRIID and FBI personnel into a hot suite occurred in Building 1412 at 3 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf I 012168Anthrax Page 548 of 1446 To: Re: . Wash1ngton F1e From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 06/27/2005 . .eld e b2 F on July 16. sAl laccompaniedl I into the biocontainment area. The search of Building ued until July 21. With the exception of two 1nstances, all entries of USAMRIID personnel into the Building c:::J hot suite clearly corresponded to concurrent entries by FBI personnel. On July 19 at 9:55am, BRUCE IVINS entered ther---l male change room in Building 1412 and accessed the hot su~ at 9:57 am. According to the access records, IVINS was not directly escorted by FBI personnel; however, numerous FBI and US~RIID pers~nnel we:e already present in the 1412 hot suite. SAsl _ Jentered the male change room at approximately I shortly after IVINS. IVINS' e t : J m the male change room at 11 ?16 am corresponded with the am exits ofl I suggesting a IVINS' presence was known to the FBI personnel working in the Building! I hot suite . .---------.On July 20 I ~~~--~~~~c~h=a~n~g~e~room in Bu1ld1ng 1412 and accessed the hot !entered the suite at I I Accord:i,n9......t..q the access records, I lwas not directly escorted by al___JHMRT member; however, numerous FBI and USAMRIID personnel were already present in the hot suite. I I change r~o~o~m~a~t~------~ Notably, ern~t~e~r~e~d~t,hr~e~-----------L~~~~ at at b2 F According to the FBI's Command Post Administrative Log, evidentiary items collected from Building 1412 were transported to the FBI refrigerator/freezer in the Building 1425 c:::Jhallway at 4:30 pm on July 21, 2004. Once the evidentiary items were removed from Building 1412 on July 21, the hot suite areas were released and authorized USAMRIID personnel were permitted to enter the biocontainment areas without accompanying FBI personnel. On July 19, entry photography was conducted and sketches were generated for Building 1425 suitesr---land B3/B4. The search and inventory of B.a. Ames in~ding 1425 ensued until July 23. Prior to initiation of the Building 1425 search, USAMRIID personnel were allowed to conduct essential work in the hot suites, provided that an FBI HMRT 4 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012169Anthrax Page 549 of 1446 To: ' Washington From: Washington Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 06/27/2005 Fi~d Fiel~ member was present. With the exception of one instance, all entries of USAMRIID personnel into the Building 1425 hot suites from July 16 - 23, 2004, corresponded to concurrent entries by FBI personnel. ~--------~~~~~~~~~pproximatelyr---------~~------------~ r--------.--~--~a-c_c_e_s_s--~to the B4 suit1e~vT:1Liarlt~e~::::~~~~ entered the room at respectively.~A~c-c-o-r~1-n-g~to the access records, no FBI personnel were present in the B3/B4 suite during the early;morning ofl lthus suggesting thatl Jwere not directly escorted by a male or female HMRT member. Considering thatl lwas one of the initial days of the search and FBI personnel were new to USAMRIID protocols, writer speculates that an FBI escort was likely present, but did not bad e into or out of the chan e room. USAMRIID identified requiring access to suite B3 B4 on in a memorandum to the FBI, dated July ~--,--~~~~~~1~~e~"Access to 1412 (hot side), I land B3/B4." The memorandum further stated that, along with the individual needing access to the hot suite, a USAMRIID escort was required to accompany the FBI escort for safety monitoring. Writer spFculates ~hatl lwas the USAMRIID escort, while jconductedc==J work within suite B3/B4. By early afternoon of July 22, evidence collection and exit photography of suitec:::Jwere completed. Inventory and evidence collection of suite B3/B4 was completed by 7:00 pm on July 23. The Excel spreadsheets, created for each day of the search, are contained on a CD-ROM titled "USAMRIID keycard access data for July 16- July 23, 2004." Hard copies of the spreadsheets and notes generated during the analysis are maintained, along with the CD-ROM, in a 1A envelope titled "Analysis of keycard access database records corresponding to the July 2004 consensual search and inventory of B.a. Ames strain material maintained at USAMRIID. Contains hard copies of access records, analysis notes, and a CD-ROM of electronic access records." 7 ~--~ ~--------------------~--~-xited the code entry was not recor~d~e~d~~~--~~~ F b C ~?~?~----~ 5 USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012170Anthrax Page 550 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 28 48- Duphcate 49 ~Duplicate 56- b6. b7C 57- b6. b7C 58 ~ b6, b7C 60- b6, b7C 65- b6, b7C 66 -- b6, b7C 67- Refetral!Drrect 68 - Refetral!Drrect 69 ~Referral/Direct 70- Refetral!Drrect 71 - Refetral!Drrect 72 ~ b2, b6, b7C, b7E 73- b2. b6, b7C, b7E74- b2. b6, b7C, b7E75 ~ b2, b6, b7C, b7E 76- b2, b6, b7C, b7E 77- b2, b6, b7C, b7E 78 -- b2, b6, b7C, b7E 79- b2, b6, b7C, b7E80- b2, b6, b7C, b7E8! ~ b2, b6, b7C, b7E 82- b2, b6, b7C, b7E 106- Refetral!Drrect 107 ~ Refetral!Direct 108- Refetral!Drrect 109- Refetral!Drrect USAMRIID Section 7.pdf 012171Anthrax Page 551 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .e - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 08/19/2005 b7C was ence. A ter e~ng advised of the identity agent, and the purpose of 'the interview, provided the following i-nformation: Investigation on __:.0...:.8:.._/...:.18~/-=2:....:.0..:,0.::.,5_=--=--}:_t__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _....J----------I File# 279A-WF-222936-..us~~un~\b..\\, Date dictated by~S~A~~-----------------=====L-~----------------------~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its cohtents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ...__ _ _ ___. I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012172Anthrax Page 552 of 1446 ' o? '' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .e o ,Page--=--- 279A-WF-222936-LEADS ContinuationofFD-302of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __!----------,On 08/18/2005 posJ.tJ.on of United Stat~e~s~~r~m=y~~e~~J.~c~a~~R~e~s=e~a~r~c~"I~n~s~t~J.~'tLu~t~e~f~o~r~I~n~f=e~c~t~i~o~u~s~ Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland. I I immediately accepted the position. I I Raw r.hiR as a very rare 1 opportuni tv to learn and do oure r I _, ...., , ? 1 c==J 1 ThJ.s was a genuJ.ne research facility where you are J.ntended to improve your labora,ory techniques and knowledge. On a regular basis,c::Jandl would come up new ideas and would go to the lab and apply what they had discussed. worked with Bacillus anthracis, AMES strain Uponr--l arrJ.va~ tney were completJ.ng al llaborator.~v--~ Unli~t USAMRIID, all work here was stricr.lv conr.roll~=~ri I I I I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012173Anthrax Page 553 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 1,0-6-95) .e o 0 8/18/2 0 0 5 , Page _.....;3;:;..__ 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____.!---------- , On As previousl~ stated I lworke~th B. anthracis, AMES strain, while atr L lusAM~IID. also worked with B. anthracis, Volume a~ Pasteur scrains, whi e at USAMRIID. worked with both the living organism and its DNA. The organisms were always vegetative never.workin wi h res.l it was called the is un~s~u~r=e--:!'~""l:"'''::-::----' B. anthracis (AME was a rea y at it had peen acquired shortly after.L-~~~1r-~w~a~s~r~e~c~e~1~v~e~----~~--i ?1 J there would be a chain of custody reflecting it had been received, and from where it had come. At both locations, there was a record maintained of all frozen inventories of the organisms. There was a record of autoclaving which should show a 1:1 c::J USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012174Anthrax Page 554 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .e 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L_________ j - - - - - - - - - , On 0 8/18/2 0 05 , Page --'4"---- correlation of samples removed from the freezer to those destroyed/sterilized. Every autoclave session had a control spore strip present which would be used to make sure the autoclave cycle was completed~ The chain of custodies, frozen logs, and autoclave logs were all handwritten in books, not computerized. Similar records were maintained at USAMRIID. noted that atllusAMRIID there were no general logs maintained~ would show how much organism was grown from the samples, or records to reflect how much of the grown organism was used in testing, and then subsequently destroyed. Some reconstruction of this could be done by review~ng the laboratory notebooks of all of the researchers who worked with the suspect agents. ~--~-~----~----~-~ when stock samples were removed from the freezer, they were isolated via streak plates and grown in broth. Then for long term storage, the organism was spun down, placed in a tube with glycerol, quick frozen in a dry I I I I ?t~~~~f~ri~a- ~h~~~;~~~i~~~~ pt~;~~rr-~z:ti~~ ~b~f~?~~e n~~~?~ssa~y if an organism was being stored for an extremely lonq time. Organisms were never distributed to researchers outside of the facility) lwas res onsible for the or anisms, though ~e or the~r or~g~n, used in~~----~--~~L-----, WhereasL__jwould have been given wqrking organisms by at USAMRIID. ~------~ D USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012175Anthrax Page 555 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6?95) .e 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of L ________ j - - - - - - - - - , On 08/18/2 005 , Page _...:;:;5__ Upon exiting the laboratory at USAMRIID it was a one way exit. The individual would leave the lab, discard their clothing into a bin, then move into an anti-bacterial shower. After the shower, the worker would exit to the locker room where he/she would get dressed. As you moved from one area to another the "one-way" door would close behind you preventing you from re-entering the last area. The only way to remove and organism from this environment would be through Jlacement in a body orifice. Though no cameras -were seen,l _was told there were cameras everywhere watching your activities. I !organisms were not left out overn~ght. While growing they were placed always placed in the incubators. When storing the organisms, the vials were placed in the -70 freezer. ..,._..,...---:--~ never drying of B. anthracis. cultures ;::;,;:.;..;;::.=:.:.::.:.~:;.:.;;;;;.;; the USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012176Anthrax Page 556 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) .e 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of I ~~----------_;---------- ,On 08/18/2005 , Page _ _:::.._ _ I had good results, and the organism easily survived the process. lnever saw dry samples of organisms atl USAMRIID. L-----------------~ I L-~~~~~~~~----~1 A~ I .ID, tne organJ.sms were examined f11ll I J mJ.croscopJ.cally. ATea The B. anthracis AMES strain was I lworked with Ivr ns at USAMRIID. IVJ.ns dJ.d a lot of 11 spore work". Ivins and lwere responsible for all of the B. anthracis spore production at U~AMRIID .. Spore ~roduct~on of ~porulat~ng organis~: ca~ d:Ie WJ.th the J.nformatJ.on avaJ.lable J.n the l1tlrature. L_ _ _ __ Ivins make very large~ore reps. l w a s very now e gea .e of spore production, but never saw hi.m make the preps. ? Ivins would determine t e LD-50 of pathogenic organisms with mice. Ivins used BALB-C and CBA-J mice, per the publications. Because of his work with spores, Ivins would do weekly spore check swipes of the bacteriology suites, and there would occasionally be a small contamination somewhere in the lab (e.g. phone, doorknob). :e atl ~----~--------~~w~a~s~ not aware of anyone lyophilizing B. anthracis IUSAMRIID. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012177Anthrax Page 557 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6:95) .e b6 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of --L--------J-----------, On 0 8/18/2 0 05 , Page _ _7.:...__ ~------~!suggested that most of the individuals with unique knowledge ff B. aqthracis spore preps could'be determined by doing a query' on_ J atLI_______________~I As previously stated, there were occasions at USAMRIID when there were positive contamination hits for spore presence. These were rare. This only occurred when spore preps were made at USAMRIID for the "mice studies". ? I all orl_ I work was inLI---r--..., sui t e O The main lab was in room I w1th the autoc ave 1n the back of the lab, and the primary~----~ egress/ingress betweenc===J andl I At U~AMRITD( .,. . lnever worked or was 1n that building. D could Inot describe anything present in USAMRIID building! ~----~ Cards ?and keypads were required at USAMRIID. ~------~ "Piggybacking" never occurred with, or was observed byl This was.- agains.t. the. established security? protocols. ~__,_____. I I believes that the only select agent froml smuggling it out v~1-a p_l_a_c e_m_e_n~t~i~n--a--~~----~~__. __ __ exit protocols from the labs at could think of another wa USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012178Anthrax Page 558 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .e 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ __J----------, On 08/18/2 005 , Page _...:::;8__ always paired which would make it more difficult, and a body orifice would still be necessary, to get the organism out of the lab. lis not aware of anyone who ever attemytedlto remove a select agent from the labs in whichr-lworked. is not aware of anyone who ever joked or suggested tEat they might attempt to remove a select agent from the lab. I I was not aware of anyone who ever suggested that they might make a select agent for use in an improper fashion. I ladded that if someone was to remove a select agent for the purpose of anthrax letters, they could have used the much more virulent "New Hampshire" anthrax strain. This New Hampshire strain has a theoretical mice LD-50 of 0.5 organisms. lwas not aware of anyone with the access and ability to create and handle dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the media, or others. I ldid identify that being in an educated ")ibe;)'::'ql "- e;nvirqnmElrtt PElQple we;J:;:e of; ten opinionatedbjout. politics, etc. However, no oner--lhas ever worked with would identify as "hostile", or remotely--s-nggestive of doing such a t 1.ng .. ~~*-~~~~~~~?gs of the anthrax letters.-c== I I ~------~lis not aware of anyoner--lwould think responsihJe a subject of the investigation. I have erformed le itimate work s~o-m_e_w~h-e_r_e--~~------~ l --~------~was Ol.ng egl. l.ma e wor would have been inoculated, and followed up with~ular boosters. This would result in a high antibody titer. Ifl__jwas not previously vaccinated then the presence of any antibody titer would be suspect. I I No one whol lworked with while at USAMRIID c==J lwere ever "lax" in the handling of the dangerous organisms. c::Jdi~ not have, or knew of, anyone inappropriately interested in the pathogenic organisms. was not aware of?anyone at USAMRIID, which was like an academic facility ,I I which was working for a client with work orders that dictated the work performed, who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to biological or chemical agents, or the means to produce them. I I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012179Anthrax Page 559 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) .e 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of L ________J---------- ,On 08/18/2 0 05 Growing the B. anthracis orqanism is easy. r ,Page _ _:::9_-.,.. I b7F In addition?to the difficulty of creating a flowing powder of the organism, the individual would have needed to grow hundreds of liters in order to have the amount of organism used in t;._l;lE??e_ ~1ll?t:i.JJp.g:;; ... El9rneQ!le wou:LO. h19.ye noticed thi& happening. If.. done outside of a level III laboratory, I !believed that there would have been dead animals in the area of the production of the organism (e.g. a garage or residence). It would be difficult to control the size of the isolation without any of it getting out, anO. animals are much more susceptible to B. anthracis than are humans. There are very few people out there who would have the access and the ability to produce this isolation. -~~~-~!recalled that the FBI had sent out an e-mail to the 35,000 ASM membership asking for assistance in how it could have been done, or who may have done it. Some of the scientists were offended by the request. Some of the scientists failed to see the big picture and were resistant to the thought that one of their own could have done this act. lwas not aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in getting around established forensic techniques. ~---~Jadded that there are, 11 o o o too many genetic markers to. get around it. 11 Trenton New Jerse not have any personal associations with I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012180Anthrax Page 560 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .e 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------~-------------------?0" 08/18/2005 ,P~e 10 I lean ~T~r~e~n~t~o~n~,~N~e~w~J~e~r~s~e~y~.------------~ working at not recall ever being in ..,;I o . l i ving is confident that was I I the an ax letter events. Due to the shut 1ng down of the a1rlines following 0~9"'-L-/1=.1......_C] __....._llllod~o.. e.~as_..n.wo... ...... ev~ t_.....b e J"'tJ would have been able to travel in~~----~--~--~~ during Se:tember and October 2001. D . _ I_ __ _ _ . There were established Standard Operating Procedu~es (SOPs) for the decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets while at USAMRIID ~ These SOPs were based upon CDC guidelines for biosafety. The procedure was as follows: everything was removed from the hood, it was then wiped dowi). wit.h 70% ethanol or 10% bleach, the sash was then closed and the germicidal lamp was left on for approximately 10 minutes. I USAMRIID.~not know'what decontamination procedures were ~has never been in the virology suites~at used in the virology suites, or whether it smelled of bacterial decontamination agents. At USAMRIID, in the bacterial suite, paraformaldehyde decontamination was done approximately once every month or two. There was usually a couple of days notice that this was going to occur. The paraformaldehyde decontamina~?~~~~..~~ done at Battelle but onl regularly used plastic containers a~------~--~ USAMRIIDI l(plastic exclusively). SamP,~~~~------~~ stored in Falcon tubes and microcenterfuqe tubes. also provided plastic reagent bottles. I lwas un am1 1ar with "sterilite", and could not say whether boxes were ever missing while at USAMRIID. If it occurred, it was never of such a concern that was informed, or asked about, them being missing. I D While at USAMRIIDI lwas not aware of any work being conducted in an "unofficial" or "off the record" manner. All work inc::J laboratories was documented in lab notebooks. At USAMRIID,c::J work product was passed through a "pass through box" with a germicidal lamp, and then entered in lab notebook. All of c=J work was reviewed wit~ I These note~ooks were maintained on the shelves in the work area, and were D USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012181Anthrax Page 561 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev.l0-6-95) oo o 0 8 I 18 /2 0 0 5 , Page -----"=-=-- 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. J - - - - - - - - - , On not secured in~ particular way. USAMRIID afterL__Jdeparture. These notebooks remained at I lwas shown a photocopy of a prestamped envelope . . -QE.?!Y~r. Plf_rg):~o{l:?.~SL.~D:Y 91= :t:;:.~e. P;J:'~-stampE;_q_envelopes fo.r. e:kths;:~; or for someone else- I I found them to be a short s1g te purchas~ with the regularly changing postage rates. lwas not with USAMRIIDI lat the time of the Ameri~t~h-r_a_x~i-n~cidents. I !never came in contact with the anthrax laced letters, and was never asked to perform analytical work in association with this case . .-------'---,..--.....1 first L-----:--r---t-1 hea:r.rd--cf from with this case. L__j never worked with at USAMRIID. I I D """I ~---~ or recalled ~as never asked to host a forei n visitin scientist at either USAMRIID I (AIT) . I ~---~~lhas never heard of the Aeromedical Isolation Team l?was not a member of .the AIT. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012182Anthrax FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo n ., ,On 08/18/2 005 Page 562 of 1446 279A-WF-222936-LEADS Continuation ofFD-302 of L ________r----------- , Page--==- L...-___,....,...._ _.1 stated could b~ re~tacted anytime concerning this matter, a~c:JofferedL__Jassistance as a consultant in the Amerithrax matter. ? USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012183Anthrax Page 563 of 1446 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \~\~ o I 1 foJJowjfg investigation was conducted by Special Agent (SA) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation on September 28, 2005: As previously reported former United States Armyr---~ Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases employee! ~~--~~~~ Social Security Account Number (SSAN) :1 1 Date of Birth (DOB) :I lhad access to the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) will employed at USAMRIID. A query of available USAMRIID keycard access records for I !met with positive results. USAMRIID keycard access records indicated keycard activity for I I during the period of I ---::---.::------1 ... through! I USAMRIID keycard access records also indicated multiple keycard activities fo~ lat USAMRIID locations to included, but not limited to: I IKeypad,rl=---~ Keypad, I I Keypad, andl I keypad. Writer opines I keycard act~vity is consistent with~~-----------~ personnel. met with ositive results. ~------------------------------~is listed as a co-investigator along with other USAMRIID personnel to include imited to:l I nd ~-2~ IY:~rt's, on protocol I t Br~efl v protocol tails th~ I . ~~~=r--~~~~~~~d?. ~n USAMRlllJ nu~1a~n91 1 :tor tne collect~on oi pos~t~ve control specimens .I I is further described as 1 fhe b7C b7 C g 1 was listed as: This address is incorrect. A ...,.::i:.:.n:.::t::.::e:::.::r:::.::n~e::.:t:::.....s::::.e:::::.::::a.::.r.::::c~h:.....:::f;.;:o:.:::r:..~..---.....1l....:::.i:.:n.:::;dica ted this was the for the A query fori ::TOn internet ~~~-~~----------------------~~met with positive results. ~----~T~h~e~l~a~s~t~~k~n~o~w~n~a~d~d~ress fori r=J is further described as: USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012184Anthrax Page 564 of 1446 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID WORK ADQRESS :_ I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012185Anthrax Page 565 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) o ROUTINE Washington Field Inspection Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: ~~/NOFORN o Date: FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: 09/28/2005 Attn: IICL..~-----------~ Approved _By: (U) Drafted Case ID Title: ~==========~~ #: (U) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID / AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 (Pending)-\~~ Synopsis: (U) To document additional individuals who may have had access to the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . ? Details: (U) On 5/18/2000 at 10:40:23 a.m., Dr. Bruce Ivins sent an e-mail to I I and I I This e-mail, which was identified by SSAI I was found among archived e-mail on 35 USAMRIID computer back-up tapes. In the afore-mentioned e-mail, Ivins provided a list of individuals who had worked on the anthrax vaccine, but were no longer at USAMRIID. Ivins list was compared with a list of individuals known to have had access to the Ames strain of Ea. The names of the following individuals were not located on the list:l I (U) ACS was searched in regards to the above-mentioned individuals with the following results: ~NOFORN USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012186Anthrax Page 566 of 1446 I,U) To: Re! Washington Field From: Washington Field ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o ~NOFORN o (u) . . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 Ivins. POI, Serial 1404) of Bruce I (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936- USAMRIID, Serial 846) I ofl ~~ ( n) I I ,___'_u_)__r_n_t_e_r_v_i_e_lor__ t_2~7rA-WF-222936- USAMRIID, Serial 674) of~~----~ I (U) I (U) Interview (27JA-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 507) ofl'-------~ (U) I Ibelieves._l_________.l has worked with anthrax. Interview (279A-WF-222936 - I ~--~~ worked (U) I WJ. th !indicated that Ba. '-------------------.....1 I I (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - POI, Serial 766) of I ..____. . . ~/NOFORN 2 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012187Anthrax Page 567 of 1446 fTT~ 1-1 To: Re: ~ "'-~~ington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o ~T/NOFORN o .....___~ bacteria. (U) ~ stated! !worked and experimented with .....___ _____. r.....________~~ ~(U~)---~In~terview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 27) ofl r-------------------~~~~~worked with anthrax in the ,______________________. at USAMRIID before departure. D (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936- 302, Serial 2660) of~~----~ r----'-.....;...._----,1 . (U) .___ _____.I ~(U~)-=In=t~erview (279A-WF-222936 - 302, serial 298) ofl (Q) ~-__________...... I I adyised I is a specialist in anthrax. I ~(U~)--.I~n~t~e.ry~1~?e~w~(~2w7~9A-WF-222936 ~ Serial I I ~-------------~ (U) I lat USAMRIID and worked in ro~o-m~c::Jr-~~i-n~b-u~il~d~l~~n-g~l----~1 ~ u~ 264) of~~-~ studied Ba . _ I_ _ _ _ . Interview (279A-WF-222936 - 302, Serial 904) of ~ b7C (u) I I (u) Interview I (U) (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1131) re: Laboratory Notebook Review Project. ~T/NOFORN 3 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012188Anthrax Page 568 of 1446 (U1o: Re: ~hington ~ Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o ~T/NOFORN o b7C (U) Notebookl !revealed that on May 8. 2003, Ames spores were provided toj~--------------------------~1 folder entitled "Harvesting Spores - + GLP Spore a copy of an e-mail from Bruce Ivins to vafious Pr cipal Investigators (PI)I I The email calculated the amount of spores needed for aerosol challenges of 1000 rabbits and 200 monkeys. ~~ I contained )A (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - MAIN, Serial 6263) re: Laboratory Notebook Review Project. (U) Notebook numberl I assigned tol I entries by Ivins regarding production of Ba Ames at Dugway._! lwas listed as the .___ _~I for this project. ~----------------------__. contain~d (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 882) re: Laboratory Notebook Review Project. (U) An e-mail dated May 1, 1997 from Ivins to various principal investigators's! lwas found in kl I In the e-mail Ivins discusses purifying the spores with an ultimate viability of 4 times ten to the Q . (U) On October 9, 1997 Ivins sent another e-mail discussing the Dugway spores. Ivins advised the preparation using Dugway spores would be known as RMR 1029. .__I------~1= ~(~IJ~)--~I.n~t~e~r~v~i~e~w~(~279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, I (u) Serial 1088) ofc===J (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1024) ofl I ....____ ~ USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012189Anthrax Page 569 of 1446 S~NOFORN lUI To: Washington Field From: Washington Field Re: ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o b6 b7C (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1131) re: Laboratory Notebook Review Project. c===J in (U) (U) name was mentioned in notebook number relati~o-n~t-o~~~--~~~~1 ( u) I ~I_ _ _ _ _ _____. Interview (279A-WF-222936 - 302, Serial 635) of~~----------~ (ul.[ advisedb was no longer at USAMRIID a n a was unaware of whereabouts. (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - MAIN, Serial 1115) re: Interviews conducted at USAMRIID. (U) I I ~----------~~was listed as "not at USAMRIID". (U) ~Interview u (279A-WF-222936- 302, Serial 961) of~~--------.---1 ~(~U~)--~In~terview (279A-WF-222936 - 302, Serial 3489) of I I ~----~ a v1se as never wor e w1t an an1ma expose to ant rax, ~asc==J conducted a necropsy of an anthrax infected animal. L____j~id have access to the hot suites, including the hot side of building I I ~----~1 (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 483) ofl ~-----~ (U) Approximately one month after the anthrax mailings, I I showed Bruce Ivins several 'ars containi~n-~~~---~~-~~~ simulants. Ivins stated the vial containing a substance that smoke in a glass" was most similar to the evidence. ~NOFORN 5 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012190Anthrax Page 570 of 1446 o ~/NOFORN From: o (U) To: Re: .~~~ington ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 Field Washington Field ~----~1 (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - Lab, Serial 132) ofl ~----~ (U) I lwas asked about I I and others submitting to a polygraph, thus allowing them b::-oe~'read in" to the AMERITHRAX case.l !advised each individual would have to agree to the polygraph voluntarily. (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 935) of Bruce E. Ivins. (U) Ivins advised Ivins did not (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1269) ofl ~--------~1 ~---~ I ~(U~l~~I~n~t~erview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 508) of~~----~ I (U) I I ( u) I I Interview (279A-WF-222936 ~ I . . _______. Serial 2 67) of D ~(U~)~~I~n~terview (279A-WF-222936- USAMRIID, Serial 1148) ofl I ....___~ I S~/NOFORN 6 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012191Anthrax Page 571 of 1446 S~/NOFORN (U) To: Washington Field From: Washington Field Re: ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o (U) L - 1_ _ _ _ __ _ _ . (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 499) of Bruce Ivins. (U) Ivins advised~!--~~--------~I isolated the Ba sample called Texas 2 from sheep liver. (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 882) re: Laboratory Notebook Review Project. (U) On page four of notebook! Ivins detailed a procedure in which he grew five liters of Ba (strain unknown) to give tok ~ None of the rats died after being injecte w1th th1s preparation and Ivins speculated he had harvested the Ba too early. On page 18, one liter of the Ristroph medium was again inoculated, and the supernatant was. saved and given tol I I ( u) I EC (279A-WF-222936 i~ I _ __.l Serial 957) re: L-1_ _ _----JI of b7E , u) I I co-aqtbored (U) (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1065) of IL--_____. (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1131) re: Laboratory Notebook Review Project. S~/NOFORN 7 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012192Anthrax Page 572 of 1446 ' ' .. ~/NOFORN To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o b7C name was found in a folder entitled (u) ....._ _ _____. 1 (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1131) re: Laboratory Notebook Review Project. (U) ~:Cll~~ b~ noted there were no references to an individual named ] at USAMRIID. However, a reference was made to an in 1v1 ua named! ~ That reference follows below. 1: (U) (U) Insert (279A-WF-222936 - 302, Serial 3745) re: ACS checks run on various I I employees. ~----------~(U) I The name~~------------~ was found on a list of~~---~ I (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - POI, Serial 1299) ofl I ~~ was listed as a co-author with Bruce Ivins on a paper published in titled e capability to I ~(S_)~--~~~~~~~~~~--------~Ire: ._I ----~~anthrax researchers. Request for._l --------------------~ ~OFORN 8 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012193Anthrax Page 573 of 1446 ,, . ' To: Re: ~tpington JX\ Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o ~T/NOFORN o b7C (U) "'/ (U) Serial 177437 re: anthrax research and ~--------~~(U~)~~A~n~e~w anthrax vaccine was developed byl I I I that is less toxic and longer last1ng. The ~v-a_c_C_l~n-e--1~s--r_e_a_cl~y--f~o~r commercial development and clinical trials will begin soon. The research team created harmless mutant forms of the three key proteins that together make anthrax fatal. A five liter capacity fermenter can now produce approximately five grams of protective antigen per liter. (U) Eel I Serial 109) re: I I ~-------------~ ( u) I (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 489) of I I ~~ ~/NOFORN 9 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012194Anthrax Page 574 of 1446 ... . To: Re: ~ayhington ~ Field From: Washington ?Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o I ~/NOFORN o I Addjtjorally, to . I (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 266) of ~------------------------------~ (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 POI, Serial 168) of source. ~--------~'~Uu)__~s~rurce described~~----------~las an associate of (U) (U) Interview (279A-WF-222936 - 302, Serial 1869) of Bruce Ivins. ~----------~'~Uu)_.________~lw~o~r~k~e~d~w~l~?t~h~vaccine strains of Ba. I (U) EC (279A-WF-222936 - USAMRIID, Serial 1309) re: Unauthorized environmental surveys conducted by Ivins. (U) On July 7, 2002, Ivins sent an e-mail tol ~------~1 stating his most recent swabbing was the third time he had found virulent anthrax outside of the hot suites. Ivins advised in the early 80'sl lhad injected and killed guinea pigs with the Vollum 1B strain of anthrax. After the death of the guinea pigs, all of the used bedding had to be removed from the suite. Since the autoclave was not working, paraformaldehyde was used on the bedding, and everything was sent to cagewash for cleaning. Ivins advised prior to the bedding being shipped to cagewash, he took and plated a sample. Ivins discovered that the top of the bedding was sterile, but the lower layers were contaminated with anthrax and other bacteria. I ~OFORN 10 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012195Anthrax Page 575 of 1446 .... . ~ To: Re: ~hington Field From: Washington Field ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/28/2005 o ~T/NOFORN o b7C (U) ~ ~ (U) EC (~-WF-222946 ~ __o_f~o-r__s_t~u-a~~~?e_s__o_n B~a-.----------------~ lre:~u-s_e __ I ~----------------------------------------------~ ~--------~--~------~ I tasked~m~i~l~~~?t_a_r_y s_e_r_v-~~?c_e_s a_n_d~-s-e~1-e-c~t~d-e~f~e-n_s_e__ __ __ a_g_e_n_c~i-e-s~to review their records and identify any studies etc. using various forms of Ba. (U) This information is being documented so that appropriates follow-up interviews can be conducted . oo ~NQ~ORN 11 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012196Anthrax Page 576 of 1446 " FD-302-(Rev. 10?6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 10/03/2005 ~~--~~u~s believes this sample has already been submitted to the FBI anthracis Ames Repository (FBIR) . b7C thinks that the spores contained in the letters have a morphology different from Ba isolated from an infected ?animal. Samples isolated from infected animals often have a medusa~------~~~~~hology, and samples that have been passed in culture will Investigation on ----~~-------- I I 09/21/2005 at Frederick, Maryland by --~~~--------------~--------------------------------------------------- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 0 012197Anthrax Page 577 of 1446 ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~1..-----------ll----------- fl 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of , On 0 9/21/2 0 0 5 , Page ....2- have morphologies that are somewhat asporogenic and lack the medusa-head appearance. ~--~~lstated that IVINS uses henol as a reservative in his spore preparations.-~~~~~~~~~----~ T ere as never een a ermentor Ba Ames as never been fermented at USAMRIID. It would too dangerous to have grown Ba Ames in a fermentor. I I ~~~~~--~===~~~-r======~----~~~~~~--------~1 was in Building! lwhilel !was at USAMRIID. ldoes not believe that--------------~ er in the Bacter1olo~ Division at USAMRIID. S~::tfi , does not believe thatl lwas ever in the and containment suites located in bu1ld1ngl lof USAMR . orl I .------.:L,I____,__..Jidoes but not knc;w tnyo~~ ~rred to as ~~~~=~~----may recogn1ze 1fL_J was shown a p1cture. b6 The photos of the 1.25 mL vial and 50 mL conical tube were placed in the corresponding 1A enveloP.e. This sample is known to the writer to correspond to FBIR sample! I ----------------------------------------------------------------- USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012198Anthrax Page 578 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 10/13/2005 Prior to the interview.! page document! I sent SAl la three (3) I I Th1s document was sent to SA I I by e-ma11 at ~~~------------~------~~land brought to the interview for reference. At the conclusion of the intervie9 ~nitialed D ~ ~ and dated each page of the document and it has been placed in the corresponding 1A envelope. 41 Investigation on ----~~-------- 10 12 2005 m Frederick, Maryland File# by --~~------------------_j----------------------------------------_, It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agen This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012199Anthrax Page 579 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --'--------...1----------- , On 10 I 12/2 005 , Page _ __;;;;;.._ _ I I' Both of these preps were produced us1ng a spore preparation givenl I by BRUCE IVINS.~~~~~~ refers to a Ba Ames spore prep given to her by IVINS in 1987 as !original Ames. When this original Ames spore prep was ~e-x-a~mined all of the Ba colonies appeared uniform and did not exhibit either the second layer of white growth or the individual colonies that were raised, tan in color a~ asporogenic. I I believes that at the same time received Ba Ames from IVINS, !received Ba Vo urn s rain from him as well. I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012200Anthrax Page 580 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) 60324 \..1C - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 10/28/2005 date o~.u~~L-----------~~~~--_, home address~------~--~--------------~~ ..-----....;;.----...._--------'---. home telephone number was ~n erv~ewe at p ace of employment, the Unite~~~a~e~s~~~~ Medical Research Inst~tute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , telephone numberl l After being advised of the identities of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,! !provided the following information: I lbegan working at USAMRIID inl ~----------------------~ I b7F ~-p-r-~~?o-r-~t-o_a_n_d~t~h~r-o_u_g~h~S~e-p~tember d~d not work 2001. ~n any laborator~es ~n ~--~ ?1 Ba Ames from IVINS' collection was normally stored in Building! I suiteD Ames and other agents were, stored in cryoboxes that were not labeled on the outside. Ames was brought to Building! roomc===Jonly on the morning of a day on which it was to be used for an aerosol challenge. Just after the challenge, plates of fast-challenge material were counted. ~ only brought a few supplies to buildi!i9l for the~r work, including media plates, spreaders and gloves. Ames was only in roomr--lon the day of the aerosol challenge. All left over materia~ autoclaved out at the end of the day, including postchallenge mate~ial and leftover Ames that was not used. I I I <-} .--------------. Investigation on File# by ----~~-------- 10/19/2005 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated I I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \"\.:~ I Postal Inspector Postal Inspector 10/21/2005 I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012201Anthrax Page 581 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~ 1 - - - - - , On 10 /19 /2 0 0 5 , Page _.....::2=--- ~--------------------------~ ~----~ldid not recall Ames having been stored in any of the following rooms or suites in Building 1412: 112, 222, 211 and 212. Room 210, the walk-in cooler, did not contain Ames from IVINtdboratory. ~ ~iid not know what room 112 was used for. Room was used f o i j w o r k , where blood and sera were tested for ant~ odies. I I a~ e 211, and did not work in room 212, whi laboratory, until after September 2001. was no aware of Ames having been stored in any of the na ways of building 1412. ? ? c:::J ldid not recall Ames having been stored in Building 1425, suites AA3, AA4 or AA5, or rooms AR105 and AR106. I I had never heard of Ames having been stored in any hallways of Building 1425. Toc::Jknowledge, there were no refrigerators or freezers in the hallways of 1425 Ames was taken out of a containment area, such as suitesl J it was carried dir~to another containment area, such as room Building L___j Ames that was not in a containment area was always in someone's possession. I whe: c:J When growing spores for challenges, IVINS' group used seed stock from the original Ames slant. At one time, material tha-t had been grown from the original slant was sent to Dugway Proving Ground for quick, mass production of spores. There was no real difference between the spores made at USAMRIID and those made at bugwayi Dugway was simply able to produce spores more quickly. There was a lot of work involved in the preparation of spores, including growth in a flask and the use of Renografin. ~ IVINS' group used the material received back from Dugway, as well as Ames they had grown themselves, for aerosol challenges. lknew that the Dugway material was used for aerosol challenges, butc:::J did not specifically remember any one challenge where the Dugway material was used. remembere:c:Jt several rabbit challenges were conducted with Ames. also recalled that challenges were conducted using Vollum and possibly the Sterne strain. I I I !vaguely remembered that Building! suitec==J was decontaminated and closed for renovation, and that it came back up sometime in 2002. did not remember suiter-l ever having been closed for renovat~ons, nor didc::JremembeF-Being involved in the inventory of items in suitec:Jl?: the movement of samples or equipment from suitec==Jto suiteL___J I I c::J IVINS' group, I ~ncluding I stated that other scientists were given Ames from the Dugway material, to use in their own USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012202Anthrax Page 582 of 1446 o ;., 'V FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of jl_____________t - - - - - - , On 10 /19 /2 0 0 5 , Page _ _:3:::.__ Those who rna have been iven Ames from IVINS' grouJ were an~ _. Viro og1s s cou ave us ac er1a sue as Ames to cfiallenge animals for vaccine comparison studies. They probably would have taken Ames back to the virology suites in which they worked, unless it was to be used for aerosol challenges. A virologist who wanted to obtain Ba from the Bacteriology Division would probably be required to go through the Division Chiefs, and there would be paperwork involved. Virologists may have also used other bacteria such as Plague or Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B. the mail1ngs were conducted and c~up D thought r---lstated that the government had done itby the with government. before When askedOopinion of the c a s e , l l stated that Bacillus glo'rrrgr.t. in California. I I also stated that c:::Jknew the FBI was looking at BRUCE IVINS, and that c:J did not believe he had anything to do with the mailings.! lsaid that IVINS would never want to hurt anyone, anCJ Would be surprised if it turned out that he was involved. I f statedc:::Jdid not know if the material from the mailings came from USAMRIID. __________________________________ USAMRIID Section 8.pdf .] I 012203Anthrax Page 583 of 1446 ?;:~? T' 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - \~'L ~ ~-- I Agent . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 The followiny investigation was conducted by Special _.! on 11/8/2005: On 2/22/2005, .BRUCE )i. IVINS sent an email from his United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRIID account to at In the emaill lasks IVINS the. meaning behind his America Online (AOL) screen namr of [email protected]. The following is IVINS' response to_ I During the First Gulf War in 1990-1991, there was a secret army project, called "Project Badger," in which researchers tried to find out i f they could dilute the currently licensed human anthrax vaccine and still have it remain efficacious. The war caught people here off-guard, and we apparently didn't have enough full-strength vaccine for all the troops (400,000+) going over there. Since it was believed that Iraq had anthrax as a biological weapon, it was deem'ed of high importance to make sure that the troops had both vaccines and antibiotics, should the agent be used against them. Years afterward, the project was revealed and discussed in an article in "Vanity Fair." We had a lot of laughs about it, since we in our division had been left in the dark about the whole thing, especially the part about it being named "Project Badger." I was doing a lot of anthrax vaccine research at the time (the late'1990s), and one day our . division chief walked in and said, "I need to talk to King Badger!" The name stuck. So, when I got an AOL account, I tried to get "KingBadger" as my handle, but somebody else already had it. So I settled for "Kingbadger7." If you'd like to read more about the subject, you might check this out: http://www.vaccinea.com/excerpt.html. 1 A review of www.vaccine-a.com/excerpt revealed an excerpt from the book Vaccine-A, written by Gary Matsumoto. The excerpt discusses the potential use an oil based adjuvant known . as squalene to boost the effectiveness of the new anthrax vaccine. Matsumoto writes that oil adjuvants cause autoimmune diseases. The excerpf mentions several past ;nd presert USAMRIID researchers including_ __ _ IVINS and ~ There is no mention of Project Ba ger in the excerpt. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012204Anthrax Page 584 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 2 o The excerpt states that as of the early 1990s, IVINS and the other researchers at USAMRIID had four viable prototypes of a single shot anthrax vaccine ready for clinical trials. The last sentence of the excerpt reads, "All Fort Detrick needed now was the right time and place to test them." This sentence apparently alludes to the Persian Gulf War as the time and the place to test the prototypes. A copy of the excerpt found at the abovementioned website is attached to and made part of this document. A www.google.com search using the terms "badger and anthrax and vanity fair" revealed an article titled, "The Pentagon's Toxic Secret" authored by Gary~atsumoto. The article contends that approximately 150,000 Gulf War soldiers received a then secret vaccination known as "Vaccine A", which was in actuality an anthrax vaccine. Dr. PAMELA ASA. Ph.D. has conducted studies on numerous Gulf War vetera~and she believes that the Gulf War Syndrome is the result of a squalene adjuvant used in Vaccine A. The articles references "Project Badger" as an operation that may have developed a "modified version of its ED.A.-licensed anthrax vaccine." Project Badger was made up of 14 officers from the Army, Navy and Air Force. According to the article, Project Badger's first meeting was on October 9, 1990 at Fort Detrick, Maryland, the site of USAMRIID. The purpose of the meeting was to "surge" the production of vaccines for anthrax and botulinum toxin. According to the article, Project Badger then contracted with Lederle-Praxis Biologicals of Pearl River, New York to produce the additional anthrax vaccine with the help of the National Cancer Institute's Frederick (Maryland) Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI) . Both Lederle and NCI were not licenced to produce the vaccine. According to the article, Lederle and NCI would produce the vaccine and ship it to the only licensed manufacturer of the vaccine, Michigan Biologic Products Institute (MBPI) (purchased later by Bioport, Inc.) who would then bottle, label and store the vaccine. The leader of Project Badger, Army General Ronald Blanck, denies that anybody other than MBPI produced the vaccine. Since the Gulf War, Project Badger has been declassified but there have no documents found that prove that a squalene adjuvant was used in an unapproved vaccine and the Army has denied the claim. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012205Anthrax Page 585 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o A copy of the abovementioned article is attached to and made part of this document. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012206Anthrax Page 586 of 1446 o >> Read the introduction <intro.html> >> Send an e~card <http://www.perseusbookspromos.com/vaccinea/index.html> The Greatest Story Never Told For the past 17 years, the Army has been working on a new anthrax vaccine that contains no anthrax, and is made with an ingredient that it does not want to name. That ingredient is called squalene. Squalene is an oil. Without it, the new vaccine will not work any better than the old one. In fact, for all intents and purposes, without squalene the new vaccine is the old one. What makes squalene so important is its proven ability to stimulate a strong response from the immune system. That is something the main ingredient of the new vaccine, the now ultra~purified protein secreted by the anthrax microbe-recombinant protective antigen-cannot do by itself. It is too weak. Immunologists have a special name for substances used to boost feeble vaccines. They are called adjuvants. Adjuvants are arguably the most extensively researched pharmaceutical product in the last quarter century that you never heard of. I have used the word adjuvant three times in this paragraph so far and that is probably three times more than you have ever seen it in print before. This is partly because the most effective adjuvants, those formulatf;?d with oils, are too dangerous for human use. That is squalene's other proven ability, causing incurable disease, which is why it is such a touchy subject with the Department of Defense. The word adjuvant comes from a Latin word that means "to help." But with oil adjuvants like squalene that term is misleading. Today, only one adjuvant-an aluminum salt called alum-is licensed for human use. All the oil adjuvants are so noxious that their use is restricted to experiments with animals, and even then, governments have written strict regulations to govern how they are used. The classic oil adjuvant, called Freund's Complete Adjuvant, is considered too inhumane to even inject into animals. It does a terrific job of stimulating the immune system, though. Unfortunately, Freund's Complete Adjuvant can cause permanent organ damage and incurable disease. As early as the 1930s, these oil additives were notorious for inducing illness. By the 1950s, scientists knew these illnesses were specifically autoimmune. Today that is their chief use in research-inducing disease instead of preventing it. Scientists studying autoimmune disease cannot wait around for its spontaneous appearance in a lab animal; they inject it with Freund's Complete Adjuvant to reproduce autoimmunity on demand. Oil adjuvants made with squalene equally effective at this job, and regrettably according to Dutch scientists, equally inhumane. , , Autoimmune diseases are chronic and progressively debilitating ailments; some, like USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012207Anthrax Page 587 of 1446 o o . -2- multiple sclerosis and lupus, can be fatal. They occur when the immune system loses its ability to distinguish what is "self' from what is foreign. Under normal circumstances, your immune system ignores the constituents of your own body; immunologists call this "tolerance." But if tolerance is broken, the immune system turns relentlessly selfdestructive, attacking the body it is supposed to defend. . Adjuvants can break tolerance. In 1956, Dr. Jules Freund, the Hungarian born scientist who gave his name to the adjuvant he created, warned that animals injected with Freund's developed terrible conditions: allergic aspermatogenesis (stoppage of sperm production), experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (the animal version of multiple sclerosis) and allergic neuritis (inflammation of nerves that can lead to paralysis), allergic uveitis (an inflammation in the eye that can cause blindness). There was. no reversing any of these conditions. Scientists are still unsure why oil adjuvants do this. One theory is that oils have the ability to hyperactivate the immune system. "The cause is probably that when injecting these molecules, you create a chaos in the immune system," says Dr. Johnny C. Lorentzen, and immunologist with the Karolinska Institute, which awards the annual Nobel Prize for Medicine. He says these oils induce "an extremely powerful response," so powerful, in fact, that the immune system goes haywire and starts attacking things it would otherwise leave alone. Another possibility, which has not been explored very much, is that this harmful phenomenon actually has something to do with one of the greatest distinguishing characteristics of the immune system-its specificity. Over eons in time, this extraordinarily elegant and powerful system has evolv~d to respond very precisely to what it deems potentially harmful to the body. Our bodies contain all sorts of oily molecules. It could be that when an oil is injected, the immune system actually responds to it with a high degree of precision -just as it responds to everything else - but because the adjuvant resembles too closely those oils found in the body, the immune system begins attacking those too. In immunology this is called a "cross reaction." Neither proposition- chaos or specificity- has been proven so far. But however oils do their damage, it is well known that they do. Army scientists have been as aware as anyone else of the harm that injecting oils can do. The problem for military personnel is that these scientists learned this lesson by injecting oils into troops in experiments that in some cases they did not agree to participate in. The central question in this book is whether such an experiment has been done again with the new anthrax vaccine and squalene. Round One Despite their dangers, oil adjuvants have come to exert an irresistible, almost magical allure on researchers. If they could truly stimulate the immune system safely, oil additives could help defend mankind from diseases like malaria and HIV .. For germs such as these, no one dared make a classic vaccine - the kind made from the germ itself- for fear of accidentally infecting someone with an incurable, if not fatal infection. By splicing off just little bit of such a germ - not enough to make anyone sick - and combining that shard with an adjuvant, scientists hoped to protect people from lethal microbes. If they could do it for HIV, they reasoned, they could do it for any germ in creation. This siren song was USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012208Anthrax Page 588 of 1446 o o -3- so powerful that it did more than induce researchers to indulge in cynical risk/benefit calculations; in some cases, it made them forget the risks altogether. The first time Army scientists succumbed to this allure was in 1951 at Fort Dix, New Jersey in an experiment that involved 44,459 troops. More than 18,000 of them got injected without their informed consent with a newly formulated oil additive for vaccines. The Army thought it had something new and safe. The world's best additive that no one dared inject into humans, Freund's Complete Adjuvant, was more than just mineral oil. It also contained Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the germ that caused TB. The mycobacteria were dead, but scientists thought they still might be in some way responsible for the problems associated with this concoction. So they removed the mycobacteria in hopes that the oil alone could do the trick; they called this new adjuvant "Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant." The incomplete adjuvant was just mineral oil in water, and a detergent to keep the oil evenly dispersed. Using it was a risky thing to do, but the Army considered the. risks of not running this experiment even higher. This "incomplete" additive had been incorporated into an experimental flu vaccine. It was the flu that really worried the Army. By all accounts, the great Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918 wasn't really Spanish at all. It was American. In fact, it was an Army flu. The first victim, the "index patient," was an Army private named Albert Gitchell who worked as a cook at the Army's Camp Funston on the vast Fort Riley military reservation in Kansas. It is believed that U.S. troops heading to Europe brought this flu with them. Before it was over, more than 20 people had died of influenza around the world-the deadliest natural disaster in world history. Army scientists wanted to prevent another global killer from emerging from an Army post where new recruits might become an unintended hatchery for some vicious new flu strain that once again could wipe out millions of people. Trying out a new oil additive on troops seemed like a relatively modest risk in comparison to the benefits of a better flu vaccine. The Fort Dix experiment took place with the blessing of Fort Detrick. It was funded by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC), which would later oversee the development of the new anthrax vaccine and newer oil additives . too. The Armed Forces Epidemiological Board (AFEB), which would be sponsor a large number of the experiments conducted on military personnel, would later recommend the injecting an experimental flu vaccine containing oil into every man and woman in the U.S. military without their informed consent. The risk of an outbreak of killer flu seemed too great to do otherwise. To run this experiment, the Army would contract none other than Jonas Salk. Salk had already tested Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant on medical students at the University of Pittsburgh under the sponsorship of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, and with funding from the Army Surgeon General. Based on this study, Salk thought it was safe. Over the next two decades, the entire U.S. public health establishment- civilian and military- kept watch on what happened to the troops from Fort Dix. Everyone wanted in on the act. USAMRDC funded this study and its follow-ups. The National Academy of Sciences, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) did the initial round of surveys. Then the list started to grow. The National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council organized more studies at the request of the Veteran's Administration, the Army and the U.S. Public USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012209Anthrax Page 589 of 1446 o o -4- Health Service "in collaboration with the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board." At the 17-year mark, academia got involved too. An AFEB scientist on the faculty of the University of Michigan School of Public Health organized yet another follow-up. No one, it seemed, wanted to be left out of such an important experiment. And the experiment that seemingly had no end. Twenty-one years after Salk first injected unsuspecting soldiers with a theoretically new and improved flu vaccine, the Fort Dix troops were under the microscope yet again. The list of sponsors included many of America's most respected public health institutions: the National Academy of SciencesNational Research Council, the American Cancer Society, the Veterans Administration, the Department of Defense, the U.S. Public Health Service and the Commission on Influenza of the Armed forces Epidemiological Board. USAMRDC bankrolled this study, just as it did the first one. What was remarkable about this 21-year project- involving the military, civilian public health authorities and a major university - is that at no time during its execution did any of the scientists involved publicly discuss whether it was ethical to run a medical experiment on people without telling them. If these doctors had any concerns, they did not publish them. Long before the last study was completed, AFEB proposed the adoption of an experimental flu vaccine with oil for everyone in the military. In 1963 and 1964, AFEB recommended injecting every man and woman in the armed forces with the new vaccine. The board also recommended that Department of Defense also commence studies with oil added to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, and polio vaccines. , Army doctors seemed determined to add oil to every vaccine they could. Here is what they were not telling anybody. By 1964, the year when everyone in the military was supposed to get immunized with an oil-boosted influenza vaccine, the Army already knew the risks this vaccine presented for a very specific type of illness. AFEB's Colonel Abram S. Benenson had drawn up a list of diseases that investigators should watch out for in veterans injected with the oily flu vaccine at Fort Dix. Benenson's list read like the contents of a chapter on autoimmune disease in an immunology textbook. It included multiple sclerosis, myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, uveitis, neurodermatitis circumscripta and disseminata, amyloidosis, lupus erythematosus, dematomyositis, scleroderma, chronic pericarditis, Raynaud's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid myositis and acute glomerulonephritis-all of them autoimmune diseases. The final study on the Fort Dix troopers had data that none of the previous ones had: autopsy results. The soldiers had grown older and many of'them had died. Epidemiologists, mainly working for the National Research Council and the American Cancer Society, reported a "significant excess of deaths" in soldiers given the oil-boosted vaccine, which the investigators related to "ill-defined vascular lesions of the central nervous system." They attributed this fact to the greater number of autopsies available for the soldiers given the oil-boosted vaccine. But there were hints of a problem with autoimmunity. Ten percent of the soldiers studied, who were injected with the oil-boosted vaccine, developed a "collagen disease," which is a term doctors used to use interchangeably with autoimmune disease. Still, the number of patients in this study was too low to extrapolate any reliable conclusions from the data. That did not prevent government and military doctors from doing just that. They concluded that the oily flu USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012210Anthrax Page 590 of 1446 o The Emperor's New Clothes o -5- vaccine was safe. Nevertheless, what the government then did not do was telling. The FDA never licensed the vaccine, or the oil adjuvant, for human use. The Fort Dix experiment was the first time Army doctors and scientists injected an oilboosted vaccine into U.S. troops without informed consent; there is now clinical evidence that it was far from the last. For more than a half century, factions in military medicine and in the U.S. public health establishment have actively campaigned to get an oily vaccine additive licensed, seemingly at any cost. When scientists at Fort Detrick, following Joe Jeroski's 1992 talk, reviewed the existing literature on the Wright vaccine, it didn't look good. Even with 6 shots, the vaccine did not protect very well. Guinea pigs vaccinated with the licensed human vaccine died when exposed to certain strains of anthrax. In 1986 the bad news got worse. In discovering that the licensed vaccine protected against the Army's old weapons strain, Vollum - from which the vaccine had been derived - Stephen Little and Gregory Knudson also discovered 8 more-anthrax strains for which the PA vaccine did not work. Among them was the now notorious Ames strain that was mailed in 2001 anthrax letter attacks. Like the Army's previous research, the data confirmed that a live spore vaccine provided better protection against more strains. "The fact that the spore vaccine provided protection against all isolates tested suggests that other antigens may play a role in active immunity," they concluded. Which would argue for a live anthrax vaccine, but Fort Detrick's scientists expressed an age old concern about problem with living vaccines that could be traced all the way back to Pasteur: "Since this vaccine is a live immunogen," they warned, "safety factors must be considered before its use." Little and Knudson did not rule out the possibility of resorting to a live spore vaccine, but that is not what they then chose to pursue. When they, along with Fort Detrick scientists Bruce Ivins and Sue Welkos, began working on a new anthrax vaccine, they chose a design that was all the rage at the NIH-subunit plus adjuvant. "Subunit" refers to small fragments of a germ. For safety, NIH scientists were using subunits of lethal viruses like HIV to be the chief component of their new generation of genetically engineered vaccines. These ultra-pure vaccines, which reduced an immunization to mere molecules from a microbe, were safe, but at a price. They were weak. In some cases, they afforded no detectable level of protection at all. This is why the NIH wanted an adjuvant more robust than alum for its new vaccines. The subunit that Little, Knudson, Ivins and Welkos chose for the Army's new anthrax vaccine was a little surprising. It was protective antigen-the same main ingredient in the vaccine they were trying to replace. Although all the data from both U.S. and British military experiments from the 60's forward indicated that more components of the anthrax microbe needed to be in any effective anthrax vaccine-a fact that even Little and Knudson acknowledge in their 1986 paper-Fort Detrick's newest generation of anthrax investigators did just the opposite. In fact, they did one better. With recombinant DNA technology, their new vaccine would eliminate every extra molecule of anthrax unrelated to protective antigen. It would be purest PA formulation ever made, and would hence be the weakest anthrax vaccine ever made. Remember, in immunology, purity equals USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012211Anthrax Page 591 of 1446 o weakness. o -6- Yet when Fort Detrick's scientists traveled to England in 1989 to report on their new vaccine to the International Workshop on Anthrax, they had some startling results to announce: Fort Detrick had found what everyone had been looking for: a single-shot anthrax vaccine. In guinea pigs, the new anthrax vaccine produced complete protection against the Ames strain with just one dose. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012212Anthrax Page 592 of 1446 o o -7- If this was completely at odds with everything Army scientists had found over the previous three decades, it was because the Fort Detrick team had added something new to the formula. It was a kind of trick, though not in the sense of something fraudulent or deceptive. The Army's scientists made no effort to conceal what they did. Quite the contrary, they reported this trick in great detail. It was an old trick. In the 80s, scientists at Nlli had been promoting the use of oils in vaccines again. By now, there was a new crop of oily vaccine boosters hot off the lab bench. It was the oil emulsions that helped transform the Army's hapless protective antigen formula into a potent single-shot vaccine. Dr. Bruce Ivins informed the workshop gathering in old cathedral city of Winchester that he had added three different adjuvants to his one-shot wonders. One was called "TriMix," another "DeTox," and a third was "SAF-1," which stood for Syntex Adjuvant Formula I. They were all made with bacterial scraps from truly noxious microbes like Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacteria tuberculosis. The British scientists from Porton Down tried a different tack-adding a preparation to the British anthrax vaccine made from the whooping cough germ, Bordetella pertussis. At Winchester, the Porton contingent called their approach "microbial supplementation." All of these adjuvants relied oil bacteria, or portions of them, to stimulate the immune system. The three additives used by Fort Detrick, however, differed from Porton Down's in one very significant way. The Fort Detrick additives were all emulsified in oil. The oils were only supposed to be "vehicles" that conveyed the bits of bacteria through the bloodstream. SAF-I, which provided less protection than the other two, contained the oil squalane. The two adjuvants that helped provide complete protection from Ames in guinea pigs, TriMix and DeTox, were emulsified in squalene. At the time, no one at Fort Detrick or the Nlli seems to have been aware that these oils were themselves immunostimulants. Having invested decades into refining protective antigen to a singular purity, Ivins et al. were essentially polluting this new ultra-pure vaccine with extraneous antigens to make it work. That is what an adjuvant was-extra antigenic material for a vaccine that had. been purified to such an extent that it could no longer do the job it was designed to do. Perhaps it was the importance of their apparent breakthrough that blinded these scientists to what they had done. Whatever it was, it prevented them from seeing the absurdity of their new creation, or its risks. A fully intact microbe presents dozens of different chemical binding sites an antibody can latch onto. Each of these sites is a separate target fqr a multi-front attack by the immune system. In pursuit of purity, Army scientists had removed all of the targets of anthrax germ but one. Now they had a dubious product that they were determined to improve, and they did it by adding targets from germs other than B. anthracis. Instead of adding more antigenic material from the anthrax microbe- as Lincoln had suggested in the 60s and as Turnbull and Melling had done in the 80s-the' Fort Detrick team incorporated pieces of completely different germs. This was Rube Goldberg immunology. The Army's vaccine whiz kids had devised the most convoluted, expensive and time-consuming way conceivable to make a virtually identical product-protective antigen-and then added material that essentially diverted USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012213Anthrax Page 593 of 1446 o Round Two o -8- the immune system's attention away to antigens unrelated to anthrax. Fort Detrick's new, souped-up single protein vaccine, like the old one, did nothing to induce an immune response to the organism itself, which could still feed, secrete toxins and multiply inside a vaccinated host. There was also one more flaw in this design: oils are potentially toxic, and the Fort Detrick team knew it. In Bruce Ivins' frequently cited paper on the Army's pursuit of an improved human anthrax vaccine, he noted that oil adjuvants "can provoke toxic, allergic, ulcerative, or lethal reactions." This should have prevented him from committing Fort Detrick to an oil-boosted anthrax vaccine in the first place, but for reasons that Ivins has never publicly disclosed, it did not deter him. Neither he nor anyone else who worked on this vaccine at Fort Detrick has published an explanation for why they did this. Anyone even remotely familiar with oil additives for vaccines could have told you that they were a big problem. For reasons science has yet to fully explain, oils and other fatty substances found in the body, like cholesterol and phosopholipids, are potent stimulants to the immune system. Try as they might, scientists trying to harness this property have yet to come up with an oil adjuvant safe enough to use in humans. Since the 1930's, the gold standard has been the aforementioned Freund's Complete Adjuvant-an elixir banned from human use because of its toxicity. When Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant, a vaccine additive made chiefly from mineral oil, proved too risky as well, scientists tried changing the oil. In the early 1970s, scientists at UCLA Medical C?nter, including one of the most respected rheumatologists in the country at the time, Carl M. Pearson, started looking for a less toxic alternative to Freund's. They ran a series of experiments with a variety of edible oils on the assumption that because they were "metabolizable" the body could process them safely. In other words, if you could ingest them, you could inject them. Intuitively, this premise seems somewhat dubious: your body could metabolize a cheeseburger, for instance, but you couldn't liquefy it in a blender and inject the resulting slurry, and then expect to feel well in the morning. Pearson's associates, Michael Whitehouse and Frances W. Beck, injected more than dozen of these metabolizable oils into rats, including castor oil, coconut oil, olive oil, sesame seed oil, cottonseed oil, com oil, wheat germ oil, safflower oil, cod liver oil, oleomargarine, and the commercial lubricating oil, silicone. When these were mixed with heat-killed Mycobacteria tuberculosis, the UCLA group got results it didn't expect. All of the oils were toxic; they all induced arthritis in rats with varying degrees of severity. The data changed Whitehouse's views on the safety of metabolizable oils. "To summarize very simply, I think most oils are dangerous," he now says. Based on their ability to cause arthritis, the researchers assigned the oils "arthritis scores," ranging from(+), which was moderately toxic, to (++++), which was guaranteed to cripple. Of all the metabolizable oils tested by Pearson's group, two were better than all the others at causing arthritis: squalene and squalane, the same emulsifying oils that Bruce Ivins used in his single shot anthrax vaccines. Squalene and squalane scored(+++) and(++++) respectively. Between these two oils, squalene is the one you could definitely eat. Olive oil contains squalene; in theory, you USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012214Anthrax Page 594 of 1446 o e Risk v. Benefit o -9- could drizzle it onto a salad along with a little vinegar and have no worries. Your body would metabolize it along with the arugula and endive without as much as a hiccup. Injecting squalene, though, was another story. To make sure it was the oils that did the damage, Beck, Whitehouse and Pearson tried injecting rats with squalene and squalane without mycobacteria in the formula. Rats injected with either squalene or squalane all developed experimental allergic encephalomyelitis-the same MS-like disease caused by Freund's. The injected animals were left hobbled, dragging their paralyzed hindquarters through the wood chips in their cages. , The UCLA team had found what it was looking for: oils that induced autoimmune disease, but with less inflammation. Between the two of them, squalene was less desirable for UCLA's purposes. "Squalene was more arthritogenic," Beck recalls, "but it also produc~d a greater inflammation." Given these oils proven ability to induce autoimmune disease, the Army's decision to put either of them in its second generation anthrax vaccine only makes sense when you put it in the context of the times, and in this case, a specific location. When he cancelled America's offensive biological warfare program, President Nixon also freed up some building for a more popular research effort. Arriving by helicopter at Fort Detrick's Blue and Grey Field in October 1971, President Nixon personally announced the creation of the Frederick Cancer Research Facility of the National Cancer fustitute (NCI). Nixon had Fort Detrick allocate about 68 acres and 70 of its buildings as anew research campus for NCI. It was a fateful decision that would have consequences that even a president as forward-thinking as Nixon could not have foreseen. It would set in motion a series of decisions that would lead, almost inevitably, to the use of a substance that would endanger the health of hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops. It is unclear how squalene first came to the attention of Army scientists at Fort Detrick, but one possibility is through the National Cancer Institute, now on its doorstep. Eliyahu Yarkoni and Herbert Rapp ofNCI published a paper in 1979 that stirred national and international interest in the alleged therapeutic benefits of squalene and squalane. When combined with fragments of a particular bacterium, squalene and squalane had an astonishing effect. Yarkoni and Rapp reported complete tumor regression in mice injected with squalane, and nearly complete regression (92%) in mice injected with squalerze. When they injected these oils directly into mouse tumors, the tumors either shrank or disappeared completely. The more oil in the mixture, the better it worked. Based on these early experiments, oils looked like they might hold the keys to the kingdom-a cure for cancer. There was, however, a hitch. Yarkoni and Rapp knew about the UCLA data; citing the Beck and Whitehouse paper, Yarkoni and Rapp reported that squalene and squalane both caused autoimmune disease in rats-a fact that you will not find mentioned in any Army paper concerning Fort Detrick's work with squalene emulsions in the new anthrax vaccine. Even Yarkoni and Rapp barely mentioned the problem with squalene and squalane; it was limited to a single sentence at the end of their short paper. Although causing debilitating and ultimately fatal neurological damage in animals was a big downside, their concern, after all, was cancer. Several more factors emerged in the 1980s that would affect the direction of the Army's USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012215Anthrax Page 595 of 1446 o o -10- anthrax vaccine research. The first was ffiV. After the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus in 1984, the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the National Institutes of Health would devote billions to develop a vaccine. That year, the Centers for Disease Control reported 7,699 AIDS cases with 3,665 dead. By 1988, the number of diagnosed U.S. cases was 82,764 with 46,344 dead. That was a jump of more than 1000% in just 4 years. Mortality was 100%; for someone with AIDS, drugs could prolong life but not save it. Public health officials doing the math were horrified. No one dared make a whole virus vaccine, living or dead, from a germ like ffiV. Vaccine researchers embraced gene-splicing as their only alternative-inserting ffiV genes into non-lethal organisms like vaccinia. But the results were disappointing: these microbial hybrids barely elicited an immune response. That's why a new adjuvant was essential to NIH. Because ofYarkoni and Rapp's work, squalene and squalane emulsions had by then established themselves as Nlli's adjuvants of choice. ffiV was threatening to become the great plague of the 20th century, worse even than the flu pandemic of 1918 that claimed more than 20 million lives. It was the public health cause ceU~bre of the 1980s. Rock Hudson had it; so did Liberace. When an Indiana school banned 14 year-old Ryan White from classes because he had HIV, Elton John and Michael Jackson became his friends and offered their support. Vice-President George Bush called for mandatory ffiV testing. No other disease made as many headlines or pushed as many political buttons. For NIH, that translated into wide open government coffers. For researchers, it offered a shot at immortality. Any scientist who found a way to stop this new global scourge could reserve a seat in Stockholm for a Nobel Prize ceremony. A successful recombinant ffiV vaccine would be just a start. The goal was to roll back all infectious diseases through immunization . if that were possible. But it wasn't going to happen. without a more powerful vaccine booster. The FDA, stung by criticism from dying AIDS patients who wanted access to new drugs that could keep them alive even a few months longer, started to "fast-track" drugs through its licensing labyrinth, including experimental vaccines containing squalene. This was not without risks. The problem with the fast track was knowing when someone was playing it fast and loose. Even NATO got on this bandwagon by sponsoring a conference in? Cape Sounion, Greece, on vaccine adjuvants in the summer of 1988. The search for a new adjuvant was now a matter of national security. The U.S. Army sent a contingent from its Walter Reed Army Institute of Research led by Dr. Carl R. Alving, a proponent of vaccine boosters emulsified in squalene, in addition to his own favorite: liposomes. Liposomes are microscopic vesicles containing vaccine antigens. Think bath oil beads. Encapsulating bath oil in soluble beads makes it possible to transport measured doses of oil from the drug store where you bought them to where you ultimately want to put them-in your bathtub. Alving's liposomes were made from cholesterol, another oily substance closely related to squalene. The Soviets Again If anyone in the military had been inclined to ask questions about squalene's toxicity in the late 1980's, something else happened around tha~. then that might have diverted them. In October 1989, a high-ranking Soviet biological weapons scientist defected to the West-the first one to do so. This was an extraordinary intelligence coup. At the USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012216Anthrax Page 596 of 1446 o o -11- invitation of a French phannaceutical equipment maker, Dr. Vladimir Pasechnik of the Leningrad Institute of Ultra-Pure Biopreparations went to Paris for a conference and never went home. He left his family behind in Russia and wound up in Britain. One of the scientists who debriefed Pasechnik for the British was Jack Melling. "Pasechnik chose Britain," says Melling, "because he thought the U.S. still had an active biological warfare program and he didn't want anything more to do with making weapons. He didn't think the same of Britain." According to Melling, what Pasechnik told Britain's MI-6 raised even more alann about the U.S. and British chemical anthrax vaccines. Pasechnik said .that Moscow had created antibiotic-resistant super-strains of anthrax, plague and tularemia. Although Pasechnik's British handlers couldn't verify this, it sounded plausible enough to them; in part because making germs antibiotic-resistant was relatively easy to do, and in part because the Soviets had published several papers in the 1980's disclosing that they had developed a veterinary vaccine that immunized against all three of these microbes. Intelligence analysts had been asking themselves why Soviet livestock would need to be vaccinated against plague, tularemia and anthrax-the three agents regarded by bioweapons specialists as the most likely 'ones to be used in a biological warfare attack. They could not come up with a good answer. Back in Maryland, Fort Detrick now had at least four viable prototypes of a single shot vaccine that they thought was safe. All were made from the protective antigen protein or pieces of it. Three others were recombinant vaccines; Fort Detrick had cloned the protective antigen gene into Bacillus subtilis, baculovirus and vaccinia. All of these prototypes were formulated with squalene or squalane. The ones showing the most promise were the protective antigen vaccines combined with these oils. According to Ivins and his Fort Detrick colleagues, just one dose of these new vaccines gave protection equivalent to three doses of the licensed U.S. vaccine. and the new vaccines were ready for clinical trials. All Fort Detrick needed now was the right time and place to test them. 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USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012218Anthrax Page 598 of 1446 ... THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~RET-Vanity Fair Article o Page 1 oflO THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC SECRET BY GARY MATSUMOTO Thousands of American veterans suffer from debilitating Gulf War-related illnesses. But the origins have remained a mystery. A crusading molecular biologist and internal military documents now suggest a shocking scenario: the Pentagon's possible use on its own soldiers of an illicit and secret anthrax vaccine. Veterinarian Dr. Herbert Smith negotiates the nine paces across his porch to the driveway ofhis house as though he were on a high wire, adjusting each deliberate step, shifting his weight from a walking cane in his left hand to another in his right Smith lives in Ijamsville, Maryland. a subdivision no-man's-land of two- acre lots and empty vistas where the surbs of Washington, D.C., comingle with those ofBaltimore. He wears black leather wrist pads Velcro'd from palm to forearm and a pair of ragged government issue elbow pads to protect himself from the falls he frequently experiences. "I'm subject to what's called neurapraxia damage to the nerves," explains Smith. "Like with diabetics, who then wind up with amputations. I'm trying to avoid that." On reaching the driveway, he straightens up to shake my hand. You can still see the outlines of the elite athlete he once was. Dr. Smith, 59 years old, is also Colonel Smith, Green Beret His subordinates nicknamed him "Super Trooper." in deference to his gung-ho attitude and his once Olympian physique. When he entered airborne school at Fort Benning in Aprill966 he set out to be No. 1 in a class of 687 by baiting his drill instructors to drive him harder than the others. "So, they targeted me. I must've done a thousand push-ups a day. But I knew it was all a game. I never got mad, never lost my cooL There were a couple of navy SEALs there. They were pretty tough guys. But they weren't as tough as me." Untill99l, Smith ran PT (physical training) programs; the ones back in the 80s were notoriously grueling, earning him a nickname: "Dr. Death." He smiles at this but is unapologetic. "I wore em into the ground. Ina fun way, not in a brutal way." Today, a thick purple welt juts from Smith's forehead an angry bulge from hairline to brow. Even on perfectly flat ground, he falls a lot. The symptoms first appeared in January 1991, the same month, Smith says, that he got his first shot of something that does not appear on his immunization card or in his records-a mysterious vaccine, described to him only as "Vac A." He was then in Saudi Arabia training Kuwaiti medical personnel in disaster relief. Sometimes the pain was so bad in his right hand he couldn't hold a fork at meals. The next time it would be his left hand, never both hands at the same time. By May his joints ached and his lymph nodes were swollen, and he had a fever and a red rash on his chest and legs. He was constantly fatigued. It hurt to walk. It hurt to brush his teeth. After the invasion he wanted to stay on to help the Kuwaitis rebuild, but the symptoms were getting worse, and he had no idea what was wrong. He knew he needed treatment back in the States. Just before he got on a transport heading home, one of his medical officers, who had seen similar symptoms in other soldiers, came up to him and said, "When you get home, check out the vaccines. I think you've got a problem with them." Smith had received vaccinations for hepatitis and tetanus, and a second shot ofVac A, which was entered into his records on February 14, 1991. ' Back at Fort Meade, Smith was given a desk job while the military doctors investigated his condition without success. In October 1991 he left active duty, but continued to see physicians at the Waiter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C. He didn't regard the problem as serious until the seizures started. Not grand mal, fall-on-the-floor, foam-at-the-mouth seizures, but complex partial ones, in which be appeared to be functioningnonnally but was actually on autopilot, without awareness of what he was doirlg. http://www.idir.netf.-?krogers/vantyfair.html 1118/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012219Anthrax Page 599 of 1446 o THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~T-Vanity Fair Article l; \(A "I skipped periods of time," he explains. "I was in a car driving towards Baltimore on I-70, and the next thing I know, I'm outside ofWashington, D.C., on I-95, and I've got no clue how I got there." One night, his worst, Smith became completely disoriented. "I had blacked out for an hour, hour and a half. I had to call my wife on the phone to find my way home. I was probably 25 miles away. I was an emotional mess because by then I had to admit to myself that something was wrong with me." By this time Smith was seeing Dr. Michael Roy, an internist at Waiter Reed. Roy diagnosed Smith's condition as "somatization disorder," a psychosomatic illness in which a patient becomes so obsessed with an imaginary disease that he begins to exhibit its symptoms. Smith was not the only Gulf War veteran experiencing mysterious symptoms. In late 1991 and early 1992, some from a reserve unit at Indiana's Fort Benjamin Harrison reported sick with a constellation of symptoms that have since been associated with Gulf War syndrome: joint pain, headaches, fatigue, memory loss, and rashes. Reservists in Georgia and Alabama made similar complaints. Military doctors mostly dismissed the symptoms as psychosomatic or stress-related. As the number of people affected began to grow, several government studies were commissioned, including those ofthe Presidential Advisory Committee on GulfWarVeterans' illnesses, the Institute of Medicine, and the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. By 1996 all of them had concluded that there was no single disease that could account for all the different symptoms associated with Gulf War syndrome. The Department ofDefense has examined at least 20 possible health hazards, including pyridostigmine bromide (PB.) pills taken by the Gulf War troops to help protect against chemical warfare, the insect repellent DEBT and various pesticides used by the soldiers, and Kuwaiti oil-fire smoke. A frequently repeated theory, still unproven, blames the syndrome on low-dose exposures to chemicalweapons fallout. About 40,000 veterans have registered with the Department of Defense's Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program (C.C.E.P.) for Gulf War illnesses; another 70,000 or so are tallied by the VA. A C.C.E.P. spokesperson says the numbers do not overlap; i.e., the total number of 110,000 to 115,000 is accurate. Of these, 18,000 are undiagnosed, and are merely being treated for their symptoms. To date, the federal government has sponsored 140 or so related research programs, exploring everything from microwaves to biological weapons, which have been funded at a cost to the taxpayer of more than $130 million. Colonel Smith is one of the highest-ranking officers on full disability for Gulf War syndrome. He believes he might have never known the nature of his illness had it not been for the efforts ofDr. Pamela Asa, a Ph.D. molecular biologist who for the past five years has waged a one-woman battle with the Pentagon over the diagnosis of GulfWar syndrome and its cause. She has conducted her own research without a penny from the government or any other benefactor. Because of Asa's work, Colonel Smith has become more than a poster boy for a public-health disaster. Asa believes that in Smith's blood there is evidence that may hold the answer to why so many veterans of the Gulf War are sick. Vanity Fair has uncovered military documents that show the Department ofDefense made plans to run a clandestine trial of experimental vaccines and medical products during Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Military physicians called this effort "the Manhattan Project." While many of these vaccines were never used, Vanity Fair has found evidence suggesting that the Pentagon may have developed a modified version of its ED.A.-licensed anthrax vaccine during an operation called "Project Badger." If Pam Asa is right, an experimental substance that causes incurable diseases ill lab animals was mixed into an unknown number of doses-in essence creating a new, untested anthrax vaccine. The actual administration of such a vaccine would have violated the 10-point Nuremberg Code, which in 1947 established the conditions for experiments on human beings -the cardinal point being informed consent Speaking for the Pentagon, Dr. Ronald R. Blanck, a three-star general in the army's medical command, denies that any of this took place. "Absolutely not,' he says. "I will tell you Bat out it wasn't done." There are echoes of the antebellum South in Pam Ass's accent, in the way she can stretch three syllables out of a word like "hey." Her speech is a genteel drawl, evoking images ofhoopskirts, silk fans, and magnolia blossoms. Asa, 46 years old and the mother of four, lives in Memphis, Tennessee. "American by birth, southern by the grace of God," she likes to say, especially in the presence ofYankees. During the Civil War, Union cavalrymen arrested her great-great-grandfatherthe Reverend John Murray Robertson for refusing to pray for Abraham Lincoln, and then turned his church, Huntsville, Alabama's Episcopal Church of the Nativity, into a horse stable. But though Asa is fond of making jokes about "the War of Northern Aggression," she is no regional chauvinist. Members ofher family have fought in just about every American conflict, from the Revolutionary War up through Vietnam. Francis Scott Key, who wrote the words to the national anthem, is o Page 2 of10 http://www.idir.net/~krogers/vantyfair.h1ml 11/8/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012220Anthrax Page 600 of 1446 . . THE PENTAGON's TOXIC sEwT-Vanity Fair Article 1 "' ' l...j one of her ancestors. Her father retired from the Marine Corps as a captain in the early 1960s, then worked as a qualitycontrol director for NASA)s Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville. Asa's reverence for the military borders on idolatry. "My father taught me ever since I can remember to have respect for anyone who serves in the military, because they protect us. They're willing to take bullets for us." It was patriotism that motivated Asato approach the Pentagon in 1994 about vaccines administered to the troops for Operation Desert Storm. By then, the symptoms related to Gulf War syndrome had been widely publicized. They were vague enough to point to anything from a stroke to allergies to mere tension. "But when these particular symptoms are taken together," Asa says, "they point to autoimmune disease"- when a person's immune system goes haywire and attacks his or her own body. Mostly, doctors don't know what causes autoimmune disease. Many victims develop it from unknown causes. Since 1984, Asa had been working with her husband, Kevin an MD. certified in both internal medicine and rheumatology to treat a group of women with such autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. After a series of landmark legal cases in the early 1990s which alleged a relationship between silicone breast implants and autoimmune disease (the lawsuits put the main manufacturer, Dow Coming, into bankruptcy), a large number of the Asas' patients revealed that they had received breast implants. Pam Asa became convinced that silicone had induced diseases such as scleroderma and lupus in her patients-a conclusion that embroiled her in one of the most contentious public-health disputes of the 90s. It is a view that has propelled her into what promises to be an even more bellicose scrap. Asa suspected that the autoimmune illnesses showing up in GulfWartroops were also induced by a toxic substance. For one thing, the gender breakdown of the victims was suspicious. Women develop autoimmune diseases far more often than men do. With lupus the ratio of female to male sufferers can be as great as 14 to 1. But among Gulf War veterans the victims were overwhelmingly male (an anomaly only partially explained by the Fact that women made up a mere 6.8 percent of the U.S. force serving there). Another startling fact pointed to the vaccination program. Many of Asa's Gulf War-syndrome patients had never deployed to the Persian Gulf. They had never been exposed to petroleum fires, chemical-weapons fallout, pesticides, or the other suspected causes of Gulf War syndrome. But, she says, they did have one thing in common with the troops who were in theater: they had rolled up their sleeves and gotten their shots. For Asa, all of this pointed to an adjuvant. Adjuvants are toxic substances which make vaccines more effective by stimulating an even stronger response from the immune system than a virus or bacterium might on its own. In the course of investigating the possible connection between her earlier patients' breast implants and their illnesses, Asa says she came across a confidential Dow Coming document showing that the company had conducted research with silicone as a vaccine adjuvant in 1974. The term "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adjuvare, "to aid." Hut the quest for a safe, effective adjuvant has been like the medieval chemist's quest to tum lead into gold Adjuvants work because they are toxic, .generally too toxic. Eighty years of research has produced a grand total of one that is considered safe for human use: a salt called aluminum hydroxide, also known as alum. Other adjuvants have been rejected as too dangerous; in tests on animals, adjuvants have been used over and over again to induce autoimmune disease. At first, Asa suspected sabotage. "If the vaccine manufacturers were overseas, their loyalties could lie elsewhere or be bought for the right price." If an enemy wanted to undermine our fighting forces undetected, she says, this would be one way to do it. "I can't think of a more effective and insidious way to reduce the effectiveness of a military force going into combat. This disease process affects people's minds. Patients suffer mood swings, blackouts, and cognitive disorders where a person loses the ability to read or understand language or remember directions. This is not what you want to see happening to people who handle guns, bullets, and bombs." Asa contends this "process" can develop into Full-blown, debilitating, and sometimes fatal autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. In June 1994, Asa phoned Colonel John Dertzbaugh of the Pentagon's Defense Science Board with her theory. Dertzbaugh, o Page 3 oflO said it made a lot of sense, and promised to check it out. But the Science Board had just completed a report concluding that there was "no persuasive evidence" of Gulf War syndrome and no single cause ofillness related to service in the Persian http://www.idir.net/~krogers/vantyfair.h1ml 1118/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012221Anthrax Page 601 of 1446 ? , THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~T-Vanity Fair Article \ ..) Gulf. \ o Page 4 oflO The report bad gone to press, and no one wanted to reopen the investigation. Still, Dertzbaugh couldn't shake the feeling that it was important to give Asa's theory a closer look. In December 1994, be asked her to write a report and submit it to the Office of the Army Surgeon GeneraL Dertzbaugb even made a personal pitch; be told the office that Asa's theory appeared to explain the patients' problems, as be understood them. Asa says she asked the once for vaccine samples to test free of charge-to no avail. Herb Smith didn't call Pam Asa. She called him. In March 1995, 60 Minutes ran a segment on Gulf War syndrome that made a case for chemical weapons as its cause. Promoting this view was one of the veterans whom newsman Ed Bradley interviewed, Colonel Herbert Smith. "We were getting hammered with a lot of information about us getting affected by chemicals. I was getting sick enough where I couldn't argue with anyone. As you noticed," Smith recalls now, "they were talking about chemicals. [Former] senator Don Riegle [Democrat, Michigan], his team, and Jay Rockefeller [Democrat, West Virginia] and his team they all said it was chemicals." Watching the program, Asa noticed that Smith's knuckle joints had a particular swelling that she had seen before. She was convinced he bad an autoimmune disease. Asa decided to track down Colonel Smith. "60 Minutes called me and said, 'We got people calling and they wanna talk to you,"' says Smith. "And I said, 'Fine, you know, doesn't bother me, let em call.' I was getting people calling me up and saying,'You've got Lyme disease; you've got chronic fatigue syndrome; you need to take vitamin C.' They were trying to help, but they were nuts. When Pam called, I thought, Well, here's another one gonna tell me, you know, what I've got and how to fix it And then she starts talking and it just makes sense to me." About one month later, Smith says, he flew to Memphis to be treated by the Asas. After examining Smith, Dr. Kevin Asa agreed with his wife that the diagnosis was systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.). Physicians back at Waiter Reed balked. Smith recalls them protesting, "You can't have lupus! You're a white male in your 50s. People like you don't get autoimmune diseases!" They refused to run their own tests. Smith was not surprised at this response from the people who had been telling him that his problems were all psychologicaL "I had a doctor there, a guy named Michael Roy [major, U.S. Army]. He accused me of bleeding myself to fake my anemia," says Smith. "I have a degree in chemistry as well as being a doctor of veterinary medicine. Anyway, be says I'm a pretty smart guy, so I must know how to screw up my lab results." (Dr. Roy could not be reached for comment) Smith wouldn't let this insult go. "I wrote a letter to the commanding general, and I told him I had an officer, a major, accuse a superior officer, me, of conduct unbecoming an officer, and peljury. They gave me this new doctor, and he comes in saying,'Well, you know, Dr. Roy says you got all these psychological problems.' And I said,'What about all the V.A. findings [which supported the conclusion that Smith was physically ill]?"The V.A.? They're wrong. They don't know what they're doing.' So I asked, 'Ifyou won't believe the V.A., who will you believe? And this new doctor says, 'We'll believe either NJ.H. [National Institutes of Health] or Johns Hopkins." Smith sent his lab results to the N.I.H.'s Dr. John Klippel, who had co-edited a standard medical-school text in this field called Rheumatology. "He reviewed the case," says Smith, "and he said the Asas' diagnosis was correct, but he couldn't see me, because he wasn't accepting new patients." (Dr. Klippel could not be reached for comment) Smith then sent his records to another leading rheumatologist, Dr. Michelle Petri of Johns Hopkins University Medical School. "She called me up and said the Asas' diagnosis was correct, but she's going to have to run her own tests to confirm this. I gave more blood. Did a brain scan. And the results were pretty much the same." When the Asas treated Smith for lupus, his pain subsided. He could get out of his wheelchair and walk again, provided he used canes. Word about Asa had spread on the Internet's Gulf War-veteran grapevine, and others started to get in touch with her. One was Dr. Charles Jackson, a general pmctitioner who used to work at the V.A. hospital in Tuskegee, Alabama. Jackson told her he had hundreds of Gulf War-syndrome patients; he didn't know what it was or how to treat it. Asa asked him to run standard http://www.idir.net/-krogers/vantyfair.h1ml 1118/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012222Anthrax Page 602 of 1446 o THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~T-Vanity Fair Article ~J diagnostic tests for autoimmunity. Jackson says the lab values suggested that a full quarter of his Gulf War patients had autoimmune problems. But if Gulf War syndrome is adjuvant induced autoimmunity, what is the adjuvant? In 1995, Asa got the clue she sought. An official with the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affuirs introduced her to a patient who had volunteered for an N.LH. experimental-herpes-vaccine trial. The patient complained of chronic fatigue, muscle and joint pain, headaches, and photosensitive rashes-the same baseline symptoms as in GulfWar syndrome. She also had arthritis and other autoimmune disorders, diagnosed through lab tests. But this particular patient had never received the herpes vaccine. She'd been injected with a placebo, a single shot of a compound called MF-59, which contained an adjuvant that is much stronger than alum: squalene. This was in 1991, the same year as Desert Storm. Asa discovered from published scientific papers that squalene was a cutting-edge adjuvant used in at least three experimental vaccines in the 1990s. These were used in tightly controlled experiments on animals and humans, but vaccines containing squalene have never been approved by the FDA for human use. Squalene is a lipid, or fa~ that can be found in sebum, an oily substance secreted by the human sebaceous glands. Commercial squalene is extracted from shark livers. You can buy it in health-food stores in capsules which are purported to boost the immune system. It is also used in some cosmetics as a moisturizing oil. Squalene manufacturers say it's safe, and It appears to be when swallowed or rubbed on the skin. But injecting it is another matter. The adverse effects of vaccines containing squalene have been documented in papers published in such peer-reviewed scientific journals as Vaccine and the Annals of Internal Medicine. Since the mid-1970s researchers studying autoimmunity have used squalene to induce rheumatoid arthritis and a multiple-sclerosis-like disease called experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (E.A.E.) in rats. Like every other oil-based adjuvant ever concocted, squalene is apparently unsafe. A rheumatologist who conducts research into adjuvants atthe N.I.H. disputes the idea that adjuvants can induce autoimmune disease in humans. The researcher, who did not wish to be named, calls these allegations "junk science~" He admits that squalene can induce rheumatoid arthritis, but alleges that it does so only in one species of rat. Published scientific studies, however, show that squalene has been linked to the development of autoimmune disease in rats, mice, and macaque monkeys. When asked ifhe thinks the FDA will ever approve squalene as an adjuvan~ the N.I.H. researcher says no. "The FDA has not had a track record of approving oil-based adjuvants." Research with squalene has been done at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute, which names the finalists for the Nobel Prize in Medicine each year. Dr. Lars Klareskog, a rheumatologist at the affiliated hospital, concurs that compounds with squalene could be dangerous for humans. "It's true that adjuvants can, in these experimental models, tum a potential autoimmune reaction that is otherwise not pathogenic into pathogenic immune reactions. That is true in experimental animals. Whether that is true in humans, we do not really know. But we believe that is so. Where the event occurs in reality very much depends on the genetic background" In early 1995, Asa submitted to the army Surgeon general the report Dertzbaugh had asked her to write. In response, the Department of Defense in March 1996 published a report on the Interne~ refuting her theory without ever putting it to the test. A letter to the commander of the U.S. Ann.y Medical Research and Materiel Command from Dr. Waiter Brand~ who works for the Science Applications International Corporation, a Pentagon contractor, summarized the army's critique of Asa's theory, claiming that the only adjuvant the military used in vaccines was alum. He also criticized Asa's use of the phrase ''human adjuvant disease" (H.A.D.), a term used by Japanese doctors in the 1960s to descn"be autoimmune problems in women who had received silicone injections to enlarge their breasts. Brandfs letter said, "The term was coined 30 years ago and is generally not used by most informed physicians todayo..o There is similarity between H.A.D. and Gulf War Syndrome in their symptomatology. However, the development of symptoms in H.A.D. requires years, not months." After the Internet report caine o~ Asa's initial frustration with the army's lack of response turned to anger. "Adjuvant disease doesn't take years to create symptoms," Asa says. "And I wrote them about squalene and they hardly mentioned a word about it." Recently, Dr. Brandt explained to Vanity, Fair; "The presence of squalene or squalene antt"bodies in blood samples would seem to be a natural occurrence and not an indicator of adjuvant injection." According to Dr. Robert Garry, a professor of microbiology at Tulane University School of Medicine who works with Asa, this contradicts the fundamental definition ofautoimmunity. "Ifthat were true, we'd have antibodies to all the proteins, all the tissues in our bodies, and the immune system wouldn't function at all," he says. In August 1997, Vice Admiral Harold M. Koenig, then the surgeon general of the navy, wrote that the army "has used squalene as an adjuvant in several experimental vaccines ooo over the past ten years.ooo Military members who served in the Persian Gulf received standard vaccines, licensed by the FDA, with one exception [botulinum toroid, which approximately 8,000 troops received] .ooo Squalene was not a component of any vaccine product given." o Page 5 oflO ~:. http://www.id.ir .netl~krogers/vantyfair.html 11/8/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012223Anthrax Page 603 of 1446 ? THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC swT-Vanity Fair Article , ~ '1\j In June 1996, after denying for years that Iraq had ever forward-deployed chemical weapons during Desert Storm, the Defense Deparbnent admitted that the U.S. had destroyed a large cache of chemical munitions at the .Khamisiyah depot in Iraq in March 1991. Using only limited data on weather and detonation patterns, in 1997 the D.O.D. and C.I.A. released computer models of a toxic plume emanating from .Khamisiyah, wafting downwind and possibly contaminating 100,000 troops-by remarkable coincidence the approximate number of veterans who at the time were believed to be sick. (In September 1998, after conducting its own study, the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs would censure both the D.O.D. and C.I.A. for faulty analysis and for sending letters to GulfWarvets suggesting-without sufficient evidence that Gulf War syndrome may have been due to fallout from .Khamisiyah.) The .Khamisiyah computer models were suspect, but the spin was effective. The C.I.A.-produced animations were played and replayed on television news shows. Almost overnight, chemical-weapons contamination became the conventional wisdom on the cause of Gulf War syndrome. Saddam did it, sort of. So did the -nd. And maybe army engineers should have taken more precautions. As shots in the dark go, this seemed to make sense. The appearance that the Pentagon and C.I.A. had disclosed a possible cover-up lent the idea credibility. But even if a toxic plume had actually existed and moved in the direction the Pentagon said it did, enveloping 100,000 troops with minute doses of nerve agent, the theory collapses on several points with regard to autoimmune disease. First, the symptoms don't match: the effects of chemical weapons-acute headache, nausea, shrinkage ofthe pupils to pinpoints, and muscle paralysis-are well documented. In more than 50 years of data on nerve gases, published since the Nazis invented the chemical weapons sarin and soman, there isn't a single recorded instance of a nerve agent causing autoimmune symptoms or diseases. Second, veterans suffering from the symptoms of Gulf War syndrome who never deployed to the Gulf could not have been exposed to chemical-weapons fallout, or any other toxic agent in the region. Some of the veterans never left the United States; some went to other countries, such as Egypt These veterans did not take P.B. pills. Moreover, had chemical weapons caused Gulf War syndrome, one would expect to see it among those who are native to the region. Yet according to U.S. defense intelligence documents, there are no reports ofGulfWar syndrome among the Kuwaitis or Israelis. The Egyptians, who contributed some 40,000 troops to the coalition force, don't have it; neither do the French or the Belgians. All of them sent troops. Another cohort of people who do not significantly report cases are the journalists who covered the war, myself included. These groups all have at least one thing in common: they did not receive shots for biological-warfare agents. Retired air force master sergeant Jeffrey Swan, 40, says he got his shots at Fort Belvoir in Virginia sometime around March 1991. Only one of the vaccines he received was identified (smallpox), so he doesn't know which other shots he was actually given. Because Swan speaks Arabic, French, and Greek, the air force sent him to Egypt in April1991 to serve as a liaison with the Egyptian military. About four months later the tremors started, which made him look as though he were suffering from an alcoholic's D.T's. He developed joint and muscle pain and experienced seizures similar to Smiths. In 1996, back home in Tamworth, New Hampshire, he felt his car accelerating out of control and he slammed on the brakes. But it wasn't moving; he was parked at a shopping center. Swan's symptoms were the same as those of veterans who had Gulf War syndrome, but a VA. physician refused to put him on the government registry forit "He told me that I had Gulf War illness, but he couldn't write that in the records, because I hadn't been deployed there, I wasn't in the right place. So he wrote 'undiagnosed illness."' Air Force physicians have listed Swan's problem as "Major Depression with psychotic features. "For almost 20 years I held a top-secret security clearance," Swan says. "On my medical chart there was a big red-and-white sticker that said, o Page 6 oflO _ INSENSITIVE DUTIES.' I never had a doctor or dentist once note anything suspicious about my behavior. Any hint of instability had to be reported immediatelyo... Anything that might affect my performance had to be reported, even a teaspoonful of codeine. Suddenly I'm psychotic?" Swan thinks he knows why he and other veterans have encountered this penchant to call their problems psychosomatic, if not psychotic. "Anything I said could be dismissed. It got to a point where I didn't even believe I was having these symptoms ... that I was imagining everything. If we were registered for Gulf War syndrome, then everybody would know that the sickness couldn't be due to chemical weapons. We're the proof." According to Asa's reading of Swan's lab tests, Swan has lupus. He says a V.A. rheumatologist also told him that he may have atypical lupus, but that it would take more time to confirm the diagnosis. Asa has tested Swan +2 positive for squalene on a scale of 4. http://www.idir.netf,...,krogers/vantyfair.html 11/8/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012224Anthrax Page 604 of 1446 ? THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~T-Vanity Fair Article "'-' .. (). In early 1997, Asa bought 200 milliliters of squalene from Acres Organics in Geel, Belgium. She developed a scratch test to measure sensitivity to the substance. Al10 ofher Gulf War patients were "reactive." Some suffered symptoms such as rashes or swelling at the injection site. o Page 7 oflO She also tested a control group of healthy patients who had never taken military vaccines; none of them reacted. Still, Asa didn't have her evidence. The scratch test indicated exposure, but diwrt prove squalene had been injected. Around this time, Asa teamed up with Robert Garry at Tulane University. Garry and the university received a US. patent in 1997 for an assay that could detect antibodies to polymers, of which squalene is one. Asa sent Garry an initial batch of serum samples, including one from the subject who had volunteered for the N.I.H. herpes-vaccine trial. Asa didn't tell Garry which polymer he would be testing for, or which patients might have been exposed to it. This would be a blind study. When the samples all came back positive for antibodies to the unknown polymer, Garry repeated the tests and got the same results. He also tested frozen serum samples from Gulf War veterans sent directly to him in 1993 by Department ofDefense and V.A. researchers. He had originally been asked to test the blood for evidence that the patients had been exposed to retroviruses including HJ.V., for which they were virtually all negative. Garry got these samples out of cold storage and ran the new assay on them. He had been told that some of the samples were from healthy control subjects; now 69 percent of the samples tested positive for antibodies to the unknown polymer. It was at about this time, Asa says, that the phone calls started. She would answer the phone, and no one answered back. Her phone would occasionally dial 911 by itself in the middle of the night. A year and a half earlier, just after she had submitted her report to the D.O.D., there had been two attempted break-ins at her house. Her husband opposed any further involvement with the Gulf War-syndrome patients after the harassment began. If it was tied to this work, their children could be in danger, he believed. But Asa persisted, partly, she says, for the safety of her children. Her eldest. Chris, was in high school and would soon register for the draft. "There not going to equate my son with a lab rat. I don't care what the vaccine is. I don't care what they claim it's supposed to do for mankind. It's not right to experiment on people, ever." Asa sent Garry more samples, and by the fall of 1997, Garry had the results. Ninety-five percent of Asa's Gulf War syndrome patients had tested positive for antibodies to the unknown polymer. Colonel Smith was positive. The subject from the N.I.H. vaccine trial was positive. Of those sick veterans who had never deployed to the Gul~ but who said they had received shots, 100 percent were positive. In all, Asa and Garry tested some 350 subjects, half of them controls. "So what was that stuff?" he asked Asa. "Squalene," she said. This left one major question unanswered. Ifthe military used a squalene adjuvant, in which vaccine did they use it? In August 1990, the month Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait, there was probable amity at the Pentagon over the prospect that Saddam Hussein might use biological weapons to defend his newly annexed territory. On August 8, intelligence intercepts of Iraqi military communications indicated that Baghdad had produced and probably weaponized (i.e., made suitable for warfare) many deadly biological agents, including botulinum toxin and anthrax. The U.S. Army had been purchasing small amounts of vaccine for both, but its stocks were woefully short of what would actually be needed. A high-ranking army source confirms that by August 1990 the United States had stockpiled between 11,000 and 12,000 doses of anthrax vaccine. We eventually deployed 697,000 troops in the Persian Gult: According to declassified military documents, in August 1990 the army surgeon general at the time, General FrankE Ledford Jr., ordered a team of doctors and researchers from the army, the navy, and the Air Force to form a secret TriService Task Force on vaccinations for troops in the Gult: On October 9, 1990, in a conference room at the army's Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland, the Defense Department convened the first meeting of the task force, which began to draft plans to "surge" the production of vaccines for anthrax and botulinum toxin. At the next meeting, on October 12, the acting chairperson, Colonel Garland McCarty, and a team of 13 other officers decided to give the task force and its mission the code name Project Badger. http://www.idir.net/-krogers/vantyfair.html 11/8/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012225Anthrax Page 605 of 1446 o THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~T-Vanity Fair Article c '\ ~\ 1\r Of more than 160 companies that were asked to make anthrax vaccine, all but one said no. Only Lederle~Praxis Biologicals of Pearl River. New York, signed on. Under the suspension of Genernl Ronald R. Blanck and Colonel Harry Dangerfield, Project Badger organized the production of additional anthrax vaccine at the National Cancer Institute's Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, located at Fort Detrick. Both Lederle and N.C. I. were unlicensed and unregulated by the FDA The plan called for subcontractors to ship vaccine to the only FDA-licensed manufacturer ofanthrax vaccine, Michigan Biologic Products Institute (now BioPort), in Lansing, Michigan, for bottling, labeling, potency testing, and storage. This would have been another breach of federal safety regulations. As an earlier task force memo from October 10 stated "It must be noted that any firm other than Michigan will produce a vaccine under an I.N.D. and not a licensed product" I.N.D. stands for "investigational new drug," which requires special approval from the ED.A. for use. The army-as the executive agent for the Defense Department's biological warfare vaccine program- should have sought that approval. It did not, and N.C.L confirms that it never applied for an I.N.D. to produce anthrax vaccine. (Weth-Ayerst International, which now owns Lederle-Praxis, could not be reached for comment.) The FDA must approve all vaccines used in the United States and also license the production sites, military vaccines not excepted. General Blanck disputes this scenario unequivocally. "I have no knowledge of anybody producing any anthrax vaccine other than Michigan," he says. "Nobody provided us or produced any vaccine, because the war ended, basically, is what happened." By the first week of December 1990, Project Badger bad begun plans to test other experimental vaccines on US. troops in the Gulf. Project scientists referred to this endeavor, rather portentously, as a "Manhattan~like project," or simply a ''Manhattan Project." They organized a crash program to manufacture, or purchase, at least four experimental vaccines: Enterotoxigenic E. Coli, Hepatitis A, Centoxin, and Shigella. At least two other experimental products were ultimately used: PB. pills and botulinum toroid vaccine, for both of which the army received from the FDA a waiver ofinfonned consent. As for the mysterious "Vaccine A," variously cited as Vac A, Vac A~i, orVac A~2 in the shot records of sick veterans such as o Page 8 oflO Colonel Smith, declassified Defense Department documents identify it as anthrax vaccine. Dr. Gregory Dubay, who commanded the 129th Medical Company, a fonner Alabama National Guard unit out of Mobile, gave thousands of anthrax vaccinations to troops. He says, "Each soldier had to read a classified sheet of instructions, stating that he, or she, was receiving a secret shot, and that this was so for reasons of operational security. You don't want to tell the enemy that you're getting protection against one ofhis "weapons." Dubay-who both administered and took the vaccinations-says that he was under orders not to record the inoculations in the soldiers' medical records, and that the troops were not given a chance to decline the shots. "You were just marched through, and that was it... Then our commander told us to destroy everything connected with it-the empty vials, the boxes, and the package inserts. We burned them all in 55-gallon steel drums back behind the tents." The Pentagon says that 150,000 GulfWartroops received anthrax inoculations. There are no documents available proving that the army used a squalene adjuvant in the unapproved vaccines, and the army has specifically denied it. But that still leaves Asa and Garry with more than 100 sick veterans who had their shots and now test positive for antibodies to squalene. Why might the army have used squalene instead of alum, the only adjuvant approved for human use? Probably because squalene was stronger. The licensed anthrax vaccine was relatively weak.Jmmunity wasn't achieved with one shot. It took six shots, administered over a period of 18 months, then an annual booster. In 1991, tens of thousands of U.S. troops arrived in Saudi Arabia only a month before the coalition forces began the ground war. Most could get only two shots out of the six~shot regime; some just got one. And there was, perhaps, an even more compelling reason to enhance the vaccine. Two fonner members ofProject Badger say the coalition suspected that Iraq bad engineered a more powerful anthrax bio-weapon. "We were concerned that Saddam may have made anthrax resistant to penicillin," says one, who does not wish to be identified. "We knew he had the skills to do that people who had trained in the United States, who bad the skills to tum the bug into a resistant bug..ooThe Brits were the ones who gave us the information, actually. We actually knew who those people were." The anthrax vaccine licensed by the ED.A. back in 1970 was designed to protect against anthrax germs that occasionally infect wool sorters and veterinarians. It was not known to be effective against a biowarfare agent that Iraq had possibly made more lethal. It is plausible that the army thought an experimental anthrax vaccine was worth the risk, especially since squalene was considered to be a superior adjuvant. However, this was a hypothesis. Administering such a vaccine to the troops would have been tantamount to a human experiment. In order to conduct a legal trial with squalene, one would have to file an "investigational new drug" application with the FDA and have that application approved. This did not happen. In October 1997, the British revealed their attempts to boost the efficacy of their anthrax vaccine during the Gulf War by using a pertussis vaccine as an adjuvant. This controversial combination had caused serious http://www.idir.netf,....krogers/vantyfair.html 11/8/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012226Anthrax Page 606 of 1446 , , THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~T-Vanity Fair Article "? ,, .~.:\ side effects in animals. But Asa believes she has evidence that the British also boosted at least one of their vaccines with squalene. In 1998, she tested five British veterans suffering from symptoms similar to those of Gulf War syndrome. Four were positive for antibodies to squalene. (The British Ministry of Defence denies using squalene in vaccines given to Gulf War troops.) Among the 1991 coalition allies, the United States, Britain, Canada, and the Czech Republic have reported possible Gulf War-related illnesses. Of these, the first three admit to immunizing troops against biological-warfare agents. Production ofanthrax vaccine in unlicensed facilities did not end with the war. On August 29, 1991, six months after Iraq's surrender, the army surgeon general approved a $15.4 million contract for a company called Program Resources, Inc. (P.R.I.), a National Cancer Institute subcontractor that managed some ofN.CJ.'s labs at Fort Detrick. Contracts were drawn up for fiscal years 1992 and 1993. In a secret Pentagon log kept continuously between August 8, 1990, and February 7, 1992, there are numerous references to the army's expanded vaccine-production program, but no record of any decision to halt it or to cancel the contract with P.R.I. Chuck Dasey, a spokesman at Fort Detrick, says that no anthrax vaccine was ever produced throughthecontract. Presumably, the vaccines made during the Gulf War are part of the stockpile now being administered in the wake of the D.O.D!s December 1997 decision to immunize all2.4 million people in the armed services against anthrax. When Pentagon officials held a press conference about the mandatory immunizations last summer, they insisted that there had been only seven reported adverse reactions to the nearly 140,000 anthrax vaccinations that the military had given in the preceding six months. But according to the FDA's Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, there were at least 64 reports of reactions to the vaccine between September 2, 1998, and March 9, 1999. Activist Lori Greenleaf, a day-care provider in Morrison, Colorado, says that, based on her E-mail, there are a lot more military personnel reporting problems. Greenleaf began a grassroots campaign against mandatory anthrax immunizations because ofher 23-year-old son, Erik Julius, who she says fell ill after taking the second of three anthrax shots in March 1998. She is swamped with messages? from fearful enlisted men and women. Some of them have already received their anthrax shots. "They've got rashes, chronic fatigue, h~ir loss, memory loss, muscle and joint pain, numbness in their extremities." Greenleaf says she does not know what an adjuvant is, and she has no idea what is ailing her son. "All I know is, my son and many other people are getting sick after getting the anthrax shots, and it sounds an awful lot like Gulf War syndrome." . Two sexvicemen who received their anthrax shots last year have tested positive for anttoodies to squalene. One received vaccine from Lot No. FAVOZO, the same lot sold to Canada and Australia. The other serviceman received vaccine from Lot No. FAV030. Doses from this lot were also sold to Canada, according to that country's Department ofNational Defence. There is no evidence that every dose in FAVOZO and FAV030 is contaminated with squalene, but the antibodies in these two veterans suggest that anyone immunized from these lots may be playing "vaccine roulette." The U.S. has shipped anthrax vaccine from other lots to Germany, ISrael, and Taiwan. Ifthe first casualty of war is truth, then the rule of law is a close second. As Cicero wrote, "Laws are silent in time of war." In the fall of 1990, the Pentagon began petitioning the FDA to waive informed-consent requirements on so-called investigational new drugs for the Persian Gulf. This was an ethical powder keg. In 1947, under the authority of the U.S. militarY in Nuremberg, Nazi scientists and physicians stood accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity for performing experiments on prisoners. Seven were hanged. Following the trials, US. judges drafted the 10-point Nuremberg Code, which was intended to govern all future experiments involving human subjects. The code's first and best-known principle was voluntary, informed consent. Until the Gulf War, the US. military had never argued that there should be any exceptions. In the end, the ED.A. decided to grant waivers for PB. pills and for the rarely used and as yet unlicensed vaccine botulinum toxoid. o Page 9 oflO In 1994, the Senate Veterans' .Affi1irs Committee called this a violation ofNuremberg, the moral equivalent of the army's World War II-era mustard-gas tests on troops and its LSD experiments in the 50s and 60s. "We'd like to think these kinds of abuses are a thing ofthe past, but the legacy continues," said the committee chairman at the time, Senator Rockefeller. "During the Persian Gulf War, hundreds of thousands of soldiers were given experimental vaccines and drugs ..o these medical products could be causing many of th~:? mysterious illnesses those veterans are now experiencing." Rockefeller could barely contain himself: "The D.O.D.'s failure to provide medical treatment or information to soldiers was unjustifiable, unethical, sometimes illegal, and caused unnecessary suffering." He was referring to the experimental PB. piiis and botulinum-toxoid vaccine. Rockefeller and his staff made no mention of unapproved anthrax vaccine, Project Badger, or the Persian Gulf "Manhattan Project." http://www.idir.net/-krogers/vantyfair.html 11/8/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012227Anthrax Page 607 of 1446 " THE PENTAGON'S TOXIC S~T-VanityFair Article (..P ~ Declassified documents show that Dr. Waiter Brandt, who helped organize the Internet report attacking Asa's theories, was one ofthe originat members of Project Badger. Dr. Michael Roy, the physician who diagnosed Colonel Smith's illness as psychosomatic, also worked with members of the team in early 1991-the same doctors who planned the "Manhattan Project" The Pentagon says that most of the unit logs in which biological-warfare vaccinations were recorded are missing. Vanity Fair has f01md an army document showing that at least some of these records were ordered sent to the Office of the Surgeon General General Ronald Blanck, who led the Project Badger Working Group on expanded vaccine production, is the current army surgeon general. Some might understand the decision to accelerate vaccine production by any means possible when faced with the prospect of biological warfare. But Dr. Greg Dubay believes he should have been told ifhe was administering an altered version of an existing vaccine. "If I'd known it was a vaccine that had been tampered with-ifit was tampered with-I would have declined the order to give it," he says. ''You do not obey an unlawful order. If I knew it was done clandestinely, and had solid evidence, I would have disobeyed the order. The first oath of every physician is to do no harm. I don't know any physician who would purposely do something that is truly harmful, unless you're a Mengele or something." A spokesman for BioPort says parts ofProject Badger remain classified. Pentagon officials deny using a squalene adjuvant in any Gulf War vaccines and balk at Asa's allegation that some undiagnosed Gulf War illnesses are autoimmune diseases. Can a substance that induces autoimmune disease in a rat or a mouse be dangerous to a human being? Former Marine Corps tank commander Jeff Rawls has a solution for the naysayers. Rawls is a 31-year-old Gulf War veteran who now lives with his parents in upstate New York. He has experienced severe shrinkage of part of his brain and can barely walk. At +3, he is almost off the scale for antibodies to squalene. "Inject them with the same thing and see what happens," Rawls says in a slurred and halting voice. ''No one in their right mind would volunteer for something like that" o ? Page 10 of 10 To Index http://www.idir.net/~krogers/vantyfair.html 11/8/2005 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012228Anthrax Page 608 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o Precedence; To: PRIORITY Date: 12/12/2005 Attn:~l----~------~------~ ssRAI Counterterrorism Inspection Washington Field Attn: Attn: SSA~,._----------~--~ IIC~~------------------~ From: Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: SA Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID' #: 279A-WF-4.2.2_93~6.:-:oLEADS~~Pending)- \~"\\ (279A-WF-222936-USAMRII~/ (Pending)- \~b~ Title: AMERITHRAXi MAJOR CASE 184 To set lead to interview Synopsis: employee! I ~------------------~ Enclosure (s): For I Resident A~ (RA) only: confidentialit~tement, NCIC pr1ntouts forL___J I !printouts forl___j and photographs ofl I I b7C Details: The AMERITHRAX Squad 3 (AMX-3) of the Washington Field Office (WFO) has been conducting discrete.investigations and interviews of visiting,scientists having access to the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) while at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Frederick 1 Maryland. The Ames strain of Ba has been determined to be the bacterium responsible for the associated deaths and illnesses to the anthrax-laced letter mailings of September and October 2001. One such visiting scientist to USAMRIID has been identified asl I I Social Securit ~N~u-mb~e-r~(~S~SAN~)~:~I---~---~---------~---~'I~D-a't_e_o~f Birth (DOB) :~~~~~----~ Investigation and interviews to date have indica e an r~~~~~~~~~==~~~~~~~lemployee conducted researc at USAMRIID wh1ch ut1l1zed the Ames strain of Ba inl I This research was the result of a coo erative a reement between Bruce Ivins at USAMRIID and USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012229Anthrax Page 609 of 1446 To: Re: ~----~~ Fro~ Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-LEADS, 12/12/2005 o b7C One such location a~IID known to contain the Ames strain of Ba was known as the hot suite in USAMRIID building! ~ Investigation an ~nterviews have determined that lhad periods of unsupervised time within thec:Jhot su~i~t~e--~ ~w~h-~-r~e~working with the pathogenic Ames strain of Ba. Thus,l would have had the potential opportunity to abscond with an~----~ undetermined quantity of the Ames strain of Ba. Discrete investigation and interviews pertaining to lhas determined a number of un-resolved questions. Of ~p-r~i-n-c~ipa1 importance is determining! I exact whereabouts surrounding the two windows of opportunity associated with the anthrax-laced letter mailings of 2001. Secondly,! I knowledge an~erience in the field of microbiology and specificallyl__j bacteriological interests and abilities should be determined. Thirdly,! I interpersonal and employer-~----~ employee relationship skills, specifically as it relates tol conflict resolution skills should be determined. ~----~ mailinq b2 F I ~P~>r~?~;?~o~~r?r?~~~r?~h~~~q~~~~~r~~~-2?~n~~nlj_14~nthrax-laced letter loersonnel file indicated Discrete investigation of~surrounding the September 2001 anthrax-laced letter~q indicated on I !started work inl I 2 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012230Anthrax Page 610 of 1446 To: Re: I I Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-LEADS, 12/12/2005 From~ o eriod indicate Bank and credit card records were unremarkable for ev1 ence of out of state travel during the month of September, furthermore, there was no unusual activit or withdrawals noted. Available tele hone records indicated There is no activity on b,nk cr;dit card, or telephone accounts that would indicate ~whereabouts during the entire window of opportunity for the September 2001 anthrax-laced letter mailing. Investigation surrounding the October 2001 anthraxlaced letter mailin indicated! lwas still w9rkipq in the laborator of work schedule fori~-----------------~ must be determined and any supporting Bank records indicated an ATM withdrawal There was no further on the Ban recor s, as we credit card activity, were otherw1se unremarkable during the month of October 2001. Available telephone records fail to time linel 1 Althoug~ 12001 bank and credit card records fail to indicate planning or evidence of out of state travel, !whereabouts during the entire window of opportunity for ~t~h-e~O~c~tober 2001 anthrax-laced letter mailing remains unknown. Personnel relationship between! orevious emolovment w1t1il ~~ indicated the employee-employer Iandi !rapidly cooled, similar -to his I WFO respectfully requests! Resident Agency (RA) to discretely 1nterv1ew1 supervisor I I former I I 3 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012231Anthrax Page 611 of 1446 To: Re: ~----~~ From~ Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-LEADS 12/12/2005 1 o I Broadly WFO b6 WFO~ks to I lthatl 1 to obtain additional information pertaining mav be knowledaeable of. It should be noted ~------------------------------------------------~~ seeks to identify the following: 1. 2. 3. 4 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012232Anthrax Page 612 of 1446 To: Re: ~----~~ From~Washington 4. Field 279A-WF-222936-LEADS, 12/12/2005 o b7C WFO recognizes the above captioned outline to serve as a guide during the interview process and WFO relies heavily upon the interview Special Agent (SA) to expand the scope and nature of the interview as deemed appropriate. cl arj ~j I I WFO. Contact for additional information and/or cations prior to J.ntervJ.ew at I I (office) or !(cellular). Send interview results as well as current employment information to ....________. AMX-3, sAl I SAl I Descriptive Data: Reference Name Last: First: Middle: Race: Sex: SSAN: DOB: Work Address(es) Pre Direction: Street Name: Street Suffix: Post Direction: City: State: Postal Code: Country: Work Phone #: Possible Home Address Street Name: City: es~----------------~ 5 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012233Anthrax Page 613 of 1446 To: l Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEADS 1 12/12/2005 I Fro~ Washington Field o b7C I State: Postal Code: Country: Possible Home Phone #: Miscellaneous: NCIC query for and SSAN: indicated no current wan s or warran s nor any ide~~t-l~t~l~a~o~r~e~--~ criminal history (Attached) . ACS database query fori I and SSAN :1 lmet with negative results. ACS database query for~--~ ~a~dd~r-e-s-s~:1 !met with negative results. I r b7C A guer~ of I number: I las well as negative results. A query of I Imet for telephone with I negative results. Iall fori met with I E b6 A query of Lexis Nexis database fori with positive results (Attached). ~-l~n-f~o-r_m_a_t~ion was found. I met No derogatory l 6 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012234Anthrax ~-------- Page 614 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field 279A-wF-222936-LEADS, 12/12/2005 I From~ o LEAD (s) : Set Lead 1: (Action) .___ ___.IAMx- 3 , WFO Set Lead 2: Intervie~ (Info) ....__ _ _ _ ____. provide results to S A D COUNTERTERRORISM AT FBIHQ Information Only. Set Lead 3: (Info) INSPECTION AT WASHINGTON, DC Information Only . oo 7 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012235Anthrax Page 615 of 1446 F'b-jo2 (Re~. I0-6-95) o On November 23, 2005,1 - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 11 I 2 8 I 2 0 0 5 r - 1_ _ _ _ _ .....::::.;:..:.....~~...::.,,soc-ial security nufuberl I I date was of birth interviewed atc::J place of employment, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)l 1425 Porter Stfeet, Fort Detrick, Maryland, work telephone numberl I I . After being advised of the identity of the interviewing ~gent an~ Postal Inspector~ provided the following lnformatlon: I I lwas shown a photograph taken by the Federal Bureau of Investlgatlon (FBI) on July 23, 2004, during a search the FBI conducted at USAMRIID. This photograph depicted a InterMed Nunc box with what appear to be numerous tubes inside. Handwriting on the box states "S. African Isolates Ba, Careful - Lyophilizint:J Vials. I L I did not recognize this box. However, advised that if the lyophilizing tubes were stoppered with cot , this could indicate that the tubes were not lyophilized recently, as using cotton plugs is the "old way". However, some individuals still use cotton plugs. ? ~~~a~p~p~r~oximately one year in the late 1980s. I Irecalled a foreign visiting scientist,~ I who was from the United Kingdom and rho visit~RIID L I Investigation on 11/23/2005 -----------at Ft. Detrick, Maryland ~ Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-\J SA PI N /A ----------------- b6 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. D USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012236Anthrax Page 616 of 1446 " FJY:302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~~------~~----------- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of I ,On 11/23/2005 , Page _ _,2=--- lcould not recall whether~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~ ever vis1~t~e-a~u~s-~~RIID or whether the two simply met ~uring an anthrax-related meeting. visited USAMRIID a number of times, !worked in the sa11~~--~~ision as ._____,______.I when I I was at Porton Down. worked with environmental samples and with Ames, although rarely ventured into USAMRIID's containment suites. ...._ I ____________________ ~ I The i'nterviewing Agent and Postal Inspector accompanied to r l office, whereupon I pr~:t:9 out several M1crOS ft~l spreadsheels s~owingiBa strains, including some strains procured from_ _ I In ad 1 1on,l lcalled I I who was in the lsuites, anctl I faxed the 1nterviewing Agent and Postal Inspector four pages of strain information from inside the suites. I 1 l I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012237Anthrax Page 617 of 1446 Fl1'-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . '\ o ~.__ _ _ _ _ __ 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - , On 11/2 3 /2 0 0 5 , Page ___;:=::::::=--1 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of .__-::::-:--:-:-----:--:----:---=---'!""':"":~:--.JI a 1 so uns ucce s s tully Too Kea 1:nroug n 1 filing cabinets for additional information on the above-mentionea foreign visiting scientists. I advised notebooks may be in Suite !notebooks remaine I I 0 spmy:d !laboratory orL___J BRUCE IVINS would know whether there~ USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012238Anthrax Page 618 of 1446 '* o (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 12/28/2005 b7C Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: A/ SSA L-1_ _ _ ____.I AMX- 2 Approved By: Drafted By: Case I~#: ~==============~ ~~~n~a~u~=--=~=~o===--=-=-=--~------~ 279A-WF-222936-LEAD ,/ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDV (Pending)?\~~ (Pending).\~~\ Title: AMERITHRAXi MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: To set lead to review information gathered from certain computer hard drives located at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . Reference: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1075 279A-WF-222936-POI Serial 1420 279A-WF-222936-POI Serial 1421 Enclosure(s): Enclosed for Washington Field are copies of documents printed from various computer hard drives located at USAMRIID. Details: On January 13, 2005, January 31, 2005, and February 3, 2005, electronic copies were made of computer hard drives operated by the following individuals: I I Bruce Ivins~ ~ andl I Writer reviewed documents from all hard dr1ves except those operated by Ivins, and found items of potential investigative interest. These items were electronically bookmarked and also,printed for review. Of note for this lead are certain documents with interest of a scientific or genealogical nature. A brief synopsis of the documents submitted to Amerithrax-2 for review follows: Numbered Computer O:gerated Of Possible Investigative Interest 12Y 1 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012239Anthrax Page 619 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 12/28/2005 F~d Fiel~ LEAD(s): Set Lead 1: (Discretionary) WASHINGTON FIELD AT WASHINGTON, D.C. Review co ied information from computers operated by andl employees of t e Un1te States Army Me 1ca Research Inst1tute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) and take action, if appropriate . b6 I oo o 4 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012240Anthrax Page 620 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o Social .. - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01 I 04 I 2 0 0 6 ~----~~I~n-s~t~l~.t~u~t-e~~~~~~--~D~i-s_e_a_s_e_s~(~USAMRIID), date of United States Army home [ ~~~~========~~~~~~::::~~~::~~~~~~~==:=~~~~~~~~r wor e e o place of employment. 1nterviewing Agents and following information: Number was interviewed v1se of the identities of the interview, !provided I I I believes that B,UC~ IliNS provided the Ames strain of Ba used in t~osol challenge.did not remember any specifics about the specific name of the sample or history related to the~ strain of Ba used other than most likely IVINS provided the Ea. L____J does not recall knowing if the Ames used was froml L I lwas not .sure how or where the Ba used in the study was stored. ldid not perform any Ba research outside ofl I I Investigation on 11412006 at'Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012241Anthrax Page 621 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------~------------------------oOn 1/4/2006 --2- During the interview, OreviewedD notes associated with r---l challenge,Dwanted to be stationed on the cold side of Building while was on e ot side of Building was ~e inS 1 el I believes these notes were taken prior to the challenge. These notes also stated thatl land IVINS would provide unspecified support for the study. ldid not keep a laboratory ~otebook for the abovementioned study .I !believes that Ior IVINS could provide additional information about when the Ba used in the study was moved from Building I I to Buildinsl ~ I I did not know if there was a lypholizer was in Suite _.j the above mentioned r::dyJ The notes mentioned that during the I i 7 b F . _ I_ _ During the interview, provided to~l--~ a copy of a page of IVINS' laboratory notebook discussing Ames spores, the Ba Ames strain dilution scheme, and the fact that eight monkeys were to be involved in an aerosol challenge. This noteboqk page was dated 5/11/1998, two days before the aerosol challenge inl study was performed. I I had never seen the information detailed in the labo~atory notebook. r----lstated that since there were 8 monkey challenged in his aerOSOI-Challenge, this notebook page was most likely referring to the aerosol challenge thatl planned. A copy of the laboratory notebook page is included in the accompanying lA envelope. I I r----lprovided photocopies of several emails discussing._!~_ __. study. ~igned an FD-597 indicating the release of these emails. Photocopies of the emails and the original FD-597 are also included in the accompanying lA envelope. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012242Anthrax Page 622 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o I Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 1/11/2006 Washington Field Washington Field AMX 1 NVRA Contact: . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . , b7C b6 Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX Major Case 184 (Pending) -I f.>~ Synopsis: To summarize information obtained from collected documentation and related interviews regarding aerosol challenges using Bacillus anthracis (Ba) Ames spores at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) and to provide an evaluation of the availability of Ames from aerosol challenges. Reference: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 795 Enclosures: 1) Diagram of aerosol challenge equipment, 2) Three (3) pictures of flask containing RMR 1029. Details: The USAMRIID facility located in Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, houses a service division which specializes in exposing test animals to known pathogens and toxins for the purpose of "challenging" the efficacy of vaccines given to the animals prior to exposure. The vaccines are under development by other USAMRIID divisions or other laboratories which use the services of the Aerobiology Division for the challenges. ~he pathogens and toxins used are in liquid aerosol form when sprayed into the exposure chambers containing test animals. In an attempt to identify potential sources of Ames strain Ba spores which could theoretically have been used in the preparation of anthrax-laced letters mailed in September ahd October 2001, the history of Ames aerosol challenges at USAMRIID from 1996 through 2001 was compiled. From 12/9/1996 through 10/2001 there were 53 separate aerosol challenges involving Ba on 35 different days. The b7C USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012243Anthrax Page 623 of 1446 To: Re: W h 1ng t on 1~ From: Wash;ngton F;eld41t as . o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 F'~a aerosol ~enges were r~ roomsD andll in Building~.:-1--=--_. and rooml___j in Building~ at the United~tes Army Medical Research Institute of Infect1ous Diseases (USAMRIID) . Documentation collected shows that there Primary Investigators (PI) involved in the challen Pis 1rerified throu~~i~n~t~e~r~v~1~?e~w~~w~e~r~e~------------------------~~ I Bruce Ivins and ere were and other personnel (some of the Pis were category) documented as being involved in the aerosol process during this period as well. Sixteen of the 22 individuals documented were involved in The b7F I I I ?Bruce t e 53 Ba aeroso enges run, L---~----------~~~~~_.:=~ of them. Through interviews, it has been suggested thatL-----~ I jran most of the challenges because of the sensitivity of the challenges being run as part of the vaccine efficacy studies. The test animals utilized in the Ames aerosol challenges included rabbits, non-human primates (NHPs), and mice. The Ba used in the challenges was primarily produced and provided by Ivins. One batch of highly purified Ames spores produced for aerosol challenges was referred to as Reference Material Receipt (RMR) 1030. It was a combined batch of spores produced by Ivinsl I When this material began t,o run out, an extensive vaccine challenge was planned which required a very large amount of highly purified Ames spores. Ivins contracted Dugway Proving Grounds to produce Ames spores in fermenters and provide them to USAMRIID for use in this study. The Dugway Ames was purified by Ivins and subsequently combined with multiple batches of Ames spores produced by Ivinsl I L-.--~--~lat USAMRIID using a Leighton-Doi broth technique. The combined Ames spore preparation was referred to as RMR 1029. RMR 1029 and 1030 were the primary sources of challenge material during the period for which Ba?challenge information was compiled. However, some challenges were conducted using other strains of Ba. The source of the Ames material used in each challenge is provided if it was documented or could be verified through interviews. 2 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012244Anthrax Page 624 of 1446 To: Re: W h ~ng t on ~~ From: Wash;ngton as . o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 F'~ F;eld~ o In order to explain the evaluation of the availability of Ames material used for and remaining after aerosol challenges, a description of the process and equipment is provided. AEROSOL CHALLENGE EQUIPMENT (refer to enclosed diagrams) : Nebulizer A nebulizer, also known as a collison, was used to generate aerosolized particles of the challenge agent. A The nAh11l i 7.Ar w:=~~=~ collison was a ~=~n~=>l'"'ific tvne of n~=>hnlizer '_sed ofl F I 3 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012245Anthrax Page 625 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Field41t 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 F Fi~ The first documented use of the new BGI nebulizers during a Ba Ames chall~nge was on July 17, 2000. Aerosol Chamber The size of the chamber used durina a aiven aerosol challenqe was animal-dependent. I I ~------~--~~----------~--~--~~----~~--~--~~~--~--~~ oome types of chambers were designed to contain the whole animal during an exposure, but other chambers were designed to expose only the nose of the animal. These systems were referred to as nose-only exposure chambers. Similarly, head-only chambers were sometimes used. In these chambers, only the head of the animal (sealed around the neck at the junction) was inserted into a sealed chamber for aerosol exposure. All Glass Impinger (AGI) Attached to the aerosol chamber was an AGI, designed to mimic the nasal passage of a human. I 4 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012246Anthrax Page 626 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Fi!lt From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Field~ F TRAINING OF AEROBIOLOGY PERSONNEL: I lbecame the defacto experts on the aerosol system and process. Up until December 2000,1 I I I ran the majority of the aerosol challenges conducted in the Aerobiology Department at USAMRIID. When others began to participate in the process,! ltaught the process to their civilian and m1l1tary colleagues. Due to the complexity of the system and process, most of the training was process oriented rather than theoretical in nature. b6 USAMRIID SPACE UTILIZED FOR AEROSOL CHALLENGES: The anthrax afrosoJ chaJJeqge and~t-challenge stepj were conducted in rooms_ J, andL__Jin Building and Suitel lin Building! lat USAMRIID. No other rooms have been identified as having oeen utilized for Ames~sol work within B~ildingl lorc:::J at USAMRIID. Suitel___j was only utilized while Building! lwas under renovation in the mid1990's, prior to Ivins' production of Reference Material (RMR) 1029. There is no dqcnmentftion to suggest that RMR 1029 was ever taken into Suit~~----~ Roomc==]of Buildingc===Jwas used as a preparation and post-challenge room for the anthrax aerosol challenges. This space was utilized primarily by Ivins and his department, 5 1 F USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012247Anthrax Page 627 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fi~ Field~ b7C however, there were occasions when the room was shared Pis. For exam le in 1998 and 1999 It was documented during several interviews that Ivins' group did not keep roomc::Jvery clean and tidy. Post-challenge agar plates were left on counters 1 the incubators were.left full of material/ samples in the refrigerator were not disposed of in a timely mannerr and "hot" trash was allowed to build up for weeks prioJ=:=:lng autoclaved. One former military aerobiology technician commented thatohad to clean Ivins' trash himself out o safety concerns. said that the civilians at USAMRIID did not take safety ser1ously. I !commented that when~ooked at the agar plates that had sat in the biohazard trash bags for several days or weeks in 115, they were covered with bacterial growth. Roomr--lwas used to prepare the nebulizer and AGI's for exposures. ~obiology Department personnel primarily used this room. Rooms and Owere utilized to run the aerosol exposures. All of the aerosol challenges were run in roomr---1 until December ~000 whe~ first anthrax aerosol chal~ was run in rooml__j. Room ~as subsequently used as an additional Ames challenge lab. The challenges in room I I until December 5r 2000 used? two hoodlines 1 titled hoods #1 &~for the exposuresater December 5 1 2000 only the #1 hoodline was used in room Documentation shows that another hoodline 1 hood #Br in room was utilized for subsequent anthrax challenges. AEROSOLIZATION PROCESS: b2 F D The aerosol process was generally outlined in several Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) used by the Aerobiology Department. The SOPs include: F SOP Number Title 6 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012248Anthrax Page 628 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fi~ Field~ F PREPARATION OF AMES CHALLENGE MATERIAL: Ivins. According D of Bu~ldingl lbyIvins transported a tol prior to a challenge, largeas The Ba used in the challenges was main:;in:d jn suit~ contain1ng the liquid preparation of Ba to be used for the challenges. The flask was stored in roomc::J From the flask, the investigators prepared 15 ml conical tubes filled with 10 ml of Ba solution. The tubes were kept in the refrigerator in roomc::Jof Building luntil needed for the challenge. Information provided during ~o~h~r interviews contradicts the information provided by and states that Ivins would prepare the conical tubes ~1~n~~s~u~1~~~and trjnsporf only the tubes, and not the entire flas~, to Bu~lding This portion of the investigation rema1ns ongo1ng. No pre-challenge Ami:=:( kept in the walk-in cooler on the first floor of Building but post-challenge material was stored there. The length o 1me left-over Ames was stored remains controversial. One unresolved contradiction is that some interviewees said that if a conical tube was missing from room ~--~1 it would be noticed since they knew how many tubes they prepared. Other interviewe.es said that extra tubes were prepared in case one was dropped or damaged, so there were more tubes than test animals. The left-over material was not carefully inventoried or tracked. No one would notice if liquid Ames was taken out of the tubes and replaced with water. The spores were heat-shocked prior to the challenge to remove vegetative matter and stimulate germination. The Ba Ames spores were suspended in a water solution. The starting concentration of that suspension, which was transferred to the collison nebulizer, was normally 10 9 colony forming units (cfu) per ml. The AGis captured samples of the air inside the exposure ~] b7F b7F 7 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012249Anthrax Page 629 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 1/11/2006 Fi~ From: Washington Field~ chamberr so the amount of Ba was diluted in the AGis compared to the starting Ba solution in the nebulizer. POST-CHALLENGE PROCESS: The post-challenge process was intended to determine the amount of pathogen or toxin actually breathed in by each animal. This determination was made by using information collected throughout the challenge (equipment settings 1 gauge readings 1 and animal respiration monitoring) and by determining the concentration of Ba collected into the AGis by growing the Ba on agar plates and counting the colonies. Following an aerosol challenge, approximately 7 ml of the original Ba starting solution remained in the nebulizer. According to Ivinsr it was normal procedure to autoclave the remaining material in the nebulizer prior to removing it from the hood at the end of the day. The technicians who actually carried out such tasks were not confident that this material was always autoclaved prior to removal from the hoodlines. The exterior of the AGis was sprayed with a bleach solution prior to removal from the hood so the AGI contents could be plated to determine the concentration of Ba. Following an aerosol challenge, Ivins conducted most of the post-challenge work. Ivins was the PI for the majority of the anthrax studiesr and he preferred to do his own postchallenge work. I I sometimes assisted Ivins with the postchallenge work. The post-challenge plating to determine the concentration of Ba was conducted by creating serial dilutions of the collected samples in the~ The dilution tubes were kept in the walk-in cooler on the floor of Buildingc===ibecause there was not enough room in t e refrigerator in roo~ Several individuals stated that the 15 ml conical tubes containing the dilutions were disposed of after the postchallenge plating was completed, but other information suggested these tubes may have remained in the walk-.in cooler on a longterm h.=~!=!i !=I b7F 1 I 8 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012250Anthrax Page 630 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Field. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fie~ F The oost-challenqe olatinq was conducted orimarilv usinal I 1 on t.ne morn~ng Io.uow~ng t.ne cna.L.Lenge. The plates were read DISPOSAL OF POST-CHALLENGE MATERIAL: b7F 9 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012251Anthrax Page 631 of 1446 To: Re: a. W h 1ng t on F' ... From: Wash1'ngton as . 1~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 F1'eld~ b2 F Information obtained from interviews indicated that standard protocol is and was for the post-challenge plates to be autoclaved in the challenge labs prior to disposal in the basement, meaning that this material should have been autoclaved twice. Several technicians stated that this was no~ys the practice. All material on the hot side of Building L___jwas considered to be "hot", and it was the opinion of several technicians that the Pis and their staff were not concerned if material was autoclaved before leaving a room or lab for disposal. The main concern was that material was autoclaved in the basement before leaving the hot side of the building. DOCUMENTED Ba AEROSOL CHALLENGES: The information below was taken from four aerosol exposure log books obtained from the Aerobiology Division, information furnished by Ivins regarding Ames stock distribution within USAMRIID, interviews of USAMRIID staff, and protocol proposals. Copies of the aerosol exposure log books are maintained in the 1A section of the captioned file. 12/9/1996 Exposure 97-007H, Protocol F96-17 PI? Lrl._ _....,.!ech: I I Ro~ml ~ood 4, 5 an1mals exposed Exposure 97-008H~ ProtocoJ F96-JI7 PI:c:====J Tech: ~~~~~~~--~~ RoomL___J Hood 4, 23 Rabbits exposed Expa97-oo9H prata ol F96-17 PI : Tech: Room Hood 4, 22 Rabbits exposed L..l - - - - ' - b 7F b7C F 12/11/1996 12/12/1996 9 12/13/1996 Exposure 97-010~~ Protocor F96-17 PI: r==J Tech: Room~ Hood 4, 21 Rabbits exposed I I 12/17/1996 PI: Room Exp897-011~ I Protoc:l F96-16 Tech: J Hood 4, 13 NHPs exposed 10 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012252Anthrax Page 632 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 1/11/2006 Fi~ Field~ 10/27/1997 First entry on RMR Record for RMR 1030. Documents total amount of material as 21 x 5 ml tubes. A subsequent entry in the middle of the second page shows another 36 x 1ml tubes. 1 x 5 ml tube of RMR 1030 was removed from stock as per RMR Record and initialed by Ivins. Exp?~u:e 11/6/1997 11/6/1997 Room_ I No animals exposed;. 10 runs were completed with dilutions of 10" 4 I 10" 3 I 10" 2 I 10" 1 1 and undiluted. 11/11/1997 ~~: 1~,: sl o~~I~~ i~~~: 98-0011 Protocol F97-08 b7F . . ___________. . . 19 x 5 ml and 35 x 1 ml tubes of RMR 1030 was removed from stock as per RMR Record and initialed by Ivins (130 ml of RMR 1030) . This is the final entry on the RMR Record for 1030. This documents that as of 11/11/1997 there was 0 ml of RMR 1030 material remaining in stock. Exposure 98-002 1 Proto~c~o~l_.F~9~7~-~0~8~-----~ PI: r----l IVINS Tech: Ba A~ock RMR 1030 ....__----------~ Roomr--1 Hood 1 & 2 1 30 Rabbits exposed 2 x ~fu/ml 11/12/1997 I 11/13/1997 Exp9snre 98-003 1 , Protof~J F0?-08 PI:L IVINS Tech: _ Ba Ames Stock RMR 1030 ....___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ Roomi!Hood 1 & 2 1 30 Rabbits exposed 2 x tor'ctu/ml . . I 11/18/1997 Exposure 98-004 1 Proto~q~o~J_.F~9~7~-~o~s~----~ PI: r----1 IVINS Tech: l Ba A~ock RMR 1030 Roomr---1 Hood 1 & 2, 30 Rabbits exposed 2 x ~u/ml The challenge on 11/18/1997 represents the last time RMR 1030 was utilized at USAMRIID and is the depletion of the RMR 1030 stock. Note: PROTOCOL.S USING Ba: 11 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012253Anthrax Page 633 of 1446 To: Re: . ... a W h ~ngton F~~ From: w h' t on as . as ~ng 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 F~eld~ o Protocol D98-03 Title: Detection of Bacillus anthracis from Nonhuman primates after Aerosol Exposure Using Non-invasive Methods of Sample Collection Objectives: The objectives of this study are to a) acquire noninvasive samples from B. anthracis nonhuman primates exposed to aerosolized B. anthracis spores in order to establish what specimens and when during the first 24 hours B. anthracis organisms can be recovered and b) to determine the applicability of current molecular and immunological methods for detecting B. anthracis in these types of samples. 5/13/1998 Exposure 98-035, Protocol D98-03 PI: I I Tech: I Dugw~Ames Stock ~----------------~ Rooml___j Hood 1, 8 NHPs exposed ::::10 LD 50 o This is the first aerosol challenge utilizing the "Dugway Material" according tol I There is no entry in Ivins' logs to indicate thatl 1was given a sample of RMR 1029 or that a sample was given out to anyone in this time period. There is no documentation to verify that this challenge utilized material from RMR 1029 or from any other material linked to Dugway. However, it is documented that RMR 1029 was the only Ames spore preparation containing Dugway Ames located at USAMRIID prior to the mailings. RMR 1030 did not contain Dugway material. b2 F Note: I ? From 9/30/1998 through 8/17/1999 there were 10 anthrax aerosol challenges completed, however, non-Ames strains were utilized. All of these challen9es listed either Ivins orl las the PI and I Ior I J as the aerosol technician. lwas~d as having been involved with the challenge on 10/14/1~98. These challenges were done as part of Proto~c~o~l~s----~ number F99-07 and B98-03. The Ba strains used included Protocol D99-02 Title: Collection of Positive Control Specimens for Development, Validation, and Fielding of Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of Bacillus anthracis Objective: The objectives of this study are to acquire biological samples (blood, plasma, and serum) from non-human primates exposed to B. anthracis by aerosol route in order to: 12 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012254Anthrax Page 634 of 1446 To: Re: ' W h J.ngton FJ.~ From: W h' as ' as J.ngton F1' eld. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 ~ Test and compare the following diagnostic assays: F Acquire~~alidation and check sameles Develop new, more sensitive B. anthracis detection technologies Search.for early pathologic, physiologic, or clinical disease markers that may support the results of various diagnostic assays or provide new diagnostic indices. Experimental Design: Nine anthrax-naive, non-human primates (possibly six additional animals see below) will be exoosed to i m:::ttelv n 9/14/1999 Exp1snre 99-044, ProtoloJ p99-j2 PI: I Tech: Ba AI:jtock 1029 Room Hood 1, 9 NHPs exposed 4.4 x cfu/ml, 10.0 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 13.8 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 10.8 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 13.8 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 10.8 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 11.2 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 13.8 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 7.4 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 11.2 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 7. 2 x 10 7 cfu/ml 13 b7C F USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012255Anthrax Page 635 of 1446 To: Re: ?A W h ~ng t on F ~e~ From: Wash;ngton F;eld. as ? o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Note: This is an aerosol challenge uji1izifg the "Dugway Material" according to_ _ There is no entry in the RMR Record for 1029 to indicate thatl I was given a sample of RMR 1029 or that a sample was given out to anyone in this time period. In an entry into one of Ivins' notebooks on 9/17/1998, he indicates that he provided! IGLP Ames spores for the aerosolization of monkeys. "GLP Ames" is another term used to reference RMR 1029. b'?C 10/15/1999 Exposure 00-0002, Protocol D99-02 PI : I I Tech: I I Ba Arp..e.s-.St:ock RoomL___J Hood 1, 3 NHPs exposed There is no entry in Ivins' logs to indicate thatl was given a sample of RMR 1029 or that a sample was given out to anyone in this time period. There is no documentation to veify that this challenge utilized material derived from RMR 1029 or in any way linked to Dugway. b2 Note: I Protocol B00-03 Title: Selection between two recombinant PA preparations for development of a potency assay and a correlate of immunity in rabbits. Objective: The first objective of this research is to determine in the rabbit aerosol challenge model the potency of two recombinant PA proteins when combined with Rehydragel adjuvant. The hypothesis is that there will be no difference in the potency of the two recombinant PA proteins. A second objective of the research is to determine the efficacy of the rPA vaccine and to evaluate the serological response to immunization by ELISA and toxin neutralization assay (TNA) to confirm the correlate of immunity in the rabbit. Experiment #1: I I F 14 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012256Anthrax Page 636 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fieldtlt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 b7F Fie~ Experiment #2: Potency assay and determination of an in vitro correlate with survival in rabbits receiving only 1 immunization of rPA. Experiment #3: Confirmation of Experiment #2 for verification of in vitro correlate measurements. Total number of rabbits: 90 15 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012257Anthrax Page 637 of 1446 To: Re: W h ~ng t on F ' l F rom: as . ~e ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Wash~ngton F4eld41t ~ b2 b7F Experiment #4: Reproducibility of in vitro correlate findings. Experiment #5: rPA vaccine efficacy study and development of an in vitro correlate with two (2) doses of rPA vaccine. - ~m.,.,..,fo :/1:6o l'l"'\nr-i rm;qtion of ,..,_ 'm1=:mt- #S I I 4/3/2000 Note: Part 1 of multi-part aerosol study (B00-03) 75 ml used It is assumed that this 75 ml was used for the 4/5/2000, 4/7/2000, and 4/10/2000 aerosol challenges. Exposure 00-022, Protocol B00-03 PI : I I Tech: Ba Ames Stock RMR 1029 ~----------~ 4/5/2000 I 16 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012258Anthrax Page 638 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fieldtlt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fi~ Roomc===J Hood 1 & 2, 40 Rabbits exposed 4/7/2000 Exposure 00-023, rrotocol B00-03 PI: I I Tech: L Ba Ames Stock RMR 10~2~9~--------------------~ Roomc===J Hood 1 & 2, 36 Rabbits exposed Exposure 00-024, Protocol B00-03 PI: I I Tech: I Ba Ames Stock RMR 10,~2~9~----------------~ Room Hood 1 & 2, 34 Rabbits expo~ed b7C 4/10/2000 D Aerosol logs show that a total of 110 animals were exposed during this part of study B00-03. 7/7/2000 Note: Part 2 of multi-part aerosol study (B00-03) 40 ml used It is assumed that this 40 ml was used for the 7/17/2000 and 7/18/2000 aerosol challenges. Exposure 00-039, PI: I I Tech:??~~ Ba Ames Stock RMR 1~~----------------~ Roomc==J Hood 1 & 2, 28 Rabbits exposed 3 x 10 9 cfu/ml This was the first aerosol challenge using the new collison nebulizers. Ex~~~~o~o_-~04~0~~ 7/17/2000 J::tocol BOQ-03 Note: 7/18/2000 PI Ba Protocol B00-03 Tech: 029 ~------------------~ 2, 28 Rabbits exposed Aerosol logs show that a total of 56 animals were exposed during this part of study B00-03. Protocol F00-11 Title: Efficacy and immune response of two lots of AVA in the rabbit model of inhalational anthrax. ? Objectives: 1. To determine if 2 lots of AVA (FAV 009 and FAV 032) made several years ago, are still efficacious in the rabbit model of inhalational anthrax. 2. To compare the immunogenicity of the 2 lots of AVA in the rabbit model. 17 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012259Anthrax Page 639 of 1446 To: Re: . Was h J.ngton FJ.e From: W h' t on F1'eld. as J.ng 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 ?I 12/4/2000 Note: Bioport Rabbit Challenge, 100 ml used It has been indicated byllthat F00-11 was a Bioport AVA study ~ted at USAMRIID. 12/5/2000 Exposure 01-012, PI :1 I Tech: I Protocol F00-11 I IVINS, Ba Ames Stock RMR 1029 Roomc===l Hood 1 & 2, 33 Rabbits exposed 12/7/2000 ~~~:sure ~1~~~~; I ~~~taco] 1 FQD-11 llrviNS, Ba ~mes sEock RMR 1U'~ Rooml !Hood 8, 32 Rabbits exposed Exposure 01-014, Protocol F00-11 12/11/2000 ~P~I~:.I_____.I~T~e~c~h~=~-----------r--~1 IVINS, ~~o:t:: 12/13/2000 32 Ra 1 s exposed Exposure 01-015, Protocol F00-11 I PI:~ Tech: I Ba ock RMR 1029 Room , Hood 8, 16 Rabbits exposed :tack j~o~~2i & 8 Aerosol logs show that a total of 113 animals were exposed during study F00-11. 4/6/2001. Note: Part 3 of multi-part aerosol study (B00-03) 60 ml used It is assumed that this 60 ml was used for the 4/10/2001 and 4/12/2001 aerosol challenges. 4/10/2001 18 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012260Anthrax Page 640 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fi~ I Field~ ~ BQ0-03 4/12/2001 Exposure 01-040, PI ; I I ~ech :1 Prot~col I _I IVINS 1 8 J . - - - -..... ~----~ Ba Ames Stock RMR 1029 Room I ~ Hood 1 27 Rabbits exposed & Aerosol logs show that a total of 55 animals were exposed during this part of study B00-03. Protocol BOl-07 Title: Evaluation of Antibiotic Treatments against Bacterial Biological Warfare Agents (anthrax, plague, glanders) in Mice. Objectives: Susceptibilities to current, and many new or experimental antibiotics, have been established in vitro for B. anthracis and B. mallei in our laboratory and this screening continues (attached manuscripts) . Antibiotic MICs for Y. pestis are currently being determined. The true test of the effectiveness of any antibiotic is the ability to contribute to a successful treatment in an infection model. The working hypothesis is that if B. anthracis, B. mallei or Y. pestis were used in a biowarfare/terrorist situation these microorganisms would most likely be resistant to the current antibiotics that are designated for treatment. The objective of this protocol is to identify additional antibiotics that could be used as alternate treatments should resistance to current treatments occur. Agents: Ames strain of B. anthracis Registry No. 2244 6/26/2001 I Exposure 01-065, Protocol B01-07 PI: I I Tech: Ba Ames Registry No. 2244 Roomc:::J Hood 1, 60 Mice exposed 1 X 10 4 1 X 10 5 1 X 10 6 1 X 10 7 1 and 1 x 10 9 I I I I I X 10 8 I Note: Antifoam was utilized as part of this aerosol challenge. There is no record in Ivins' logs to indicate thatI I was given any of RMR 1029 prior ~/2001. 7/9/2001 Note: Part?4 of multi-part aerosol study (B00-03) 50 ml used It is assumed that this 50 ml was used for the 7/10/2001, 7/11/2001, and 7/12/2001 aerosol challenges. 19 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012261Anthrax Page 641 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fieldtlt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fie~ 7/10/2001 Expopure 01-067, Protocol B00-03 PT o !. I IVINS Tech o I I Ba Ames 7/11/2001 b7F Stock RMR 1029 RoomO, Hood 8, 15 Rabbits exposed Exposure 01-068, Protoco~J,_B~0~0_-~0o3--------~ ~P~I~?~I_________.I.r~v.r~N~s~~T~e~c~h._?_._____________~FJ Ba Ames Stock RMR 1029 Roomc===J Hood 8, 14 Rabbits exposed 7/12/2001 B00-03 Aerosol logs show that a total of 58 animals were exposed during this part of study B00-03. 8/14/2001 Exposure 01-079, PrqtocoJ BOJ-07 PI : I I Tech: No. 2244 --:-::"-::-:------------~ Ba Ames Registry Rooml I Hood 1, 40 Mice exposed 1 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 1 x 10 8 cfu/ml, 1 x 10 9 cf1,1/ml, 1 x 10 10 cfu/ml !:-=I Note: Antifoam was utilized as part of this aerosol challenge. There is no record in Ivinso logs to indicate thatl lwas given any of RMR 1029,prior to 10/4/2001. b7C The 8/14/2001 aerosol challenge was the last aerosol challenge utilizing Ba Ames at USAMRIID prior to the anthrax mailing on September 17, 2001. ANTIFOAM: Antifoam was used in aerosol challenges when the challenge material contained large amounts of protein. For this reason, antifoam was used more often with various toxins and viral preparations rather than with bacteria. There were rare occasions that antifoam was added to the collison nebulizer in the challenges. It was added to the nebulizer if the nebulizer became foamy or gummy during a challenge. When antifoam was 20 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012262Anthrax Page 642 of 1446 ---------------------------------------------?To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fie~ Field~ added to the AGI, it settled to the top of the solution. The purpose of antifoam was to prevent bubbling inside the nebulizer or AGI which caused poor aerosolization, or material loss when the material stuck to the sides of the container. The primary aerosol technicians were questioned about the use of antifoam as part of the aerosol process. All commented that it was not standard operating procedure (SOP) to utilize antifoam with Ba. Because the Ba aerosols used only water in the process, there was not usually enough foam created to require the use of antifoam. b7C b7F b2 F The only documented uses of antifoam during Ba Ames aerosol challenges were on 6/26/2001 and 8/14/2001. Both of these challenges were conducted as part of Protocol B01-07 with las the PI for the study. The aeros~chnicians who ran 1.....:-t'"'!'"h-e-c~hallenges were I lon 6/26/2001 andl__j on 8/14/2001. When questioned about the instances, both technicians commented that antifoam was~utilized at the request ofl ldid not recall requesting the use of antifoam. 21 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012263Anthrax Page 643 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Field41t 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fi~ On the 6/26/2001 challenge, the concentrations of the Ba suspensions placed into the nebulizers were 1 x 10 4 cfu/ml, 1 x 10 5 cfu/ml, 1 x 10 6 cfu/ml, 1 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 1 x.10 8 cfu/ml, and 1 x 10 9 cfu/ml. Each run exposed 10 mice at a time. The Aerosol Description Form noted that "AGis contained 10 ml of PBS and 40 microliters of antifoam agent". In the 8/14/2001 challenge, the concentrations of the Ba suspensions placed into the nebulizers were 1 x 10 7 cfu/ml, 1 x 10 8 cfu/mlr 1 x 10 9 cfu/ml, 1 x 10 10 cfu/ml. It was noted on the Aerosol Exposure Sheet for run 4. "lots of foam". The Aerosol Description Form prepared b-yi lnoted that "AGis were supplemented wilh 40 microliters 1:5 dilution antifoam + 10 ml PBS provided by Each of the 4 runs exposed 10 mice at a time. I All of the aerosol technicians said that they would have noted on the challenge paperwork whether or not they had used antifoam dur,ng ar aerosol challenge, however( they would not have informed or the Pis of the use of antifoam unless specifically asked. Ifl lor the Pis read the log notes, they would have known whether or not the emulsion was used. Difficulty was encountered during aerosol challenges when a high concentration of the challenge agent was present in the nebulizer, or when the challenge agent possessed a high protein content, or when the collection material in the AGI contained a high protein concentration. Bubbling of the challenge agent in the nebulizer interfered with aerosolization, thus diminishing the effectiveness of the challenge. During aerosol challenges of substances with high protein concentrations, bubbling often occurred in the AGI and material was sucked into the vacuum tube attached to the AGI. As a result, erroneous post-challenge concentrations were obtained. A lipid emulsio~ was used to prevent the bubbling. An antifoam emulsion was preferred; however, if antifoam was unavailable, olive oil was used as an alternative. The aerosol technicians preferred not to alter or add to the biological material provided by the investigator; however, successful completion of some aerosol challenges necessitated the addition of a lipid emulsion. If necessary, the antifoam emulsion was added to the nebulizer. During anthrax challenges, a clumpy, flocculent, snow-like, milk~ material built up on the glass walls of the nebulizer. I !attributed this occurrence to the high concentration o the anthrax slurry placed in the nebulizer. Occasionally antifoam emulsion was added to the nebulizer to minimize bubbling and clumping of the anthrax. Approximately 4050 ML of antifoam were added to the nebulizer. The use of b7C 22 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012264Anthrax Page 644 of 1446 To: Re: a W h J.ng t on F' ... From: WashJ.'ngton F1'eld4lt as . J.~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 antifoam emulsion did not interfere with the function of the cipritube jets. Technicians were careful to add minimal amounts of the antifoam emulsion, as the addition of excessive antifoam emulsion to the nebulizer increased the viscosity of the biological material to theJ?oint of interferevce with effective aerosolization. lnoted that up tol emulsion may have been use~J.n the nebulizer d~u-r~ing__ __ s_o_m_e p~1~a--g-u-e~ __ aerosol challenges. I For anthrax challenges, the AGI collection solution was 1 It was noted that antifoam ~e~m=u~r~s~J.~o=n=-~w~a~s~n~o~t~a=-=n~e~c~e~s~s~a~r~y~=a~adaition to the AGI for anthrax experiments, as the water did not bubble enough to disrupt the impingement process. The general SOP for conducting an aerosol challenge contained instructions for the use of antifoam emulsion; however, the SOP did not mention the option to use olive oil. An enlisted person ordered the antifoam through the USAMRIID supply system. The consistency of the antifoam was very thick and similar to that of mayonnaise. Due to the high viscosity of the antifoam, it was difficult to pipette. As a result, the antifoam was added to the PBS. The antifoam emulsion was mixed by estimation and not measured exactly. Antifoam was never used in the concentrated form during aerosol challenges. The dilution of the antifoam with PBS was done in the laminar flow hoods in rooror---l The diluted antifoam emulsion was stored in an amber bottrein roomc:::J of Building I I The aerosol technicians sometimes made a large volume of the antifoam emulsion, which was stable for weeks. Eventually, the antifoam separated from the rest of the solution; however, shaking the bottle re-mixed the solution. F b6 b7F OLIVE OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIFOAM: 23 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012265Anthrax Page 645 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fieldtlt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 Fie~ O The option of using olive oil as a substitute for antifoam was not common knowledge at USAMRIID. I learned froml I that[:] could use olive oil in~s-t~e-a~a--o~f~~ antifoam. There are several accounts of bottles of Bertelli and ei olive oil being maintained on the hot side of Building in one of the aerosol rooms. I I stated that a le of Bertelli olive oil was kept ~n the preparation rooms used by the Aerobiology group in Building! lused extra virgin olive oil; however, the brand or type of olive oil did not matter. There was not a particular reason as to why extra virgin olive oil was used. ~--------~lnoted that olive oil could be used instead of antifoam and was sometimes used in the AGis at USAMRIID. No . documentation was found to suggest that olive oil was ever used in an Ames aerosol challenge. The amount of olive oil used in a challenge was only a drop. The olive oil was purchased from a local grocery store or possibly from the commissary at Fort Detrick and was not ordered through USAMRIID's purchasing system. I lstated that he always used glass bottles of olive oil and could not recall ever using a plastic bottle. I !indicated that the bottles of olive oil were small. One bottle of olive oil was kept on the cold side of Buildingr----lin roomr---land another bottle stored on the hot side in tEe-glassware ~et in room r---l Extra bottles of olive oil were not maintained by the ~iology group in Building! I It has been stated that when olive oil was used in the aerosol challenges, it was added without prior mixing with any other solution. A 1 ml plastic pipette was used to remove olive oil directly from the bottle. One drop of olive oil was added to the material in the AGI. noted that one (1) bottle of olive oil lasted for years before being emptied; however, bottles occasionally disappeared. Antifoam was taken from the laboratory by other personnel much more often than was the olive oil. ICE: b7C b7c I Ice was used frequently in the process of handling the material used in the aerosol challenges. Samples were typicall maintained in ice baths prior to use. Ice machines in ro~o~m~--~~ and in the hallway between roomsc=:JandC::] in Building were the sources of the ice used. Commercially purchase~~~~c~e~? never used. If the machines in Building! lwere not functioning, the technicians used one of the machines in Building I 24 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012266Anthrax Page 646 of 1446 To: Re: d W h ~ng t on F' ... From: Wash;ngton as . ~~ o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 1/11/2006 F;eld~ o ACCESS: In order to evaluate the access to the Ames material used in the aerosol challenges, a review of the electronic entry logs into Buildingr---lat USAMRIID for the period from 00:02 on August 1, 1998 untrr-JJl:OOAM on October 9, 2001 was completed. August 1, 1998 is the first entry in the electronic entry logs for Building! I at USAMRIID. 11:00AM on October 9, 2001 was identified as the close of the window of opportunity for mailing the anthrax laced letters to Senators Daschle and Leahy. This review showed that 300 i~fiable individuals entered or attempted to enter roomsl__j and/orc::J (the male and female change rooms with keypads into the hot side), or utilized the keypads in either of those rooms during the period of review. Another thirty(30) individuals utilized the access points but used non-identifiable badges or non-identifiable personal identification numbers (PINs) . Below are the names of persons who accessed the hot side of Building I I during this period prior to the mailings. This list includes security guards, computer specialists, housekeeping personnel, equipment repair specialists, laboratory technicians and researchers. The technicians and researchers are from various fields including bacteriologists, virologists, and toxinologists. It should be noted that several aspects of the time frame RMR 1029 was stored in Buildingc===J are still under intense investigation. b7C 25 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012267Anthrax Page 647 of 1446 ?'' 'o o\ I 1 II o ' ~~ ',.L'-' 'o ' ' ~' . _,, o']:' ??-30-? --~ : ?. ,. ''' ' ' ' . ' oI" \ ' ' 'I I ,I , r o I ~ ?:?., ( o ~~ J I ?\ 'I I I .o1 'o o,! I l ~ 1 I ~ ! ! ';, ' ,o, '~ ' 'o o' I I >I . :' ' I ,~ ' \, t '', I '' ,, '?.~' i, .,1 ' \ 'i l /" .:'' .\ I ., ~j ,I' ' ., r',, I fl,, t'.l.. \ \' L .' USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012268Anthrax Page 648 of 1446 I ~ o ,_ . , ' ' ,t:' .,,1 ~ ,~: l, \ j t I I J' II ' . 'o > <',II< ' -;?.,c., '? j !I:. )'I II o,' ,. Ill ?'' ,. :1 f ) ~ho. .. ? ,. l .,. '11' ' >, '!' I ~ .. ~?~' ? " :r \ I r, i : )' ~r o'\tl ' '' ' 'ro\ ' 1 1 Iii : ~ ?... > ' ,, ,., 'l? I I I J I' '/'o' ,o, ,., '?, 1 .,, r' ,11 t,o I I ~ ~ I ~. o', ; )I ,,. '\-1 r', ,' I + ~ -':. \ I I ' I ~< ,'I' 'I ' I i I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012269Anthrax Page 649 of 1446 ~ o : t .; ,/ /. ; ' If.'' . o, ''l ?' -32- ?i? ',' 'o. \\ '??1'1 . I \ ',, -._ I o~ I ; \, o~ ' I .i ' . 1 I ~ , ' '? .? ' o,1 1,' ,J,o o' ~ .' 'f r ~ ,o .. 'o, ., ';;, l: ) ~EP . ~~ ~: ~ .2"'?Y' ., ~?t " : .,., , r1t o ' 1~' ? L,,\ 1' ~ l(ht 1.~.1} .r~ 1,~).1,... 1 ,, ' ,, d " USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012270Anthrax Page 650 of 1446 o~ (Rev. 01-'31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 01/11/2006 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 .b7C Contact: Approved By: SA b6 Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDV (Pending)Title: \~to% AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 To provide a periodic update for the 'ongoing project to review USAMRIID laboratory notebooks. This update summarizes information obtained from numerous laboratory notebooks belonging to various researchers and found in either the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) library or in the individual resea.rcher' s office or space. Synopsis: Reference: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 882 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1131 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 1179 Enclosure(s): Enclosed is a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet listing numerous reviewed laboratory notebooks. ..' Details: Numerous notebooks with entries from various USAMRIID researchers were reviewed. Numbers were assigned by the USAMRIID library to all laboratory notebooks issued to Principal Investigators. These notebooks were reviewed to identify any individuals who had access to Bacillus anthracis (Ba) Ames and were not already under investigation, previously-unknown places where Ba Ames was stored, people within USAMRIID or people and places outside USAMRIID to whom Ba Ames was distributed by this research group, and any other details of interest. Notebooks are mentioned in this communication only if pages of possible investigative interest were copied; these notebooks, along with notebooks with no pages of possible investigative interest, are listed on the enclosed ~preadsheet and located on the 11 S" drive under 11 Notebook Compilation". Notebook! !was issued April 5, 2000 to~~~~~~--~ and was entitled~~--------------------~~ Page 1 revealed that on USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012271Anthrax Page 651 of 1446 .t To: ?Re: Washington Field ...rom: 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 Was~~ngtb~ Field b7C approximately June 12, 2000,1 !received a Bacillus subtilis (Bs) plasmid, pUB110, from Bruce Ivins for DNA wor~ was performing. I Notebo s issued A ril 5, 2000 tol and was entitled On approx~mately June 28, 2000 received Ames spores rom Ivins at a concentration of 3 x 10 10 for two experiments: to demonstrate killing with fixative and for determination of intracellular survival growth of anthrax within a host. On July 10, 2000, I I received more Ames spores from Ivins at the same concentration as above. The experiment! I was conducting was to demonstrate complete killing of anthrax spores with EM universal fixative. Page 24 of this notebook is a copy of the Reference Material Receipt (RMR) record for RMR 1029. This record shows the stfragj location of RMR 1029 spores to be Building! I Room The last date of RMR 1029 transfer shown in this notebook is July 7, 2000. Moreover, the previously documented arithmetic error, in which Ivins subtracted 6 milliliters from 994 milliliters and recorded the difference as 888 milliliters, is present inl !notebook. r -........._ _ ____,N~otebookl I was i ssned July 5, 2001 to I ~~-~~-~~and was entitled! I Page 17, dated 11 I b7F 3/18/3 [sic] , contains an entry stating Examined ~-Ames strain (given to me byl I [wr~ter is unable to fully decipher]) for 11 PX02 loci ... Notebook! :was issued February 4, 1983 tor---l was entit1eaj !obtained BaTme"i from Bruce Ivins and perform a a KOCKec Immunoe ectrophoresis on March 7, 1983 with the Ames. Another Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis was performed with Ames on March 22, 1983. It is unknown whether Ivins provided this Ames as well. ~--__.1 and p Notebook! was issued October 16, 1995 to ~---~bnd was entitled~I______ An entry ~.rit-hin rp.'"ns: I I An itinerary of the visit of the above Technological Cooperation Subcommittee followed, revealing that the event took 2 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012272Anthrax Page 652 of 1446 f.J o r " ?To: Re: Washington F . d From: "Washington Fiel. 279A-WF-222936 01/11/2006 1 -------t~J~o~t~e?h~qokr---lwas issued May 5, 1992 tol and I J 'an~ entitled I I Four pages contained loosely within provided experiments conducted. and the dates of the experiments for Note:ooksl I J andl.__ ___. Notebook! lwas issued August 16. 1993 and was entitled! llsted a fermentation procedure conducted April 13 Sterne (pPA102)CR4#2 and antifoam. I tfl 1 Page 10 1993 using I ~- Notebookc===J was issued September 23, 1992 to land was entitled~~------------------------------~1 One ~e-n~t-r~y~f~o~r gel preparations listed directions for lyophilizing ~Sterne samples in a speed vac. Notebook! lwas issued August 17, 1993 tol and was entitled I I .--w.u.l.o..l...?...,was an experiment entitled "Antifoam Com atibilit and Antifoam C." b6 I b7C b7 .----------..., Notebook! .andl 1 lwas issued November 2 1994 to I I and was entitled! ~A~u-g_u_s~t~9~ 1994 [writer is aware that this da~t~e-p r_e_c_e~d-e-s~tTh~e __ 1 listed notebook issue date] reveals that fractions of PA were lyophilized. 1 b7C Notebook ued June 7 2000 to~ /------------,--=---------ro----:-------~" nd was ent it 1 ed An experiment was conducted on April 3 1 I 1 2001 with I 3 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012273Anthrax Page 653 of 1446 .To: ?Washington Field Re: 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 Jltm: Washingto~ , .(j (j Field two of 11 Itaios Ames mutants 11 filtration. involving X-linking using gel tol entry 1ste a copy o Iv1ns' Reference Material~~~e~c~e~1~p~tr-~Record (RMR) 1029, in which the spores ~tored~8 degrees ? Celsius in 1% phenol in Buildingl___j Rooml___j In addition, Ivins' RMR 1029 spore stock was obtained for preparation of Ames vegetative stock. The stock was then electroporated. The experiment details have been abbreviated here, but the ?full experiment was copied by writer and is available for review. rone _l b7C b7F ~----------~Noteb9akl issued November 21, 2001 to~~------~ . and was entitled I I The ~n-0-t~e-b~o-o~k--c~ontained experiments conducted in an attempt to determine virulence defects in attenuated strains of Ea. further determined that I andL ~~~as In a 1t1on, severa A-Ames-1 samp es were sent on Apr1l 8, 2002 to I lfor Multi-locus Variable Number ?Tandem Repeat Analysis typing. All samples were received from eiJher~~----~lor I ~writer believ~s this is I I ~--------~Nftebookl ~--------~-and I Entitled: lwas issued July 11, 2003 tol ] I and was entitled ~'-~-------~One page contained a small table, reproduced below: 'r-1 Sigma Materials for air pouch - early germination b7F 11 Notebook 4103, issued to Bruce Ivins and entitled Anthrax Study B98-03 11 , contained an October 27, 1998 entry in? 4 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012274Anthrax Page 654 of 1446 ~ " To: . Washington Field.rom: Washington Field ? Re: 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 e which Ivins calculated the amount of Ames spores which equaled a certain amount of Ba Zimbabwe spores. Notebook 4306, issued to Bruce Ivins on August 28, 2000 and entitled "Anthrax", contained experiments on various topics, including the comparison of Ba Vallum 1B on MicroDiagnostics Nutrient Agar versus Difco Nutrient Agar, the effect of temperature on spore counts of Vollum 1B, and whether Solid Agar medium was suitable for growing the Ba, strain V770-NPI-R. An experi:ent was ~o~ducted as a result of a conversation Ivins had with a ! ~ J who advised that the United States Department of Agriculture USDA) freezes anthrax spores at 70 Celsius in 50% glycerol. Ivins wanted to determine whether 100%, 50%, and 25% glycerol solutions in water froze at -70 Celsius. Also contained in the notebook was an experiment to determine loss of counts due to transfer of spores from one tube to another. A I Iwas mentioned in this experiment. Another experiment 1nvolved spore counts on plates spread to dryness versus counts on plates not spread to dryness. Notebook! l issued to Bruce Ivins on June 8, 2000, with entries byl lwas entitled I I This notebook included spore-related studies on the effects of storage conditions on spore counts in suspension (on Difco tryptic soy agar) , spore counts on different solid media (tryptic soy agar, nutrient broth agar, BHI agar, capsule agar, sheep blood agar, and chocolate agar) percent encapsulation of spores in preps (on capsule agar), pour plate versus spread plate comparisons (on nutrient agar; procedure written by BioPort), and percent of spores in preps that? are refractile or non-refractile. Assisting with the BioPort study werel I I 1. It is unclear where thesel individuals were employed. ~----~ Iand ~l~y-o-p~h~i~l~1zed On . Notebook! lwas issued January 3, 1978 tro~l_____._, was entitled "Pathogenesis of Anthrax." I an ampule of an unknown substance on~~--._--------~--~ lyophilized a Ba Sterne sample. ::::::::::1 and was study involving Notebook I I was j ssned December 18 1 ~79 to ent'rt:'I'ed I A vacc1ne a MDPH (now BioPort) antigen was conduct,~, in which the antigen was adsorbed onto alhydrogel. _then gave samples from the above to l and to for EF analysis. l" I I I I I I I One page from Notebook I Iwas coaied after a summary EC was written reg,rdinJ the~ of !laboratory notebooks. Notebook was issued July 5 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012275Anthrax Page 655 of 1446 .. ~I To: ? Washington Field ~om: Wasnington Field ?Re: 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 11, 1983 and was entitled! One page described the isolation of Ba strain Vollum-1 in January 1948 in Onderstepoort, South Africa. Another Ba strain, G28, was isolated in 1939 in South Africa. Notebook jwas issued November 18, 1983 to and was entitled_ describes obtaining Ba toxins from R-medial cultures from on April 2f 1984. Several toxin strains, including Ames, were obtained by_ 1 A March 27, 1984 entry describes an aerosol challenge us~ng ~DPH and Sterne spore-immunized guinea pigs. A similar experiment was conducted between February 28 and April 101 1984, and on June 20, 1984. Noteboo March 17 1993 tor and was entitled ~?~v~~~n~s~m~a~a~e~~a~n~ entry into this no , , ~n w ~ch he described combining polyclonal antisera, along with sera from guinea pigs immunized with Sterne and then challenged with Ames, in an effort to protect the guinea pigs from the challenge. I I I ....__----:___.1 and Notebook! was issued Se tember 30 was ent it 1 ed ...._--:::----::--""F""------"""'-~--....----1 received six fermenter samples from information about the samples was pr~o~v~~~~~----~ Notebookl lwas issued Se and was entitled I other ~u-s_e_d~R~MR 1029 Ames spores ~n- 3, xper~ment 6, w~th results provided in the form of a table. The"experiment was a rabbit immunogenicity study seeking the effects of alhydrogel. ka: i:~~e: I andNotebook! was entitled! .,. I Oc:ober 30. 2003 to,l____._~ I ~.-1 _ _ __ _ . Nofehoakl lwas issued April 4: 1985 [year was rather obscured] to_ and was entitled! . I I obtained Ames and oth~r trains from Iv~ns on June 8, 1987 to B prepare stock plates in I lthen ran the samples through a gel electrophoresis. obtained more Ames samples from Ivins at a later date to test t em against different PCR primers. r----l also streaked 5% sheep blood plates using four samples from~ bacterial stock cultures. One of these samples was BA0076, or ~- Ames-1. The experiment details have been abbreviated here, but the full experiment was copied by writer and is available for review. I b2 F 6 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012276Anthrax Page 656 of 1446 ~ To': ?Washington Field . .om: Washington Field 'Re: 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 o I Notebook! land was entitledl lwas issued tol Not~e~b~o~o~k~l--~l~w~a~s~i~ssued July 30, 1990 tol was entitled I I I land I Not~e~b~o~o~k~~~---Liw~a~s~issued Anril 16 1992 tor was entitled I I-I ~----~----~1 1 land One step in the experiment 1nvolved lyophilizin~ the } samples. ~and was entitled I 1-1 ! ~~ples were again lyophilized, althou~g-h--1~.t--d--o-e~s and I Not~bookl lwas issued April 16, 1992 tol not appear that Ames was a strain~in the experiment. A-Ames was one of the samples with whichl___jhad been previously working. On or about September 11, 1993r----l had a problem with Ames contamination and decided to filter-~ize all solutions from Ivins and stay out of Ivins' lab as much as possible. No other information regarding this contamination was provided. Notebook 1549 was issued March 31, 1981 to Oliver Mikesell and was entitled 11 Anthrax. 11 On September 25, 1981, Mikesell conducted a plasmid isolation experiment utilizing Ba Sterne ard Ames. A previously-unidentified j ndi -sri jual assisted with this experiment.! _also assisted with two similar experiments, conducted February 10, 1982 and July 2, . 1982, and located in Notebook~ and respect1 vely. ? ? I . ,I I I I I. Notebook 1757, issued to Oliver Mikesell on March 24, 1983 and entitled 11 Anthrax 11 , contained media recipes for Denhardt's Solution, a 11 pPA26 probe 11 recipe, and a 11 4x probing solution 11 o Notebook! lwas issued October 7, 1980 tol and was entitled 11 Anthrax. 11 A previously-unidentified.____________---! 7 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012277Anthrax Page 657 of 1446 To: ? Washington Field 'Re: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 ~om: ~ ~ Notebook! lwas issued October 18, 1988 tol I and was entitled . I On October 18, 1988,1 I ~r=a=n=--a~el on digests of PX02 DNAs of A-Ames from eitherl~--~b~,wn--~ stock or from Ivins. I lalso received liauid Ames froml I lon or about October 23, 1988. I d Notebook 1812 was issued July 25, 1983 tol and was entitled! Page 18 lists a recipe fori I r I 17 1987 to On November 9, 1987, experiment using Ivins' A-Ames-1. an Notebook! lwas issued October 10l 1987 tol and had no title. On January 20, 1988,~~~~~~~-----L~ 8 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012278Anthrax Page 658 of 1446 I\ ? ?To: Re: Washington F . d From: ', Wasliington Fiel. 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 b7C Notebo<;lkl lwas issued May 12 1 1988 to and was entitled I On August 22, 1988~~1~~--~~~f-r_o_z_e----~ Sterne R medium supernatant from a lyophilizer bottle. On August 30, 1988 1 ! !conducted an experiment on DNA gel with Bruce Ivinso electroeluted A-Ames PX02. I lalso lyophilized Sterne R medium supernatant. On December 13 1 1988,1 !conducted an experiment with Ba strain UM23-1 1 received from~~------------------~ T I Notebook! !was issued December 14 1 1988 to~!----~ and was entitled! I Page 9 delineates an experiment in which Ames spore stock from I I was used. On March 13 1 1989 1 1 Iran a DNA gel using Ivinso A-Ames DNA. I Notebook I I was issued Noye:t 20 1 1989 t~ was entitled[ tI showed that received 11 strains 11 f r o m j a n streaked t e stra1ns on March 15 (year unknown). Page 58 revealed that the 11 strains 11 from! !included A-Ames-1 and A-Ames 1 I, 8. I and and was issued May 2, 1990 to Page 2 revealed that~--------------~~ was issued February 22, 1991 tol I I ~----~ 9 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012279Anthrax Page 659 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 F~d 'J Fiel~ b7C ~~~n~t~e-r_e_s~t-,~1~a~b-o~ratory activities occurring during September and I Finally, while not otherwise of investigative October 2001 were copied by writer to provide records of what was taking place during that time. ~--------~N~o~t~e~b~ookl lwas issued October 25. 1999 tol I was entitled! I In a memorandum dated December 9, 1999, ~t was revealed tn~t had the anthrax vaccine. On December 16, 1999, wrote had archived all data from 11 anthrax noteb in o~. Furthermore,rl advised~ lon December 29, 1999 that had reorganized~ !reprints for both anthrax and plague. separated the plague and anthrax articles from each other and within those groups.r==] organized the reprints. I and I ~--~--~land was enti~t~l-e~d~~~~~~~~~~-=~ Notebook I to I I advised I on September 19, 2000 tha from the South loading doc package was given. a personal package information about the ?a ~-=---~1 and was issued Se~tember 19, 2001 to I was entitled The first entry of note was October 17-18, 2001, in wh~ch Ba Ames was run on PCR. Notebook I Iand l I I and I reve;:) from I Notebook! ~=> 1;:::) as issued Mar 8. 2002 tol lana was entitled I Page ~~ e 20, 2002, Ames spore extracts were taken !freezer stocks as qerminated samples. I I I Notebook I I was issued March 7. 1989 to! II land was entitled I r I ~----~-and I Notebook! lwas issued March 23. 1990 to~~----~--~--~ was entitled! On Page 65,~~------~ I 10 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012280Anthrax Page 660 of 1446 To: ? Washington Field 'Re: 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 ~om: Was~~ngton Field ~ ~1------~~~~~~~~~~~-----,~~~~1 Page ~----~ lreceJ.ved. b.-Ames trom1 ~----~ 6/ snows cnac 1on AprJ.l 18, 1990. Notebookl lwas issued July 12, 1990 t;=.:.: .:. .a.ol________....,_l land was entitled! I" I r dated April 16, 1991, lists various strairn~s~f~r~o~m~~----~---------Jr strain notebook, as well as strains froml~------------....1I Notebook I was i ssned Nmrember and was entitled I ~----~was conductin work with Ames as well. I , I Paae ~0, 1994 td 1 sh~o-w_s t~h-a-t~ __ .______~I Notebook I I wa-s issued August 15, ,1991 to [ and was entitled I 1o A page on spore formation appears to be written in Bruce Ivinso handwriting. fictional s formation of I b7F issued Mar'ch J.S an ~----~~and was entitled! lwas issued November 22, 1996 to~------~ r Inside was a memorandum dated January 28, 199'7 from NotebooW ._1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...... 1 11 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012281Anthrax Page 661 of 1446 ~ l\ To: ' ?washington Field &m: washington Field Re: 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 o b7C F I. con~aJ.nea: I The llaboratorv folders, named a paper enEitledl I I r next page in the folder listed the Ba straJ.ns tested, which included an environment isolate referred to as I Another J.solate was referred to as r-----------------,~-,~a=n~a:~w~a~s listed as being of unknown origin. I Anoth~r laborator folder assigned tal ~as entitled I j the name was handwritten across the front with the telephone number Inside was a USAMRIID Form 11-R, showing that on May 15, hand-carried 100 milliliters of Ba DNA from the sterility checked D.- Sterne strain to Building Fort Detrick, Maryland. D Notebook! lwas issued September 21, 1992 tal land was entitled! I The following indivi~d-u-a~1-s----~ ~w-e_r_e~t~h~anked byl !during an apparent presentation on an overhead projector for the following reasons: I I r----------L------------~~1 was referenced in this no~ebook as establishing thatl lisl ~------~ 12 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012282Anthrax Page 662 of 1446 il ' To: Re: Washington From: Wash{ngton 279A-WF-222936, 01/11/2006 FiJil Field~ Notebook 4201 was issued August 25, 1999 tol land was entitled! I Inside~w-a_s a----~ __ ~m-e_m_o_r_a_n~dum of agreement between I Iandi Iof I lwas to provide USAMRIID with potential therapeutic compounds (or polyamides) to be tested against Ba. These compounds were potential novel therapeutics for the treatment of anthrax. Should information be developed in the course of the anthrax investigation to suggest that other laboratory notebooks exist for the above-named researchers or if it is determined that additional laboratory notebooks for other USAMRIID researchers merit review, then a separate EC will be written and the "Notebook Compilation" folder on the "S" drive will be updated as needed. ? oo 13 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012283Anthrax Page 663 of 1446 ,FQ.:-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .~. - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C Date of transcription 01/23/2006 social security nu~ rwas interviewed at f employment, the Unite States Army Medical Research ~tute of Infect,ious Diseases (USAMRIID) . Fort Detrick, Maryland, work telephone number! After being advised of the idlntjtjes of the interv~ew~ng agents and the purpose of the interview_ provided the following information: n January 23, 2006,~ ldate of birth I I Investigation on ----~~-------- 01/23/2006 at Fort Detrick, Maryland File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ~~I -\% I Date dictated ~-------------------- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012284Anthrax Page 664 of 1446 Fp-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo o ~-------------?On 01/23/2006 ,Page--=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~--~~never lyophilized samples, and did not recall ever seeing a lyophilizer in the hot suites.! ~elieved it would be too risky to move samples from the hot suites to the cold side, where the lyophilizer was kept, for lyophilization. I L would have kept any and all shipping forms related eo rece1pts of Ba strains. I !during 1990-1991, and may have received a packet o f Q t information froml Alternatively, BRUCE IVINS or rna have received th1s pac et of information. wil rev1ewO files and recontact the ncr agents 1t is able to find a packet of information froml I ! intervi~"'~'ri I a USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012285Anthrax Page 665 of 1446 Fp-3.02a (R'ev. 10-6-95) oo o , Page _....;;3;:........_ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ __J----------- ,On 01/2 3 /2 0 0 6 Everyone worked in Suite during the time~~~~accessed Suite used the autoclave, and there were rio animal caretakers~------r----~~~----~~-~ To destroy Ames samples for any?reason, simply poured bleach on the sample and then autoclaved the~--~~ Within the....---~----.=---r-~~-~l,i_t was Igenjral knowledge that Ba Ames was stored in suitest=Jand After .___ _~Iandi paper with mention of Ames was publis.hed in 1986 or 1987 an one could have extra olated where Ames was stored, also noted that ~~~~~~~~~~~~~e~y~w~a~s~n~e~e~~e~~o~a~c~c~e~s~s~~e~hot suites. individual had wandered into the hot suites in that the emphasis thereafter was on using keys to keep individuals from just walking into the hot suites. l I 1 Suite Dor-c:=:J I lhad never heard ~knew of no dry or powder work ever conducted in the names 1 _ _ _ _ _ ___.1 .... o~~----~ b7C I ldid not remember signing any paperwork in order to receive A~m~e~s~s~a~m~ples from IVINS. The process of receiving Ames from IVINS wa irly informal, and involve~---~simply telling IVINS tha needed Ames. B the time 'ng Ames from IVINS, sprays. ~ so IVINS ,____ _ _....... USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012286Anthrax Page 666 of 1446 ~D-~02a (Rev. 10-6-95) ~o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -1....__________.1----------- , On 01 /2 3/2 0 0 6 , Page --4-- Sometimes! lwould be p7es~~n~t~.fo~r~l.___ _~?~sprays, and sometimes IVINSI Jwould adv~set fthat he or she did not have to be present. c==J I !received a Top Secret clearance inl !although did no~t--t~a-k~e~a polygraph to receive this clearance. I I opined thatc==J background investigation was conducted by the U.S. Army. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012287Anthrax Page 667 of 1446 '-.' I 0 I 16:302 (Rev. 10-6-95) I - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/18/2006 D Investigation on File# by s s 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- Date dictated L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~r---------------------------- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012288Anthrax Page 668 of 1446 F~302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID b7C 1 - - - - - - - - - - , On 01/18 /2 0 0 6 , Page _.....:2=--- ~=========~~~a-n~d~s~ome !conducted some Bacillus anthracis (Ba) wo~ Ba protective antig~PA) toxin work. has never worked with the Ames strain, tol__j knowledge, and as not been vaccinated against Ba since approximatelyj lhas never entered any hot suites or Suites! I I 2003, _ _ ____,,.... used these never dried a live or whole organism in a lyophilizer or speed vac. r I ~...-I ~~~_w~~proximately USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012289Anthrax Page 669 of 1446 FEl-302a (Rev. I0-6-95) . o b7C ~----------------~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 1----------- , On 01/18 /2 0 0 6 , Page _....:3=--- I lnot know anyone who was familiar with or capable of weaponization techniques . ..---------.1 was I ~a~b-0-u~t--a~certain political party or politician. unaware of anyone who had made any negatjye remarks I I believed that people with an inclination to tse n gative political views would probably not talkl did not suspect anyone of mailing the anthrax-laced letters. J ~had heard no gossip around USAMRIID that IVINS was the anthrax mafler, but knew that !worried about being a suspect. ! b e l i e v e d IVINS would not want to jeopardize the U.S., and that if the mailer had mailed ~he letters to achieve money and power, he or she would not still be at USAMRIID. IVINS always followed procedure, and was very supportive, scientifically, of his subordinates. I lnever socialized wjth IVINS after work. 1 r not recall meeting! lbut had heard say thatl 1 was~,-,w-e-~-?r--d-.-~~------~ ~------~~--~~~d~id ~----------------~r USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012290Anthrax Page 670 of 1446 FD-3'02a (Rev. 10-6-95) ' t o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _j""'-------------1~--------- ,On 01/18/2006 ,Page .........;.=4=--- connections .___ ___.I had no personal nor professional ;:mn knF>w nn rmA r.rhli rli ~ NF>w ,TpraAv I I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012291Anthrax Page 671 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o IDJC."'IFIED DATE 12-15-20 Y ba<oJ/dl.:/c1s - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of tran cription 01/24/2006 b6 ~----------------,_--.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ interviewed at ._, Ro9~fi~~~~~~wrn~Wffi~~~~ ~~ited States Ar~~s Medical Res.:, c . th I P~EUR,~o ...,~~~..~'>?.l,~.... After be1ng adnsed o e iaentities f the interviewing agent and the nature of the interview, provided the following information: , _nsti~f~~- ~~-J;J)l",l'! _, ..J I I has at ~,s >~VJk' ?ro ?rnm1 I ~~--------~------~---~~~---~---------------~---~~------~~1 These documents are located ~n the corresponding 1A envelope. ,..:::::::.:.a;::..;;:;.;:;...:.;;;;;;..=..=;.L.L.__,_---l rl:-1-l-.L.....I...I.I..I..Irh the obtained ._I ~----_.land D the Ba Ames spores from BRU~:J;:?J:~'C'J I /. Investigation on ----~~-------- 01/20/2006 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA PI This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your .--~t.:..---------..:;;..__, it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012292Anthrax Page 672 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L__________ j - - - - - - - - - , On 01/2 0 /2 0 0 6 , Page _....:2=--- ~----~lhas only obtained om IVINS. On one occasion,~~~~--~ requested anthrax from but never received it. IVINS directly provided the Ba intended for use in the exposures, to the Aerobiology group. believes that IVINS provided the diluted material to the 10 ogy.group in 15 mililiter (ml) conical tubes. Each of t ese aero ol exposures took place in Building! IRooml l~t the completion of the exposures, the nebulizers were placed into di infectant and then autoclaved. Neitherl I nor IVINS han 1 ed the nebulizers after the exposure. The all-glass impingers (AG s) from the exposures were given to either BRUCE IVINS The Ba from AGis w e r e Q pJ a teo out by either IVIN in Room c:=J of BulldinF I Tindicated that IV S "owned 11 Roomc=J of Building ur1ng this period time, but sin~en the Aerobiology group has grown and taken control of Rooml__j During the period of time that IVINS controlled Room r--1 there was a refrigerator and an incubator in the room and tha~is would have been the logical place to store and incubate samples from the exposures. Any live Ba from the exposures would have almost certainly been autoclaved prior to l~aving RoomOor RoomD.I I never handled the Bal e1ther pre-exposure or post-exposure. ~----~ beginning onJ is I I I conducted a second animal study using Ba Ames 1. The protocol number for this study I For both thel I and I exposures] I obtainedc===JBa Ames spores from IVINS. IVINS directly provided the Ba spores, intended for use in the exposures, to the AerobioJogy group. IVINS initially only provided Ba for the I I exposure. Due to the fact that none of the NHPs became ill after the first exposure, made a second request for Ba Ames spores from IVINS. The stud osures were carried out in the same manner as t e and the ~~--------------------~~exposures. Like th and the Building ._I_ ___.I Room At the completion of these exposures, the I ~I~~~~--~--~~~~ lxpolures, these aerosol exposures took place in USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012293Anthrax Page 673 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 01/20/2006 ,Page--=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - ,On nebulizyrs we:e placed into disinfectant and then autoclaved. NeitherL J nor IVINS handled the nebulizers after the sures. The AGis from the exposures were given to either IVINS . The B rom AGis wa~ plated out by either IVQNS in Room of Buildin L___j As was the case for the ~:::;::::~: a:::::;nd .... exposures,! I never handle e pre-exposure or post-exposure. also received Ba from IVINS for one other study. This was a~n-o~n--~aeroso1 conducted in Building! I Biosafety-Level -3 (BSL-3) suite! I Room1 IRoorrl lis I I !indicated that the anthrax! received from IVINS for the aforementioned study is the same as ~ne sample in the picture. Until it was seized in 2004, this sample of Ba was considered DSD's Ba sample.r----l provided agents with a copy of the 11 Receipt for Transfer ~anthracis spores, 11 for the sample. This 11 Receipt for Transfer of B. anthracis spores, 11 is located in the corresponding 1A envelope.! lwas also shown a photograph of a flask containing Ba Ames (known to writer to be the RMR 1029 flask) .1 Idees not ever recall seeing the flask. stated that anctD suJ.tes are physJ.cally connected by an airlock, bue-tfiat no one would ever go directly fro~ESJoor vise versa. It is not possible to bump someone from J.n Once something goes fromc::Jinto the airlock the door o locks. It is possible to go from6antor:::l_but this is very dan erous and the erson entering froffil___Jwould be in a suite WJ.t out appropriate protection. ~T~e_r_e_,~a-s~-e-e-n-a--c-a_m_e_r_a-o-n~tahair1ock door since possibly the I I II I mid-199Ds~rt~inl[ si~c access toL_____JsuJ.tes r ate-199osj !does not have protein .I use~ve lhas never lyophilized anything infectious. ~I:.....___..., a lyophilizer in the hallway inr---1 but never used it.L____Jhas never seen a lyophilizer in Butlcring 1412. I ~as used lyophilizers in the past for drying irradiate~ material and recombinant protective antigen (PA) USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012294Anthrax Page 674 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _r - - - - - - - - - , On 01/2 0/2 006 , Page --4.- An FD-597 Receipt for Property was filled out for~~-~-~ The original D-597 Receipt rty, the Receipt for Transfer of B. anth spores from the Receipt for Transfer of B. an racis spores from , a copy of an e-mail from 1---------"--i:.oL I. a c GI results dated a copy of Study sheet 1 a copy of a "Reg rt o ! d c o l Completion/Termination 1 " dated I Iand sig?ed by and a copy of two (2) spore preparation forms provided by are located in the corresponding lA envelope. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012295Anthrax Page 675 of 1446 ,. FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I tl - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 1 I 12 I 2 0 0 6 date of birthr social secur~ty numbe~ J was intervi~wed afc::Jplace of employment, the United Stat~s Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), wor~ te~efhone number ~' office in Building! room After being advised of the identities of the t'nterviewing agen s and the purpose of the interview,! _provided the following information: L I I I ~--._----------~~~formed aerosol challenges in Building~~;c ~----------._~n to collect the reagents for the c allenge.rders ~~ ~w-e_r_e__ u_s_u_a~l~l-y~placed with BRUC IVINSI lfor Bacillus ~~~ anthracis (Ba) spores. Mater~a was brought to Building! lthe day before or the day of the challenge, and the P~pal Investigator usually brought the material to rooml__jwhere the challenges were conducted. I lset up the aerosol rooms. includin the re aration laborator~es ~n roomsl I Ba was prepared in roo~ ~n room to record use of the laboratory, , unsure when use of the log book began. The may be Aerobiology. ~t was t e responsibility o f i J was told in advance w:en a chall~~ge w~b 7 F I There were usually about f:ur people in the room during animal challenges:! !aerosol technician, and two animal holders. Another person may ~ve been located ~n the hallway. Prior to the challenge, a runner transported the animal to_a different room ~o qet a breathing rate. and then returned t~e an~mal to the hood l~ne l T During the rabbit challe~n-g_e_s , __ __ a_p_p_r_o_x~~~m-a-t~e~l-y~3~0~r-a~b~b~i~t-s__ w_e_r_e------~ challenged each day, for a total of three days. Each animal challenge lasted approximately 15 minutes. During the challenge, anyone who was vaccinated could enter the room. Signs specifying the agents being used were posted on the door when challenges took place. b7C J IVINS kept Ba spores in the refrigerator in roomr--l and he provided them tol lfor a challenge on the day~he challenge. The refriger~tor in roomc==Jhad a lock, but it was usuallylkeptlunlocked. ~There was a commonly known code on the door of room Typical starting concentrations for challenges were Investigation on File# _....:___:..._ 1/12/2006 ____ at Frederick, Maryland dictated ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID?Date Posta Inspectorr-----------------~------~ Postal Inspector 1/12/2006 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of t.lreJt"m'"-mm!"'TS"'"'It7'm'retl"'"ttr")"CCtti""l'gl:m:y;-r:=::::!..-----, it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. r USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012296Anthrax Page 676 of 1446 I' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o' o , Page _....::2=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~----------------------------~------'On 1/12/2006 10 9 or 10 10 spores/mL. During a challenge, spores were deposited in water in the AGI. The solution remaining 'in the AGI after the challenge was approximately 6-10 mL in volume. The AGI solution was given to IVINS, who conducted the post-challenge plating. About 1/10 mL was needed for post-challenge plating, and the remaining volume from the AGI could have stayed in room 115 for weeks afterward, though it usually did not stay there that long. The only samples of Ba remaining after a challenge were contained in the AGI and the plates that were created post-challenge. Used plates were discarded in trash bags, which were taken by the caretakers whe~ they became full. . Animals for pox challenges were kept in Building~!----~ did not recall any Ba being stored there. r-----------~~~------did not recall any Ba being stored in hallways of ~~~~~~~ and he thought there was probably no Ba in rooml laboratory which was used for pox. ~--~ ~_.~~~~~een Ba in suite the only agents used recalled were The walk-in cooler on the first floor ,of Building was an unlocked, generally common cold room for yeople w1thout a refrigerator in their laboratories;! did not recall if Ba was stored there. The upstairs walk-in cooler, roomc::J was often down and moldy, and was not used a lot. If any Ba was stored there, it probably belonged to! I did not recall any specific instances when Ba ffiight have been stored there. did not know if Ba was stored in Building ~~----~~--~----~ , or in suite! 1425, rooms and !thought there should not nave een Ba 1n suiter---l andL:J did not recall seeing any there. did perf5rm-Ea sprays in suitec===J Ba sprays occurred in while Building! ~as down for renovations. thought the renovations of Buildingr---l were probably complete y the end of 1997. Ba was not store~ any hallways of Building 1425. Inspector showed four copies of nhotog:apbs of a flask labeled 11 0CT 97 GLP Ames Spores. 11 I~ ldid not recall ever seeing the flask or anything like 1t. T e Ba that was stored in the challenge areas were generally not in flasks. Samples brought by IVINS were usually contained in 50 mL conical tubes that were taped on top. Samples from the AGI were kept in 15 mL tubes. Copies of the photographs are maintained in a 1A envelope. I I I I _ USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012297Anthrax Page 677 of 1446 . l FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L___________________________J-____ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 1/12/2006 , Page -=:::._- in the photograph, the under GLP re ulations. ~----~--~~~stated that based on the label on the flask re aration of the s ores would have to be One wouldn't make' a GLP preparation and not run a GLP challenge with th e,l !thought the flask was probabl There may have been GLP Ba sprays after was working on Ba studies using GLP regulations/ w ere e pro ec ive antigen was extracted and purified for vaccines. Small quantities _of the material were injected into animals; aerosol challenges would not have been done for this project. I I recalled seein challenge area during challenges. ?~~~---p~~==~~ of the aerosol challenges. the containment area of Bui'~l~d~lr.n--~--~~ mentioned anything to .___ __________ .....~ It would be possible for a group of people to enter the containment area of Building 1412 together (i.e. piggyback) through the change rooms. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012298Anthrax Page 678 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 01/30/2006 Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: SA ~----------------------------~ Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 To report results of investigation. 279A-WF-222936-LEADS 279A-WF-222936-LEADS 279A-WF-222936-LEADS 279A-WF-222936-LEADS 279A-WF-222936-LEADS 279A-WF-222936-POI 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial 688 712 740 915 983 1398 581 1093 1172 1247 1248 1356 (Pending)-\1\..'rs\ Synopsis: Reference: Enclosure(s): Details: An investigation of~~~~~~-----------r~~~------~ Date of Birth (DOB) : Social Security Account Number (SSAN) ~ 1commenced becausec::J had access to locations where the Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) is stored while stationed at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . Background: (~~~ ~ ,:JJ I ~~ -~b6 ) b7C USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012299Anthrax Page 679 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 01/30/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ b7C I I was ater re-1nterv1ewe on 10 25 2005 to a ress un-resol v-e~~questions pertaining to~ ::1'entific knowledge and ex12erien ce, knowledge ofl knowledge ofi~~~~--~ I and knowledge of curren M ID employee(s) (279AWF-22293 6~-~LEADS, Serial 915). Knowledg e and Experience: b7C b6 of modif' 1ed G telephon Ames str 2 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012300Anthrax Page 680 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 01/30/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ ~----~lhas the scientific knowledge nor work experience required to 11 No evidence or allegation(s) were discovered to suggest weaponize 11 the Ames strain of Ba. Access ~--~ A query of available USAMRIID keycard access records fo:d I met with positive results. ~keycard access records indicated keycard activity for between~~----------~ andl Investigation determined had no access or attempted access to locations at USAMRIID known to contain the Ames strain of Ba untill I Ke card access records I ~w-0-r~k~area lkey card access records indicate and aff1r was th building I I(Ro'='o~M:-::-r-------,------------' Investigation and i n t : J ' s affirml lkeycard access records which indicated did not access or attempt to access locations at USAMRIID k contain the Ames strain of Ra 1mfil after the anthrax-laced letter mailings of 2001. Thus, ~----~-did not have any identifiable opportunity to abscond with the Ames strain of Ba until after the anthrax attacks of 2001 er etrated. ~~----~~~iF======~ a limited investigation continued in to ascertain knowledge of additional pertinent information. ~----~ 3 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012301Anthrax Page 681 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 01/30/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ ~Kn==o~w=l=e=d~g=e-=o=f~~------------------~1: Knowledge of! never met or heard o ~----~--~1 until after there was Investigation affirms~------~~~~~~ no evidence of telephonic contact between~~----~~~ telephone number and any known number associated with Miscellaneous: I ~--------------------------------------------------~has been in telephonic contact with the following USAMRIID personnel: advised these telephone calls were personal in nature. 4 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012302Anthrax Page 682 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 01/30/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ The lyofhylizer for thec===Jwas stored in the supply room 1 Rooml USAMRIID Buildi~. I lused the lyophylizer for antibody or antigen preparation only. hone was b7C b7E Investigation and interview indicated 279A-WFI Serial 1172). (WFO Note: this number was later discovered to be also dialed from a telephone associated with Bruce E. Ivinsr SSAN:280-44-5449 1 DOB: 04/22/1946.) b6 Non-Productive Investigation: no identifiable criminal history or contact llaw enforcement officials. A NCIC query for DOB: I I on or about 01/03/2005 indicated no current wants or warr y identifiable criminal history. On 05/10/2005 1 tate Policer----l records were queried foTI !contact with ~met with negative results. Also on 05/10/2005 1 ~---r----~~--~~-------r~ I I records were queried for contact wit l wh]ch ~lso met with negative resu ts. (279A-W l ~ and 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 Serial 1247 and 1248) . [ I has I wjth Jocall I b7C 5 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012303Anthrax Page 683 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 01/30/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ b7C A review ofk J credit history and credit card purchases was unremar able. No evidence of financial gain stemming from the anthrax-laced letter mailings of September and October 2001 was discovered. A telephone # ~--------------~ all met with Attempts to procure keycard access records fromc:====J 1, which would affirffil___J ~s~t~a~t~e~a~~w~n~e~r~e~a~b~o~u~t~s~f~o~r~s~e~p~t~e=fub~e~r~2~a~u~r~~as well as 10/01-16/2001, met with negative results asl !personnel were unable to locate archived records. ? ? Summary: Based upon the information developed during this investigation to date (2 FD-302s ofl 1 FD-302 of co-worker, 12 investigative inserts, and 7 Federal Grand Jury returns), no evidence or allegation~ve been discovered, nor any motive identified, to suggestl____j was involved in or otherwise had knowledge of the anthrax-laced letter mailings of September and October 2001. Unless or until such evidence or allegation(s) are discovered, no further investigation ofl lis intended. b6 I Through investigation and described as: Descriptive Data: intervie~ ~-----~ is further ..Name- - .,Reference Last: First: Middle: Race: Sex: Height: Weight: 6 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012304Anthrax Page 684 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 01/30/2006 Fi~d Fiel~ ,.DOB: Citizenship: DLN: SSAN: Rank: .Employer: Title: Address(es) Street Name: City: Country: Phone #: Miscellaneous - oo 7 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012305Anthrax Page 685 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 01/31/2006 date of birth social security nwJU.b$~ was :interviewed a?Q, P!ace of employment;tFte" 'C g~,;U.~~J:;.a~tqe~~t -~~~~~~f.~~~,J;~~~~~J?~~~;aa!dt~~~9 (US~RIID) 142 ,.~~~~~~~bt ~mP~~~~~~~~~l},g~. After being adv1sed of tli 1dent1t1es of the 1nterv1ew1ng agents and the purpose of the intervie ~I ~rovided the following information: Special Agent (SA) of two photographs of a vial labeled ~----------~------------~--------~ (known to writer to correspond to FBI Bacillus anthracis RepositorY,~IR) sample number stated that the label was handwriting. The v1a mos y contained Bacillus anthracis a given tor--l from BRUCE NSi IVINS made all the spo and provided small amou~to w o ~en diluted the material as needed. This vial was probab y a utionl and at that concentration it would be used s working stock. I I stated 1 and interviewers verified( tha believed the material in this vial came from IVINS and not The copies of the photographs, contained on a single sheet,? maintained in a 1A envelope. found a typewritten sheet and a handwritten page from a noteboo?~~~~~ay have documented where the vial came from. The typewritten sheet was dated I I and ent~tledl I j It ment1oned runes spo1es IIOIIl IVINS WICII ct. ~.,;uw..:~uL..Lct.L.J.U!J. UJ. .t. o o::uuu /ltlL in 1% Phenol, which was diluted to 2.3x10 8 (mL and again to 1.0x10 7 /mL. The handwritten page was datedl _and mentioned Ames spores that had an original concentration of 2.3x10 10 /mL, that was then diluted several times. I I explained that after spores were obtained from IVINS they were typically washed and diluted, and would contain no Phenol after this process. Copies of the typewritten sheet and handwritten page are maintained in the abovementioned 1A envelope. I ~--------._------~~obtainedr---lorigina~l~s~t~o~c~k~o~f_.________________~ originafry-provide Investigation on 1/31/2006 at Frederick, Maryland File# by This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012306Anthrax Page 686 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o has worked in o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L-------------------J--------------oOn1/31/2006 -2- USAMRIID. Currently, members of the Aerobiology group obtain material and transport it to Building! I for aerosol challenges~ until recent years, however IVINS usually brought Ba s to L___J for aerosol challenge . has never brought Ba to except possibly in a ?~~~~s mL glass r~ered o containers; these samples were to seeing 15 mL glass tubes stored in the challenge~a-r_e_a o~f L___j After the aerosol challenges, IVINS plated out __ the all-glass impingers (AGI) in room r--lof Building! I is not sure what IVINS did with the AGis alter he was finished with them. Other than stocks that were to be used for challenges, IVINS stored his Ba stocks in Building! I suite lnever stored Ba in Building! I suitec::J, and he did not think Ba was ever stored in any freezers, ref gerators or other containers in the hallways of Building I I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012307Anthrax Page 687 of 1446 o FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) _ - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 01/03/2006 began working art~U~S~A~M~R~I~I~D~i~n~----------~~~~--~ enter the wheru--l com~p~e~t~e~-a~~~r~e~q~u~~-r~e~-v~a~c~c~nations to enter~t~-e~----~s-u~~t?es.~ !first received Bacillus anthracis (Ba) Ames strain for c:::J research in conducted I !research in building! lr--1 laboratory ~s~r~o~o~m~~--~----~~ has never stored Ba Ames ~n Bu~~gl I suites The only time I lwas in D, was to work on a p ague !believes the plague study was conducted in room~~----~ ~~~~~~~~-~~~~~s~s~t.o I ~----~lwas shown a map of Building suites and was asked to remark about~esearch with Ba Ames, storage of Ba Ames, andr--l knowledg~other researcher's researc and storage of B~es. I Icomments were written on the maps. A copy of the maps wer, placer in an FD-340 and submitted to the 1A section of the file. provided the following: ~--+-----~has stored Ba Ames in building! lroom room in an under-the-countef refrigerator. Animal ~~:~--chal enges are conducted on the floor in room~s~~Pre and post-challenge animals are stored in rooms~~~~~~~ Anybody can isolate Ba Ames from an 'nfected animal. did not store any Ba Ames in roomr---1 stores Ba in roomc==J and in the freezer in the-narlway. here should be no storage of Ames in room I ldoes not tore any Ba in roomr--l There ~have material leftover from aer sol challenges stored!Tn room L___j When the FBI conducted the se rch in July 2004, some Ba Ames strain was found inl I In theory, no live material should be in I I Nothing ofl r was ever in rooml lnever stored Ba ~n the break room, ~virology rooms, the necropsy room. Prior to October 1999, roomL__Jwas the only location where Ba Ames was stored. I Investigation on File# ---~--=----- 01/03/2006 at Ft. Detrick, Maryland ~ss~AA~~~~~~~~~~~~~---~~~---------- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -I L{ <i 0 Date dictated N/A by __ ~:___________________rl---------------------------------USAMRIID Section 8.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012308Anthrax Page 688 of 1446 o t F0-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 01/03/0 6 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~===========------------,On 2 ,Page _ _ __ After an aerosol challenge, all material from the challenge was autoclaved. The Ba Ames left in the all- lass impinger (AGI) was not autoclaved right away. ~----~~provided the following description of an aerosol challenge: Based on the number on animals being used in an aerosol challenge,! I would calculat the number of spores thatD would need for the challenge. BRUCE VINS would send over the required amount of spores in an Erlenmey r flask or a 50 mL conical tube.~~ would provider----l with he Ba Ames from Dugway. IVINS I did not complere-any pape work documenting the internal trans er of Ba until approximat ly mid-2002. IVINS began using an internal transfer sheet and USAMRIID followed very soon after. I !provided Agents copies of the paperwork documenting the internal transfers of Ba from June 2002 until present. These documents were olaced in an FD-340 and submitted to the lA section of the file. I I Q The aerobiology group began conducting the plate counts approximately 3 years ago. The aerobi~lo division stores AGI's in a lock box in the cold storage room The lock box has only been in use since approximately June 2 . The material leftover in the AGI's would usually be approximately 3 orders of maqnitude less concentrated than the starting material. r 1 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012309Anthrax Page 689 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --=======:::!......------------ o ,On _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,Page - - - - 279A-WF-222936 b6 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/03/06 3 I spore./. 1 I was the first time I lworked with Ba Ames I ~s-o~l.~d:1~e~r~s. Most of the people who conduct the aerosol challenges are It is problematic, since soldiers rotate through the divisions. Once the soldiers are immunized and trained properly, they are rotated ou~ 1 The June, August, October, and November 2001 mice aerosol challenges were all trying to establish an LD 50 to set up a mouse model for future anthrax studies. A different strain of mice was used in November 2001. Approximately 10 mice were challenged with each vial of Ba at varying concentrations. In June, August, October, and November 2001, there were 60, 40, 50, and 270 mice challenged, respectively. If 60 mice were challenged, there were 6 vials of Ba Ames at yaryinj doses and 6 AGI's would be leftover from the challenge. I _always received Ba Ames, wgh'ch knew to be DUGWAY material, from IVINS for the challenges. provided agents with an untitled two page inventory o eroso Challenge information. A copy of the inventory will be submitted to the 1A section of the fife .. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012310Anthrax Page 690 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 1 o b7C , Page 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L--------_J------------ , On 01/03/0 6 --=--- ~~~~~rr~~~~~~~~--~----------------------------1 In April 2004 r----lsubmitted two samples to the FBI repository (FBIR). One ~labeled 11 Ames Spores .._1_--.-________. belonged to IVINS. I lhad contacted IVINS to ask ifl lcould submit the sample to the FBIR. I !provided A~th an email dated April 6 1 2004 in which IVINS responded to inquiries regarding the sample. A copy of the email will ne su m1tted to the 1A section of the file. Although the exact history or purpose is unknown/ the sample was more likely an AGI tube and not a dilution tube (pre-challenge material) . All aerosol challenges occur in building! I Prior to anthrax attacks in fall 2001 control and inventory of Ba was very loose. I !theorized that samples may have been brought over to! Ito do a challenger the challenge may have been cancelled or postponed and the material may have ended up in the c ld room. The only reasgn that a sample intended for an ..A Only were 1 1 b2 1 Material~ IV~s aerosol challenges would get plated in aerobiology lab l__jor L__jand th~n stored in the common use cold room. Not a lot of spores are contained in the AGI S. It would take hundreds or possibly thousands of AGI s collected over a long period of time to make up the total amount of material used in the anthrax mailings. In addition material in AGI s is heavily contaminated and would need to be reisolated to get a pure culture. Plates made from AGI s would be heavily contaminated as well . .______~I recalls the material from the AGI's being heavily contaminated with Staphylococcus and a gram negative bacteria. lhas not seen a non-anthracis Bacillus speciesr but it would .__~b-e--d~i~fficult to distinguish from Ea. Typically 1 environmental surveys have indicated Bacillus stearothermophilus present in the basement. This is because this Bacillus species is present on the autoclave indicators tape used on everything that is autoclaved. 1 1 1 1 Amesr and Vollum 1B have been used in aerosol challenges. It is possible that the Sterne strain has also been used. More recentl}l I is looking for a vaccine resistant strain. l m a y have found a vaccine resistant strain from China. No non-anthracis Bacillus strains have been used in aerosol challenges. I ? ~ould know what strains have been used for challenges. Ba Ames strain from I I has 2 distinct colony types. The Ba material would have to ~ed to see the colony types. Ba from the 2001 anthrax letters had the same two distinct colony b7C USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012311Anthrax Page 691 of 1446 ' ~. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o J oo I ,On 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/03/06 --~------------~---------------------- , Page - - - - - - - 5 types. There was no difference in antibiotic resistance seen in the two colony types isolated from the letters. The sample labeled! lwhich was also submitted to the FBI in April 2004, was given tol I by , _ _ _-:--~--::--~~n 1 .... late 1999 or early 2000. This vial contained approximately 1 mL of frozen Ba Ames. I I still possesses this vial and uses it. This sample was the first Ba Ames strain thatl lever possessed. There are several Ames derivatives listed onl I agent registry. These derivatives were isolated from Aprll 2002 Ames challenged animals when antibiotic treatment failed. The animals died and the Ba Ames isolated was antibiotic resistant. !provided Agents with a copy of the Agent registry with handwritten notes as to which antibiotic each of the derivatives was showing resistance. A copy of this registry was submitted to the 1A section of the file. The Ba Ames used in the April 2002 challenge was Ames DUGWAY material received from IVINS. was shown pictures of one vial of Ba Ames that submitted to the FBI in April 2004 and nine of the vials that were seized froml lin July 2004.1 I comments were written on the photo. The photos andl I comments were submitted to the 1A section of the file. I !provided the following information while looking at each photo: ldoes recognize the photo ot fhe sample labeled _handwriting. ~ thinks the material could be starting material for a challenge or possibly from an AGI, although it looks too concentrated to be from an AGI. The sample looks too diluted to bel I starting material. I !starting material for the mice challenges is very concentrated. The sample could be starting material from a rabbit studY.. I I is not sure the exact history ~rpose of the sample. I ~oes recall that the FBI came tol___jwith a copy of the Agent Registry and asked for the Sfmnle The sample could not be located, but was eventually found.L ldoes not recall who found the sample or the exact activities and communicatis,P's that w~ had with other researchers and technicians ab~ut e r--------r--~~~------------~1 believes that IVINS and I lcould have come over to look for the sample in b ~lding I !suggested sspeaking to IVINS to determine history and purpose of I I I I I D :::::::::::::::~~1, which is written inL 'I I.______ Samples Labeled 34-42: . USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012312Anthrax Page 692 of 1446 ' ... FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~--------------~~------------------ o b7C ,On 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/03/06 ,Page _ _ __ 6 r----l recognizes samples labeled by FBI as #37, 38, 39, 40, 41, a~ These samples were seized in July 2005. Each time I !requested Ba Ames for a challenge IVINS would send over Ba Ames froml lalways archived between 0.5 mL to 1.0 mL of the Ames sent from IVINS. I I always labeled the archival vials with the date thau--1 took the su~jam~le. All the archive samples were placed in a~g (item #36) . recognizes all the samples and knows the ?handwriting to be own. I The 2nd floor cold room in Building r---lhas gone down at least 2 times sincel I has begun working at~RIID. When this happens everything in the cold storage room has to be moved to another location. Whoever gets called in to respond to the broken cold room will move the contents of the coldroom to wherever there is empty space. The 2nd flood cold room is decontaminated now to allow for renovations to take place in the necropsy room. The first floor cold room has gone down at least once since late 1999. There is a coldroom in the basement ofl I, which is not normally used for anything but the storage of dead animals unless another coldroom or freezer goes down. The basement cold room has been refurbished within the last 2-3 years. I ldoes not recall the basement cold room going down or being decontaminated. The first and second floor cold rooms do not have any fixed shelves. There is no organization to either cold room. People would put items in these cold rooms wherever they could find space. Nobody really bothered items that were not their own. More recently there is more organization and accountability for what is placed in a cold room. The aerobiology group used lockboxes since June 2002 to ' store their AGI samples. b7c ~--~~has never stored anything in I !laboratory, however there is some exc~ange of Ba material betweenl land I l l d o e s not worked w~s. amount. b7C ~----~irst began worki g at USAMRIID told would be working in roomc=J in building had to wait to receive all of the immun1~.z-a~t~1~.o~ns before 1nto the BSL-3 suite, roomc::Jwas vacant for.awhile. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012313Anthrax Page 693 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 01/03/06 , Page _ _7.:..___ 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of L___________j -__________________ ,On Since~oximately 1998 there was an old lyophilizer located in roo~, USAMRIID has recently replaced the old l y o p h i l z e o : new one. I ~as never lyophilized Ba material. believes that somebody using a lyophilizer to dry the Ba mater1a in the anthrax letters would have created a big mess, people would have gotten sick, and left a definite footprint. ~----~!believes that acetone drying is a lot easier, safer, and does not require specialized equipment. An aerosol challenge usi g dry Ba would never occur as USAMRIID because of the political fallout. I _ r----lwould never store Ba in room technician-wouTa autoclave AGI and plate material before leaving c:::Lhaboratory. If the autoclave i~ was already in use, c====J would store material left to be autoclaved in the hood. Material waiting to be autoclaved could ossibl be in the hood until the next day. Autoclaved mater1al would be packaged and labeled A piece of autoclave indicator tape was affixed to material to be autoclaved. Usually the agent to be autoclaved would be written on the outside in case somebody had an exposure to the material. Writing the agent on the outside allowed for a more timely and appropriate post-exposure treatment of person's exposed. Hot material, if not refri erated or frozen could onl be in the hood or in the autoclave. I I I ! ! b e l i e v e s thawing frozen Ba is a "no, no", since viability~ sample is lost each time freeze-thawing occurs. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012314Anthrax Page 694 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I o ,On 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/03/06 ,Page 8 I ~oes not ever recall big flasks of Ba Ames strain ever being stored or transferred tol ldoes not believe that IVINS' flask ofl ~ateria was ever stored inl I / ~----~ldoes not suspect anybody in the anthrax mailings, nor does he believe anybody has a motive. I USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012315Anthrax Page 695 of 1446 ' 't .v FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/03/06 9 _...___ _ _ _ _ _........_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,On _ _ _ _ _ _ ,Page _ __ / / IVINS has not spoken much about the anthrax investigation. IVINS' last interview in Spring 2005 really upset IVINS. J I feels that IVINS wants to talk more about everything, but fee!s that due to confidentialit: he cannot speak about the interview. IVINS did not telll Jabout the interview. ~--~~agreed to provide Agents with notebooks located inside the BSL-3 suite. ?1 into a PDF form and email them to Agents. co~ies ofr---1 ]will s~hem The following items were placed in an FD-340 and were submitted to the lA section of the file: USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012316Anthrax Page 696 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o _..J,""""'""""'""""'""""'""""'""""',.t____________ o b6 b7C ,On _ _ _ _ _ _ ,Page _ __ 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/03/06 10 1) A map of Bui1dingr----lBSL-3 suite~hl I comments ~ted tor--lresea~th Ba Ames,L___Jstorage of Ba Ames, and L__J knowledge-tf other researcher's research and storage of Ba Ames 2) Paperwork documenting the internal transfer titled "In-house strain transfer record" of Ba from June 2002 until present. 3) An inventory of Aerosol Challenge information (no title). 4) Agent registry dated 1/6/2006, with handwritten notes as to which antibiotic each of the derivatives was showing resistance. 5) A copy of Agent registry dated 4/30/2004, with handwritten notes byl I 6) Photos of the vials of Ba Ames, which were submitted to the FBI in April 2004 (FBI requested samples) and July 2004(FBI seized samples), withl !comments on each photo. 8) An electronic mail message from BRUCE IVINS sample labeled as I I 9) Interviewer's notes. 10) Strain list shown to to~l----~~egarding during interview, The Strain list is sta1ns rom t e collection 9f G Elifve Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology."~~--~~~- does not recall seeing the strain list before, but suggested Agents talk tol !regarding more information pertaining to the strains. 11) FD-597 Receip~ for Property Received documenting receipt of items provided byl...__ ......I I ____ USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012317Anthrax Page 697 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 02/21/2006 .,_----------....---::--::-:---:---:--_. by SA !:---:::--:-:---:-::-~ After being advised of the identities t e 1nterv1ew1ng agents and the nature of the interview, provided the following information: ~------~ I b7C lwas shown four (4) pictures of a flask labeled Oct 97, G~L~P~A~m-e_s S~pores, 7737 RMR 1029. I __ lcould not recall ever having seen the flask while working in Building c==JRoomc::J at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infect1ous Diseases ~~~ (USAMRIID) . I ldid recall seeing several containers in Room c::Jwith screw on tops. Th ? s were of varying sizes and had various labels on them. could not recall ever having seen any container labeled Ames. noted that the largest container that Dr. BRUCE IVINS ha was 750ml. A copy of the pictures shown to .... this document. l______~l are attached to b7C Investigation on 02/21/06 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012318Anthrax Page 698 of 1446 ,, r ~:li>~? ~ ~ ;r (Rev. 08-28-2000) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o Precedence: To: Priority Date: 2/27/2006 Attn: .___ _ _ _ _ _..,..,I uc I Forensic Audio, Video and Image Analysis Unit (FAVIAU), QT, ERF Operational Technology From: Washington Field Squad AMERI~~.H~R~A~X~-~1~--------------------~ Contact: S~ Approved By: Drafted By: ~====:::lC..----. b7C Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; Major Case 184 is requested to enhance AMERITHRAX collected ~ynopsis:~l----~~ J.mages. Enclosure{s}: CD-R containing images Details: Captioned case is predicated on the mailings of letters containing anthrax, which were sent to the New York Post, Tom Brokaw, and United States Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy. I ~--------~F~o~l~l~o~w~J.~?n~g: the February 21, 2006 interview ofl emailed writer with approximately 57 JPEG J.mages taken at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . The images were taken of the interior of Building 1412 at USAMRIID. Some of the pictures include Room 115 of Building 1412, the laboratory space of BRUCE IVINS. b6 l I b6 It is requested that I I enhance 11 selected images provided by! I in order to be able to read writing on containers in the images. I Attached to this document is a copy of the email from Jto writer enclosing the images. The images were submJ.tte to the captioned file via 1A 6764. USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012319Anthrax Page 699 of 1446 I I? wfJ (X) Back of page ' . ' I / t ~ USAMRIID Section 8.pdf ~ 012320Anthrax Page 700 of 1446 To: Re: Operational From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID T~nology Washington4lteld LEAD (s) : Set Lead 1: (Action) OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION AT QUANTICO, VA It is requested that r----l enhance 11 selected images provided byl I in or~ be able to read writing on containers in the images . oo 2 USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012321Anthrax Page 701 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 13 47- b6, b7C 99 ~ b6, b7C 100- b6, b7C 131-bti, b7C 132 ~ b6, b7C 133- b2, b7F 134- b2, b7F 208 ~ b6, b7C 235- Duphcate 236- Duphcate 237 ~Duplicate 238- Duphcate 242- Referral!Drrect USAMRIID Section 8.pdf 012322Anthrax Page 702 of 1446 FD-302 (Rt~v. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 04/22/2003 r---,_......,.----:::---.J--??tf.~..,.J.,_?!,P!M?..,~>1!%.-... ~~--~place .. ~"ff2. . interviewed at.___...,... of employment, the United States Army Medical Researc Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the inte~view, I I provided the following information: From the perspective of looking a Biosafety Level (BSL)c:Jsuite rimar laborator worl rom used some equipment, ~------~--~S~t~1-l~l looking through the crash door, the cold room was the right and the animal room wasl I Although these were the primary areas where b7C This document contains ntlither recommendations nor conclusions of the fiB!. it and iL~ content~ are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012323Anthrax Page 703 of 1446 FD-30~a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 1279A-BA-Ci01932 o On 279A-WF-222936~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Contimmtiott ofFD-302 of --===============----- , 04/21/2 0 03 .l age - - - - 1 2 I The agents were able to enter as it is a Jarea. I I did not have combination to the door to the suite nor the key tol L however both were unlocked. wouldl !everything on the laboratory bench in~--~-w~i~t~h the exception of the com uter which was not in the room worked there. b6 I and the ..._,.t_,.h_e_J...,..n-:-~tervi ew . After the completion of the walk through Buildingr----l agents met privately without! Ito co~ b6 USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012324Anthrax Page 704 of 1446 FD-30'la (Rev. 10-6-95) o I,279A-BA-C101932 I o 04/21/2003 ~Png~ - - - - 279A-WF-222936I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~==========================~------'Un 3 I I thinks ldoes not recall being in the irradiat~oom~.~~ that the irradiation area is down either thel__jor '--I1:ariway and that r l has walked down that hallway and past the doorway to the irra:aiation room. I llab did send some items to be irradiated, but those 1tems would have been taken to the Office of Radiation Safety first and then sent through that office to be irradiated. . _ 1_ ___. ~h-1-l~l-z-e-r~in the hallwa lonly knows of one lyophilizer at USAMRIID, the of Suite in Buildin IVINS mani ulated controls. nyone w1t access to or 1n the Bacteriology Division would have had access to the lyophilizer. People in other divisions at USAMRIID would have had to ask someone for access to the machine. This lyophilizer has never been in a hot suite. b7F card. number: do s not have an automatic teller machine (ATM) credit card not reca I !provided the agents with several documents to illustrat~ whereabouts during September and October 2001. These documents are contained in the 1A envelope and are summarized as follows: USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012325Anthrax Page 705 of 1446 .. , FD-30.la (Rev. 10-G-95) o l279A-BA-C101932 o ,On 279A-WF-22293J 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ot"FD-302 of ~~--------------------------~---------- 04/21/2003 .. Pag~ 4 ----'==--- Seven checks including: I I ~e~x~a~mined lhad been during the time that the FBI's evidence was being I I recalled two other areas of Building! I where b7C _ USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012326Anthrax Page 706 of 1446 " . FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) ,y. oo - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 4 /18 /2 0 0 3 b6 ~~~--~~~ Special Agent FBI, and Postal Inspector~--------~ United States Postal Inspection Service. After being advised of the identitie; of the investigators and the purpose of the interview ,I _provided the following i}:!;formation: b6 resides at Office at the worked at UNITED ST~A~T~E~S~A~R~M~Y~M~E~D~I~C~A~L~R~E~S~E~A~R~C~H~I~N~s=T~I=TU~T=E=-O~F~I~N~F~ECTIOUS DISEASES (USAMRIID) from I ~a-u~t~h~orized at USAMRIID. to use the~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ shared office space in Buildin Investigation on This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012327Anthrax Page 707 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _..::2:...___ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ J - - - - - - - , On 04/17/2 003 maintained in a lA enyelop 'fD-340). ?There were two tAlPnhones in the office, one onl _desk and the other o~ ldesk. 1 r ou-,:- naa never ~s-n-a~r-e-n~t-o-1~::::::~~~~~d~i~d~n-o~t~r-e_c_a~l~l~~~-e-v-e-r~u-,~d~n-g~t~he telephones in office area. / b7C of t'hP .c:m i t'P!=:I the room nu I utilized.! occasionally I r'Of the I Building 11n laboratory space belong1ng tol at USAMRIID. I ldid not recall lalso worked I in l randl I had mul t?iole resoonsibili ties durinall tenure I I OIIlce Imaintained laboratory notebooks in the area on ~ne1 lfloor of ~uil~in<fl I w uld documentr==l work on lo~aper wh1le 1ns1de thel Jsu1te, then later tape the pages inl__j notebook.r---lnotebook was organized chronologically, thus documentation or-tEe progress of each ofc===J projects was intermingled. The Special Pathogens Branch of the DSD maintained an archive of virtually all B.a. strains at USAMRIID in a -80?C freezer in ak Jsuite, Building! ~stimated that there were t ousan s of cryovials of pr1mary stocks corresponding to the hundreds of B.a. strains in the archive. For each B.a. strain, there were at least 3-5 cryovials of primary original stock. These primary stocks were generated from cultures of the b2 b7F USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012328Anthrax Page 708 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 04/17/2003 ,Page_..::::___ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - ;________________________r - - - - - - - - ,On original slants. The Special Patho ens Branch laborator Building! I was located freezer was in the first rLo_o_m o_f~~~----~--~---r--------_, __ recall the fr~ezer being locked, access suite was limited. For those strains which were used most often, more vials of the primary stocks were maintained. B.a. Ames was used regularly as a virulent strain, thus several vials of primary stock were present in the :rc,ive. Of the thousands of cryovials of B.a. strains, I estimated that there were 80 or less tubes of Ames; no more t an a cryovial box full.l !believed that the change in the notation on the B.a. Ames stocks from 'FTD1004' to 'BA1004' was part of the re-inventory process. ~o create more uniformity in the archiving system, the original coding of the stocks was changed and 'BA~ used to represent 'Bacillus anthracis'. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012329Anthrax Page 709 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --1------------J------, On 04/17/20 03 , Page _...::4__ Each cryovia1 of primary stock in the archive contained approximately 0.5 mL of material. A secondary stock of a given B.a. strain was generated from the corresponding primary stock; however, most of the vials in the archive were never used in this manner. To generate a secondary stock of a particular strain, a loop of approximately 10 microliters (~L) was pulled from a nrimarv stock and cultur.ed on either aaar or broth media.l I ~----~~~lnever worked with the original Ames slants and was not aware of how the Ames original slants were received by USAMR.IID . r l never saw any of the original Ames materials and was not sure ~e primary ~tocks in the archive were derived directly from the original slant.l _I had no knowledge of the B.a. Ames stocks generated by BRUCE IVLMS and I I believed that IVINS was gone by t~time thatl larrived~a~t~-~ USAMRIID and thought that he gave his B.a. Ames stocks tol escr~ ed ~n deta~l the procedures for the sh~pping of pathogenic samples. The guidelines differed for the transport of virulent and avirulent organisms. For requests of virulent materials, such as B.a. Ames, regulations were fo~~0wed, as defined by the Select Agents Program of the CENTERS FOR D ~::;EASE CON':L:Eill.L AND PREVENTION (CDC). To receive Select Agents, the requester had to be registered with the CDC. Prior to shipment of he pathogenic materials, transfer paperwork, or EA101 documents, were processed through the appropriate channels. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012330Anthrax Page 710 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page --"'5__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L ____________ j - - - - - - , On 04/17/2003 ~~--~~~~~The predominant request was for B.a. Sterne, an avirulent strain, as this was a commonly used control in experimental research. lled sending both Ames and Vollum B.a. strains on occas~on. could not identify the facilities that requested B.a. Ames. was funded through the DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AG ARPA) and materials were oft to other facilit?es under the same DARPA program. ecalled the frequent exchange of materials with the UNIV ABAMA, UNIVERSIT)VOF MARYLAND and a facility in CHICAGO. as not sure whether ~fiese exchanges included B.a. Ames, but indicated that the UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND did not have Ames, nor the BSL laboratory capabilities to handle that type of pathogen. pr~mary s oc s o Special Path6gens Bran chi I suite in Building.......,__r--.a......;.;...;__.._.;.._.;....., a vial of material for transfer to another facil~ty, b7C ~------------,_--~~~----~--~--~Typ~ca ~~--------~matched prepare exactly the requested amount. Since B.a. Sterne was requested most frequently, extra vials of secondary stocks were sometimes prepared to fill future requests. Due to the special packaging requirements of temperature sensitive materials, the procedure used to prepare requested materials for shipment was modified. Modifications included preparing multiple aliquots in excess of the amount requested and lyophilizing of these secondary stocks. The lyophilized materials could be maintained in the refrigerator or at room temperature. Transport was then possible without the additional timperature requirements. I _ I I b2 b7F I 1 There may have been two lyoph~l~zers ~n Bu~ld~ng 1used to dry samples for shipment. One lyophilizer was under L...------1 USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012331Anthrax Page 711 of 1446 FU-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L-----------....J.------ ,On 0 4 I 17 /2 0 0 3 , Page _ _:6:..___ ~r~e::-:c~a=:-l.L,....L. . --,--:::o~n-:::e~w:-::a:-:yo::--::o~r::::--:~~e:::---::::-o-=. t:~.rn-:::.e~r=-,--::1."""!1. I:'l':l--.-11.-ry~op=->~n.l...,-::-: z:-: :e:-: :ra-::s: -: a: -: m: :-;p: -J..r:e::"'s~o f B o a . 1.1.-: , lcould not Ames for shipment.r---lwas sure that this procedure was used for shipments of B.a. ~e and other organisms.! ~id not recall any requests for specific, or high, concentrations of organisms. Researchers typically wanted just enough to start a culture of their own. Packaging and labeling of the pathogenic~t?erials was in accord with the guidelines established by the DEP~~E~~ QF TRANSPORTATION(DOT). Several layers of packaging were employed, includ1.ng 1.n1.tial packaging of the materials, followed by placement in a can and outer box. EAlOl documentation was included along with the package and copies kept at USAMRIID. Files should remain at USAMRI~cumenting all of the materials shipped by~~-----~ duringL__Jtenure at USAMRIID. ~--~~1 contacte~~~~.---~ ~----------------------------------------~was aware that the USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012332Anthrax Page 712 of 1446 FQ-3.02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page _ _ 7;....__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ContinuationofFD-302of ~....__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - ,On 04/17/2003 UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA maintained B.a. Sterne and B.a. delta Ames, both avirulent strains. o e spore prepara 1ons were genera e or personne 1n e Special Pathogens Branch of the DSD. Spore preparations were also provided for DNA extractions by scientists conducting PCR exper1men t s. sma 11 amoun t s 0 f spore ma t er1a 1 , 10 mL or 1 ess, were . supplied for a given PCR study .1 I I USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012333Anthrax Page 713 of 1446 FQ-3(l2a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 04/17/2003 , Page .JL 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - , On vaguely the roomr--1 walk-in cooler, but did not remember utilizing the space for~mples. The walk-in cooler mfy haye bejn used to store laboratory supplies, such as agar pl~ did not recalll I storing samfles in the room cooler, but reminded the Investigators that 1 was not in Building all that much. ldid not receive spore preparations from other scientists. I I 1 ldid not recall making spore preparations for shipment to other facilitiesr---l did not recall sending out any B.a. Ames spore preparations. Jn:lJacterial spore preparations were sent out, they would have been shipped in liquid form. I cou1a not 1aent1ty by name other researchers at USAMRIID work1ng with B.a. Ames. recall sejingll I during never met and still does not know ~w'"""h,_a tc=J looks like. Building I I was shared by the entire I ..... land the same people came and went~he hot suites.r---ldid not recall seeing anyone that did not belong .1 I didnot recall ever tal kina tol I on the telenhone .l I I tenur~e--a_t__ __ lctid not U_S_AM R~IIDr:::J USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012334Anthrax Page 714 of 1446 1..._.....__:..; j.:. y/' FD-302 ~R~~v.,l0-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcriJ?,tion FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 03/07/2003 b7C T ese ~--------------~ ocuments are attac e ~~--------~~~ocopied the complete~--~----~~--------------~ which is contained in a lA envelope. ~----~advised that the communication logs for the evidence have a lot of information about where the letters went. but the logs also have a lot of holes. I At this point in the interview SA ._l_______.lleft the room to photocopy the Daschle letter case file. 1 The Daschle letter was given sample number SPS0257.07. The letter went in and out of Rooml !during the time that F b7E Investigationon File# by 03/03/2003 at Fort Detrick, Maryland L..-----:~__.1 279A-wF-usAMRrrD ?- sL> r 279A-WF-222936-302, 279A-BA-C101392 -1S(Sia Date dictated .:;N:..J. /. :.:A:.. .__ _ _V-'If;a:-7~Yf~l_-.. bo _liD This contains neither nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. docume~t recommendati~ns 1 " ;,l4s J 1 1 It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency ._;------~ ~ <.~kS 0 USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012335Anthrax Page 715 of 1446 , FD-302a {Rev. ,1 0-6-95) o " o --~================~-------------- o b6 ,On 279A-WF-222936-302,279A-BA-C101392,279A-WF-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 03/03/2003 2 , Pnge ---::---- the FBI was photographing it, but there is no documentation of this movement. There is also no documentation of the Daschle letter going to Roomc:::Jfor examinati~n Postal Inspector who was b a looking at the posfal barcode. knows that the Daschle letter went into Suite andr--l showe e Agents the handwritten chain of custody that docume~he letter being handed over to BRUCE IVINS. lwas probably the person who irradiated the Daschle letter. I The Daschle letter was handled b the followin individuals: I ~ IVINS~----~~r---~~I; and a Postal Inspector whose name I !could not recall. andl lboth handled the letter in SuiteD and they both primarily worked alone with the letter. The Daschle letter may have been handled by the following individuals: I I The Post ~er was qiven samole number SPS02. 88. OlA and was stored in Suite1 1. I The powder from the Post letter was given sample number SPS02.88.01B. The Post letter went to the office of Radiation and Safety on October 23, 2001. individuals:~~--------------------------------~~ The Post letter may have been handled by the following The Leahy letter was given sample number SPS02.266.02A and the Leahy envelope was given sample number SPS02.266.02B. ._______.I advised that a lot of preparation went into -the work with the USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012336Anthrax Page 716 of 1446 o FD-302a{Rev.,l0-6-95) o J L__ _ _ _ J - - - - - o b7C ,On 279A-WF-222936-302,279A-BA-C101392,279A-WF-USAMRIID 03/03/2003 3 _ _ __ Continuation ofFD-302 of ,Page Leahy letter because of lessons that were learned from working the Daschle letter. b7c b2 F The following individuals handled the Leahy letter: b7C The foJJqwing ipdiyiduaJs may haye hapdled the Leahy letter: Brokaw letter and envelope were given sample The Brokaw letter was received at USAMRIID At this' point in the interview, SA ._l_____.lreturned from photocopying the Daschle letter case file. !there was not ~ lot of documentation of the work done with the Brokaw letter and that thinks someone " ot in trouble" over it. I USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012337Anthrax Page 717 of 1446 o FD-302a{Rev.,10-6-95) o o 03/03/2003 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-302,279A-BA-C101392,279A-WF-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~==================~-------------?~ 4 I grew B . a . on agar culture collectJ.on was kept of the hot side of Buildinql which people qrew different strains of orqani sms . I A I for I b7F F USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012338Anthrax Page 718 of 1446 o FD-3U2a ~ev.o 10-6-95) o o --~--------------~---------------- o , On 279A-WF-222936-302,279A-BA-Cl01392,279A-WF-USAMRIID 03/ 03/2 0 03 5 Continuation ofFD-302 of 'Page _____ b 7 C F r--1 These samples are stored in a freezer in the hallway near Room~in Buildingr----1 Each tube is labeled as Bacillus anthracis with a BACT-number or whichever genus it was. For example, Ames was labeled as BACI.008. Each tube was inventoried and if they were losing tubes they would have known. However, someone could have taken a tube, thawed it plated it and nut the tube back. I b7C F In response to a question regarding whether there was any lab where a lot of B.a. could be grown without being ?noticed,! I advised that there are a lot of people who have their own rooms. L lqave the example ofl lL-------;:=.______, ~-----------------------------~ advised~~~~~~~~does not have tight safety. ave the example of who left I lin Suitel__j for almost one year. ~'l~?n~e~g=o==s~s~l~p~a~E~--~ us; : I ID 1 s tfia t a 1 ot o t thin;;.;.lq:~.::s;;:......:w~e;;;;.:n:.:.t:;:;,_o;:;;.u.:;:;.:;;;t--=t=h:.::e:.....::d::.::o::.::o;;.;:r;.....:d;:;.:u;;:.;r::.;l::.:.n:.:.lq,;;;j,. .l_ _ _ _.....,.__.l whenl lwas at USAMRIID, I I I I I USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012339Anthrax Page 719 of 1446 , FD-3'02a!Rev.o 10-6-95) o o L...--=__,1 o b6 On 279A-WF-222936-302,279A-BA-C101392,279A-WF-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -==============------- , 03/03/2 003 , Page 6 ___;==---- be thinks thad !directed that the Dasch;.:.;l::..:e=--=:..=....; iven to IVINS for s ore concentration determination. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012340Anthrax Page 720 of 1446 \' t. o If o MCMR-UID o 26 November 2001 o MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD SUBJECT: Possible Anthrax Exposures b2 b7F 1. Beginning on 15 October 2001, the Special Pathogens Sample Test Laboratory began processing environmental samples that may have been contaminated with purified or partially purified Bacillus anthracis spores. I ~----~land I decided that the form of this thr~e-a~t--w_a_s__ m~ore dangerous than samples processed previously. Without comprehensive knowledge about the virulence of the threat, we were concerned that some employees may be inadequately protected and asked for a health survey of our employees by physicians from the Special Immunization Program. Some employees were placed on antibiotic prophylaxis as a conservative response. This action was not taken because of any particular "accident;" but to more aggressively survey our staff to protect their health and safety. 2. Beginning on 15 October 2001, all credible threat materials and powders were processed atl I in suitel~--~ by training personnel. 3. The POC for this action is the undersigned at~~--------~ USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012341Anthrax Page 721 of 1446 ... FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription b7C FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C During an interview on March 10, 2003,1 I described the Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) Ames aerosol challenges conducted at USAMRIID during the 1997-1999 time frame. ~~~~---~~ provided additional information rrga,ding the postchallenge ~.a. concentration determinations. believed that the post-chaJ,ri'enge plating was conducted using ~ryptic Soy., Agar (TSA) . BRUCE IV/IN~ performed the plating and would kno~ th...~ ::type of aga7 used. ~he liquid collected by the All Glass Im 1n -ers AGis dur1ng these ch,llenJe experiments was plated in rooms and of Building All post-challenge plating has~ een conducted in these areas since the completion of Building! !renovations in 1996 or 1997. Prior to that time, researchers from the various USAMRIID divisions would plate the AGI liquids in their respective laboratories. The post-challenge plates were typically placed in biohazard bags and additional plastic packaging after use. These bags were then taken to the basement for autoclaving. Due to the negative pressure and dry atmosphere in roomsc::J andl I ~----~1 believed that the agar plates would dry out fairly quickly if left in the aerosol challenge laboratory after use. 4B D bE' b7c b7E Investigation on File# by 04/11/2003 at Fort Detrick Mar land Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRII;,~9A-BA-C101392 SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ? USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012342Anthrax Page 722 of 1446 "'FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o "1 " o I5a~e of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 4/3 0 /2 0 03 b '7[' I~ I .I primary are rooms and of Building! rhas also ut1l1ze and the_ rooms in the basement, roomsc::Jand indicated t~e~s~e~--~ rooms on a floor plan of USAMRIID prov1ded by the Agents. This floor plan is maintained in a 1A envelope (FD-340) . r:;t SE1b6 I b7F 7c I !recalled one 1 in the mid 1980s, in Building in .,ica'ted that the MMCN number / could be used to determ1ne the exact purchase date.l was listed on the hand receipt corresponding t~s instrume6t. The ~ilizer was located originally in rooml___j then moved to rooml___jin early 20~ose with access to the containment facility in Buildingl___j no matter their division, had access to the lyophilizer. Personnel at USAMRIID would not notice if the lyophilizer was used at night or on the weekend. ~----------~----------------------~recalled that BRUCE IV and other researchers no longer at USAMRIID a} o used t e mac 1ne.l I did not know what agents or materials were lyophilized by these scientists. Since the earl 1990s, use of the instrument has been very infrequent. IVINS and were the last to use the lyophilizer in the mid to late 1990s did not know whether Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) had ever been r1ed using this lyophilizer.! ~ndicated that tests to detect the presence of B.a. may yield negative results, as this lyophilizer has been decontaminated with paraformaldehyde. Beginning in 1999, Medical Maintenance was contacted numerous times to diagnose problems with the 1 ophilizer.~~~~----~ b2 Investigation on ~0~4~/~2~9~/~2~0~0~3~_at Fort Detrick Marland File# 279A-W SA by SA ,IJ9 279A-BA-C101392 Date dictated L____________r-----------------------"--------------1 It This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012343Anthrax Page 723 of 1446 : FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - L - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - ,On 04/2 9/2 0 03 , Page _,::2~-b/C provided the Agents with Automated Maintenance Request forms related to the maintenance of the lyophilizer. The original b2 documents are maintained in a lA envelope (FD-340) . In May 2001, the lyophilizer was decontaminated, removed from the containment area of Building! I and taken to LETTERKENNY, an Army depot for old equi=====t. A replacemEnt lyopjilizer was purchased and placed in roomc===J According to_ _ the new lyophilirer has not been used.l ? !came to USAMRIID in approximately! I ora ani sm. I does not have hands-on experience with the B.a . ..] B a lhas never cultured B.a or ...~. b7C USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012344Anthrax Page 724 of 1446 :: fD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - , On 04/2 9/2 003 _..;:;.3__ b7C F ~--~~~-~--~-~--~~~~~---~-~-------~~ 1n addition,l._____~lmay have obtained spores froml.__ _ _ _ _ _~~~ or IVINS. Piggy backing into the hot suites of Buildingc===Jhas been nonexistent since the heightening of security measures following the terror attacks of 09/11/2001. Prior to that time, security around USAMRIID was more lax. At times, one person would gain access to the hot suite by entering a personal key code, open the door when given the green light, and allow the next person, to follow into the suite without key code re-entry. There would be no record of the second person entering the suite, as exit from the suite required pushing a button, rather than entering a personalized key code. Piggy backing does occur throughout the cold side of USAMRIID, although it was more frequent prior to 09/11/2001. F ~~~~~--------~~~~:,~~~~~--------~~working~~~n~~~n~e~same worked closely with ~---~-~~~? Most of ~e~~g~e~o~l !derived from gossip and stories told b caretakers and other individuals at USAMRIID. was a person of interest in the anthrax investigation recalled that USAMRIID personnel were instructed not to 'mushroom this thing' by talking. I I lnever discussed anthr~x 7elated issurs wit~ . .was not aware of any assoc~at~onsL ~ _had w~th I ~J~e~r~s~e~y~,~P~r~~~n~ceton, storage facilities, or other companies. In ~--------~--~---.~through I New USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012345Anthrax Page 725 of 1446 !<"b-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ' --~----------------------~------------ 04/2 9/2003 ,Page -4- b7C addition, r---lwas unaware of ~ny association~-ft I with SENATOR o.ks-c:Frt~/'? SENATOR LEKHY or the NEW/fORK POST .! Ihad no personal k~~wledge of ~owl L !accessed the int~ at USAMRIID, buf indicated that there were a lot of wayst___j did not hear stories of chemical and biological warfare directly fro~m~~ I I but recalled bein told b caretakers and others o stor1es. authoriz~a~t~i-0-n~t-o~enter the hot side of Building! !had access to B.a. Ames, as did anyone with ] It was common for the researchers in the building to be aware of which biological organisms were studied by others.[ !advised that if a person knew what he was doin , he would have an eas time of takin B.a. from USAMRIID. did not ~--------------------------------------od~i~d~n~o~t~s~t~o~r~e~~~les in room ~r=e~c~a~l~l~s~e~e~i~n~g~F~I:::::::rl~i~n~r~o~o~m~~~~~=-=~~------------------~ USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012346Anthrax Page 726 of 1446 .:. FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 5/ 02/2 0 03 ~--------~n April 29, 2003,~~~~~~~~----~====~~~~ Social Securi t was interviewed at place of employment, t9 UNITED STATES ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF IN SES (USAMRIID), FORT DETRICK, MARYLAND (MD), tele hone Special Agents (SAs) AND After being advised of ~~~~~~~~~o~~~e interviewing Agents and the purpose of the interview ,1 Iprovided the fol?lowing information: j pri1ry ~ork areas are SuitesD anctD of Building and room on the cold side of Building~~J Bacteriology and anima studies are conducted in?Suites andr--1 On occasi~n has used the microscope on ~ Building on the cold side.l I indicated that piggy backing does occur roughout USAMRIID; however,c:J has never seen it happen when personnel are entering the hot suites. 6 ~----~lwears gloves in the laboratory when handling vials of bacteria and for any manipulation of organisms.c:Jis typically without gloves when retrieving chemicals and media from the shelves and when working with noninfectious materials.! ldoes not wear gloves when handles the following equipment: computers, telephones, m1croscopes and instrument controls. D b7C USAMRIID. ~l~y-o-p~h~i~l~i-z_e_r 1~.q~t===rl-o~f~B~u~i~l-d~i~n-g~_.--~=T~h-e~i~n~s~trument __ NS maintains a is accessible to everyone, as i 1s on the col s1 e of the suite. Before 09/ll/200l,c::Jwas not locked during the day, but was locked at night. The Principle Investigator (PI), IVINS in this case, would be contacted_for permission to use the lyophilizer.! !never saw the lyophilizer in use and did not believe that it was ever located in a hot suite. I~ BRUCE b6 b2 F b7C Investigation on F~# ~0~4~1~2~9~1~2~0~0~3~-~ 279A-WF-222936-U SA Fort Detrick, Maryland -16 279A-BA-Cl01392 Date dictated by SA~-------------------r -------b7c---- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012347Anthrax Page 727 of 1446 .,. FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) o - - l -_ _ _ _ _ o ,Page --=2~- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _ 1 . - - - - - - - - - - - , On 04/2 9/2 003 ~--~~obtained wet B.a. Ames spores for thel I experiments from IVINS. IVINS' laboratory grew the spores in Leighton Doi liquid ' ' ' ' me d' J.al us1no a shaker and a t h ree d av J.ncu b atJ.on perJ.o d J.n t h e dark. I b2 b7 I b6 b 7F experiments, I IVINS. I At the conclusion of the I autoclaved the B.a. Ames sporesc==Jobtained from I I ~------------------------------~1 The spores for the project were obtained from IVINS and were grown in LB broth at 37?C in a small flask. Antibiotics were used to select clones with the GFP plasmid. The Ames stock obtained from IVINS was autoclaved. L---~lmade spores using non-virulent B.a. strains. The production method depended on the strain being used. SBA plates were used most often; however B.a. Sterne was rown usin USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012348Anthrax Page 728 of 1446 :r:D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o > oo o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - - o O n 04/29/2003 --3- b6 b7C was at ~~r~~~~seeing~~~----~ was based o ,_..;;;...;;;..a....... r_e_c_a-.:1-.:l.... ed while USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012349Anthrax Page 729 of 1446 (I ' " FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05 I 05 I 2 0 03 social b6 ~~--~----------~----~~~~~--~-a~t~--~p-l~a~c=e~of MY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF RIID) , Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, hone number After being advised of the identity o?f -the interviewing agents and the nature of the interview, provided the following information: I I never lyophilized Ba and does anyone who has ever lyophilized live Ba spores. I I I has? b2 not- knr.~.r r.r b7F 1 Tne .LyopnLuzer J.S manur:accurea oy vJ.rtJ.s andj 1 v-~c-a_m_e__ t_o_U~SAM~R~I~ID~in 2002. The USAMRIID identifier for the ~~--~~==~ lvoohilizer is MMCN number! I I This instrument is manufactured ~--~--~----~--------~--~~----~ by Virtis and was purchased by USAMRIID in 199~e other lyophilizer is located in Roome::] in Buildingl___jand was also manufactured by Virtis?. This instrument came to USAMRIID in 1988. I !believes thtt t:is lyqpbjljz:r was use: ~o free:e-~ry Ba spores produced by .. .... I and 1 . . , . J These spores were lyoP.hi J.ze on an old VJ.rtis lyop J. J.zer t at is now located in Room c:J According to I I the Ba that was I I Investigation on File# by 05/01/2 0 03 at --;;.F::r~e;.:::;d;:.;:e;:.;:r::..::i:::..:c:::;.::kc::.L-,_M::..:.::::a::r.J..v~l;:.;:a;::.:n:::.;d::;:._________________ 279A-WF-222936 SAl USPI I /l)..~l\'lnrL\ ID 279A-BA--C101392 I I -7/ Date dictated This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012350Amhra>< Page 730 of 1446 0 NU I 9 pd} 1 012351Anthrax Page 731 of 1446 ., FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o b6 ,Page___;==--- 279A-WF-222~36, Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - ,On 05/01/2003 lyophilized contained only killed, irradiated spor~e~s~.~~========l~h~a~d~ no knowledqe of anyone ever lvoohilizinq live Ea. I I The laboratories in wer: alwars desi?gnated as ~ _ Anyone who ha~d~~~~~ to he wa k-in cooler in !does not recall any instances of any individuals who violated USAMRIID security protocol by improperly using their access badge or "piggy backing" into any part of the facility. I I never noticed .any suspicious activity by~ individuals and never saw any unauthorized personnel use any ofL__J equipment. I I I had only cursory knowledge of~~~~------~----~ and did not associate withr--lon a regular basis.~l------~1 never worked with I I and did.-n:ot recall ever seeing I I in laboratory. . D USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012352Anthrax Page 732 of 1446 , ....? . FD-302 (Rev. 10-G-95) o - 1- ALL I1JFORMATI 01J CmiTAHIED o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04/28/2003 did not handl~ the letters or envelopes from the mailings. Investigation on at Fort Detrick Mar land hy This document contains neither reconunendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of 1h o FBI ..._ _ _ _i_t:omodoit.os oco.nt.en_t~_"_reototoototoohoeodi.st.ribouoteodoot-tts-?id_e_y_ot-tr-ag-'c-nc-y._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _"'_ 1o 1 am IS oancl~--')~~~u~t?~as~?~t~l<.:~v:======~!..___ USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 1 to 012353Anthrax Page 733 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I worked o 04/23/2003 .Page---~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 2 Continuation ofFD-302 of -=============-----,On I I did n~ow where c::JistoredL__Jwork m~terials. while at USAMRIID, nor where The only lyophilizer at USAMRIID thatl lknows of is located in the hallway of Suitel lhas never used that lyophilizer, and c::]does not knoy how tj operate it. It is used approximately one time per year. _ _did not know if the lyophilizer had ever been in a hot suite A:xone :itp access to Suitec::J which would be everyone in thel _ _ jDivision, has access to the lyophilizer.! ldoes not now o anyone outside the division who has access to the lyophilizer. During the spring of 2001, Suiter--lwas shut down for renovation. 1 I b7F lhas made a lot of B.a. Ames spore preparations. trained to make s ores usin the Lei hton Doi broth method I ~...-____.I provided the following description of how Ames spore preparations: D made b7F USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012354Anthrax Page 734 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 ___._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.....,~~.....--_ _ _ _ ,On Continuation of FD.:302 of 04/23/2 0 03 4 l'age _ _ __ Spores were transported from Building! Ito Building via a metal transport box that was decontaminated by bleach and ultraviolet light. IVINS transported the spores, and this was usually donel I ~..-____..,..~I as IVINS came in early to heat shock the spores. ~~~ b7C b7F A Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Safety would be filled out and signed by the chain b/c USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012355Anthrax Page 735 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-G-9 5) o o , On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 04 I 2 3 I 2 0 0 3 5 Continuation ot"FD-302 of ---L--------------------------j---------- . Page..........:.==-~ of command at USAMRIID for shipment outside of USAMRIID. For movement inside USAMRIID, an internal document needed to be comlleted. B.a. could be shipped in either liquid or frozen form and_ lhad no knowledge of samples being lyophilized and shipped outside of USAMRIID. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012356Anthrax Page 736 of 1446 FD-302 (R;,v. 10-6-95) o - 1I...... o Dat~ ;.of FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION transcription 05/02/2003 On May 1, 2003 ~~--~ date of birth secur~ty account numbe~ I I wasinterv'iewea a P'%,"'' e"'of 'em?:t'oYillen~C:ne..trri:L feL.a.,..,?-.--.-~...... States Army Medical Research Ins tute of Infectious.......Diseases?~-"~ I I 1USA'Mirfff5"r' T42s=-l?orEURer ~s"t:reer???"- ?fforf""'betri'c'K~?.,,Mary!alid. :"?<~teiephone ["''':A:Cter"'ne1ng"~aff"'" Ereacr:f-el1e"'"'icfen:rrr:y.-?of''""fne""agenfs and the purpose of the interview,! information: !provided the following did not directly handle the letters, enve 1 ope s?L.,____,o,..,r~m"'"a~t""'e"""r""'1"""'a:-t from the Da s chl e Leahy Brokaw , ....,;;O:.:r;......;:~.:.:,_..;:;.;;;:.=.:..::., Post mailin s. is currentl workin with the FBI as 1 1 ! There is some piggybacking through doors around the institute, however there should not be any piggybacking into hot suites. L.~--~~~--~1 had no knowledge of the presence or location of any lyophilizers at USAMRIID. Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) Ames samples. I I does not thinkD has ever seen the original I I I Investigation on I Mar land -BA-C1013 92 Date dictated File# 27 hy SA SA you,..,'"',""'~""' ----....1 ...... This document contains neith-er rcconm1endations nor com:lusions of !he FBI. It is !he propetty of !he FBI and is loaned to it and ils contents are not to he distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012357Anthrax Page 737 of 1446 I'D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o l~ os/01/2003 ~I'ngc - - - - - 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 2 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------------------------------~ ?I ~------------------------------------------------------------~--------~ group has not received Ames spores from outside sources.~~--------~ Ames stock is internal and initially came from either BRUCE IVINS orl I The fully virulent B.a.?Ames spore preps are stored in suite! b2 F USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012358Anthrax Page 738 of 1446 o FD-3~ (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 04/28/2003 birth Piggybacking sometimes occurs through doorways at USAMRIID, but it does not hapfen :nlthe hot suites because of security and safety reasons. advised that one could 11 get in trouble" for piggybacking into a o suite. The only ~hilizer at USAMRIID that I I was aware of is located in Suitel__jin Buildingr-----1 He ad~that this lyophilizer is never used and thin~ it has always been located in Biosafety Level (BSLr-llaboratory space. Anyone has access to the lyophilizer/ as alJcidge is not needed to gain access to the area where it is located. !advised that a speed vac, an instrument used to precipitate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be used as an alternative to a lyophilizer for drying material. Speed vacs can only be used for very small samples, such as those that could be contained in an Eppendorf tube. An older speed vac is located in 1 b2 b7 I Investigation on Mar land File# This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012359Anthrax Page 739 of 1446 o FD-30ta(Rev. 10-6-95) o JL__________ I o J - - - - - - - - - , On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA:C101J92 2 ContinuationofFD-302 of 04/24/2 0 0 3 ,Page _ _ __ Suitel but i Q n o t work very well. A newer speed vac was brought into Suite recently, and there are a number of spee~ vacs located throug out USAMRIID. handled any of the letters, envelopes, or material from the Daschle, Leahy, Brokaw, or New York Post letters. b7C !recalled that the text of the Daschle letter alarmed as did the quantity and quality of the material. The material was extremely powdery. The large amount of material present, as well as the lack of clumping were evident when viewed through the microscope. r::J c==J I ~----~IVINS worked with the Daschle letter in the hood in Suite !thinks that the Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) spores found USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012360Anthrax Page 740 of 1446 o FD-30ta (Rev. 10-6-95) o 1 o On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C10i392 ContinuationofFD-302 of JL-----------J-~-------- , 04/24/2 0 0 3 ,Page _ _ __ 3 on the cold side through the IVINS' independent swabbing project were from the Daschle letter material. There is?a rule at USAMRIID that individuals are supposed to wear gloves when working in the hood. USAMRIID does not want people to wear gloves in the hallways or in other,"grey areas". b7C ldoes not know _,_ I lhas never seen the oriainal B.a. Ames material and it is ln("rlt"An I I USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012361Anthrax Page 741 of 1446 -.. FD-3M.'lt (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA~Cl01J92 Continuation ofFD-302 of 04/24/2003 --~----------------j--------------- , Page 4 ---"=:;:.._- I ~ !does not ship B.a. Ames spores andr--ldoes not sharespore preps with anyone at USAMRIID.~ not received any B.a. Ames spores from anyone within or outside the institute. has not worked with ~-------r--~~------~--------~does not have access to Building because does not have the necessary vaccinations. Therefore,_--~ has not s ored any jmaterial in the Room0walk in cool ofl .-----....a..--,~--:--:-::.Jdid not know and has never spoken begin loyment at USAMRIID until after left. has heard from eo le at USAMRIID I I USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012362Anthrax Page 742 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Deleted Page(s) - 2 Page 23- ReferralfDrrect Page 56 ~ b2, b6, b7C, b7F USAMRIID Section 9.pdf 012363Anthrax Page 743 of 1446 o o /' b7C FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 03/30/2003 On March 28, 2003, I I was interviewed atc:::Jplace of e~m~p~l~o-ym~e-n~t~,~~--------------~~~----, UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone~!~~--~~ I I After being advised of the identities of the Agents and the purpose of the interview, I !provided the following information: usual contingent of peoP.rl~e~f~r~o~m~t~h~e~l------------~ likely in attendance at~~~~--~~--------~~~~~ listed the7followin individuals BRUCE IVINS in e event. b6 USAMRIID. ~ not have access to ~----------------------~ at Suites b6 Investigationon 03/28/2003 at Fort Detrick, Maryland Filo # by 27r-WF-2?2936-IIQl>Mprrn ~t ... Jo~ 9A-BA-Cl01392 2 b7C D"'""""" r ? Tilis document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of ihe FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ~eo~'/ - USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012364Anthrax Page 744 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 2 b7F 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------L-----------'~ 03/28/2003 may ave to access ut t ey ~ not go into these areas. Since the Fall of 2001, access to Suites B3 and B4 has become more restricted. There is a large lyophilizer in the hallway outside of Suiter-l in Building 1425. Everyone in the area would notice if it was~use. A lyophilizer is not present in either Suites D or nor in I I D I Idescribed I I I If Lc_o_n--:-t-a-m..... ~-n-a-:-t-.~-o-n_w_e_r_e_p_r_e_s_e_n-:-t---.~-n-t.~~~~========~-:;-11-r~-;-k-e-:::l-y_s_i;-:t~e-s--Jwould be handles to doors and incubators, in addition to controls of equipment, where there is a high frequency of work conducted with organisms.! !does not wear gloves in the change room or offices. ~-~-~~-~~~~~~--~~--;-~~--~~~~ I did not witness of the letters, but believes that BRUCE IVINSI I lworked on a letter in Building 1425, Suite B3l~~-~ !witnessed IVINS! !working with the letter in this area. A chain of custody ex~sts, documenting work conducted on the evidentiary material in Suite B3l !understands from BRUCE IVINS I I initiated the cell count conducted in Suite B3. t e handl~nq The conflicting stories over the handling of the ~a~chle letter are due partly to contamination issues at USAMRIID.I I characterized the issue as a problem of perception. The Div~s~on feels crucified for contaminating an area. In addition, the questioning of work place practices has been viewed as an attack on personal pride.! !believes that the contamination issues have been overly hyped. Improper packaging initially of the Daschle letter may have led to the contamination. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012365Anthrax Page 745 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o D o 3 ,Page _ _ _ _ b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~====================L-__________ ,On 03/28/2003 I received stock of B.a. Ames from BRUCE IVINS. IVINS went~b~a-c~k~t~o the original B.a. Ames slant and generated a new stock in order to keep the pathogen as close to the host as possible. IVINS provided his Ames strain tal lin the following manner: He retrieved his stock from the freezer, took out a lao an 1 ' gave the plate tal I In addition to the B.a. Ames ~~~..--------~r~e~c~a~l~led obta1n1ng an spore preparation from IVINS This material was generated from IVINS' stock ~--~~------------~ To maintain uniformity of lineaqe amonq the laboratorv arouos workina toaether I ~--~~~----~----~~~--~~--~~~----~~~!everyone already I I had the1r own Ames stocks. Investiqators 1n the Bacteriology Division used IVINS' Ames stock. I lwas not sure of the oriain of the Ames used byl I .,__"""T"""__~__JI der1 ved from the or1g1na1 slant. 1....____________,1 various B.a. strains I I but not ? Ames. .,.a.I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Idees not store much in the way of 'true' Ames stocks or~s-p_o_r_e p~reparations. It would be fairly obvious if vials __ were missing. However, someone could take a~loo out without notice. With the small volumes of Ames that ____ stores. if an appreciable volume was gone, c::Jwould notice. I stores numerous stocks of Ames variants. These materials are visually distinct from wild type Ames. 'Normal' Ames appears pale gray, with medusa-like colonies, when plated and is not hemolytic. With aging, the culture becomes grainy and blebs appear. Ames mutants appear yellow in color and display hemolytic activity. If a person did not know better, he might mistake the mutant material as not anthrax. I I has never had a reason to qenerate a larae amount of B.a. Ames spores.! I USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012366Anthrax Page 746 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o FBI re us~ng B.a.~--------------~ o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 03/28/2003 4 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~---------------------L----------- , Page __:==--- ~a.gramed the exper~mental procedure for . . . the Agents. A copy of th~s d~agram ~s attache d and the or~q~na 1 ~s maintained in a lA envelop (FD-340) . 1 I I wh~ch still remained after this study repository. I / The v~als conta~n~ng Ames, were submitted to the FBI I I I ltvnicall v used I I The inve su .__~___,r--___. work in the laboratory. are not of pract~ca use for c::::J may use these types of conta~ners for the storage of files at home. Small plastic boxes with gaskets are used for materials that require airtight storage. Steel containers and Styrofoam coolers are used for transport of materials between buildings. I tlid not recall observing the use of large plastic bins in Building o a n d was not sure if -these containers were used in Building ast~c ~ns Large p USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012367Anthrax Page 747 of 1446 -IFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04/21/2003 b6 On 04/15?2003 SAl laccompaniedl I .------=...;;...;::.c,lto c:J laboratory located in roomc:::J of building ~~!of the U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (USAMRIID) to viewD laboratory notebooks. D In a 3-ring binder labeled~--------------------------~ SA ~...I--------~1 found reference to: ~--------~j~...l------------------~~challenge using Ames spores on , An experiment onl lusingl !purification of Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain in practice f.or the purification of Bacillus anth!acis Vellum and Ames strains. AI !protocol on the purification of spores via a Renografin density gradient. A ~~~--~~ Ames spore preparation made vi~._____. sporulation plates. ..,I fori Iand I An lAmes spore preparations made I I Ames spore preparation. haryested ! Final.L---___________. ~uringl concentrat~on~l______________________..... ~--------~--~~ purified vt?~--------~~~~------~ r-----------~l~a~Jd comb~ne~ on~--------~ F~nal r -_________A_m_e~s,spore preparat~~?o~n~~~------------~==~ Investigation on / File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, by ~0~4~/=1=5~/=2~00~3~-~ Fort Detrick Mar land Date dictated 279A-BA-C101392 04/21/2003 _sA-IIL___ _ _ _ _tl-l_af_.__________--__ b6 'This document contains neither reconunen~ons nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012368Anthrax Page 748 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .. - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 04/15/2003 Social was 1nterv1ewe at After be1ng advised of the identity of t~h~e~--~ agents and the natu~e of the interview,~~----~ following information: involved fac1lities in Building at USAMRIID were used by b7 b2~ b7E Investigation on byJL--------------------------~r-----------------~ I, ~====================~ Date dictated This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. t.!ll'-t..W....J.l~!!lli:::iml12.WUUJJ.i FBI and is loaned to your agency; I I USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012369Anthrax Page 749 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) e. 279A-WF-C101392 279A-WF-222936 b7C F research team workin !advised that~ould take a small sample of soores from the oriqinall I I lstated thatc==Jkept thel lbottle containing r~--------~,~~1~n~a~safety conta1ner which was sealed by a rubber gasket. ~~--~~~stored thel lin a drawer in the walk-in refrigerator located on thel lof Building! I !advised that after the renovation of Buildin 1412 was complete 1n the year 2000 or 200l,r--lkept some~------~--~ containing deposited Ba Spores in the wark-in refrigera or oca ed on the of Building advised that before the anthrax mailings some researchers kept their items in the I b 7c I I I I F USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012370Anthrax Page 750 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 279A-WF-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --L_ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - - - - - ,On 04/15/2003 ,Page-~-- b6 refrigerators using 11 inappropriate 11 containers such as cardboard boxes. I I stated that after the mailings administrative procedures were tightened and the use of cardboard boxes in the refrigerators discontinued . ....,__..--.... stated that whenD work at USAMRIID was turned over the remainder of Ba Ames Strain advised that there 1s written documentation ~r-e_g_a_r~d~i-n-g-.~t~h-e~t-r_a_n_s~f-e-r~of the Ba tol !advised thatr---l never transferred any Ba to any other researcher, nor did t~ any Ba out of Building 1412. concluded 0 D !advised that~ not know what media was used to grow the Ba Ames Strain whrcnc==Jwas given by IVINS' group to conduct c::::::::Jresearch. I lstated that was not immediately aware of the concentration of spores in but believed that this was documented. I I state t at notebooks are still located in the 11 hot su1te" in Building~-_.... I I !advised that inl After the letter containing from the office of SENATOR THOMAS DA as ed to participate 1n a anthrax mailings. advised ~the forensic research een to the left USAMRIID and went last name unknown !advised that everyonec==Jobserved conducting research at USAMRIID practicjd g~od safety procedures in the hot suites. !advised that ould have liked USAMRIID to have I I USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012371Anthrax Page 751 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 279A-WF-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - . . . . J . - - - - - - - - - - , On 04/15/2 003 , Page _ _4.:::....__ had better access controls regarding the storage of bacteria and other agents. lals~~r~e~c~a~l~l~e=d~.:l::::::~::~:~~~~~f~r~o~m~t~h~e~l~a~b~o~r~a~t~o~r~v~l--,___~r ~s-t_a_t_e~d~thatl 1 laborator){ in I "I I recallF>rl I I workJ.nq 1n the I faCfv18ed that~~~~--------~------~~~ I I stated that if one wanted to know wbat was aring on at USAMRIID, they should talk to~~------------------------~1 !employees. b7C I Iadvised that~ not know ~L-------------.L------, c = l d i d remember I I tellfn9L......J about thel ~rking at USAMRIID. ~----------------~ ~--------._____~l~a~d~v~J.~?sed that.~~~--------------~--~--~~~--~ I I telephone __JI may be able to provide contact information for~~------~ ,_1- - - , __ _ USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012372Anthrax Page 752 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription 0 5/2 8 / 2 0 0 3 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION I !received al I ~----------~ lA curriculum vitae provided byl ~----~ lis attached. I I currently is the I I which is involved J.n thel lthe United L..,s~~"~;?t-a-t:-e-s-A~r-m-y"':"M::-e-!d....,:J.,...c-a-Ll......,I~n s=t"'"J.-:-t-u-:-t-e-o..,) ... f....-::I::-n-.f=-e-c~t:--J."~""o u s_D:::::-:-i~s-e_a_s_e_s_. (USAMRI ID) ____ froml USAMRIID froml I I I I to the following: I lcontinuina education includes but is not 11mirPn I Investigation on 05/28/2003 at Frederick, MD ,..,.. eve~ 0\if'liti"'-lt. II\ 2 7 9A- WF- 2 2 2 9 3 6- POI 2.. .;7: . .:9: . :A: . : _: : .:B: :.:A:. .: :-: . : C: .:!;l: . .t0. !. ;13:::::9:_2 _ _ _ _ /---::---1-----~~1-----!!..:"30 t.r '0~(4\.t File# 279A-WF-222936-302 279A-WF-222936-USAMRJRli.~dictated 05/28/2003 ~"-1 I Postal Inspector 1:.;9.J "b<c:; by _ !FBI ~ l JLQ .st {Y(pLd JJ' J :Q This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012373Anthrax Page 753 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o OS/2 8/2 0 03 , Page --=2__ 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ t - - - - - - - - - - ,On I !experience inclldesl I at USAMRIID. I I th~s I has an lwork, experience, professional organization membership, !which is included in alA envelope with re p ort. I I stated that I work included vaccine/antibiotics studies andl I In tnese worked withal r stuct.~es ,I I r 1 I I stated thatD was aware oT the 'rilization of wet spray ~experimenting with (B.a.)._ Iinvolved !indicated that USAMRIIDI in work on molecular b~ology I of Bac~llus anthracis (B.a.). included individuals _stated that other who were involved in molecular work with Ba BR CE IVIN I lrelated thatl_j was not aware of any other disgruntle employee's at USAMRIID. !related that[ lhas the expertise to weaponize ~B==-.-a-.-,-'but nad not been working in the laboratory I I USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012374Anthrax Page 754 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o 05/28/2003 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation of FD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - - - ,On _....::3::.....__ lat USAMRIID during the timel Iused These studies often dealt with the weaponization of (B.a.). Suite c===J lstated that the Ames strain of B.a. was stored in in building 1425 at USAMRIID, and that c=Jworked i n D I !related that the only security or access problem thatC"Jwas aware, of at USAMRIID was an employee that l:aine~ access to a hot suite using another employee's access badge. could not recall who the employees were, but recalled that t e individual/individuals involved in the incident had authorization to be in the hot suites, but forgot his/her access badge.! I could not recall any other situation involving improper access to the,hot suites. ~~-~lwas questioned as to the physical security at USAMRIID and as to any weakness in security that would allow someone to take any biological or chemical agents from the base. I I stated that the base had tight controls in place and was partially due to Congress's implementation of the Select Agent Rule prior 1997, whereby controls were implemented to safe guard agents that were to be removed and transferred from facility to facility. These controls included the review and approval of any select agent transfer.by the Deputy Commander and the head of security of USAMRIID,I lstated that the recently adopted Patriot Act also tightened controls on the transfer of select agents. !opined that the Ames strain used in the Anthrax mailings c~o-u~l~d~nave come from USAMRIID, butc=Jbelieved that it would not have been taken from USAMRIID in a dry form. I I advised thatc::Jbelieves a person would have had to have taken a small amount of B.a. Ames, and would have had to grow the B_a. on their own.l lsaid that they could grow it g a blood agar and washing it with water three to five times. related in order to achieve a high quality the spores could be was ed up to fifteen times.c==Jstated that in order to dry B.a., solvent methods could u? USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012375Anthrax Page 755 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o b7C 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - - , On 05/2 8/2 0 03 , Page _ _4::.._.._ be utilized rather than another drying process. In this way/ the B.a. would not have to be milled to achieve a powder form. L related that as soon as B.a. is dried it is a highly dange~r~o~u~s~~ substance. ~~~!theorized that it is possible for one person to be responsible for the mailings butc==Jwould not discount that the mailin s were State s onsored terrorism. then related that decontamina~t-e~C~l~ass I and Class II bio-safety cabinets. !advised that Clorox would be sprayed on to Paraformaldehyde fumigation was also part of the Standard OP.erating Procedure (SOP) at USAMRIID in the decontamination process. I I stated that usage of glutaraldehye 1 as a decontamination agent 1 was limited and was not utilized in the suites as it was too dangerous. I I said that the decontamination efforts at USAMRIID. I known I Isaw I lhad not I verv well at USAMRIID .I I lstated that I I recall any other specific information regarding L...---~ I !requested to end the incerview before questioned had been concluded 1 asc:Jneeded to respond to some incoming phone USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012376Anthrax Page 756 of 1446 . . ,, .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o 05/28/2003 ,Page _ 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of - L __ _ _ _ _ __ _ J ! - - - - - - - - - - - - ,On _:5:::....__ date. calls.~~----~I was agreeable to conclude the interview at a future USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012377Anthrax Page 757 of 1446 ... FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o < ~.? .,.. iI o ' , . };~~~~- ;_!l;~T~ . :r.? t:;O l."-- .. ! COPY FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription I ~---------O~n May 29, 2003, Security interviewed at lace of I Social date of birth was by Special Agents (SAs) ~~~~~~--~~~~----~--~--~--c_fter being advised of the identities of the interviewing Agents and the purpose of the interview, I !provided the following information: In I I assisted with thel I JDegan 1n~eract1ng ._W.....,l...,.t.....h-:-t'T"h-e-=u=N=I=TE=o=--s=T=A:-:T=E=-:S:::--::A:-::R~M=-Y::--:-:M:::E:-:::D-=I-=C':"'A=-1-R~E=-s=E=A::-:R:::-:C=H-:-:::!I NSTI TUT E 0 F INFECTIOUS DISEASES (USAMRIID) inl I USAMRIID personnel SUPPlied bioloaical aaents used for develoPment and testinal I I was the ma1n POlnt of contact at IJSAMRIID .::J.nd I I !completed USAMRIID'S immunization program and worked in roomc=J of Building I I recalled that initial work was conducted! I I I Sample handling and preparation were not conducted in a biosafety containment suite as the biolo ical a ents used in testin such as were not "hot". prov1ded and handled these materials b7c Investigation on 7 9A-BA-C101392 Date dictated This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012378Anthrax Page 758 of 1446 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 05/2 9/2003 , Page --=2~- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - , On and stored them in an u refrigerator in roomr--l On occasion, ipet small volumes o~ liquid material from vials After use, all samples and materials were decontaminated, either chemicall or in the autoclave. I !primary function was~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I maintained a variab sc working at USAMRIID one day a week, or less. While I lwas emoloved withl I b6 During I~~~~------~--~------~~~ completed the immunization program and becamel~~-------------------~1 scientist for the sample handlinq aspects of thel I I r----------------------------------------------------------,1-i~'.n-lt~:e-.-~.-~-~?~?r-o.~~withl b7C I I Collaboration F I I develop and refine a technique fori lwork was ~---~~~~~~-----~~------~------~~~---~~------~---~---~ Ames spores conducted wJ.th Bac~llus anthrac~s (B.a.) Ames. The B.a. were supplied in liquid form by BRUCE IVINS of USAMRIID and were stored in a refrioerator in room c::::Jof Building I I with the assistance of I I used a hO'Od line in room I I assisted I I I I work on the project as I b6 b7C USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012379Anthrax Page 759 of 1446 '"FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 0 5/2 9/2 0 0 3 , Page _...:3::.__ res onsibilit durin 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - , On e but not the raw B.a. spore material. recalled holding the container of spores and lookin at the material in the biosafet hood on one occasion. Prior to B.a. Ames spores were store on a sma wa -in cooler. I !accessed this in Building r===Jand indicated that the area was packed with various materials. c==rrecal seeing racks of tubes and plastic boxes with l1~?d~s~?--~ however did not look around too much. Once anal zed in to chemically deactivate the spores. I !worked at USAMRIID initially as a b7C access t~o~t~h~ta~------------------~----~D suites. The biocabinet housing I I was shared with I I however, the work conducted bvl lat USAMRIID was not related tol I hands-on work in tne .Lanoratory was sporaa1c as1 1pr1mary function was that ofl ldid not know the specifics of the research conducted byl !indicated that current studies involve collaboration with USAMRIID ersonnel. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012380Anthrax Page 760 of 1446 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of i __ _ _ _ _ _ _. . J - - - - - - - - - - - ' O n 05/29/2003 ,Page -L ,,....,..1 as !believed that the oroiect will o. funding, I I has been provided to USAMRIID for continued contributions to the proiect. I Iwill supposedly replace! lwill cont1nue to prov1de the I ~----~----~expressed doubts as to the feas1b1l1ty of th1s arrangement. I ~~---~~identified all o~c::J work areas at USAMRIID on a floor plan provided by the Agents. The floor plan shown to I lis maintained in alA envelope (FD-340) .I lwas in USAMRIID Buildi~ Ito access the I I I I butl_j did not conduct laboratory work in this building. has never meet Aside from and ersonnel directly involved in the ~~~~-~---~-r-~ did not interact with USAMRIID employees. recalled ~-------~and individuals working in ne1ghboring spaces. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012381Anthrax Page 761 of 1446 o - 1~~----------~~ o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05I 09I 2003 On May 8, 2003, Social Securit~y~----~~~~--~----._--~~ interviewed at lace Agents SAs)L-~--~~--~~~~--~--r---~~ After being advised of the identities of the Agents, ~p~r~o~v~1~d~e~d the following information: ~------~ I lhas been workin_g_ at.l I lfor aooroximatelvl ~~~~r~1~o~r=-rt:~o,--------------rllw~,~~~=-~~~ 1 J'Yllen J;11e _2_r01 ect was 1n1__1:_1a__1:_eJ:!..J las the or1ginal L !wanted to extend the study to the anal~sis of real 1 1 rather than just simulants; thus, c:::J contactedr I at the ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS 6 SEASES (U~ID). r----lfunded USAMRIID'S contributions to the project, asl__jcoul~rovide funding to the military. A Memorandum of Understanding was drafted between! land USAMRIID designating the Institute as the provider of bioloqjfal agents for use in developing I~--------------------------~- the 1 prov1aea ov 1 1 was I Funding was J og1cal agents the Investigation on .......;:::...::::...~~=..:::;.;::;;...__ 0510812003 at :o # ~~ ro-lllE-22 2 93iHIS!\MB I ro'' 21 r-BA-Cl 0 B92 Doto ""''"' This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012382Anthrax Page 762 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) ,... o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ r - - - - - - - - ,?On 05/08/2003 --=2__ not les for the Initially, a commercial mass spectrometer was used to obtain the biological s~gnatures of myriad agents. An organism in liquid form was deposited on a slide. Once dry, the slide was inserted into the instrument sample compartment for analysis. These measurements were made inl !laboratory space. I I Extension of the project, to include~~--~-~-~ I re uired the construction of a taken to USAMRIID for testing.~--~~---------------L~~~~~ was used to condu 1 work. worked with laborato~r----e-r_s_o_n n_e~l----~~-.----._-, __ l~o~n~c~e~----------------~--~--~ ~worked mainly with Bacillus anthracis. BRUCE IVINS .with a tube of liquid B.a. Ames spores at a conc~ntration of -10 12 cfu/mL.I ldid not know the specifics of how the spores were grown, but recalled that the material was gradient purified using renograph. No additives were used to enhance the properties of the spores. The Ames spore preparation was stored in the I I walk-in cooler in the containment facility of Building I I The tape samples containing deposited agents were stored in a Tupperware container in the same location. I ldid not recall the maintenance of a log or inventory for the walk-in cooler. I lwas aware of the location and types of provided! I b2 b7F USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012383Anthrax Page 763 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . ?o . o o 05/08/2003 , Page _____ 3 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _. . . J - - - - - - - - - - , On samples! lgroup was storing.! ldid not know what other materials were stored in the cooler. The cooler was accessible to. anyone with authorization to enter the hot area of Building~~----~ The tapes containing biological agents were autoclaved and discarded after use. A total of -50 sample tapes were made for the project.~~~~----~lwas desiynated as the caretaker of the remaining B.a. Ames spores whenL lleft USAMRIID. I !conducted aside froml jassisted with ?aJ ver~ limited work with the B.a. Ames I I I has never met I Idid not hana ? around USAM.~R~I~I~D~out side of r-L]---+--r~a~b~o=-=r~a=-:lt~o=-=r~:v~w~o:-.:r~k~a:-.:n:-.:dr-rk~newl I ?individuals at the Institute, includinol r-I response.J ldJ.d not attend anv I lcould not rPr.~ll I r J r Ldid not mPAt I J I ~--------~------~fregarding what countries had weaponized anthrax. ~M~e-d~i-c-a~l--a_n_d~e-n_v_J.~.r~onmental?biological samples may have been lpid not recall discussions withl I discussed, as scientists often culture isolates from dead animals to obtain diverse strains for assay development. I I did not believe, for several reasons, that the anthrax ma1l1ngs were performed by a terrorist organization. The mailer did not capitalize on the advantage gained after the first mailings by sending additional letters. The odd pattern indicated to I I that the mailer ran out of agent, which would be unlikely for a terrorist group capable of manufacturing a large amount of material. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012384Anthrax Page 764 of 1446 : o '1 ! FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 05/08/2003 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --L-------...1----------o0n -L I Jprior to working with 1,-----'-,.1-a~t-=u~sAM~R=-=rI:::-:o=--.,.1--r-:::ll~e-:f::-:"t--::u=-=s~AM~R-=r-=r"="o--::::'fo_r a i ob at: the . ...... I lhas worKea at the I 1 for approximatelvl lone or two people formerly at USAMRIID, I has continued to work at USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012385Anthrax Page 765 of 1446 y. FD-302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o ~ o 1~ Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 7 /2 8 /2 0 0 3 cJ.al securJ.t b7C ~--~--~--~Jdoes not maintain a diary or log concerningc==J work .I Idoes not use a lyophilizer and has never dried anthrax.! ldoes not use sterilite containers and does not recall seeing these type of containers at USAMRIID. I Jdoes not know where anthrax is stored but guessed it would be in thd suite.l Jdoes not know of anyone who could be associated with the anthrax mailings. b7c I F I r---------_....__,--:-:,...,--:--~1 uses the walk in cooler on the I Inrar buildingJ Ito store vials of serum. j : never witnessed anyone ?~gy back 11 in and out of the hot/ suJ.tes, and could not recall ifl__jhad ever saw foreign visitors enter the hot suites. I ih 27, 2003 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012386Anthrax Page 766 of 1446 FD-302a (Rey. 10-6-95) o ,._J_ _ _ o ~02 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID 279A-WF-222936~ 279-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --L------------.....1-------'0n July 25, 200;3:>age _2_ b6 I lhas not been contacte~dan one trying to obtain anthrax or aijything else from USAMRIID. does not use or purchase pre-stamped envelopes and has not seen any at USAMRIID. never metl I --~..l...: .;:o:. .:e: . : s:., not persofall~ knrw I d: lnever saw at USAMRIID. o land has ' I ~has no friends or associates who reside in New Jersey .1 [believes I Iduring the ~s of the anthra& mailings.! !provided agents copies ofl___j employee time sheets recdrds. Copies of~~~~---~ltime sheet records are enclosed in a lA envelope. I USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012387Anthrax Page 767 of 1446 DATE c,FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 07/24/2003 I interviewed L------...----L-=~:.....;; ._s_o_c..,.i-a""'l__.securi ty account number On July 22, 2003, SA of employment, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Fort Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID located Detrick Mar land tele hone advised of the identity of the agents an interview, I I provided the following I lwas on I I I b7C areas are Suites wears gloves the entire time that D i s in a hot suite, with the exception of whenc:]is in the office area and when D u~ the telephone. D only wears gloves in a cold laboratory when L..J is using sterile technique or when D i s working inside of a hood. Some piggyback entry occurs through doorways around USAMRIID, however it has decreased within the last two years. There is not any piggyback entry into hot suites. I lknew of one exception to this wherein a person who was in training and did , I I Investigation on Mar land N/'(A by -----L---------------~---------------------------------------- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012388Anthrax Page 768 of 1446 ,FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o 07/22/2003 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - . . J - - - - - - - - - - ,On _....::3:::.___ I did not work with or handle the letter/ envelope or materi~a~l--c_o_n~t-a~i.ned therein from the Daschle 1 Leahy 1 New York Post, or Brokaw mailings. c==Jonly knowledge of any work done with the letters is as follqws. I b7C b7F I I advised that the airlock on the I I of Building I lis not meant to be used as an entry for people. If a person was to enter the hot side through any door other than the change rooms 1 an alarm would ring. If one of the two doors leading to the airlock is open the other door cannot be open at the same time. The I Ipassbox is located on the I Iof the building. 1 tha~t~~I~V~I~N~S~maintains including Vollum lB and Texas. ~----~~-~--~Bacillus I lhas worked all strains of Bacillus anthracis ~~~--~ anthracis (B.a.) Ames spores for use and has used B.a. Ames in injection studies as done anthrax! !studies with BASSETT growsc==Jown B.a. Ames spores using the Leighton-Doi method. The only ~?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ this ose is located in Room b7C b2 F lin the -70 degree Celsius freezer !hallway, and in the refriyerator in Room ~~--~l_______________________~Jand a freezer log r located in the Suitel USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012389Anthrax Page 769 of 1446 'lFD-302a {Rev. 10-.6-95) o o 0 7 /2 2/2 0 0 3 , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - ,On ___;==--b7c is maintained which contains such information as who the material belongs to and where it originated from. ~------~!autoclaves any extra B.a. Ames spores on the same day of the study in which it was used, with the exception of when the autoclave is down for maintenance. has never shared an B. a . Arne s s ore re ara t ions . .,;....;...;;.;.;.;..;;.;.;;.;;...;...;._...__~----------...;._--------.-.., b2 F USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012390Anthrax Page 770 of 1446 ~-302 ~v. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05/16/2003 I ~--------~On interviewed a t i \ l a c e :O?=~ MedicaJ._ . ~?.S.~c;:l!-m~L~~~c;ii.O:{is~.Iirs..ei~~:i Ws~l~li---. . . Porter St ~..t..,-E.o..x..t....D...e.t c ;.J::!.aLy..l.an.Q..,_t_eJ.....swJl=g_ll...,,.Ce_~....,l---::----:-------1 After being advised of the identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview,! !provided the following information: u L socEJ'~-C-1J.rJt.:v.: c;t_Fca 1 May 13, 2003, , date o~ birth t number was o .. ~ntd,.,.,tlls:LU,n,.~~t;.s= States Army: In addition to created for SA Baltimore FBI? ~--------------~~~agreed to locate a copy of the~----------~ the agents. in some I I had limited contact with I lwas not oresent for thel I b7F ~--~~!advised that USAMRIID received very little material from the Brokaw letter, only two to three "grains". The New York FBI office first sent the letter to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and the FBI then moved the letter from the CDC to USAMRIID. USAMRIID was advised not to do any work with the letter until given further notice, and it was stored at room temperature in Rooml lin a locked cabinet. I !thinks Investigationon 05/13/2003 at Fort Detrick ~ Mar land \"1{) 279A-WF-222936-302":''0'1'00 \\'tl-:!1 File #'-279 . D 279A-BA-C101392 1 Date dictated ss~ ___________________.____ by SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012391Anthrax Page 771 of 1446 FD-302a (R~v. 10-6-95) ;. o o A swab 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of that one 11 grain 11 of the B.a. was removed and sent for EM. of the envelope was taken for culture purposes. USAMRIID held the Leahy letter in storage and did not do any work with it for an extended period of time. The letter remained in the original plastic can in which it was received, with the evidence tape still intact. During this time, there were numerous meetings about how the letter should be handled, and a protocol was written outlfninJ the exact steps to be taken. In addition, a room in Suite was being set up to work the Leahy letter in accordance with the established protocol. to be use for wor 1...---------1 in response to a canvass of I I I I From the time the Leahy letter was opened, the two person team rule was put into effect from that point forward. Once the doors to Rooms werl double srcured, the stored letters were moved there from Room ~ l...-------1 USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012392Anthrax Page 772 of 1446 F??302a (Rav. 10-6-95) o o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of !advised that things were handled in a different manner at~t~h~e~t~i~me the Daschle letter was received at USAMRIID, and many lessons were learned from their work with the letter. Personnel from the United States Capitol Police and the FBI t.ransported several acka es to USAMRIID one contained the Daschle letter. At that t1me, 1t was unclear which of letters was the source of the B.a. contamination, as several letters had been packaged together in ziploc bags. There were many people present inl lat the time Daschle letter was being in-processed. The analysis of the Daschle letter began immediately upon its arrival. One container had two bottles of fluid from a preliminary hand-held analysis of the letter after it was opened in the Hart Senate Office Building. Some of this fluid was removed and sent for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis and to b2 b7F b6 I I After being told by the USCP that the packaging had been decontaminated/ the can containing the zi loc bags was opened just enough to take some photographs in The ziploc bags containing the letters were not opene t e Daschle letter itself was never opened in Rooml Although at that time, the policy at USAMRIID did not prohibit opening items received for analysis inside of a hood in a Biosafety Level (BL) 2 laboratory, none of the four letters were ever opened inl I I b2 F The letters were then moved to Suite Roomll and placed into separate ziploc bags. These baas were oroba~ obtained from Roomr--lin Suitel I I I The FBI and USPIS wanted additional ohotoaraohs of the Daschle letter taken immediatelv I I USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012393Anthrax Page 773 of 1446 ~D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 0 5/13/2 0 0 3 , Page --=5=--b7C b7 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L___________ J - - - - - - - - - , On lwas aware that BRUCE IVINS performed a concentration count on some material from the Daschle letter in Suite B3, and thought that some material had been removed from the letter and given to IVINS for that purpose. When the agents advised! lof a handwritten chain of custod indicating that I lsigned the letter over to IVINS for the concentration determination I Prior to the irradiation of the Daschle letter, a quick study was done to determine if the process would have an effect on any fingerprints that might have been present. After the Daschle letter was irradiated and a sterility check was performed, the letter was photo ra hed. thinks that the Daschle letter was amma irradiated ~----~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~--~-~t~r-a~1-n-e~d .,.;;;.;;;;;..;;;;.;;;;.;;;.;;;;.;;;.._.;.;.=.;;;._..;;;.;;;;..;;;;...;;;;.;;;;.;;;;;.;;;.;;;.;:;..;;;;, b7C b2 F some peop e to irradiate in Room and are located in a suite I I . The B.a. from the New York Post letter was granular and appeared to be a number of different colors. When B.a. is centrifuged, it appears to be brown at the bottom of the tube, tan in the middle, and a lighter color or white at the top of the tube. If the material is left to dry in the tube and then ground up, it would appear to be different colors. With regard to the New York Post and Brokaw material,! !thinks that the mailer either did not know how to do the final purification step or that they pulled the wrong tube of material to use first?. ~~------------~ USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012394Anthrax Page 774 of 1446 F??302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 Daschle and Leahy material was in the envelopes and that it assed throu h the machiner 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of and others at the Washington Field Office thatc==Jthinks the source of the anthrax in the mailings was domestic, as an international source would not use 11 crappy material 11 for the New York Post and Brokaw letters. ~mailings. I Prior to the receipt of the Daschle letter, the Special Pathogens Sample Test Laboratory (SPSTL) had a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for receiving and opening threat letters. This SOP included a flow chart of how to process a letter and called for the preparation of a wet mount and culture of the material. The employees were taught that they could work with the sample safely at the c:::Jlevel until the nature of the material was determ]b6 l. This SOP has been modified because of the fall 2001 anthrax b/c ~;F J Room~ ~--~--------~luw~o~r~k~~s~pace at USAMRI~ludes:~ildin~ I and Building L__JSuite L_JRooms~ b/c USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012395Anthrax Page 775 of 1446 FJ??302a (R~v. 10-6-95) o l He also used Buildinql o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L __________j_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 05/13/2003 ,Page_...:.,?_ _ I Room I Io Prior tol Buildin B.a. Ames spore preparat1ons could have been removed in cooler without being missed, as they were not keeping track of sample volumes. Some of the tubes were lab~led as B.a. Ames spores and were stored in a 1% phenol and wa~er :yoJutjon ffr a long time. I ldid. not know where the Su1tesL _spore preps were stored. It is very likely that the difference in purity of the powder between the two mailings could be explained by someone having taken several tubes of B.a. Ames which were from different batches with different levels of purity. I lsaid this to either ADIC Harp or SSAI !previously. The Dugway B.a. that was made at the FBI'S request is different material from the purified Dugway spores used by IVINS in aerosol challenges. The former Du:way B.a. was weighed out in Room I I after its receipt. I _ IIVINS did not handle or weigh the material. Prior to t e anthrax mailings, the only Dugway B.a. at USAMRIID was that maintained and used by IVINS. b7F ~r--o-m~t~e~R~o-o-m~r--,wa1k b7F ? USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012396Anthrax Page 776 of 1446 FJ??302a (R<>v. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Any B.a. containing both plasmids grows very well in New Soorulation Medium (NSM) . I I There has been an exchange of B.a. Ames spore preps and anthrax vaccine between USAMRIID and.Porton Down. This has been in an effort to answer some questions about the vaccine and about differences between strains. The B.a. Ames spore preps sent to Porton Down were probably from the IVINS strain rather. than the I !strain. I !identified the following individuals as those who I I r-----~------------------~--~~----~~1 IVINS,! I I lspore preps are mostly used to study toxin product1on,1 1 I advise?! that there are other people thatL__JJ.s not aware of who produce B.a. spores. approximately I I lhas never lvoohilized anv live B.a. soores. From I ~------~------~~-=~~~~~~~~~~~~~ had a binder containin provided to the agents. Receipt in exchange for the older notebooks containin the records for all of the whichc::J an FD-597 Property also have b6 I I advised that I hand One J.S a large Virt1s model located in Building 1425, Room~~--------------------------------~IIt was previously used by receipt. I b7C USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012397Anthrax Page 777 of 1446 Fp-302a (R-ev. 10?6-95) o L:J b The 1voohilizer in Room I o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - , On 05/13 /2 0 03 , Page _ _:::_._ _ I I IThe other is located in I of Su1 te and has not been USE?d by I I This l~o:hilizer was located nea._r_?--:-t,..h_e___. b6 Virology Division for a time. !aware that anoth~ lyophili~ was located in a r OC!OSS the hall from Rooml__j b7F althoughL_Jis not the hand receipt holder for this item . lean be accessed bv I .-----..., Lnd ........,~----=--------=---r-~~-__.1 It has been located in Room L_j since 1ts purchase, and 1t has never been in a hot area . .__--:-,.._~~-----~-~-~~~~was trying to find the lyophilizer that is currently located in the hallway outside of ~---~~lmay have been the individual who notifiedc==Jof the location of the lyophilizer . .?1 Iadvised that this particular I could have been accessed by anyone, as opposed to all others wh1ch were kept behind locked doors. There were no shelves ~i~n~t~h~i~s~----..., 1 o hilizer as it can onl be used for bottles. I b6 I !advised that in order to dry spores safely, without concern about containment an individual could use ~--~-~~-,..-----~-~~-------~-~-~---~!advised that this is common knowledge to most people who know anything USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012398Anthrax Page 778 of 1446 FJ.?-302a (R~w. 10-6-95) o o b6 , On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ----L-------------~----------- 0 5/13 /2 0 0 3 , Page 10 about lyophilization, and further advised that the technology involved has not changed much. If material was teased away from the bottle after being dried, there would be very little aerosolization. B.a. would not become clumpy from being lyophilized, rather it would be very I "loose". I l ~H-o_w_e_v e_r.---11--------~~------~----~------------------------~ __ lyophilization. b7C lhad no knowledge of a pulmonary anthrax sample from Soutli~A~f~r~1~c~a. Sometimes when such a sample was received at USAMRIID, they would only get a portion of it without any information. Such a sam le robabl would have . was USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012399Anthrax Page 779 of 1446 FJ??3p2a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 05/13/2003 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 11 Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ j - - - - - - - - ' O n I lhad no recollection of any human serology samples from South Africa. In reference to samples ~~~~~~~------~~~ advised that if those samples ~h~a-d-::--~b-e_e_n--~'""n p r_o_c_e_s_s_e_d~,--=-t~h-e_r_e__ _____ w_o_u...,l'~""d""~""""b;--~e a record of them. There were a lot of human ?serology samples received as part of Operation Desert Storm. These. samples were taken from members of the Republican Guard as they were ca2tured in order to determine what vaccinations they had received. I ~ould be the individuals who would have knowledge of any serology samples. !could not think of anyone who had reason to send the anthrax ma1l1ngs. [:]thinks that whomever was responsible for the mailings had something to be gained by doing so, such as financial gain. Someone may have had an investment, or been part of a company, that would benefit from the mailings. Or, they could have been trying to obtain funding for a related project. The individual responsible may have?thought that people were not taking the threat of bioterrorism seriously enough and wanted to draw attention and emphasis to the matter. The person may have tried to take advantage of the events of September 11, 2001, or perhaps there was a connection between the two. ~---~~!thought about whether to do such a thin , b7F I b7F The FBI started an 1nvest1 g at1on ot the 1nc1ctent subsequently dropped. but ~t was USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012400Anthrax Page 780 of 1446 F??3,02q (R.ev. 10?6?95) o o ... 05/13/2003 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --L-----------....J--------'On ..12.. b6 B.a. Ames is now present all over the world as it is considered the s o Prior to Ames, everyone used B.a. Stearne or B.a. Vollum. ad very little knowledge of South Africa's program during t e 1980s. [:]advised that Ames has been shipped to England and that the British could have sent it as they have a lot of contacts. I lhas never had ~nything other than a professional relationship withl I took the a ents to see the 1 o hilizer located that a person could walk out of the su~te and use the b7F After t e mater~a rema~n at the bottom of the bottle. If someone used a piece of glassware to lyophilize B.a., they~ve it to be a u t o c l b [ J t being discovered did not know where desk was located, or whether a any lyophilizer bottles at desk. public, I If contaminated mail made its wav out into the qeneral I whereiq b7C F -I USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012401Anthrax Page 781 of 1446 o - 1- o b Date of transcriptio11 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ~----9n March 28, 2003, date of birth was interviewed a~place of employment, the United ~~--~-'""' States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , ~---~IPorter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone~~~-----~ After being advised of tre identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview,?! _provided the following information: I I ldid not work directly with an material from the fall 2001 anthrax mailin s. of the evidentiar ace is in SuiteD andc::::Jcold work spac.e is work with Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) is conducted 1n sually puts on gloves immediately upon entering the laooratory an wears them the entire time is working there. c==Jprobably does not wear loves wh n the tele hone or door handles. b7F From an ar perat1ng Agents with a copy envelope. t at th1s protocol 1s almost like a at USAMRIID and provided the which is included in the lA ladvised that some strains of B.a. do not sporulate well in br~.-o....,t"""h-.--:}Weaker strains of B.a. that are lacking in plasmids I .27?.4-ttJP ,_ ,z.z;z Z?a - u~.:z:::z;o -176 Investigation on File # by ..;~::..;l~,:f"A.._-.uW.-F..;.-;.,;2"""2""'2""9""""""3.~.~6..;.--3~.~.0..,.2......_..._2.... .... ....A- .,,.::!:l~Oc.:1:.::3:!...:9~2~--7_.9 A._-_.B ........ 0 3/2 8/2 0 0 3 at ....::..F..:::O,:::r;.;t..,...D:::::e:=tF=::r::io;:c:,;.k:::.J,'----=M~a=r-l.y-=l:.::a::::n::.:d=------------279A-WF-222936-US~~/7~ Date dictated N/A SA_ j USAMRIID Section 10.pdf This document contains neither rcconuucndations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the properly of the FBI and is loaned to your ag.:ncy: it and its contents :~re not to be distributed outside your agency. 012402Anthrax Page 782 of 1446 .., FD-302a (i~~v. I 0-6-95) o I When I o 03/28/2003 .Page _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-WF-222936 302 Continuation ofFD-302 of --=========---------,On 2 need to be grown on agar. !developed a protocol using New Sporulat1on Medium (NSM), an agar medium, some years ago. I lhas used NSM to grow some B.a. strains, but not Ames. I b7C b7F I Small cardboard I,:D:-:10:-:x:-:-e=-=s-=a-=::r:-:e~u:-:s~e~d~;:-t-=o--=s:-.::t:-:o:-:r:-:e::--:t~hi.:"e::-'::'a:::m::p-:-:u:-;1-:e:-::s::-:l::-:?n::-=-th~e-:;;f;-:r:-::e::-:e::-:z:-e:-r~. Ames stock from BRUCE has also used ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rom IVINS. others. 1 b7c I ldoes not tisuallv share soore oreDarations with I I pas prov1e1ea cnaJ_J_enge 1noculum to IVINSI I I Prior to the start of a challenge, the Bacteriology investigator providing the B.a. for the inoculum would streak some of the material on plates in order to determine the spore concentration. After the challenge is completed, a sample of the air that the animal inhaled is sent to the same investigator to be plated. The Bacteriology investigator then sends these results to the Aerobiology investigator, who uses a formula incorporating the animal's breathing rate to determine h ? actuall inhaled. as not ma1 e any B.a. USAMRIID 1n years. would notice if there were ~ missing I I Ames ...........---~ b7C USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012403Anthrax Page 783 of 1446 "' < ' fl0-302tt (.'!llv. I 0-G-95) o o 03/28/2003 Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------~-----------------?011 ___;==--- 3 There is one lyophilizer in Suite BS, a Biosafety Level (BSL) 2 area. There are no lyophilizers in thel I containment suttes I lis not aware of any small or bene~ size ~hilizers [ _ laJ a not know I land never saw L__jnear any_ llab space. lhas nevel heard of any bacteriological contamination o f i D i v i s i o n lab space. A survey of USAMRIID was done approximately one year ago and no contamination was found. A survey was conducted of thel Division lab space and nothing has been found recently. satveys inside of the Bacteriology hot suites are conducted approximately once per week to check decontamination efficiency. I Onl~ individuals assirned to thel I can u s e l a n d less people have access to the division's la space than d1d previousl . Peo le from other divisions now need an escort to enter whereas they previously did not. Even when access to was less restricted, people did not wander in and out o ese Most investigators have their own research budgets to purchase supplies. I I laboratory suppJ ies j ncJ udj ng such things as ziplocs, I I The people in charge of logistics buy some supplies, such as _shampoo for the showers, from commercial stores. I I ~----~idoes not ~se any large plastic containers for storage or transport of materials. Some plastic autoclave pans that are laying aroundc::Jlab are used to carry some materials. These pans are not as deep as a plastic box. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012404Anthrax Page 784 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription 08/13/2003 b'/C FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION coworkers at USAMRIID. Ivins Ph.D.? comprising Bruce E. (2) other USAMRIID staff with wph~o~m~~------~l~c~o~l~l~a~b~o~r~a~t~e~d~ on Bacillus anthracis studies to include~~--------------------------~ (3) contracts USAMRIID a descri tion ofl research contract USAMRIID funded on. ~--~------~~--~=---~ opment o a Ba vaccine; for I l 6 Iconcerning I at USAMRFID on (5) USAMRIID's standard experimental procedures used for the production of Ba Ames spores (dated 07/21/1986); a USAMRIID Dis osition Form dated I operating procedures in.~=---~--~-T_______________.~~~~~~~~--~ and handling of virulent Ba strains I ~---------------~ Investigation on 0 8 I 13 I 2 0 0 3 ,.,"m.., at Frederick, Mary1 and ... tq'6 . b7C File# 279A-WF-222936-POI; 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIilllte dictated' ..=.;N'-'-1-=-A=--------by __ S_A~~----------~~----------------------------~~ USAMRIID Section 10.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012405Anthrax Page 785 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 08/13/2003 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-POI;279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,On Continuation ofFD-302 of -2- (7) USAMRIID's standard operating procedure, dated 04/25/1984, for the maintenance of Ba isolates, and USAMRIID's Memorandum 55-3 1 dated 10/21/1980, addressing the transportation and travel shipment of etiologic agents. In particular, this memorandum specifies that supply of etiologic agents to investigators outside of USAMRIID requires the approval of the Commander or his designated representatives. The Commanderr USAMRIID must approve all requests for shipment of Hazard Group 4 and 5 agentsr all foreign requests, and shipments to persons not institutionally affiliated with USAMRIID. 1 1~ The original correspondence with enclosures is filed in a (FD-340) envelope. A complete copy is attached to this FD-302. USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012406Anthrax Page 786 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Deleted Page(s) - 2 Page 5 - b6, b7C, b7F Page 44 ~ b2, b6, b7C, b7F USAMRIID Section 10.pdf 012407Anthrax Page 787 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o DATE 12-15-200C: BY 60:324 UC BAT.,J/DK/TH FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 07/31/2003 of birth: securit residence: account number: ~--------------~----------~~home telep?~~o~n~e-:;----------------; interviewed by Special Agent~, Federal Bureau Investigation, Washington Field Office, andl l Postal Inspector, United States Postal Inspection Service, New Jersey Division. After Special Agentl I and Postal Inspectorr-==Jshowed ~------~ltheir official identification and advised! :J)jEthe purpose for the interview, !provided the following: I I !worked at the United States Army Medical Research 11 Institute of Inte-cti nnl=l Diseases ( 11 ) Fort Detrick, Maryland froml l~t~oui~--------T-~~~~Iworked as a lin the !Division. His area of 1 specialization was tol I b7F Investigation on ]':'lie# 0 7 /2 5/2 0 0 3 at I ,\\~'\ I { CA'J~ 279A-WF-222936-POI?~CC 279A.-WF-222936 -USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 ~ Postal Inspector! ~1 I I Date dictated .:.;N:.~..I..:::..A=-----\----1 J- -e-~I,. . . .-,mr.:,'l1\x. 7"{) - I 7 b E '--!.._--=~---' This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012408Anthrax Page 788 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~----------~ o 1 - - - - - - - - - - , On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDi279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 0 7 /2 5/2 0 0 3 , Page --=--'-- b2 F 1---..,...,...,Jl at USAMRIID. I I highlighted the areas where 1 .___ _.I t:he Ames Ba spores were stored (Note: the floor _l:~1ans l I lwas shown floor plans of buildings! I and 1 I highlighted are filed in alA envelope (FD-340)). I r i~entified three rooms in Suite ~--~~t e Bacter10 ogy D1V1S10n, a I suite,! rooms! Iandi J Rooml I contained a walk rigeratorl !containing Ames Ba spore cultures. The temperature of the walk in cooler was 4? Celsius. lr----------------------------~1 I b7 r I was locb::d this room. I l. Room contained a ~---~-~--~~----~~~-~-~~-~ pass through autoclave, used for sterilization, w 1c was accessible from the outside hallway. The autoclave was large enough to hold tall carts full of dead animals. 1 1 Il I lh~=> 1 i ~=>"l.r~=>l=l r :::J .c identified on the floor plan for building -----~~ a passage between Suitec:::Jand Suiter==J of the Bacteriology Division located between rooms I ~d~----~~ Anyone who had access to Suite also had access to Suit and vise versa. ._I I I primary lab. contained a USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012409Anthrax Page 789 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 07/25/2003 ,Page_-=3=--1.__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID;279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,On I loivision. cannot remember the room !primarily used. Rooms dl lwere used as men's change rooms. Roomsl lapd were used as women's change rooms. Rooml I was used as an office and had a desk for writing. I Ilab, room had a refrigerator. Room ~-----~ contained the animal cages; room had a fermenter for growing large quantities of Ba cells. Room was a laboratory not used for Ba work. Rooml lserved as the walk in cold room. The two labs where Ba work primarily occurred were roomsl Iandi ~ however,! ldoes not 'recall who was assigned to room~l~-___.! These labs would have had a refrigerator or freezer or both. of the I The Ames Ba, along with other strains of Ba, was~d in vials kept in several freezers and refrigerators in thel___j suitesc:::J andrl in the I IDivision. Purified Ames Ba spore colonies~d be maintained under refr,ger:fion fo~ars without 1ecavi ncr: AJyone with access to the suites L_j or D D in the_ . _Division had access to anyt J.ng stored in the freezers rr refrJ.gerators. w~ lleft USAMRIID inl I I I, The suitesD andl__j J.n tnej jDivJ.sion housed the stock of Ames Ba at USAMRIID. In 1978, J leither keys or badges were needed for access to thel !suites. Later swipe cards were introduced which were programed to restrict entry to designated suites. Someone could easily grow Ames Ba and label it Ba Vollum and no one would know the difference. Likewise, someone could take? a swab of Ames Ba and grow as much Ames Ba as they desired in another lab. ~ ldid not ~ve any Ames Ba spores or vegetative ce Is wJ.th( lwhenL_Jdeparted from U~AMRIID. b7F b7C F USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012410Anthrax Page 790 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~--------------------~ o 1---------- ,On 0 7 /2 5 /2 0 0 3 , Page --=--bt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID;279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of b6 F There were not any contractors 1 subcontractors or outside lab assistants that worked with Ames Ba whilel lwas at USAMRII~. Alt the staff workin: with Ames Ba were in house staff. In rooml _in thel _ IDivision 1 ~ Ja~ge waJk-in refrigerator was dedicated to t e storage of} IBa culture collections. While at USAMRIID 1 neither! _nor any other researcher released live strains of Ames Ba to another research facility. would have had to authorize the release of Ba strains from USAMRIID to an outside facility. b7F ~----~~did not work with a lyophilizer at USAMRIID. was not aware of any freeze dried Ames Ba spores stored at USAMRIID whileD worked there. However the techni ue to wea onize Ames Ba would involve from USAMRIID1 USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012411Anthrax Page 791 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o __j o , On 0 7 I 2 5 I 2 0 0 3 , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID;279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~------------_;--------- _.....:5=--- had the most expertise in the weaponization of Ames Ba. It is likely that anyone else with expertise in weaponization would be a Ph.D. level microbiologist. lwas unaware of any areas at USAMRIID 1j:.hal; had.-----. problems with bacterial contamination. Thel lsuitesL__J andl inl Fere under negative pressure. The air 1ns1de ~--~ vented through a filtration system with hoods that employed a germicidal light and ultraviolet 1ight. Bacterial DNA absorb the wavelengths of this type of light and die from the absorption. not work in building!! at USAMRIID. Researchers in building! ldid 11 piggyba~to and out of the hot areas; however, they were protective of their workspace and only allowed close colleagues whom they regularly worked with to follow them into the hot suites. Visiting scientists were not allowed to enter thel !suites during the timel lworked at USAMRIID. Anyone with access to the suites in the Division could have removed a sample of Ames Ba mere1y~b-y--t~a~k~i-n-g--a--~ drop of Ames vegetative cells and sealing them in a small tube. The tube could be carried by hand out of the suite or wrap2ed in foil and placed in the pass through box in Rooml I. SuiteD c:J The foil would protect the Ames Ba DNA from the harmful ultraviolet light in the pass through box. I b6 I I did b7F I I I I I lis not aware of anyone who said they might make Ba for improper use. Likewise,r--lis not aware of anyone with either access and/or the knowle~to create or handle Ba who expressed hostile attitudes toward the media, the United States Senate or the Democratic Party. I I doe?s not know anyone believes or susp s was involved w1th the mailings of the anthrax letters. (Note: described in a prior interview, dated 01/19/2002, ho believes the Ba was dried and prepared for the ?mailings in 2001 . Rather,c::Jthinks the attacks were foreign based because they are the opposite of the mission and goal of the researchers at USAMRIID to protect the armed services and the public through development of a vaccine.! lis not aware of anyone he has worked with who was lax in handling Ba or who inappropriately expressed interest in biological agents convertible to weapons. Likewise,r-lis not aware of anyone at USAMRIID rumored to be interestea-in acquiring Ba, other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them. I lis not aware of anyone who expressed an interest in undermining forensic I D USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012412Anthrax Page 792 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDi279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L __________, t - - - - - - - - ,On 07/25/2003 _.....;6::;..__ techniques. lis not aware of any unoffical or unrecorded work involving Ba or its simulants. Neither! lnorc==]as~ociates have any personal or professional association with Trenton, New Jersey. Princefon, New Jersey, or any where else in New Jersey. Neither( _nor~~~-~ associates traveled to New Jersey in September and October 2001. The standard operating procedures for decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets first involved wiping them down with bleach or a similar phenol based disinfectant. Second, washing the surfaces with water to prevent corrosion from the bleach/disinfectant. Third, switching on the cabinet's built in ultraviolet lights. ldid not work in thel lnivision at USAMRIID and does ~n~o~t~k=n~o=-=w"=' whether paraformald~nyae or glutaraldehyde fumigation was used there. Howev~r. pa:aformaldehyde was used in thel !Division in rooml J A wall was knocked down inl Ito allow the moving of a fermenter too large to fit through the doorway. After the fermenter was in place, the wall was rebuilt and resealed, but paraformaldehyde was needed to decontaminate rooml I before it was ready for use. I I has not smelled bacterial decontamination agents in the virology suites because has not worked there i however r l has smelled bacterial decontam1nation agents in room! lin ~acteriology suites. b7F 0 ldoes not remember seeing or using any plastic storage cont~Jne~ to store his materials at USAMRIID. numbered alll _~ab note~s and~were inventoried. c::Jleit them all at USAMRIID whenl__jleft.L__jbelieves they should be archive~ USAMRIID but does not know where they are currently stored. L__Jbelieves they might be stored in the library. I I J lhas not purchased pre-stam~nvelopes like the 1n the anthrax mailings for eitherl__jor someone else's remembers using metered envelopes at USAMRIID. Likewise, as not used any vending machines in Frederick to purchase pre-stamped envelopes. I not personally host visiting foreign scientists at USAMRIIDi however, duringr---ltenure there, most of the foreign visitors were from England.~urity personnel ....=====: did I I Ihas never had contact with ~. .! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ , USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012413Anthrax Page 793 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~--------------------~ o 1 - - - - - - - - - , On 0 7 /2 5 /2 0 0 3 b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID;279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page _ _7:.........._ maintained a logbook record of foreign visitors. Foreign visitors to USAMRIID were escorted at all times. They were not permitted access to any hot suites or locations where Ba was stored or utilized. As a result, there were not any opportunities for them to remove samples undetected. I I is not aware of any foreign visitors requesting samples of any k1nd from USAMRIID. The Director's office coordinated all foreign visits to USAMRIID. I Idees not remember any foreign visitors displaying interest in the Ames strain of Ba, weaponization techniques or lyophilizing methods. Foreign visitors only had access to the conference room. They did not stay long enough to undergo the required series of vaccinations and background investigation to obtain a security clearance. lnever observed any foreign visitors using prestamped envelopes resembling the envelopes in the anthrax mailings. No foreign visitors to USAMRIID askedl lwhere they could purchase pre-stamped envelopes in Frederick during their visit. I Idees not remember any foreign visitors expressing antiAmerican sentiments during their visit. ~tember I I khereabouts during 17 and 18, 2001. In turn,c==Jprovided copies of e-mails lsent during work on Monday, September 17, 2001, atl I ~=---~lwas asked to account fori was asked to account forD whereabouts? during Octoberfr 5,6,7,8 and 9, 2001. In turn,c::JProvided copies of emails sent during work on Friday, October 5, 2001 atl I I I USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012414Anthrax Page 794 of 1446 .,) lit o 't FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 07/25/2 003 , Page_.:==--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID;279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of -1------------.1-------, On The copies of e-mails~~------~~provided are filed in alA (FD-340) envelope. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012415Anthrax Page 795 of 1446 ~FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o -IFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription :.___--,-_ I tl __.I b7C 06/12/2003 participated in the also Sodium hypochlorite, a primary component of household bleach, denatures proteins via oxidation. Destruction of bacterial spores and degradation of DNA result from contact with ~5-10% household bleach. DNA has been detected using? polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques pursuant to treatment of bacterial spores with bleach. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizer, known to cleave peptide bonds. DNA AWAY, a caustic oxidant produced commercially, also destroys proteins and DNA. The effectiveness of deeontamination with bleach, PNA.AWAY and similar commercial products may be reduced if additional organic molecules and proteins are present along with tne microorganisms. These additional molecules may bind up the decontaminating agent, thus hindering interactions with the target microorganisms. Protein denaturation is the primary mechanism of inactivation by formaldehyde gas. Specifically, formaldehyde interacts with amine groups and affects carbamide linkages. Positive hits with PCR have been obtained after decontamination; however, a detectabfe PCR signal coul:d require ridding t . ample I Investigationon 06/06/2003 at Fort Detrick Mar land ,\~~. Date dictated ~~ by File'} 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 SA SA~-------------------r This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012416Anthrax Page 796 of 1446 FD-302a.(Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o 06/06/2003 ,Page---- 279A~WF-222936-USAMRIID, Continuation ofFD-302 of --6=================~-------------'~ 2 of excess forma ehyde. recalled a study conducted byl LNU an (phonetic) using tissue embedded with ~~-e-s~t--~ Nile virus and paraffin. The aim of the project was to determine the effective ess of DNA extraction following formalin fixation of the tissue. THis method of decontamination did not hinder subsequent DNA amplification; however, proteins within the tissue were affected. A methodology was developed which facilitated the release of formaldehyde from tissue? using organic reagents. Oxidation and halogenation of bacterial spores from exposure to chlorine dioxide gas. Chlorine binds to components yielding inactivat'on of roteins and enz The intensity of gamma irradiation used for decontamination is typically not enough to nick strands of DNA. However, exposure to gamma rays may damage the DNA and decrease the sensitivity of PCR techniques. Significant amounts of radiation would be necessary to completely abolish a PCR signal. Generally, the degree of DNA chopping depends on the extent and intensity of exposure. DNA has also been shown to survive the autoclaving method of decontamination. Latent fingerprints are lipid imprints which may be destroyed by alcohols, detergents and physical wiping. Gamma irradiation was not known to affect the detection of latent fingerprints. I Iandi lwere not aware of studies to determine the effects of formaldehyde vapor, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide on the detection of latent fingerprints. Bacterial spores are more resistant than vegetative cells to decontamination efforts. Generally, the effectiveness of disinfection depends on the concentration of the decontaminant and the length of exposure. Often, post-decontamination analyses yield negative culture results and positive PCR hits. These results indicate the absence of detectable levels of viable microorganisms, but the presence of characteristic DNA. When testing for the presence of microorganisms, it is important to test first for viability via culturing, followed by confirmation analyses using PCR. ~--~~!indicated that s~ lwas familiar with post-decontamination tests of biosafety cabinets treated with' USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012417Anthrax Page 797 of 1446 fD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~================:_ o ________________ .~ 06/06/2003 3 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of bleach. Swipes of biosafety cabinets following decontamination yielded no growth on culture media, but detectable levels of pX01 and pX02 in some samples. A study was conducted whereby predecontamination sampling was used to identify the 'hottest', or most contaminated, areas in a biosafety cabinet. Detectable levels of DNA were obtained from these areas after decontamination with bleach. The following USAMRIID personnel may provide further insights into the impact of various decontamination methods on subsequent scientific analyses; BRUCEri~V~I~N~s~,~~--------------~--------~ ~--------------------------------~!and I Internet searches may yield additional information related to decontamination of biological materials, including diagrams of key mechanisms of inactivation. I ~----~~ provided the Agents with a manuscript containing an overview of decontamination technologies and descriptions of the mechanisms of action of numerous decontaminants on microorcranisrs. The docufuent, titled DECONTAMINATION, was co-antllored by I . and I J SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (SAIC), NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE T FREDERICK FORT DETRICK MARYLAND, 21702, telephone The manuscript is maintained in. a ~velope (FDlso recommended the following textbook as a useful reference: DISINFECTION, STERILIZATION, AND PRESERVATION, 5th edition, Seymour S. Block, Editor, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2001. Photocopies of the first two pages,of the textbook were provided to the Agents and are maintained in a 1A envelope. The Agents were also provided with copies of USAMRIID'S records of transfers of Bacillus anthracis that occurred from 1997 thrrugh J999, as rlquested in a letter dated Junes, 2003, from SSA The EA101 forms provided by USAMRIID are maintained in a 1A envelope. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012418Anthrax Page 798 of 1446 FD-30~(Rev. 10-6-95) -1- o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of iranscription birth interv1.ewe 09/14/2003 l:;7c L_____j Medi~~IID~ ~~~f.t. :.~~~~~~~ca~~~JL9..E~&~i?mh:~il On Se tember 11, 2003, social securit ccount number was at p-lace of enyeJo ? ent t:Q.e UniteQ. s~ ~~~er be1.ng adv1.s~ J..dentJ..tJ..es of the agents and the purpose of the interview provided the following information: : I regarding individua felt that D was given misleading information ygraph examination. c:J advised that the ontactedC"""l to schedule the exam said that USAMRIID had requested t~ I be polygraphed for reliability issues. I I knew that others had similar experiences when contacted bv polygraphers, and that many of them complained to I !commander of USAMRIID, about the situation. I lwas polygraphed on the same day asl land had the same problem. ~Jo ~~ ~~~--~~!provided the agents with a c~o~p~y~o~f~~==~l~cu==r=r=i~c~u~l~u=m~ vitae (c.v.) which listedr-==Jhome addressra~~----------------------~1 I =r-nome telephone~~----------------------~1 c.v. is maintained in a 1A envelope, FD-340. outlined is as follows: I 1 I employment history, as outlined inl I c.v. I is I Investigation on 09 [11[2003 File# 2 79A-WF- 222 93 6- USAMRIID SAl by SA . at Fort Detrick );?.:~ Maryland \'?.'6\ I I ~ OJ,... 2 79A-BA-C1013 9i'nate dictated NLA I \ oq,:r AT A~~"~ V' b:::: b7E I ""!--...? v This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. Itis the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agel' it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf r 012419Anthrax Page 799 of 1446 FD-302~ (Rev. 10-6-95) ooo --~----------------------~-------- o b7C , On 279A-WF-222936-302, 279A-BA-C101392 0 9 I 11 I 2 0 03 Continuation ofFD-302 of ,Page---- 2 ~----~ldid not work with either the Brokaw or New York Post letters, althou~~ecalls seeing material from the Brokaw letter. b7F lknew thatl lhad handled the Daschle and Leahy letters, but t:J did not see anyone else work with the letters. ~--~~~recalled I I clearing people out of the lab prior to working with one of the letters. I '!'he FBI photographed the letters J.n ,..t;:;;.;h;;;;;.e;;:;;.__..., ~ ~~---~ I V~e~t-e-r~i~n-a_r_y_M~e~d~i-c~i~n-e_r_o_o~m across the hallway froml advised that there were flat tables in the Vete~y Medicine room that were ideal for photographing the evidence.L___jrecalled that the letters we+e contain~d in double ziploc bags while being photographed. This activity took place after no~al business hours, andl I a number of technicians, and many FBI personnel were present at the time. c=J, I During the fall of 2001,1 !primary work areas included the following: BuitdinJ I, Suiter! Suitesc:J and Rooms and and the Clinrcai Lab sub? as well as the hot side of Building! I At that time,l .~.. I lanthrax studies with monkeys using B.a. obtaJ.ned from ' USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012420Anthrax Page 800 of 1446 FD-302a_;(Rev. 10-6-95) ooo o b7C 279A-WF-222936-302, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~---------oOn 3 09/11/2003 BRUCE IVINS ~--~~lknewl lonly in a professional ma~ner. They interacted at meet1ngs, and chatted in the hallwa s about work and general topics, such as weekend activitie~s~-~--~,__.~~ working on an Ebola project at that time, and never laborated on projects. Afterl I left th D1vision, andl lonly exchanged greetings. hat their t conversation would have been around 1998. knowledge of whol lmay have socialized with at US I ldid not reca11l !mentioning either New Jersey or I Inever made any comments about Senator Tom Daschle Senator Patr.ick Leahy, the New York Post, or Tom Brokaw. never <;]j scusse~ anthrax with I I an~ !advised that only knewf fin a virology context. r--ldid not recall discussing biological or chemical '--waifare. but did not provide any details as to work. advised that it was difficult to distinguish what actually toldc===Jfrom what was circulated around USAMRIID or in the media. in B~'..!or.l:.!wr- Suite space. !learned about the history of B.a. Ames at USAMRIID after the~a-n-:-t-;-h_r_a_.x mailings of 2001 had already taken place. I I thought that Ames was sent in by an investigator in Iowa and isolated at USAMRIID. I Ia series of experiments in approximately 1998 to determine at what point ~.a. could be isolated from an infected animal. Washed B.a. Ames s~ores obtained from IVINS were provided directly to thel lgroup for the stud~ and IVINS conducted the quality control tor tne experiments. laboratory group handled the spores, as well as all ofhe samples, after the exposures had taken place. 1 !provided the agents IL I USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012421Anthrax Page 801 of 1446 FD-302~(Rev. 10-6-95) ooo o 279A-WF-222936-302, 279A-BA-C101392 ContinuationofFD-302 of _jL------------...1------- , On 0 9/11/2 0 03 ~~~Ia reprint documenting this work in Military Medicine, Volume 164, December 1999, and titled "Comparison of Noninvasive Sampling Sites for Early Detection of Bacillus anthracis Spores from Rhesus Monkeys after Aerosol Exposure" on which the lead author was MAJOR ALEC S. HAIL. This scientific paper is maintained in the 1A envelope, FD-340. During the same time frame in 1998, the walk-in cold room in Suite c:::Jwas used to store B.a. Ames spores which had been obtained from IVINS. These spores were used in studies where human white blood cells were exposed in order to find early markers of infection. F , as no one 1n wer~ store 1n a m1xture of henol and water. ~did not distribute or share any of IVINS B.a. Ames spores be~branch ofO, nor hasOever sent B.a. outside of USAMRIID. I lhad no knowledTe of anyone at USAMRIID who has lyophilized live B.a. Ames. In bnly dead B.a. Ames is lyophilized. The Special Pathogens Sample Test Laboratory (SPSTL) prepared dead 1 o hilized B.a. s ores of various strains for use as controls, These 1 o hilized s ores ested , eg1nn1ng o 1n1t1ate a ~---~~-~------~ set o paperwork, including a request form, to document such transfers; however some transfers may not have been documented.~!~~~Iandi I would have information on the lyophilized spores. I lhad no knowledge !protocols for producing B.a. spores, and has never expressed an op1nion regarding whether the B.a. contained in the 2001 mailings was broth or agar grown. With regard to a list of foreign yisjtjpg scjeptjsts to USAMRIIDI I provided the following information: ofl USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012422Anthrax Page 802 of 1446 FD-~02:;(Rev. 10-6-95) ooo I o b7C ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-302, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~==================~-----------'On 09/11/2003 F1rst Name Unknown (FNU) 1 5 I I I I I r I I lall visited USAMRIID for short meetings, and would n ot have had access to any laboratory s p aces. Their access was lim' 1ted t6 USAMRIID's conference rooms. I !visited USAMRIID for a couple of weeks 1n 2000 and worRed 1n a cola laboratory on Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) antigen detection assays. r--lhad an unescorted visitor pass~ and did not have access to any ?~? laboratory s aces. L _ I likely had the most contact with I I whil at SAMRIID. c::::J ~have taken some antibodies back to withl lhoweverl__jdid not transport any select agents upon return. lofl ~....-:-~-.......1 did not discuss~hrax withl anq==]did not work with any bacteria whileL_Jwas at USAMRIID. L::Jdid not express any anti-American sentiment duringc::Jvisit, nor didc::::J ask about, or have in his possession, ~re-stam ed envelopes. lmost likely worked in BuildingL___JRooms , and c::J ~T~w-o~l-y~ophilizers were present in these rooms; however would not have had access to these instruments. I b2 F I I L...-_ _ prov1ded the agents with a copy of a list ofl I archived, received electronic mail for September 17 and ~2001, which is maintained in a 1A env~lo FD-340. AlthoughL_Jarchives all of c::Jsent electronic mail, oes not have those records for August or September of 2001. t ought that those months may have been lost during the time when there was a problem with one of the servers at USAMRIID. ___.1 r I lalso provided the agents with a copy ofc===J electronic calendar for the week of September 17-23, 2001, which is maintained in a 1A envelope, FD-340. Although there is one meeting USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012423Anthrax Page 803 of 1446 . FD-302:!; (Rev. 10-6-95) .o ooo o 09/11/2003 , Page 279A-WF-222936-302, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~====================L-------~-?~ ----:==--- 6 indicated forJ pn~ptember 17, 2001,~could not recall ifr=l ttenaea due fol_j extenriye wofk s~at that time. I I can verify t h a t w a s present at work during that time period. I !provided the agents with a copy ofc=:=Jelectronic calendar for the period of October 1-14, 2001, which 1s maintained in a 1A envelope. Although there are appointments and activities listed for October 5-9 2001,1 !could not be sure that attended them due to bus work schedule. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012424Anthrax Page 804 of 1446 o FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I received - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 1 0 / 16 /2 0 0 3 .......,=-----r---.:--~~ , was intervie ed at the Amerithrax-3 Offsite in Fre er1ck, Maryland. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the nature of the interview,c=J provided the following information: his PHD in Bioloav from Universitvl r I b6 I L-.,..-__,.--.:-:--..---------,.--=-~-~--:----:-:....11 worked yarj ou s including ._1_ _ _ _ _ _..... 1 I and the University of I pl aces I While working at the Universit was I lbegan working at the United States Army Medical Research ~I~n-.s~t.i~t:-tu~te of Infectious Diseases(USAMRIID) onl I I From I I until approximately: I I worked fol~ I 1. While in thel worked 1 I of bui ldi;"Ln-lg.....,lr-----,lt--r-1-n_r_o_om-..---1-,_ra_n_,~d worked w1nn1 I ltPhJ was respons1o~e ror1 I In I \ Currentlvl 1 works lwas moved to thel I on 1 1 building 3 lis work-~i~n--g~w i~t~h~l==========================~====~~-~ The lab thar-t....!::l=::::;-:~ I Investigation on File# by SA SA 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDV2~9BA-C101392-\'l~.lwate dictated It _.:::..F=.r_:;.er::dr.e::.:r:...:i:::..:c:::::.:k'..?:.J..._M=a=r..z...::l:..::a:::.:::n~d:::::.__ _ _ _ _ _ _...._......._ _~~ . \p This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. is the property of the FBI and is loaned o your agency; USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012425Anthrax Page 805 of 1446 ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~--------------------~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~------------oOn 10/16/03 , Page _....:2=--- currently working in is secured by a manual push button combination lock. While at USAMRIID. I lwas immunized aqainst Botulinum I J labs or ~b-u-~~.l~d~i-n-g:1::::::::::::~~1 has never worked with Bacillus anthracis (Ba). oc oes not have access to -1 I lattendsl I meetings. During these meetings~s-o_m e--~-n~aividuals discuss their research and because of __ that fact~ lhas become familiar with names of some of the individuals who work with Ba including: B~r~u~c~e~~I~vi~n~s~,~------------~ andl lph) . I lis also aware that ~works w~th Ba.l lhas never discussed Ba w-~~~r--~a~n~y~o~n~e~a~------~ L____j_USAMRI ID. b6 b7F ldoes not have any personal or professional contacts in New Jersey. Occasionally,b lhas passed through New Jersey on the way to New York, but does not recall going to New York close to September 11, 2001. Additionally,! !does not know anyone that works at USAMRIID that has personal or professional contacts in New Jersey. I ~~~~~ has occasionally seen piggybacking through some of the doors at USAMRIID but advised that it is not supposed to occur. Additionally,j containers at I us ; a s never seen or used pre stamped envelopes. ]has never used or seen large sterilite RIID. jdoes not know anyone at USAMRIID that appears to be unstao~I~e~~o~r~h~as discussed using any agent inappropriately. ldoes not discuss politics withr--lcolleagues and has never ~h-e_a_r_d~anyone discussing the anthrax mailJLngs. j iknew that Ba samples were going to be tested at USAMRIID however,c::Jdid not know that the letters were at USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012426Anthrax Page 806 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of L__________________r-------------'Onl0/16/03 ,Page _ _3 _ _ USAMRI ID . .___ ____,~I did not play any role regarding the samples or letters. 1 lhas never had a foreign visitor come to s e e ? but c=]has attended lectures given by foreign scientists. has never seen an unescorted foreign visitor and advised tna ey are not allowed into the laboratories . ._____.I never saw 1 met or talked to._l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012427Anthrax Page 807 of 1446 ~ev. ftl-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o b7C Precedence: To: ROUTINE Date: Attn: 10/03/20033 AMX2 AMX 1 Washington Field From: Washington Field AMX3 Contact~=~~----------~----~ Postal Inspector I Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-POI Title: AMERITHRAX MAJOR CASE 184 (Pen_ding)j~"::>~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID~(Pending)-~~S upon ~--~--~ has been investigated in captioned case based access to Bacillus anthracis (Ba) . I .. lis a and has been employea with the Un~ted States Arm Medical Resea~ch Institute for Infectious Diseases since has physical access to the "hot suites" and as part~c~pated ?n aerosol challenges using Ba.~also received pipets of solutions from BRueR IVINS w 1c spread on agar flatrs. does not !believed the\solutions con ained Ba although ~k~n-o-W\--t~h~e strain. As per FD-302, date July 28,2003,1 lhas no knowledge where Ba is stored at USAMRIID and has no expertise in weaponization techniques.! Lhas not traveled to New Jersey and has no friends or relat~veS- residing in that state. A review off I telephone and financial records for calendar year 2001 we~ unremarkable and show no connection to New Jersey. b7E USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012428Anthrax Page 808 of 1446 o To: Re: Washington Fie. From: Washington Field. 279A-WF-222936-POI, 10/03/20033 records for 1sc ose that on Septem er 17, an outgo1ng telephone call was made from ~--~----~home telephone to~~----------~1 On September 18 2001, at I I an outooina tele ' call was made from I I hom~e--~t-e....-le..... phone toT I was interviewed. 1\Il uuly 2003 and statedl I I Accordina to I I b6 A review ofl !credit card account history did not show any cred1t card transactions during the period of the first mailing. Time-line Second Mailing (3:00P.M., 10/6/2001 through 11:00A.M., 10/09/2001) A review ofl lcredit card account history disclosed that on~~-----------------------r--------------~1 transactions qccurred in~~----------------------~ A review of~--~----~h~ome telephone records disclose that on Octob~r 8, 2001 ae ing telephone call was made froml I home to On 9, 2001~,--k-e_y c_a_r_d b_u i~lding acces~ord~s--~ __ __ __ reve~ll lwas at USAMRIID, and entered building L___Jatl hours and eSdted atl I hours. , L---....1 lhas been interviewed on several occasions related to th~investigation. Investigation to date has revealed no direct, testimonial, or circumstantial evidence which Oc~ber b7C I 2 USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012429Anthrax Page 809 of 1446 T To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fieldtlt 279A-WF-222936-POI 1 10/03/20033 b6 Fie~ indicates thatl lwas involved in the preparation or mailing of the anthrax-laced letters. I \ January 2002.1 lwas interviewed aboutc==Jwork with Ba. in I oo 3 USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012430Anthrax Page 810 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - fFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription b7C ~~----------~------------------------~ started at USAMRIID b7C I r;J 1. I had onl~ entered thec===Jlab to assist in j was decontaminated and the equ1pment was moved toe=] building! lnow works in Labsc::J and c::J in Prior to the September 2001 anthrax,mailingfl b7F I . BRITE IVINS had swabbed outside the suites and found anthrax ores. ! lwas not sure what strain ~iscovered outside the labs. However, due to this discovery,L__jwas taken down and decontaminated. The decontam? ation rocess was accom lished b BRUCE IVINS and ~ I lwas aware that there were Ames~es stored in the walk-in coolers/freezers between labsc::J andl__j during the decontamination process.! lknew that anthrax was stored in both liquid and frozen forms in the coolers. The materials in th croolers were moved fromD to during the cleaning D t Investigation on I b6 b7C ~l~0~/~3~/~2~0~0~3____ at by Frederick, Maryland ,)~~ -? I Vi.A.-o RIID 279A-BA-C101392 Date dictated n a Postal Inspector I I al Inspector This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012431Anthrax Page 811 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ ____.1----------- , On 10 /3 /2 0 03 , Page _ __:2,___ b2 b7F 1 w a s t ; : : r of any piggybacking 1nto suites. The security officer; is extremely cautious in terms of security. ldid not do any work in the suites. In order to work in building! Ia scientist must have extensive vaccinations. ldoes not have any~ons in mind concerming the mai~ of the anthrax letters.L___Jdid not knowl didl_jrecall if they had ever met . ._l__~_____.l stated that the whole anthrax field benefitted the anthrax mailings. There was very little interest in the until after the anthrax mailings. I aftermath. stated that unlike.__t~h~e--c_u_t~t~in--~ I c===J b6 I I nor has never used a lyophilizer at USAMRIID. c:::Lwas aware of one located in the cold side of the la~ bu~has never used it. c:::J did use a lyophilizer in gradUate school . I I .__~----~lhas never worked with dry anthrax spores. r--lis not aware of any studies at USAMRIID that involved dry spore~ is involved in using wet spores by injecting them into the test animals. b'IC ~as shown a number 6 pre stamped envelope . stated~did not recall seeing one of the envelopes. ~c-o-o~1e r_s__ __ u~sed . _ I_ __ _ _ . ~----~--~~~ examined~py of the layout of USAMRIID building b7C b7F I statedstoring anthrax. thatL__J andl for I suites contained walk-in ._______ does not know anyone that lives in New J~e~r~s~e~y~.~~----~1 passed through New Jersey two years ago on the way to~l~=====r_____.l I ~s not sure what year~l_ ____. traveled. The first year whenl__jandl !traveled to ~I they spent the night in a motel. The next year they I I b7C USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012432Anthrax Page 812 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 b6 Continuation ofFD-302 of L______________J___________________ ,On 10/3/2003 , Page _ _:3:::.___ also t~aveled to I I but returned the same day. I I and I I tr-: r: . . : a: :. .;v~e: . :l: . . : e: :. : d~t: . : :d: ~. ______________.......::..:N~e:..:..:w:........::::J..:::e:.::r..:::s~e~y___, l during the summer of 2002 andl I ~__,__,__,__,__,__,__,__,__,__,__,__,__,~ ~~------~~has not hosted any foreign visitors at USAMRIID. lagreed to take a polygraph examination regarding the anthrax mailings. I USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012433Anthrax Page 813 of 1446 ... FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION On October 10, with Social Securit was 1nter~1ewe y Posta Inspector Inspector Ia t r l place o~-e-m_p_o_ym_e_n~t:--t':'""'l""_e---,~Uni ted States Army Res~arch Institute ~fectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the purpose of the interview and the identity of the interviewing Inspectors,! !provided the following information: f to I ~----._----~~lhas worked at USAMRIID I worked the Department of Chief. ~--------------~ l~ 1 work with anth;ax was in ________1 ________......___________,lwhi l e D was mat?n~~-J~~~~--~~~~~~~----,I ....._ 1 ti 1nce 1 1 1. has worked 1 1with viruses. ~------.___,1 'bilities in~c~~lr.?u~td~~e~,~~----~--------------~----------~1 I 1works at tne d1rection of ~--~~--~~--~----~--~------------------~ the Pr1nc1ple Invest1gators. anthr~x or working ??BRUCE \pliNS ~----~~~ is not familiar with processes for drying know h~ to weapon1.?? anthrax. ,I with a I and I lyophil~zer. Iare !believes that the ones that would < While was worked in the labs where animals were used. Sin~c~e~---~~a~s~w~o~r~-ed in building I !. roomsc::J and as access to the hot suites in building! land is familiar with building! I the walk-in coolers 1n room the cold storage refrigerator in roomc::J and the cold storage room in the basement.~~-----~ I I .' Mar land n a by This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012434Anthrax Page 814 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --,~--------------------------~~-------- I 10/10/2003 ,Page_.....:2~- L-----~----------------------------------------------------~.--~said that in the basement there are a lot of freezers. Each freezer has a list of contact names if there is a problem with the cold storage. A person could determine if any anthrax was stored there by locating the contact person. Up until recently there were no locks on the freezers. ~------~!believes that it would be easy to remove bioagents from USAMRIID. The agents are stored in vials. They could be double bagged, decontaminated and taken out through the Airlock, via a pass box or hand carried out through the shower.JL_ I is not aware of anyone piggy-backing into the suites, butl:Jsurmised that it could be done. same said thatl was a good worker. ~I_ __. appeared to work hard and seemed bright. ~ lnever he~a~r~d~--~ L--__,-.--__,._.1 express any anti-government views. L__j never heard! talk about anthrax. L--------~ I I I r------"'------.,....____. I There was a m1l1tary man and a person in a suit with n1m.l I was sur rised to see I ! sinceC:J knew that had left USAMRIID an askedr--1 what he was doinq there. L---:---:--__.1 replied that could ~telll II lwas wearing a visitor's badge. did not recognize anyone whol:Jwas with and did not recall the rank of the military man. 1 2001. lab, tha last saw at U~ID aro February .was working~ Rooml__j Whr=n....____..___.......,.?ted the was in the hall with a tour ecalled II wearing~~------------,----------~------~~ b7C D USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012435Anthrax Page 815 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o , Page ---"3"---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _.....__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - , On 10 I 10 I 2 0 0 3 stories soD would just g o D way and disregard what said. ~---~ I I lhas heard rumors aboutl laround USAMRIID I D I r1 I lhas never hosted foreign visitors at TlSAMRIID. has never purchased or seen #6 prestamped envelopes. _ sa1d thatc=Jwas not involved in the anthrax mailings. I~---~--~ldoes not have any connections to New Jersey and ..:lie not tranel to New Jersey in 2001. OSAMRI ID '--------------------,.----------------------_j~ returned to oil agreed to take a polygraph examination regarding the anthrax ma1l1ngs. I I USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012436Anthrax Page 816 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) -l - .FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0912512003 I I is thel I in the ~--------~----~~~~~~------------~--~--~~~~--------T I I at USAMRI ID .1 Istarted at USAMRIID I I I I from~l--~----~~lin~~------------------------------~ Accordinb to~----------------~ is the anthrax specialist within thel I When the Dasc~le letter arrived at USAMRIID, I J USAMRIID wanted to make sure that everything was done correctly on the letter. I learned her Masters Degree icl I I I I !returned to USAMRIID onl I lworked up toc::Jhours per day and tested up to 100 potential bio-hazard samples per day. At first they were testing for many different agents. After the anthrax letters were discovered they began testing for anthrax. I I I !worked extra hours during September to November 2001 and received over-time for the extra work. Investigation on 9 I 2 5 I 2 0 03 at --"-F"?rr:e,_,d~e::..;r"'-1;:;,.;:;:C.:.:k:..t,__:M..:.:a::::.r;!;;...Lv..;:l:.:::a::.:n~d:::;-______________ . / File# by . J '279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 I Postal Inspector 1 I? Postal n/a ? Inspecto1~..___~t----------------Date dictated 0 .:~..:~.o'S , \?..A..~ .:..:;;-t-_;:;;;__ _ _ _ _ _ __ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012437Anthrax Page 817 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 In September 1999,1 a study to determine thed ~..r..,.i_a_g_n_o_s_t:--=-i-c_s_o-:f-a_n_t':""'\'""h-r-a-x-e-x-p-o... s-u-r-e-.-~T:-;-h-e___. study exposed monkeys to anthrax to see where they could detect anthrax ex before the monkeys became deathly ill. BRUCE IVINS and provided the anthrax spores to the Lr------~~~~~~~~?~~~~he monkeys. ~-----------------~~w~re also involved in the study . .__-...,.--~-~---~---,...,.-~--:--~-:------J was also involved, but r l d i d not actually participate in the experiment. There was no~ powder anthrax used in the study. I !informed that the aerosolization machine only works with liquid form. The study began?on September 14, 1999 and the last three monke ex to anthrax on October 19, 1999. I I stated that~-~------~ did not participate in the studies nor didc=Jask about the studies or observe any phase of the study. D L at USAMRIID. in the never discussed science wit~h~==============~f~e~l~t~that always appeare~~at and hanmr I affi c:;e was locatedl. _ ]said that at one time was also under thel lnivision. I Dur,ng 1997 - <QQl tU~ ~~Q~~e th;t used lwerel , ~ I I and I The lyophilizers were used only on dead tissue, not Jiye yrganisms. Everything is killed before it is lyophilized. ! s a i d to lyophilize live anthrax would be risky because the machine and work area could be infected. used to eat their lunch lyophilizers ass1gnecil j 1 I I USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012438Anthrax Page 818 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o _j o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 ~----------------'On 9/25/2003 , Page _....:3::___ Continuation ofFD-302 of I.___ _ ___J I in~~---------~ where two of the three lyophilizers are located. lsaid summer interns used to eat in that room as well. Since the interns were not vaccinated they could have run the risk of being exposed if live anthrax would have been~hilized there. Only one of the two lyophilizers currently inL___Jwas in that location prior to 2001. To run the lyophilizers, a person would have to know about the machines because they are difficult to run. One is run by an old computer system and a person would need to know how to operate the machine. The lyophilizer in room c::Jis an older model that was due for replacement but was retained due to high usage. It is a non-computerized machine but a person would have to be familiar with it to run it. The top of the lypohilizer holds vials of the agents. The vials are opened so that the moisture can escape. The moisture condenses in the bottom of the machine in a frozen state. It is later thawed and emptied out of a rubber hose into a container and then poured down the sink. If live agents were lyophilized, it would infect the machine and area. b7C b7C The log books were not provided to the FBI compjling documents to turn over to the FBI~~---====-==-=~~:_~ ~~~--~~----~--~~----~~ The log books date back to May 1997 and include most of the 1tems lyophilized. Sometimes items were lyophilized when the printer was down so the documents could not be printed, therefore they were not included in the notebook. !provided copiys of the 1995 organizational chart of USAMRIID as well as a copy ofL I ~----------~~ Copies of the documents are included 1n the attached 1A Envelope. On occasions 'However, none o about anthrax. hosted foreign visitors. I USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012439Anthrax Page 819 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L_______________I -________________ o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of 9/25/2003 ,Page _ _ 4::..___ USAMRIID to study viruses. They were involved in 11 Hantavirus 11 studies. I !recalled visitors from Romania who were interested in West Nile Virus and other visitors from South America. All of the visitors 'were supervised at all times. If they stayed at USAMRIID for any length of time, they were allowed to enter thel I suite. No vaccinations were required for this suite. There was never any anthrax in that suite. c==J I lexamined a sample pre-stamped, #6 envelope. stated thatc:::Jnever saw an envelope at USAMRIID like that nor did know of any like that being used there. anthrax m~a~1~I~1~n~g~s. ldid not have any idea as to who may have done the !recalled that during the time a~ter 9/11/01,~~--~ was at wor~k~a--l~ot. They worked very long hours during that period. I I was not in New Jersev durina the anthrax mailina times. I I does take trips tol ~--------------------------~lhas no other connection to New Jersey. I I agreed to take a polygraph. I USAMRIID Section 11.pdf 012440Anthrax Page 820 of 1446 o ~I~ FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 10/09/2003 b6 .------.d I 1 On October 8, 2003,1 lu.s. Postal Inspection Service and 1 I U.S. Postal I inn !=:~=>rvice, :hpterv~ewedl ldate of birthJ I ~nf"'i;::! 1 ? ? t.v ro 1 .:=1'1"' 1 1 residence,l I J\ cell phone I [ After I telephone I -rre~ng adv~sed ot the ~dentity~t~the interv~ewers ana t. e purpose of the interview,! lprovi~d the following information: lsincel lhas\lived in I ' has r~ved aD his current address tori .....-....,r_r_e..... ides wi thl s I I I I I raduate 0~------------------~--~--~---J attended Universit ' b2 b7E b6 Investigation on ~~----------------------------------~L-----------~---------r--~~----~ 'This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is 1he property of 1he it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. F]~:me-!rftmm:oer-ee'-#o~fe~; . . .____. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012441Anthrax Page 821 of 1446 ?o FD-302\t (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID/279A-BA-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --;_____________________~------------'On 10/08/03 --=2=--- Room.___ __. con emical fpme hood and a radiation calibrating instrument. Rooml lwas ~(_________...... I l?l !circled and initialed the locations of these rooms on a floor plan that has been included in the attached lA envelope. lhad access to Roomr---lin Building! I A walk-in freezer/cooler is located withtn-Ehe room. No radioactive material is stored there. Anyone can walk into the room. c===J avoided walking into labs where people were working. I USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012442Anthrax Page 822 of 1446 o FD-302\1. (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o ,Page ---=3~- 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID/279A-BA-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---4---------------------~------------'0n 10/08/03 ~------~--~~--~=============b~s~o~t~o~4~0~0~ml was received from 1_____________.1 .... handling dry Ba. D solution of Ba that does not recall I A record was kent of all material~! I The form was kept with the material I I I the researcher I The information upon the form included, tne name of descrintion of the m::lt-Ari::l1 I I ?~nformat~on was also recorded ;n a Jog hook maJntamed safety office. I hv t~e incident ~~~n~r~~~gu~~e~~~a~~~~~n~e~s~s~c~a~n~~o~c~c~u~r~w~~~~e~x~p~o~s~u~r~~o~~o=n~e~s~~;,g~e~~a bacterium whereas exposure to te~usand ant?rax spores was was necessary for illness to occur. was surprised to learn that there were many strains of anthrax. recalled that techniques for drying a~ax were described in KEN~ IBEC 's book (Biohazard) .L__jrecalled having discussion concerning accidental and intentional outbreaks of infectious dis ~se with other employees at USAMRIID which was common among employees. r--1 recalled that someone suggested that a croP, du ter or tr~exhaust may be used to sprea ? ectious material. could not recall who made that statement. recalled stating, had this t ~scuss~ng the subJeCt of that anyone who worked at out. lrecal 1 ed t-hat I ka s i mra1 ved ~------------~~--~~~~~~==~==~~~~ preferred that One member of was very negative to funding USAMRIID and the group the money USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012443Anthrax Page 823 of 1446 "' . ' FD-302\!. (Rev. 10-6-95) o __ 4 o , Page _ _ 4=--- b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID/279A-BA-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of J__________________~I___________ .~ 1otoato3 be used for funding schools/ housing or en11r.~tion. r--lrecalled that it was a female member of the crroup. I ldoes ~reca.J-1--4:he name of any of the 1 I of the tour. L_j feels that it is important to fund researchers full time than rely on temporary contractors. ? The news has reported that the anthrax in the mail came from USAMRIID. It would not have been hard to remove anthrax from USAMRIID. Biological agents may be removed from the hot areas by secreting them on your person and walking through the shower area without showering. ShowefinJ was not an OSHA requirement but was a USAMRIID requirement that was aware was not followed. Someone who has tak~fectious material takes a chanpa_qf killing themselves. ~could not identify any~hatL__Jwould suspect taking biolog1cal agents from USAMRIID.L__jcould not identify anyone/ other than I lthat would~considered by others to be a disgruntled employee of USAMRIID. is not aware of anyone who participated in unofficial work wit Ba or its simulants. r---1 is not aware of anyone who "piggy-backed" into and out of thel:'i'o"i: areas of USAMRIID. I ~ecalled tw~cidents involving lax handling of dangerous items at USAMRIID. L___Fec~wo incidents involving unknown ,persons that occurred aroundl____j In one incident c::J observed loose via~der locked freezers in the hallway near the c:Jsuite of rooms. L__jalso recalled an incident involving vials that apparently fell into a freezer used to obtain dry ice.l I was not aware of any area~ USAMRIID that had problems with bacterial contamination. L__jheard that there had been one afterc==J left USAMRIID involving a pass through associated with a hot suite. c==]does not know how to pre~ anthrax for mailing. does not know what a lyofhil~zer is. L__jdoes not have experience in forensic techniques. oes not recall anyone who expressed a sDeciaJ jnte~est i~ens'] techniques. c==Jrecalled that the I _ _at USAMRIID has participated in forensic analysis.mentjoned th?t they were involved in examining ricin bullets. _ ldoes not have any personal or professional association w1th New Jersey and did not travel there in September or October of 2001. c===J r--ldescribed that the standard SOP for decontamination of, Class II ~Class III biosafety cabinets involved paraformaldehyde USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012444Anthrax Page 824 of 1446 o FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o --~----------------------r------------'On 10/08/03 , Page b7C 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID/279A-BA-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---=---- gas and a wipe down of surfaces with a bleach solution. researchers use bleach solutions. Anthrax oes not reca see~ng clear plast~c containers at recalled usin does not equ~pment c=]does not recall using pre-stampe? postal envel~pes or observing pre stamped envrloJes at USAMRIID. \Personal mail cannot be mailed from USAMRIID. has~used the postal vending machines in Frederick, Maryland. has not had contact with any of the anthrax-laced envelopes. has not done any analytical work associated with this case. visits so that tried to would not be in the building , . . ; I; ; . ; ; ; , . ._ ___, USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012445Anthrax Page 825 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page 279A-WF-2229~6USAMRIID/279A-BA-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---L--------------------~------------'On 10/08/03 ___;==--- I lhas no information to provide regarding scientists visiting USAMRIID. I lwould be willing to participate in a polygraph examination associated with this case. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012446Anthrax Page 826 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- .. o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C interviewe?a the provided the ~?._??.,_ _ _?\~)II . ... worked on a ~----~~~~~--------------------------------------_J? this or The ~~~~ork. While waiting for the officially begin I lwas authorised to work from home, whic~ did.for three months. The I ~ater assumed the responsibil1ty of th1s proJect. After the I lbegan working at the umiTED sT=A~T=E~S~A~R~M=Y~M=E=D~I~C~A~4. RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DI~EAS S USAMRIID) . tiJ'Or'Kea under ..the o. sup'erv"'ision of ... USAMRIID for approximately contract had to be signed befor I I ~------~------------------~ worked only in the provided ~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~ indicated where~--------~~ ~~~~~~=-=-==~~~~e~b~ack of the plans, 1A envelope. ~~~r-----~~--owas b7C Investigation on File# by 10 /31/2 0 03 at JL..,.,..,.--------------~b;:-;;:;-------------r-----, ,."6\5 .I \'1;\.3 j279A-WF-22293 6USAMRIID 297A-BA-C101392 SA I I I Date dictated 11/03/2003 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. Oo10f.30J. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012447Anthrax Page 827 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6-95) o II o 10/31/2003 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID 297A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ----~=========================------'~ 2 I ~----~--~r-----~~h~a~d~~r~e~c~e~i~v~e~d~v~a~c~c~i~n~e~s~f~o~r~l____________,land I develoom~~e=n~-=t~o~f,l------------------~~----------~~~~~~==~--~1 ~I----------~lworked only with non-bethal bacillus anthrasis (Ba) . In coniunction withl l which is located ..i.tlJ II !worked on -the I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~ USAMRIID.I lalso worked on developing a Ba vaccine while at !never worked with live Ba and never dried Ba. work . L .------__.___._I_________,_....Jidid ~.H not know 0 BR~ or(m'.__\_lll!!!!m!!II!~J!ii!!r- I I I D " l !l l!l !l l!l l~ ..... ~.....:~----::------:~lcould not recall anyone "piggybacking" through any ,~~----------~ldid not have access to the hot suites. doors but believes that if it did happen, it would only be a person recognized by others. I lnever heard of anyone having bioweapons nor didO know anyone that held a hostile attitude towards the United States government or media. I lhas no suspicions of anyone that could have been responsible for the anthrax mailings. lhas no ties to Trenton or Princeton, New Jersey an has not travel~d to New Jersey r~cy;;~; ~ ldid recall thjrt was return1ng home from a tr1pl____ _ I ~ . s ent the revious I visiting with ? fl w 1nto 1 a elph1a International Airport. during the months of the anthrax mailings and remained had beenj lsince J I I I I did maintain a notebook while working at USAMRIID. does not recall where the notebook is but believes that it would have remained at trSAMRIID after left. E:J I D USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012448Anthrax Page 828 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10?6-95) o o , Page 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID 297A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ----~========================~-----'~10/31/2003 ..........;==--- 3 I lwould be willing to undergo ~ygraph examination if it were to take place near to or atL__Jresidence. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012449Anthrax Page 829 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 10/24/2003 social returned ledJJCat jon i ncl JJdes I Bacillus anthracis (Ba) !hasn't done any work ;:...::..:::::....::L::.-;;,"""'.;_-:::::.-=--=-::.-:. :.-f..J.---------...,---r-----_1-r:::.-;..:::u:r-:r~e n t 1y works in I I in has worked on Ba projects doing orotoco~1~s--u-n~d~e-r~BRUCE IVINS orl I ...,:::;:;=;.....~;:;;.:;..;:~1 was not sure what strains were used. ...,.___ ....,.~...-- worked _______,I with 9 eg The only individuals thatl !thought to have enough expertise in weaponization techniques, spore production apd lyophilizing, are IVINS ,1 Iand any scientist. ~--------, !worked in rooms stated th~a-:-t--:ot'""'h_e_r_e.... were coolers in '":-b-u-~-:-.1::-:d-:-i-n--r----1 on the secon oor. They housed reagents and specimens. wasn't sure exactly what w~s stored in the coolers however~,-s~t~ated that it would be labeled. L lwas unsure of who used this cooler and assumed anyone with access to building! lhad access to the cooler. I !does not know what a lyophilizer is. ..__---o:"__,~__. b7E Investigation on File# ~l~0~/~2~3~/~0~3_____ u Frederick I Mar land i":l'\- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-Cl0139K SA 7,.- \~~"\ Date dictated .:.N:.../..::.A=---------.==----. by ~--------------------------------------~--------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012450Anthrax Page 830 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID/279A-BA-C101396 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------------~---------- 10/23/03 2 , Page - - - - - - Prior to 9/11/01 1 "piggy backing 11 happep:d a Jot Vis.iting scientists had gone into suites however I L_ ldid not know who they were with or what country they were~~r~om~.--~ !stated that if someone wanted to take something from USAMRIID 1 they could just walk off with it prior to- the 9/11/01 time period. ~------~lis not aware of any hostile individuals and does not suspect anyone of the anthrax mailings. Furthermore/ I has not heard any rumors regarding any individual/s interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need. I I forensic knowledge. lis not aware of how to weaponize Ba and has no that lives in been there since before 9 11/01 when he traveled .__ ________. The SOP's for decontamination include paraformaldehyde and ammonia bicarbonate. I Wa~~~~~ of the exact decon process and would have to read them. hasn't been in and I lforl lyears. would know the procedures. L-----~--~lnever noticed any plastic containers. ~~~~--~~ was not aware of any work being conducted with Ba or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded. !does not keep a lab notebook and does not recall using pre-stamped envelopes. !never used any v~nding machines. ~------~lhad nothing to do with processing of the anthrax I letters. b7C USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012451Anthrax Page 831 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o lieved that o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID/279A-BA-C101396 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---------------------------------------- 10/23/03 3 ,Page _ __ .--------.~.~~----~lrecalled seein left USAMRIID. b7C I lnever ?~~~~conversations withl I never complained about anything. regarding! I ._________.talked to I Ion one I lnever mentioned _occas~on about -----.....1 ._I of any connections! lmay have with New Jersey. ~---~~-u~~aware of any social connections of I Ito include.....__ _ _ _-.....~ ._________.....lnever hosted any foreign visitors. ~----~I lworksiL-~------------------------------~1 ' I 1------T-Blso works I I !supervisor is I I ~-------'-lw~orks the majority of~~~~~-------------------~~--~ I I I ._________-...~I at ~--------~------~lconsented to a polygraph and is scheduled for 10 : 0 0 a.m. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012452Anthrax Page 832 of 1446 o? FD-302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription 11/03/2003 b7E FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION home ~~~~~---p----------~r-r-~~--_J e tele hone work phone ~~~------~was interv ewed at employment: the United States Army Medical R search Institute for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detric Maryland. After being advised of the identity of the investigating agents and the purpose of the interview,! ~r~vided the following information: ._____,...__,...----..,..----r--'1-r---r--~------::--:-___. ~------L-------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RIID as~l---~ ---------. and has held this ..-------. at USAMRIID since . _ I_ _ _ . L..-----1 returned to USAMRIID in at USAMRIID but does not participate in ~----~~~~~----~----~~~~~~---~ I lhas not been 1n the hot suites at USAMRIID s1nce Ibut c==Jis currently immunized. I ~~--~~lnot grown or cultured Bacillus anthracis (Ba), worked on studies related to the Ba v ? I lnot?k~ anyone who may be an expert in weaponization techn1ques .. L___Jassumes BRUCE ,VINS may know something about it as he interacts often withl._ ~~-----------....1 ___ I I ?I lthe followir;g clearances and vaccines, b~~~~~~~~ the hot side of the labs: Investigation on File# that had by ~1_______________......_______-:...!..t'.!..!:/(--=..J'?"-J_ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is \ 1..%"\ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C10192' Date dictated SAl I ; 1>~\,:. ... --=1::..:0:::.. ./:.. . :3:::.. ;0:::.. .1:.. . :2=-0=-0:::..:3=--_at Frederick MD 11, 03, 03 f) ____.~ "'J;tuL the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012453Anthrax Page 833 of 1446 o FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 179A-BA-C10192 Continuation ofFD-302 of --------------------------=L--------'~ 10/30/2003 Page _ _ __ 2 lwasgovided a floor plan of buildingll#-, USAMRIID on which marked and initialed all areas~L__jhas worked in. A copy o the floor plan is attached. 1 !worked :ccasicoally on the~floor of building 1n laboratories At times worked in J when those labora or1es were used for stu 1es on the I I _ I buildiki'l ~has never used the cold storage in room I worked in on tliel lof I and Ifloor of suites. I I Inever new anyone to piggy-back in or out of the hot ldoes not know how one could remove a select agent from the laboratories. drying any of does not know anyone to? ever use a lyophilizer for ents." c==Jis not aware of ever using a lyohilizer in k. . lis not.aware of anyone who would want to remove a select agent or who would make one for use in an improper fashion. ldoes not know of anyone who would be suspect in the mailings of the anthrax-laced letters. I I ~------~hoes not know of anyone with hostile views toward the government, specific politicians, the media, or others. I ldoes not know of anyone to having dried Ba. I ldoes not know of anyone with specific skills to avoid forensic techniques. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012454Anthrax Page 834 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 179A-BA-C10192 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~======================~-------'Onl0/30/2003 3 ldoes not have any personal or professional ~~--w~i~th anyone in the Trenton or Princeton New Jersey area. believes thatl lmay have family in New Jersey. ~------------~may alsd(have relatives in the New Jersey area. I lis not suie of what the standard operation procedure for decontamination is. I lhas never seen, nor used, plastic storage containers at USAMRIID, nor does c=:Jknow where any may be kept. All ofl are maintained I lresearch and study perform~otebooks I in room D o f building L__J ~~----~~~has never purchased pre-stamped envelopes nor has c===Jever used any of the vending machines in the Frederick, Maryland area to purchase postal products. letters. ~~------~~did not see nor handle any of the anthrax-laced .bas....never known Lr--------------,...---__JI did not know anything aboutc===Juntil afterl I ~------~lhas never sponsored any foreign visiting scientists. ~-------r,----~ I lhas never known any foreign visting scientists to be allowed in the hot suites of USAMRIID. ' work hours are t !denied having ever given anyone Ba. ~==:::::! ldenied having anything to do with the preparation or mailin~g--o-:of....-:-t'""h_e......~ anthrax-laced letters. J I USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012455Anthrax Page 835 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o o 10/30/2003 , Page b6 2 79A-WF-22293 6- USAMRIID ,? 179A-BA-C10192 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~======================~~-----'~ ____;==--- 4 examination. ~ the polygfaphl the exam. is USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012456Anthrax Page 836 of 1446 illJCLASSIFIED FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o BY 60:324UCBA~,J/DK./CZ.IV o -1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 11/24/2003 oymen , e n1t States ArmY. Medical Research Institute of In ec 1ous s (liSAMR.I.J:D..)_1_J Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland. After eing advised of tAe i~entitu of ca~~~~ interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, l provided the following information: T I attended and does hot suit~ O Investigation on I ldid not ~tly witness piggy backing of card ss into hot suites. L__Jdid not work a lot during off hours. worked after hours p;1or to Sept~1, 2001, but that was e n D worked atl I L___Jnever purchased pre\0 at 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIITIDJ.-~?~~?~~-------------------------------t_______j File# by 279A-BA-C101392- \1-.C\'U SA SA Date dictated 11/24/2 00 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agen it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012457Anthrax Page 837 of 1446 .. . .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 11/24/2003 ,Page _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~================~-------------'On 2 stamped envelopes and never used the vending machines that sold them. I ldid not k n o g e existence of the postal vending machines at USAMRIID. did not know what was stored in the walk-in cooler in room in Building! land never had any reason to enter the cooler. I Idees not know what bacterial contamination smells like and never noticecr any decontamination agents being used in any suites to counteract contamination. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012458Anthrax Page 838 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 11/26/2003 I !provided the following L-----~lprovided the following overview of c==Jeducational and career experience: Graduated with 1......;::----.==::!..I..::D:.:::e::.:jgree froml 1 I _____....~.___, ~...,~,...n_,l Living and working inl I I stated that durinq 1 1was asked to work for I r I of USAMRIID on a oroi ect t.o I I Tn~s oroJect was very similar to what I had been working on at I I direct I I supervisor while at USAMRIID during! Jwasl I 11/2 4 /2 0 3 0 J I I Investigation on File # -. ~. -:F ':.ls~~zs::~:-:r:ZiiiVc:?~x"~?"L..t:''~ ..,.::-~.:::::A...--?>--------------------......JI-------..;;~"'?\.:-: .... 0 at by __ S_A-L~----------------?-~~--------------------------------------USAMRIID Section 12.pdf c279A;...wp..:.222936-302 _... "}' {..,0 Date dictated n/a This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the prope1ty of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012459Anthrax Page 839 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-G-95) o D I o 11/24/2003 2 b6 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~==============~---------------?On I lstated that ~ever worked with any form of anthrax wh~le?at USAMRIID and only worked in a~~----~--------~1 .____--:......1 suite a few times always accompanied by I I I remembers being issued a key card for access int~o~t~h~e~r~~==~~t~~u~~~t~e~at USAMRIID. r SA I lthen asked I lthe relevant questions provided by WFO for interview purposes. If never interviewed: 1. Obtain.details on education, specializations, nature of work at each laboratory of employment; details on work with biological organisms (particularly Bacillus anthracis (Ba)). Answer: Covered above 2. Determine whether any work with Ba was on the living organism or only with components such as toxin, DNA, etc. Answer: . _ I_ _ _.lhas never worked with any form of anthrax 3 .. Obtain details on all projects involving Ba including identification of contracts, subcontractors, lab assistants, whether the worJ<:::. involved spores or just vegetative cells, strains used, specifically how the Ba was grown, storage technique and all storage locations, distribution to any other researchers. Answer: ~l _____.lha~ never worked with any form of anthrax 4. Have you ever used the modified G sporulation media? When, on what organism and strain, where was it stored? Answer: lhas never worked with any form of anthrax or anthrax created using the modified G sporulation media I USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012460Anthrax Page 840 of 1446 FD:302a (Rev. I0-6-9 5) o o 3 ,Page _ __ 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------=L-----------------'~ 11/24/2003 5. What type of culture technique did you use? Was it single colony or multiple colony culture technique? you used both, what time-frames did you use each? If Answer:~~----~~has never worked with any form of anthrax 6. Identify any work involving the drying of Ba. Was.a lyophilizer used? What was the specific technique? Are any samples of dried Ba still maintained? , Were high resolution images collected? Answer:l lhas used a lyophilizer in the past on various projects involving plague but never anthrax 7. I 8. Were the strains used fully characterized? Where did they originate, and where have they been disseminate~ the strain was Ames, did it come from Bruce Ivins orl____j I ? Answer:!.___ _---Ilhas never worked with any form of anthrax l Identify any persons who have expertise in weaponization techniques, spore production, lyophilizing. Is there anyone else we should talk to about the above issues? Answer: ldoes not know of any individuals with the above l1sted expertise I 9. Identify any areas of USAMRIID which had problems with bacterial contamination, particularly virology suites. Answer: I lnever heard about any issues of bacterial cross contam1nation. 10. Identify the areas routinely used by the employee (use floor plans) . Answer: I ~--------~ I 11. ~1-a~b--o~n lwas unable to spec1f1ca11y 1dent1fyl the blueprints provided by WFO. I Determine if the person used the hot~s of building Was the walk-in cooler, roomL___Jused? Who was I USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012461Anthrax Page 841 of 1446 .o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o observed using the walk-in cooler? stored there? o 11/24/2003 4 ,Page _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---===============~---------------oOn Do you know what was Answer:astated thatl !conducted while at IID(approximatelyc===Jtimes total) was done lin t~~ laboratory building, never in building 12. Did people "piggy-back" in and out of the hot areas at USAMRIID?' Were visiting scientists taken into the hot areas by USAMRIID resea~chers? AJ:_lswer: lstated thatllcannot remember ever w1tness1ng anyone "piggybkcJd.ng" into thel jarea at USAMRIID. I 13. How could someone remove Select Agents from the hot areas covertly? Identify any individuals who attempted this. Answer :I !believes that it would be "pretty easy" to remove select agents from thec::Jsuites at USAMRIID. I lstated that someone could conceal an agar plate or a small vial under in the armpit area long enough to get h the "shower-in/shower-out" process covertly. does not know of any individuals who ever attempted emove select agents from ~ ~ab. O 14. Are you aware of anyone who said they might make a Select Agent for use in some improper fashion? Answer: No 15. Are you aware of any persons with the access and ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the media, or others? Answer: No 16. Are there any persons you believe to be or suspect of possibly being associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters? Who and why? Answer: No USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012462Anthrax Page 842 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-9 5) . o Answer: No o ,on 279A-WF-222936-302 11/24/20C)3 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------------L------------------- 5 ,Page _ _ __ 17. Are there any people with whom you have worked who were lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents? 18. Was there anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents, or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so? Answer: No 19. How would you go about preparing dried Ba and sending it through the mail? Answer:! !believes that it would be p~ough to prepare dried Ba and put it in the mail. does not know how someone would find out what powfer to ink to the.Ba spores ~o induce ~erosolizat~on. _ ldoes not bel~eve that s~mply open~ng an envelope would be enough energy to disperse the dried anthrax. I !believes that you would need to pressurize the envelope in some manner to ensure proper dispersal. 20. Are you aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques? Answer: No 21. Do you or any of your associates have any personal or professional association with Trenton, New Jersey, Princeton or other areas of New Jersey? Answer: No 22. Did you or any of your associates travel to New Jersey in September or October 2001? Do you recall where you were during that time period? Answer: I ldoes not believe ~ver been in New Jersey and believesOwas ~during the specified time frame. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012463Anthrax Page 843 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-302 Continu)ltion ofFD-302 of --'=========::::::.._________ ,On 11/24/2 0 03 6 23. Are there SOPs for decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets in your work areas? What are they? Answer: I I does not know if USAMRIID has any SOPs for the deco~ation of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets. 24. Has: paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde fumigation been employed in the virology areas? When? Answer: ~has no knowledge of this process. 25. Have you ever smelled bacterial decontamination agents in the virology suites? Answer: No 26. Have you ever used plastic storage containers, such as sterilite boxes, for storage of your materials at USAMRIID? If so, how, where and when were they purchased? By whom? Did you ever notice any such storage boxes missing? Answer: No 27. Are you aware of any work being conducted with Ba or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded? Answer: No 28. Was all of your work recorded in lab notebooks? are they stored? Where ._______.possession.'? 29. ~~~~~~~-a-n~L__jwould assume the lab book is in ~ed that all of D work was recorded in ? Did you ever purchase pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the mailings for your own use or for anyone else? If so, did you ever give them to anyone else? Where were the envelopes stored? Answer: No USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012464Anthrax Page 844 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o Answer: No o 11/24/2003 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~==============~----------------'On 7 30. Did you ever use any of the vending machines in Frederick to purchase pre-stamped_envelopes? If so, which machine and when? ,. 31. Did you personally handle any of the anthrax-laced letters or envelopes? If so, when, what rooms, who else was present? Answer: No 32. Did you do any analytical work on the evidence in this case? ~et details. Answer: No 26. Is there anything we have not asked you that you could tell us which could be related to the anthrax letter mailings? Answer: No If interviewee hosted foreign visiting scientists: I I stated that never hosted a foreign nisi t i ncr scientist while working at USAMRIID duringl I Therefore the listed questions were not askLe~d~o~f~l======~----~ If interviewee was D I I member: USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012465Anthrax Page 845 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I 1 1...1 o .~ 11/24/2003 Page - - - - - - - 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of 8 --~----------------~------------------ I lwas not --,....-......,....--~--------------------r---.:----~lmember while work~ng at USAMRIID duringl Therefore the listed questions were not asked of~~----~ ....._____ Sex: Race: Height : Weight: Hair: _____.lean be described I 1 as follows: ~----~r-------, Approx. Approx. I 1 ....___ _____, USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012466Anthrax Page 846 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: b7C ROUTINE Date: 12/l:l/2003 To: Washington Field From: Washington Field AMX 3, Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: I I ::::=.========:::__, I e ' o < :J. . ~--~ Case ID #: 279A-WF-22293 6 -POI (Pending) -0..0\ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- ~SS Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 I Synopsis: I Report results of the investigation regarding! Details: An investigation of commenced because r---lhad access to locations where the Ames strain of Bacillus ~racis (Ba) was stored at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Inf~ctious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland. I I I date of birthl with Social Secur~ tv Account Numberr [...::::.:::.....::==-=.:::...L..t--rh-co~m-e-a""""Lct'~"""~'""ct:r-e-s-s-rl--..r.;l r-------~~-~~~~~--------~-~ home telephone nuffibe~. I I ~s a USAMRIIDI lemplovee workina as the I 1~n t:.nel I 1 at ll.MP o I I started at USAMRIID r I I 1 linl I 1 I I has held the same basic position that I I earnedl Istarted IDegree in I r I in IL..--_ _....~1 USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012467Anthrax Page 847 of 1446 .. . To: Re: Washington a d . From: Washington Fie o 279A-WF-222936-POI, 12/2/2003 at USAMRIID. The machines are located in rooms I I I ~--~~~~--~~--------~~ BRUCE IVINS andl prOVJ.ded the anthrax spores to the the non-human primates. I ~------------------~ r to infect I A time-line of I !activities for the likely periods of the mailing o! the anthrax letters from Princeton, New Jersey was compiled using USAMRIID Key Card Access records, telephone call records and credit card records. The time-line focused on any six-hour period for~~?~L------m~~~~------~ unaccounted with the remise that ~--------~T~e~l~e~phone ~----~--~--~~as registered in the name of toll records documented that telephone number The telephone is a household telephone, and toll records do not indicate who specifically made the telephone calls. I I Time-line First Mailing (5:00p.m., 9/17/01 through 8:00p.m., 9/18/01) 2 USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012468Anthrax Page 848 of 1446 To: Re: Washington . l d From: . Washington .F i e . 279A-WF-222936-POI, 12/2/2003 b7C USAMRIID Faci~ity ~ard. Access re:Qumented thatl I entered Buit::l L___jon 9/17/01 at and remained at work until exit at! I Tlie on~eriod between key card activ~ y uring work hours for which was unaccounted ~n 9/17/01 was approximatelyc=Jhours and m~nutes. After exitin AMRIID Ioni9/~~/01, li~counted for during a period of hours and inutes until dged in again on 9/18/01 at exited Building on 9/18/01 at! I T e o~:~s~ ~riod between key card activity during work hours for which 's unaccounted for on 9/18/01 was approximatel~hours an minutes. A reyiew of call tol telep~one I toll records showed a telephone Jon 9/17/01 at 7:06 PM. ? A review ofL~------~------------------~=-~~~--~--~ credit card transactions andl IBank Records indicated no purchases during this time frame. Time-line Second Mailing (3:00p.m., 10/06/01 through 11:00 a.m., 10/09/01} thatl USAMRIID Facility Ke~ ]entered B~ildingl rema~ned at work unt~l~'------~- t~lepbane toll rrcords documen tq . atl I L;------~~--------~~~~~ records documented a purchase at on 10/6/01. ~----~ USAMRIID KE;y-._ Card Access records documented that first entered USAMRIID on 01 atl ~~ ~emain~e-d a_t~ __ work on 10/7/01 until There were approx~mately 20 hours and 36 minutes for wh~ch unaccounted between 10/6/01 at ~-~I PM and 10/7/01 at .__ I ________ .....~ calls fro~ ~[______~l~yelephone toll records documented the following Jresidence on 10/7/01: Telephone call to~~------------------~l~a~t 11:52 AM; Telephone call tol I at 11:53 AM. I pur,chase on 10/7/01 at the I lcredit card records documented a 3 I in~l--------------------~ USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012469Anthrax Page 849 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-POI, 12/2/2003 ~d Fie~ b7C USAMRIID Key Card Access records documented! entering USAMRIID on 10/8/01 at lis unaccounted for during a eriod of approximate! 18ours and 16 minutes from 10/17/01 at to 10 8 01 at I !remained at USAMRIID on 10 8 01 until The longest period between key card activities on 10 8 01 was approximately 2 hours and 5 minutes. I hI I lis again unaccounted for during a period of apg'mately 10 hours and 45 minutes from 10/8/01~tPM until is recorded entering USMARIID on 10/9/01 at where emained untill l During work hours on 10 9 03, the longest period of time between key card activity was approximately 3 hours and 52 minutes. I . Additional Information: concernin~investigation and has been cooperative and forthcoming with investigators. r----lhas been interviewed on at leastl I occasions On voluntarily subrn.itted to a polygraph examination concerning the anthrax mailings. The result of the examination was not indicative of deception. ~ition to the findings presented above and the fact that~has cooperated with this investigation, no direct, test~monial or circumstantial evidence has been ?.. discovered to date which suggests that r----1may ~ave been involved in the anthrax-laced letter maii'riig'S. Unless oluntj J such evidence is identified, no further investigation of is intended in this case . I oo 4 USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012470Anthrax Page 850 of 1446 6 0 3.2 4UCBAl!J /DK/ CMl!J. - 1- o FD-302,_(Rev. 10-6-95) o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b6 b7C 10/30/2003 on? 10 Federal following ~--------_.--------~~~==~~~~~~onduct~l-n-~1~----------------~~ is currentl ed at I ~..I_ _ _.....1 has been ~~~~----~~~._--~~~ 0 and works primar~ly Monday ./ rovided the foll ing names of co-workers with at USAMRIID: ~~~----~ldid not kno time period. r----~----~=u=nt=l~il any anthrax researchers during th~ Iwent to I ~. I___.I and worked as an =I====I~ I I b7E I YK( Investigation on File # ----------------------------------------------~J~---~l-2 7 9A- WF- 2 2 2 9 3 6- USAMRI ID, 2 7 9A- BA- C1 0 13 9 :;pate dictated ~l~0~/~2~9~/~0~3____ atJL--~~----J-~VTI~-------------------~-~ , "::1\0'P ,\1-C\"'\ by~ls_s_A_I_______I ______~----------~t'~;/.~~~t~!q__~---~~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ..:::l~0:.~:/..::3:;:0::/::0::3=====::;-IJ.__ ___.~? I USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012471Anthrax Page 851 of 1446 , FD-302a~Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o 10/29/03 , Page _....:2=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIp, Continuation ofFD-302 of L______________________r___________ ,On returned to Fort Detrick for ~----~~~~r~o~v~i~d~e~d~t~he worked during the names of individuals with whom i e frame as follows: I The only bacterial researche s and investigators that lknew were I and PERRY MIKESEL~ (decease ) . d ~--------~--------~~w_o~r~k~~a_t__ __ U_S_AM R_I_I_D~was exclusively with~~----~ Biological agents used for investigations were always prepared by the investigators I did not work with aeorsol stud'~i~e~s~.----------------------------------~ Pr~mate necrops~es were usually performed by pathologists. !conducting studies on Bacillus anthr cis (Ba) , however never did swabbing or streaking of agar pla~es nor did c==]part~c~pate in or understand the culturing or growing process. I ~ ldid work with investigators BRUCE VINS and I with BRUCE IVINS. !believes all Ba samples would have originated USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012472Anthrax Page 852 of 1446 o FD-302a~Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o , Page __.....;3;;;____ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~-------------'On 10/29/03 I ldid not know anyone to dry Ba nor did what a lyophilizer was. ~----~ldoes not recall there being bacterial contamination in the D know No one ever expressed an interest in weaponization of biological agents tol I I I areas of I I worked in building~~---p------~ ~----~~1~?n~vestigations . .______.I Oworke ? floor of building During~l-r----------~~~--.-----~ I !never used the cooler in room c:::J of building could not recall spending any time in rooml I B conducting ~----------------------....1 also worked in labs of buildin lwas provided a map of buildi~l and marked and initialed all areas in whichL_J1 ~w-o-r-.;-k-e-d-.:--w-=h:-1..,..,=rl_e__. employed at USAMRIID . D I ......________.btated that areas was frequent. 11 piggy-backing 11 in and out of the hot ~------~lwas not sure if visiting scientists had access to the hot areas. Removing a biological agent would not be difficult. One could shower out with it on one's person or use the pass box. I lsaid 11 ice cream containers 11 , small cardboard containers often used in the labs, could be used to carry out an agent by passing it through an ultraviolet light making the outside safe, however the inside of the container could still remain hot. USAMRIID. ~--~~felt that safety regulations were slack at 1\s~ name! lnhonetj c) in the USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012473Anthrax Page 853 of 1446 o FD-302a>(Rev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o , Page ----'4=---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~-------------'On 10/29/03 I ldoes not know anyone with interests in obtaining dangerous items nor was anyone interested in gaining access to specific agents. ldoes nqt know of anyone who had hostile attitudes toward the government, politicians, the media or others. USAMRIID. I ~~------~~never knew of any equipment to be missing from lhas no knowledge of how to prepare dried Ba and send it ina.....,.t..,.h_e m_a.....,J..l . __ None ofl !family or.associates traveled to New Jersey in September or October of 2001. books 11 at USAMRIID. ~~~~~~did not know of any work to be done 11 off the ~~----~~~did not ever purchase mail products from vending machines in Frederick, Maryland nor hasc=Jever purchased franked envelopes. /~ ( did not know 1.__-r---~"':""':"--J.I.J:Prior to 'l__________...__,l~t~h~e~a~nthrax mailings. ldid not host any foreign visitors to USAMRIID whilec==Jwas e/ployed there. I I I I I !recalled that~l--~--------------------------~~ attended! !around the time of the first~m--a~i~l~i-n_g J..~.n--S~e-p~t-e-mb~e-r--2~~~0~1-.------------~ __ email access at work. residence. I r-------------------, internet atl I ~------~~ uses ~--------------------~ for fuel purchases. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012474Anthrax Page 854 of 1446 .FD-3Q2aJRev. 10-6-95) o 279A-BA-C101392 o ,Page b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Continuation of FD-302 of --~----------------------~-----------'On 10/29/03 _s_ I I I II lfor ~he mailings of the anthrax-laced letters and will provide the information to I I .~~--~~agreed to look for information that would showc==J was home during the periods of the anthrax mailings and provide said documentation to investigators. ~------~~agreed to take a polygraph exam on~~------------~ Attached hereto and considered part of this document is a copy of the floor plans of USAMRIID provided to I I USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012475Anthrax Page 855 of 1446 - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C 11 I 2 4 I 2 0 0 3 I I Snl"'i .:::~1 '"' '+u n. I n~ro of Birth: ...... I r 'Pol I Address~ ..... -1. , ..... .l. ,o. JErnploved as: I l ~ ~----------~~~~~~qL-------------~--~~--~1 L I Telephone Number: I I was interviewed Upon being advised of the identity ~o~f~t~h~e~----~ interviewing agent, and the nature of the interview, Ll----------~ provided the following information: La~t~t--h,e~~~---~~~~~~~1 I States Army L.f"""VJe.....,.,a.,.l~c~a..,.I__,.Rr-:e:-::s:-::e:-::a:-:r':":c;:,h:--"IT.n::-s::-t:i:"'Ti:::'t:::u-:;:t-:e-:::f;:o::r::-:I;::n::-:f;:e::-c=t:-tjlfor the Unitedus 1lMR r r n) , in ou s Qi sea s e s c L----~~ ------------------------------------------------~-1 lwas ;? ntroduced to I !by I r II Ihas always._b e_e_n_.... .... 7 ~s~k~e~p~t~l~c~a~r~a~b~o~u~t~j------~-- A~n~y~q=u~e~Stlons. relatina to I duties, titles L.r_e ___., bili ties, etc. , 1 _ I Ll p er not The overall belief d thatl lwas a Opinion Impression wise, I ~t~,o~ok~t~o wi .c:;e no one knew anyt-;!h:.:i:=n!::Lq:i.....!a:!:;!b~o~ul=!;J.:...Jtl~...--______ lwas known as a I .:::~ +rh?"' H-.:::>+? . . _ _ 1_ _ _ _ _ _ 1 ~ rlr-----,~-....-~rl _ _ _ _ _ _ _....,ltold I ..L ralSO tolCfl I lthat.. LI_________.,..I J IL-___________. r The purpose of this tri trip ,.....J_______ well as IIJ:.bur..sia~qu.q,u;e;:,~,d.L...Jt.J.OJ.JI~..-_______,J that I r installed . . . . .;n had a I c=J ~ car. as Investigation on File# 1112412003 279A-WF-222936-LEAD~? SA I l \l$Boo:: () lr-o-, ~ at._'")~ ~~------------1 1112412003 Date dictated by USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012476Anthrax Page 856 of 1446 o , FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o !remembers thatl ~me, o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-LEAD b7C ContinuationofFD-302of ~L------------------'r--- ,On 11/24/2003 _.-2;;;;...__ I ;~~~r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--------------r~ was ~n prior to c arqe of the from Universi College, and you consi at USAMRIID ~s~p~o~r~e~s~,~v~e~a~e~ya~~t~i~v~e~c~?~l~J~s~.~a~n~rl1j~s~t~o~r~a~q~e~.~lws~~1-------=----:,_r--J ~~~~~~~!only experience wi~h Bacillus anth~acjs r~a~ ~\:::::::::~!~A~llL-o~f~T~----~T~wLo-r~k-w_a_s_o_n_l~--------------r--------.... ~,_,_,_~,_,_,_,_~,_,_,_~~,_~bothl :_______~======~----. ~---------- in The vaccinesl--,___. 1n ~v~duals assured their irnmuniginisity to work environment. advised no exper~ence inasmuch a::l these land~,_~ 1nd~v~dualsl w1th the modified G sporulation media. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012477Anthrax Page 857 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev.l0-6-95) o _._,__ o ,Pagc_...::::3__ 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of L---------------.....L-oOn 11/24/2003 ~___.I has studied " sified" literature on the drying of Ba. According to the rocedures for processing and weaponizing Ba are class1 1e . knows that Ba spores need to be between 2 to 5 microns, 1n or er for them to be able to be inhaled and remain in the pulmonary system. I lalso knows that the spores need to be charged so that they repel each other. This charge allows the spores to remain aerosolized. To the best of~ ~ knowledge, dried Ba is still maintained at USAMRIID. I Phas read about the testing of primates at USAMRIID. T is testing wo~ave to involve Ba that is maintained at USAMRIID. Based upon readings, Ba originally came from the USDA, around 1950. The es strain is the main strain of Ba. This strai~n s eventually applied to the weapons program. As fa~ :s I . knows, each strain can be traced back to its origin. l _ as no knowledge of USAMRIID ever farming/dissemina 1ng strains. ldoes not know BRUCE IVINS, or I I I :1====~--------------------------------~lare the SAMRIID Medical Management of Chernical/Biolo ical Casualties Course. After~t~a~l~k~1:?n~~d~o~w~~~~~~~. .~~r-----~~~~~._-----, invited back. b-~~==~ who spoke at various USAMRIID courses, also spoke at indivitiuals that I I knows to be experts in weaponizing I lhas an article that pertains to the first meeting between I The article talks about the weather and "what a great time to release whatever." The article does not talk about the manufacturing process, just the optimal time to release certain agents. This is an article that was authored byl I near the end of the United States offensive biological program. I I lworked on the "offensive" side of the weapon1zation program. USAMRIID is part of the "defensive" side of the weaponization program. USAMRIID also works with Aberdeen Proving Ground, for the design and production of Chemical/Biological masks. During c=]time at USAMRIID, I lrecalls one instance where there was an accidental release of Ba. This release coincided with the visit of a Senator from New Orleans. T~h~e~----~ Senator was touring USAMRIID at the time of the release. ~~--------~ USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012478Anthrax Page 858 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,On 279A-WF-222936-LEAD ContinuationofFD-302of __JL__________________.. __ 11/24/2003 ,Page _ _4=--- is not sure of the date/time period of this release happened inside the "h,;;.o~t.!;;_.!::!a;.:r;.::;e;.:a!;..::?:...'_'___,T=.;o~..l::.;!;;!O?.."""'-l-ii..lool.:..__w..........__ _.__ 1 knowledgeJ ]remembers ~------~lwas provided with a set of floor pla~n~s~f~o~r._____~ USAMRIID. The rooms marked with an "X" are areas that ~...1 has worked in. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ . "Piggy Backing" in the "hot area" did not occur. Having said that, there was a problem with all of the other entrances. The problem involved instances where several employees would enter the facility, after only one person was granted access. To gain access to the "hot area," one must be wearing the "blue chemical suit." Visiting scientists, as well as visitors, by protocol, must have all of their vaccines prior to entering the "hot area." Even though it is unlikely, it is possible for a visitor to gain access to the "hot area." lbetween 1996 and 1999, Clb ~nvestigated a matter where USAMRIID soldiers manufactured illicit drugs. These soldiers used a "hot suite" as their laboratory.! lis not sure how they got their drugs out Of the "hot area." I lstated, "If they can get their drugs out of there, that may be something that you want to look into." I Blso said, "I am sure that someone can sneak something out if they want to." I ldoes not recall seeing any sensors, nor any security measures, ~n place to detect the removal of biological/chemical agents from USAMRIID. No one was ever "frisked" while entering or leaving USAMRIID. r ~~~--~~ks not aware of anyone who expressed a desire to make a Select Agent for use in an improper fashion; nor isl I aware of anyone with access and ability, who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the media, or others. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012479Anthrax Page 859 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ oo ___.L ,on 11/24/2003 , Page 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of _....:5::___ ~------~boes not Anthrax letters. suspect anyone to be the culprit of mailing the Pre-September 11, 2001,1 lrecalls an incident where a foreign scientist, from New York, took a vial of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis. This scientist took the y~al to New York, after being administered the vaccine. I ]believes that this scientist was from a Middle Eastern country. CID tracked the scientist down and recovered the vial. This scientist no longer has access to USAMRIID.I ladvised that the FBJ investigated this matter as well. Iattend Ll the: Lh~--------------------~lt~r~a~3~r~e~J~e~d~t.a~l~-.--~~--~------~lto s 2 ;bj j s a ----------------------------~ SOP's for decontamination within Paraformaldeh de is us from lwas b7F rooms an was ~~~~s~p~r~o~c~e~u~r~e~w~a~s~n~e~v~e~r-=n~e~e~d~ed whilel removed I vaccines far Ba. All time at USAMRIID, lhas never used plastic storage contaifers such as steril boxes, for storage of materials at USAMRIID. , is not aware of a ded/unofficial work with Ba. During~!--~ J I remembe s a group that worked on work is recorded in I neij I ~---~ J lhas never purchased pre-stamped envelopes, nor hasc:Jever purchased tbe pre-stamped envelopes from the vending mach~nes in Frederick. ~as never handled any of the Anthrax-laced letters or envelopes. I L I lthe letter(s) sent to off1ce of Senator Daschle. ~the letters were determined to be weaponized-Anthrax,L___jperformed screening duties on the USAMRIID personnel that examined the envelopes. I sTein?~~~====~~ RIID, on three occas~ons.remembers see~ng walking around the halls of US IID, unescorted, in the hallway between the series and series of offices. All three times that ~ I rei:bers D I Iknew I c==J . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012480Anthrax Page 860 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) . o o 11/24/2003 bv 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of L------------------------------ ,On I was no lonrer wj th empl mred ,Page--=--- ~~~~----~~d~o-e_s n_o_t r_e~call seeing_ __ __ saw I TJSAMRTID. I I lhas never allowedl Ito "piggy backr.:~:...."....,__--.-_.......h:.a.:a.:. ~s. , l never witnessed I ltake any equipment, nor has seenl move any equipment around USAMRIID. ~------~ U I USAMRIID, he or she is Lw~~~~~~~n~oorr~--~-fi~e~~~J:~aiKnlt:.~---------,;w~o~rJkdi~n1cg;-~w~lU'tthh ~c-u~t-u_r_e_s~, never nor lyophilizers to work with to work in the laboratory in order Iin the "hot area" of buildingi.......:-:-:--,.IL-~~~~~~~...=.~......H'"-------,. ~w-e-n~t~t0 the cooler was to assist with I lhas never seen room was not an employee of USAMRIID; there~o~~--------~~~~ be in the cooler. I In ever asked or access to any isolates, equipment, or to other areas of USAMRIID. ~~~~------~ does not know where ever stored any of c=Jrn~terials or samples. that I J brought in samples fromL-----------------------------~ Accor ? o prov1 e 1s art1cle to the writer. . - I- - - - - - - - - - - , I lhas never heard I I talk about political issues, or any issues involving~r-----------------,_~--~~ I !advised that the FBI sbould talk'l:O! want to know about whatl lhas said about production and use of I I re erence to and New Jers~y~.------------------~ USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012481Anthrax Page 861 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. I0-6-95) . o has never spent an o ,On 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of L-----------------------~- 11/24/2003 ,Page _.....;..7__ social time wit USAMRIID. ~~~~--;--~lhwwe~l~i~e-Jrifs tha~t~--~----~~h~a~d~~a~w~a~y~o~f~~q~e~t~t~j~n~a~t~h~,~?n~a~t~a~t1 _descn bes I :.. ?~~~=-~ b7C However, name of! in the~s~o-l~e--~ USAMRIID. strjc: by provJ. e I ____ :o::rgl ?r=l ug pr~~:~::r:~~col in order to bring no timee did ever enter ~hot areas" at :;.:.___...._"""'lwas only a.r w cess to Ward L__Jand was under jt all t;mes. was under constant SUQeryjsiop J _ ]is mentJ.oned in the article that l e interviewing agent. I AMRIID and asked to )never purchased, nor otherwise obtained any pre-stamped enve opes whJ.le at USAMRIID. I !never showed any anti-American sentiments during his visit to USAMRIID. ~---L------_.~~~~~~t ! any time with the members of I !while was common knowledge that ~~!!QJL_______j__lt_~~~~~~~hatl !was AccoraJ.ng to USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012482Anthrax Page 862 of 1446 FD-J02a (Rev. 10-6-95) o _.I...~..~hjard _" o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302of ~L-----------------t-- ,On 11/24/2 0 03 -.....:8=--- ,..._----JL.,.___ _ _ 1 . rumors thatl lhad many connections with ._I_-=-' It was also rumored that the I lhad a lot of ~m-o_n_e_y-.-A~p-p_a_r_e_n~tly, USAMRIID is no longer funded th~s way. USAMRIID is now funded through proper military channels. or course After September 11, 2001, the Physicians Assistant (PA) to the White House contacted USAMRIID reference concerns about Anthrax attrcks: I I 1he PA was looking for_ _ U ll J is now al I and is poss~bly still at USAMRIID. lagreed to provide the interviewing agent the article on the offens~ve side of the Botulinum toxjn This is the same article that has the 1 I I USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012483Anthrax Page 863 of 1446 6 0 3 2 4UCBA\,J /DK/ CUI!.T. FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription b6 12/12/2003 I date of birtn Social Securityufuberl was ~nterviewed by Special Agents l land I I at c:::J place of employment at the u.s. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Ft Detrick, Maryland. After being advised of the identities of the interviewing Agents and the nature of the interview, I !voluntarily provided the following information: current osition is a J I lhave access to Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) .1 I use both agar and broth to grow B.a. Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) is used most often as the agar growth medium, and sometimes New S orulation Media (NSM) is also used, but not ve~ften. as unsure whether Modified G media is used. L_Jbelieves that would have laboratory notebooks that would answer that question. Both single colony and multiple colony culturing techniques have been used depending on the type of experiments. I !guesses that for the culturing of the Ames strain, multiple colony culturing was utilized. r---------~~~=-~---Jfirst worked with B.a. during I Dur~ng the first Gulf War in the 1990''~s-,--w--o-r~k--w~~~t~h--~ e mes s rain of B.a. increased as it was used as the test strain in the laboratory. I !~worked with, and continues to work with, live B.a. spores. ~utl__jhas never produced a powdered form of anthrax. I jbelieves that it would not be difficult to produce powdered B.a. One would simply culture it and dry it usin~ a lyophilizer, and then'mill it until it turns into a powder. I _ lhas traced the genealogy of the Ames strain thatc::Jhas lback to BRUCE IVINS. Investigationon File # by 12/12/2003 at ~~~~~~~\~~~~~.==7\~~~~q~...-.-----...-.------------..:.;..:..!.._ _ _ _ _ _ __ Frederick, Maryland 2 79A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 1Date dicb!ted SAl I SAl N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. - USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012484Amhra>< Page 864 of 1446 944% K) . S@ctw0n12 df 012485Anthrax Page 865 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o oo 12/12/2003 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~===================-----------?~ 2 During of t?en in the "hota..,,rr-,-s~u--~-.-t~e~s~~-n---.;Bo:-u-~ ~-n-g-r---.-----==r-n_r_e_c_e_n_t:--y_e_a_r_s-,-r-..L.,;,;.,;;..;;; ................ has not been in the "hot" s~s very mr-u:.:.c:.::;h:;.;:;..:..._..:.T.;;:;;:h:.::e;.....;:;;B'-i.a. used in laboratory is stored in the~suite. I lhas never used plastic sterilite containers ~n USAMRIID. The research conducted by I ~as recorded in notebooks which are either stored in I lor USAMRIID's library. ~~------~~!believes that it would be very easy for anybody with access to the "hot" suites to obtain samples of anthrax or other kinds of agents. Anyone with the intent to steal it would only need to put a few spores under the fingernails, on the earlobe, or any other part of the body. Even if USAMRIID conducted security checks on people leaving the building, the spores would never be detected. As long as there are no open wounds in the area of the body that the spores are stored, the perpetrator would not be adversely affected . scientists through the years. ...._-:----:--~-----~. . . . numerous Records of at more an ~nterest ~------------------------~~ e agreement was never ~------_.....lis currently Another foreign visiting scienti~t W~o did n9t require an escort was Q a s t name unknown: LNU) . l _ _do:s not believe that LNU was in the hot suites. ldoes not recall any ot er scientist who showed a special interest ~n the Ames strain. I lhas never noticed anybody in the labo;Latory o~ "hot" suites that didn't belong or that might have arousedl___jsuspicions. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012486Anthrax Page 866 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~ o , Page _;...;;........;..__ b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~==================~-----------?~ 12/12/2003 has n~ver been a member of thel 3 L----~--:-~~r--~- or has Dever spent time with people who were part of the~l--~ once about whether lat USAM~R~I~IMD~.~r~~~----~~a~s~o~~~~~n~o~t~~a~v~e~a~n~y~~n~o~w?ledge of?a pulmonary anthrax sample taken from ak ~atient that is purported to have been received by USAM liD ~n the early 1990's. I Ihas never spoken withl I about 0 - expertise or knowledge of anthrax. ~-~-~~--r---~~~~~~-----_.d~o~e~s~n~o~t~~~~~thing I .------.,~---:-----:--~1 does not remember I lor a ~---~~project in the late 1990's. ~--------~,--------~--~ Other than a trFiop~i~n~l-----,~----~--~~~---~ L:-----r-"1':-----::~----:-~11 lhas never stayed in New Jersey. 0has? driven through the state to get to New York, but has never stopped? in New Jersey. ? During the week after September 11, 2001, I !remembers being in the Frederick, Maryland area. In October 2001, I I was in \ I I - ? ? ~--------------~ lwas asked whetherc=J woulq aqree to tFke a polygraph ._r_e_g_a_r~d~i-n_g__ t~he anthrax investigation. 1 fdid not agree to take it, stating thatc=Jdid not believe it was necessary. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012487Anthrax Page 867 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o b7C Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 08/12/2003 Washington Field IIC~~--------------~~ SSAI~------------~1 SAl~--------------~~ From: Washington Field AMX3 Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: ~-----------r--~~ '' m Dr? Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936~POI (Pe~ding)-q~\ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDv. ~~5 Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: Report results of elimination investigation to date regarding! I date of birth I I social security account number I I Details: I lbegan employment with the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) in I I I I I I I I lwas investigated in captioned investigation based uponl ~k with virulent Bacillus anthracis (Ba) in spore form an~ !access to the Ames strain of Ba. I I I work focused on I ~~~~--~lhas not traveled to New Jersey and does not have any family or friends in the Princeton or Trenton, New Jersey area. I I who resides in New Jersey. USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012488Anthrax Page 868 of 1446 To: ? Washington From: Washington Re: 279A-WF-222936-POI, 08/12/2003 F~d Fiel~ Reviews ofl financial records from 1999 thru 2001 revealed no connections to New Jersey. A time line ofl !activities for the likely tim~ periods of the mailing of the anthrax letters from Princeton, New Jersey was compiled using USAMRIID security key card access records, home telephone toll records, credit card use, and personal bank account records (via cleared checks provided) and Fort Detrick motor-pool vehicle records. The time-line focused on any applicable six hour period for which would be unaccounted, with the premise that it takes approx1mately six hours to drive round trip from Frederick, Maryland to Princeton, New Jersey. I I Time-line First Mailing (5:00p.m., 9/17/2001 through 8:00p.m., 9/18/2001) A review ofl lusAMRIID key card access activity displays thirty (30) recorded accesses to building! lon 9/17/2001; the first entry "IN" at I I and the final exit "OUT" at I I account ofl land was negotiated at ~~----~bank, The check was endorsed on the reverse by signature and processed on 9/17/2001 at 4:48p.m. for...._--... _____.per the time/date stamp below the endorsement. ~------------~---------------------T~--~ A personal check from a b6 There is a fifteen-hour and twenty-minute period from 4:48 p.m-2L11/2001 until enters via "IN" access to buildingc===Jat USAMRIID at on 9/18/2001. No records were reviewed which can demonstrate hereabouts for the fifteen-hour twenty-minute period. ~------~lstated in an interview that t o t recollection, lwas home all night I USAMRIID The vehicle was returned to Fort Detr1ck motor-pool at 3:42p.m. on 9/18/2001. b7C 2 USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012489Anthrax Page 869 of 1446 'fo: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-POI, 08/12/2003 F~d Fiel~ a 1ong distance hone call on at 6:16 .m. at ~--------1 ree m1nu es. r~e-s~i~d~e-n-c~e I made Time-Line Second Mailing (3:00 p.m., 10/6/2001 through 11:00 a.m., 10/9/2001) made a long distance phone from residence on 10/6/2001 at 9:50a.m. to! I I which lasted two~m~i~n-u~t-e-s--.--------------------------~ ~~-~--~~?Ti-n~l--~~~~~-~~~~!at I I D lwrote and negotiated a personal check at the 2:20p.m. as per the endorsement stamp on the revers~ si~e of the check . ~ne~idence on 10/6/2001 at 2:47p.m. to ~ ~~----------~~which lasted fou~r~m~J.~n~u~t~e~s~.----------------~ .___ _.,.......I made a long distance phone call from D I ?An electronic attendance record f~r~om~~t~h~e~l==============~l at.,..l-----------...---__.1 in! I provided byl lreports~t~h~a-t~~1::::::~1ra~t~t~e-n-d~e-d~~ ~--___.I that week. There is approximately a fourty-four-hour and nineteenminute time period from approximately 10:00 a.m on 10/7/2001 to 10/9/2001 at 7:19 a.m ? hich no records were reviewed which can d~on~~~~---~~~~~llU~--~~~~~~-~ interviews ~----~~--~~stated that as far as they could recall,~~~~ was at home during this time period (10/8/2001 being a b6 A review ofl lusAMRII~ t h a t D entered 11 IN 11 building! ?atT finally exited 11 0UT 11 at ~..I----~! key car4 access showed ... _on 10/9/2001 and 3 USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012490Anthrax Page 870 of 1446 o I o 'J'O: Washington Re: bE 279A-WF-222936-POI, 08/12/2003 F~d From: Washington Fiel~ I lwas given a polygraph examination onl which targeted any knowledge of or involvement in the a~n~t~n~r~a~x~--~ mailings. The report of the polygraph examination states that no deception was indicated byl !during the polygraph examination. I writing o~ ~I--~----~I handwriting was reviewed and compared to the the anthrax-laced letters by handwriting experts on J Results of the comparisons were negative. I has been interviewed serreral times and has cooperated fu] Jy with this j nyestj gatj on ! ljJs aware of .... _and has been very ~..::h-e~l:-p--=-fu--=-1--:oi-n--:i~d:-e-n~t-J.~"'"?fo.: -y-J.-:-.n-g---:-j-o-:-i-n~t'"':'l_y u;s=:e=:d~=l:a:b::o:r:-a;:;.;."'!'"..:.t:o:r=~-=s~a;;.;:c;;.;;e;;.....;:a:::.::n~d=-----------. __ e ui ment as well as co-workers I I I _ __. 4 USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012491Anthrax Page 871 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted 33- b2, 34 ~ b2, 35- b2. 36- b2. 37 ~ b2, 38- b2, 39- b2, Page(s) - 7 b7F b7F b7F b7F b7F b7F b7F USAMRIID Section 12.pdf 012492Anthrax Page 872 of 1446 ... ' FD-302"(Rev. 10-6-95) -1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU .OF INVESTIGATION 12/29/2003 b6 r'---.-~~-~~--:"':;-:""'........~-B-~";,.7.>.~-.-,.?"''- -----:? --- " ..-.... - ... " "?'"'""""""_"' _ _ ..........,"'':"'"l"'"'4;?.J.,.a.-.9..,?L_Q:t.'"E~JJlPJ.9Ym?.Bj;:_,__Jm!~.];p ~Jl-\~E~_J1~M_x _M_ED_I~~~~E'SEARCH?~__ ..LTlJ.T.~~""QCr.~_lfJ:~c;:rxoJL9~:l2J~~U~d~.9.~g.,_-:;<g,?~ISJJI~:Y.,,{;r.r.~'?E'~~~,h~~, - ?norie'-"'rt,}-" born a dress ;_e_r was ~nterviewed at Frederick, Maryland, Rhone number 301-619-2445. After being ad.v:Lsed of tne:tCl,nffi'"'v"~f 'the 'irit. -r'V'Tewtng=agents and the nature of the interview, provided th following information: .I lis currently employed at USAMRIID as r-----------~~does not have the training or access to enter any Most of the timel lis able to .Qerform routine lhas not had any unysuaJ Tequest for maintenance to any equipment thatr--lcan r e c a l l . d i d not notice any suspicious activity-By any particular individuals and never saw any Investigation on File # I b6 12/10/2003 at --,?~~,~~----~----~---,~\~~~~i~--------------------- Frederick, Maryland 2 7..9A-BA-C1013 92 I I 2 79A-WF-222936- USAMRIID SAl Date dictated by SAl I This document contains neifuer recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012493Anthrax Page 873 of 1446 FD-302:t(Rev. 10-6-95) o I o b7C ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 12/10/2003 2 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------------------~----------------- ,Page---- unauthorizeh:=lsual activity surrounding any laboratory equipment. id not recall any instances of seeing unauthorize or unusual personnel in any area of USAMRIID. ldid recall individuals who violated USAMRI~D? security protocol by improper use of their access badges or "piggy backing" "into labo:atqrv areas of TTS.RIID. I I stated that. it was a common pract1cel Jhad allow~ple access laboratory areas of USAMRIID without using their badge. stated thatQ always knew the individuals! lallowe or observed "p1gsy backing" into laboratory areas. I !recalled .........~oo~.~..~__,_,.,.J.e time l Iallowed an individua " ? " ? nto a area of USAMRIID. allowed b6 Io I ~~~~~---r~~~~------~w~a~s~~1~scipline~--~--~--~~ not allowed anyone e se to "piggy back 11 , since. observed any unauthorized access to any hot suiEe o ~ . fre tly works at USAMRIID during late ev~nina ~ours. rem rs IVINS was in SuiteD of Buildin~ Lsomet~me a ter Septembe'r 11, 2001, working with an envelope thatl )heard was used in the anthrax mailings. IVINS was accompanied by a group of individuals with whoml lis unfamiliar. X.!~ is the only person that I I lhas occasionally wo~ked J7te while at USAMRIID. ~o J could identify~ \ ldoes. not associate. with any scientists at USAMRIID and has no knowledge of any activities surrounding any laboratory areas. I !does not know what select agents are used at USAMRIID or where they are stored. ~~~~lhas no knowledge of any research of Bacillus anthracis being conducted at USAMRIID and do~now where any stocks of any strain of anthrax are stored. has never worked with and has never had any contact wit t e letters containing anthrax which were mailed to the NEW YORK POST, TOM BROKAW and UNITED STATES SENATORS TOM DASCHLE and PATRICK LEAHY, and does not know anyone who has. American~v~1~e~w~s~9~r I ~oes not know anyone who has express~d antihostile attitudes toward any individual or organization. L~ ~oes not know of anyone who expressed interest in gain1ng access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents without a specific need or responsibility to do so. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012494Anthrax Page 874 of 1446 FD-302ct(Rev. 10-6-95) o I ~n o b7C , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 ContinuationofFD-302 of JL-------------1------- ,On 12/10/2 0 03 .........:==--- 3 being involved lhas no knowledge of anyone who would be capable of the anthrax attacks. I lwas working at USAMRIID during the time of both anthrax mailings in September and October of 2001 and did not visit New Jersey during that time-frame. lhas not used pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the anthrax mailings and has no knowledge of anyone who does. purposes at USAMRIID I ~--~bas not used plastic sterilite boxes for storage ~ny us~ful.information regarding! ~nvest~gat~on. .___ _.....ldid not know.,_l_ _ __,.._ _ _ ____.land does not have !relevant to this USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012495Anthrax Page 875 of 1446 o " FD-30~ (Rev. 10?6?95) o -1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C ~??YljJ~~~~~r===========:JJw~aas~1nterviewed date of birth: Special Agents atr--1 place of employment at t U.S. Army Medi~c~a~~e~s~e~a~r==c~~n~s~1~ut~ Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft Detrick, Maryland, (301) 619-4887. After being advised of the. identities of the interviewing Agents and the natu of the interview, I !voluntarily provided the following information: ldeqree 1n1 I andl I I I recei V!=d 11 I in Iof I I USAMRI ID onl l I bas inbreased since that time but I onductsl I Bacillus anthracis (B.a.J, t:u.Larem1a, and. the plague. 1 r!=tudies with B. a. ~rovided ~~~llv: annrJximately 30 different strqins. I t:ne.cifferent SAs with a computer printout lis~ing str (the l1st has been sent to the correspond1ng 1A f1le) . t:tegree I? 1 lat the J career a t ~esponsibilit1es at USAMR IID Jduties have not changed. 1negar:t h:=J ~------~~----~~eceives all ofc==J B.a. from BRUCE IVINS and/or . Alll IB.a. are stored in e orf screwcap ~~----~~a~r-e-f~r~1gerator located in Laboratory Room of Building r---~~~~~dalways archives a sample of thf atioina B.a. in case o go back to it forc:Jstudies. _ luses live B.a. or aerosol challen es in monke s. Afterw r e monkeys y ex ra . a o s e t rom t e studies are destroyed using an autoclave. grows'B.a. land to do plate dilu 1ons to get spore counts. If an animal dies during a st~dy, a necropsy is conducted and the B.a. is re-isolated from the deceased animal to check for any changes from the original strain. Parts of the animals used for re-isolation are lungs, spleen, and the mediastinal lymph node: The tissue samples are stored in a refrigerator under a bench in laboratory refr1gerators. uses Mueller-Hinton plates or Blood Agar p l a t e g o w .a. uses multiple colony techniques to culture B.a. does noE use New Sporulation Media (NSM) or Modified G media. believes that IVINS uses a m?dified growth media to Investigation on I roomc===J Eve~bod~ ~h~ has access to the suite has access to the b6 - File# by ____, ___________________~~----------------------------------------------This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012496Anthrax Page 876 of 1446 I I ~{,..~ 5~ Back Of Page . . ' b7C ' j ' 'I ~ \ ~ USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012497Anthrax Page 877 of 1446 FD-302~(Rev. 10-6-95) o o 12/24/2003 ,Page _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~====================~---------------------'On 2 'obtain a higher yield of spores. This modified growth media is nutrient deficient, causing vegatative cells to produce spores sooner. I !thinks that this modified growth media may possibly be Modified G. lstorR" ~~J Qfr---lB.a. and other biological agents l1nl~only uses the walk-in cooler in I lhas a larqe amount of plates to be stored, which does not ha:ren often. I !knows thatl !frequently uses the I cooler for storage. Technic1ans 1n I I group alsoave access to the cooler. id recal\ a technician part of roup with h R oes not recall the I lhas never noticed anybody in belong. inl b7F is thel for all the suites i~ Building People with access to one suite will have access to other suites within the building. Som~ laboratory equipment, such as a centrifuge, are limited and kept in one room, so people must have access to all the suites to gain access to certain equipment. On occasion, the freezers will malfunction and everything inside will be moved to another freezer'. When this happens. neoJle find it difficult to locate their equipment. However,! _does not recall any incidences when equipment or a biological agent could not be found. I lis very strict about not allowing prlctice of "pigg[-bjcklng" others into BSL suites to occur. I f i s . t, will tell people to badge themselves in. However, is not always in the laboratory and cannot say that "piggyng" never occurs. . I I I b7C fhe in USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012498Anthrax Page 878 of 1446 o FD-302~(Rev. 10-6-95) o I of o 3 ,Page _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofF.J?-302 of ----~================~-------------?~ 12/24/2003 USAMRIID prior to workt=J fori has~b-e-e~n~~1-n~~------~~~l~a~boratory fo~ approximately thel years~.----~ D . Notebooks for th~ research conducted byl Iandi I technicians are kept inside the hot sui~es an~ faxed to the cold side. Much of the information and dataL Jhas are kept inl computer. ~-~ Bacter:al contaminations in Building! !have occurred twice tol Jknowlepge 4 few months ago, ~e .surveys of the door handles in the[ }floor of BuildingL___Jwere found to be contaminated with B.a., although the strain was not identified. The cause of the contamination was traced back to poor decontamination procedures by some employees who work on aerosol challenges. This issue was resolved this past November. The other contamination issue was discovered 6 to 9 months ago when a I laboratory technician had a ~r~o~u~t~1~n~e~~t~e~s~t~c~o~n~d~u~c~t~e~d~b~y~lr-------~lcome up positive for contamination. What was first thought to be?the result of poor laboratory practices by the technician later turned out to be a contaminated container that caused the cross-contamination. It is believed that this contamination occurred about 1 year ago. The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for decontamination calls for the use of bleach. Everything in the laboratory is wiped down with bleach, which can cause damage over time because of the corrosiveness of the substance. Items such as plates, flasks, and other smaller equipment are autoclaved after it is cleaned with bleach. People who work in the animal rooms wear? hoods, tyvec suits, and 2 pairs of gloves. The protective gear is removed upon exiting the animal rooms and all ~mployees step onto a small puddle of bleach to decontaminate their shoes. Animals who die in the laboratory are placed in a bag, sprayed with bleach, brought into the cold side, autoclaved, and then disposed. ~does not have access to the Virology suites in Building c:::J USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012499Anthrax Page 879 of 1446 o FD-302~ (Rev. I 0-6-95) o I o ,Page _ __ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~====================::____________________ ,On12/24/2003 4 med1a ot th~ powder and inoculated ~t into a fla:k to gro; in b;oth I l _then cultured the B.a. 1n a plate toLL~--~~~~r-----~?--~? As with all the ~the~ age~t~workr with, kept a small sample of the origina an~materials and stored it in RoomD of Building . loo~ ~------------------------------~ lwas present when~~----------------------------~ materiat and observed that it consisted of 2 colony phenotypes. I ~ _noticed that this was very similar to the B.a. that IVINS rece1ved from Dugway Proving Ground. T~is :~? was eventuall used in aerosol dhallenge studies byl l l ~~ ltold not divulge that information to others in u RIID becaus~e~~1rt~~~ with FBI evidence. I luses small to medium sized plastic sterilite contajn,rs, but does not use any large ones. r=-lbelieves that I _might use the bigger sized containers~ lhas never purchased pre-stamped or pre-franked envelopes, nor are there any stocked in the office. T111ri nl"1' co or 11 ?001 I I I During Columbus Da~ weekend in October 2001,~o----~lcould not recall exactly wherel _ ~as not working at USbMRIID.I !probably at I I ~----------------------~ I but[ lsta~r-t_e_d~a~t USAMRIID approximately the s~a-m-e~t-1~?m-e~,~~-------~~was lea"~d na ldoes not recall ever meetingl L It is possible that the two crossed paths at USAMRIID, ldoes not remember it, if it ever happened. b7C USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012500Anthrax Page 880 of 1446 .., .. ') r ' FD-302jl(Rev. 10-6-95) o ~~----------------------._ o ____________ ,On 12/24/2003 , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 5 __......;=;;;;..__- Continuation ofFD-302 of There is an annual conference for Antibiotics Resistance held in February in Princeton, New Jersey whichl !attended in I at a H~lton Hotel. I one _ those ::rs. the :oJference was held I During ___ _ _attended this conference inl I oes not w of any o y else from USAMRIID who has been to this conference. :f b6 ~----~~believes that the anthrax used in,the 2001 mailings could not have been produced at USAMRIID. I lsaw the fine powder from the Daschle letter whenl I I and believes that when tL,h_e p_o_w---=d_e_r__ __ w_a_s~p-r_o_d~u-c_e_d-:--,--:-i-t___. created a large amount of contamination that would be impossible to clean up properly. If it had been produced at USAMRIID, the contamination would have been detected. I lalso theorized that the woman who died of inhalation anthrax in New Jersey could have been the actual mailer. She was most likely approached to mail the letters without her knowing what was in them. This may explain how she was exposed to anthrax even though a connection could not be found between her and the anthrax-laced letters. was asked whether he would. agree to take a polygraph adm~n~stered by he FB1 on questions related to the anthrax mailings of 2001. ~-----~Jvoluntarily agreed to take the polygraph. I I f USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012501Anthrax Page 881 of 1446 ...... 1 ... FD-302 (Rev. I0-6-95) o I ! - 1- o Date of transcriptim FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION date of birth home address~~--------~~~~~ home telephone number place of employment the Un1te Medical Research InstituFe of .Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of trhe identity of the interviewing agents and the nature of the interfriew,c==Jprovided the following information: lwas!a United States Army laboratory technician who first reported to USAM:IID inl !worked in the Clinical Laboratory id theL~ luntil During this timer I ~~~s ass1gned to assist on m ent studies that needed plinical research support.~~~~~~~~~ with both human and \animal samples and was the I ?1 I ~~~~~~~ Inl I I Af~er co~leting this course I returned to USAMRIID wherel assiqned to the~I~-L~~,_~~ L...-_ _ ___.1 I lworked in the I perform i nrr t- 4 q que cultures and tox._,1,...C_1,..t:-:v~-a-s_s_a~vs-.~--F=-r-o-m--=1-:9::-:8::-6=--~~ 1990r I lbecame th~ J 1 na1 ure ana Keot 1 lOUt oi the labs. ~ IL-1"'"""'1""---.::--r--------,J As I I ._I 1992 1 1 lwas? the I continuea w1tnt J ;Jmffioa-:::lom n~~C<=Ji:I:t~rPo:S ~tu;>c?noonnlis3:1D.b6":1r.IT l .1tt11~e~si:.:-:=JB~e~t~w~e~e~n~19 9 2 1 !retirement in .-------__..l=s=er;;;;..v.;..,-ed as thel I ~ In 1.--......- - - - - - - - - - - -.... ID"'"'Ie-c'""'a.,.,m=e-=a~ :aCt .:>mn OVPP <=lf"'_ IS 1n e ULL1Ce OLI~~~~~~~~~~___.I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~._~F~'?r~~mw-~~q,q~~,~?n~?t-~,r~JI ~~~~~--------~.....--~----~~-~~~~r-~lw~o~r~k~s~w~i~t~h~c~e~l.=-l~c~u~ltu=r~e~s~o~n~t~h~e~1 coLd I side and t laborator~es and assists! lcurrentlyrh~a~s_aa~?~r~~~q?~t~:o~l-----~--------~1 I? an anthrax s 1nvo1vea w1 tnl~:-=-::-=-~:-r-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-,...JI aerobiolo Investigation on 1/9/04 b7C 1/9/04 by . This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not _to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012502Anthrax Page 882 of 1446 ... o FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o . I o , Page _....:2=--- 279A-WF-222936-POI 279A-WF-C101392 ? Continuatim ofFD-302 of __JL____________ J - - - - - - - - , On 1/9/04 ~-------~------~~~--~-~-~was not involved with I the preparation or growth of any of the material l1seq in t~e study and was not involved with infecting the animals. ]does not know where the arthrax used in the study came from but advised that might know. . lordered a glove box fo~ and prov~ded cop~es of information on thenroduct nurchased for ~--~1 The glove box was purchased through_ land the purchase had to be approved by vario~s entities inside of USAMRIID. The glove box carries product numbert and a quote for the box was listed asl I I I kas shown an envelo~~~e~c~~~n~:~j~stent.with the ones used in the anthrax mailings in 2001. j ~ __ adv~sedl lhas never seen or used an envelope likel s own. I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012503Anthrax Page 883 of 1446 (Rev. 08-28-2000) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: IIC Date: SSA. SSA I SA 01/06/2003 Washington Field ~-----------.-----.....J AMX 1 I I AMX 2 IAMX 2 From: Washington Field AMX 3 Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: ,279A-WF-2229361 1? (Pending) - ~\o'?:> J279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID (Pending)~~~ Title: AMERITHRAX MAJOR CASE 184 of elimination investigation regarding ~~~~~--~~~~~~~ ~----~~~----------~~~~N~o~e~v~idence has been discovered to date which suggests tha may have been involved in the anthrax-laced letter mai 1ngs. Unless ~uch eyj~ence is identified, no further investigation off [is intended in this case. Details: has been investigated in the captioned 1nvest1gat1on access to the Ames Strain of ?Bacillus anthracis (B.a.), and nowledge and expertise related to Ames B.a. ~n addition, former coworker', Bruce Ivins, described[ las someone obsessed with bioterrorism, who had the knowledge and character to mail the anthrax letters. I lworked at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), F~o~r~t~----~ Detrick, Marvland fromf I tol I I I WOrked as al r in -the 1 I!J1 V1S10n, After leavinq USAMRIID in I lworked at the I 1 L .Ln lbeqan work1na at thel .s I y I ~------------~~--~-----------------f~. lL-~----LIIr~e~~~!,url~IA~?~~~~~irw?h~?r--1---r l?andi.___ _ _ _ _--.....JI inl~..---__________.1 empJ.ovea. as a1 USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012504Anthrax Page 884 of 1446 ..... To: Re: Washington Jltld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-POI, 01/06/2003 Fie~ 'holds a doctorate! While at USAMRIID,worked QD developipq a raccine against B.a. studied the J andl _of B.a. bv e~t-::::lhl;~nina a type culture collection of B. a?. strains. I .I L !obtained a sample of a B.a. strain froml I D b7C Review ofl lfinan~ial records from 2000 through 2002 was unremarkable. A. review off : !telephone records and financial records revealed no connect1on to New Jersey. ? !activities for the A time-line ofl . likely time periods of the two mailings of the~~~~~~ from Princeton, New Jersey was compile~d~~ and credit card records. r:~nLja~d~W?~?QDj____j~una:~~JD~anda~~ and e-mail 'records from the : ~ere collLe-c~t-e~d~(~N~o~t-e~:r-----~d~i~d~n-o~t--?m-a-i~n~t~a-1~.n~ electron1c acce~s records dating back to September and October 2001) . I JWas also interviewed and accounted for r l whereabouts dur1ng the two windows of opportunity for t~ September and October mailingj The \ime-~ine is focused upon any six-hour period for which_ Jwould be unaccounted. This time eriod is ? round trip travel time between ~~~~~~~~~~~------------~~Ldancs~uu~~?nceton, New office and .~~----------------------~ Time-line First Mailing (4:30 p.m., 09/17/2001 through 11:30 a.m., 09/18/2001): A .review ofl ~ime and attendance records revealed a fifteen-hour time period for whic~ lcannot be accounted for afterc==Jleft work at 5:00 p.m. ?on 09/17/2001 until 'c::Jreturned to work at 8:00 a.m. on 09/18/2001. There are no credit card or telephone. records whic ? ? whereabouts during this fifteen-hour time frame. time and attendance records were signed b but there is no electronic record of en ere ~ e t work. However, provided copies o wor e-mailsL_j s e n t E 2 a:m., 9? and 3:22p.m. on 09/17/2001, suggesting pre~e during his work shift from 8:00 a.m. to ? ? p.m. a so provided copies of eleven work e-mails sent on 09 that range from 1:08 p.m. to 2:53 p.m. I I I bdvised lwas not at work, company and can corroborate I t~nrjnq 2 the firoj were 1n L__J mail~n~iod whereabouts. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012505Anthrax Page 885 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Altld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-POI, 01/06/2003 Fie~ Time-line Second Mailing (4:30p.m., 10/06/2001 through 11:30 a.m., 10/09/2001): A rev~ew ofl ltime and attendance records and credit card records revealed a twent -two hour period for which !cannot be accounted. . left work.at 5:00p.m. on F'rJ.day, 10/05/2001. Travel tJ.me to froml is a roximatel thirty to forty-five minutes. On 10/65/2001, r----------l~eft after 6:48 p.m: !arrival time in b6 I I I I On Saturday, 10/06/2001, ~~~~--~lsent an e-mail from p.m. The next independent corroboration of ~~whereabouts occurred nineteen hours and ~m~J.~n~u~t~e~s~~ater on 10 07 2001 when work at ~-32 The next independent record ofl occurred at 12:50 p.m. on Monday, 10/08/2003, when Jsent another e-mail at work, leaving a span o;-.~.~..~.'..~.~.~:;.a...s:~..,hours and SO minutes. ~he last independent record whereabouts on 10/08/2001, occurred at 3:30p.m. whe sent another email at work. On Tuesday, 10/09/2001, returned to work ? at 8:00a.m., a span of sixteen hours an t minvtes from the last independent record ofl !whereabouts. _jsent an email from work on_10/09/2001 at 2:20p.m. )advised t~during the second majljnq nefiod lwas not aE work,l _ _ _ ~l:::::::::::::ran corrobor.~a~t-e-r--~w~h~e-r_e_a~b-o-u~t-s-.--------------~ lwbe~eabquts I I I to a polygraph examination; explained that in February ~~~--~ ra h examination in advance of ~~~mit USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012506Anthrax Page 886 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-POI 1 01/06/2003 Altld Fie~ I polygraph examination questioned l l . o n any involvement in criminal activit which covered the pefroarof the mailings. As a result of refusal~c::Jattended an interview in the office of Assistant United States Attorney/ on 11/20/2003. as cooperative and answered the questions posed to ur~ng the interview. In addition to the findings presented above and the fact thatl lhas cooperated with this investigation~n~o~--~ evidence has been discovered to date which suggests thatl~------~ may have been involved in the preparation or mailing of the anthrax letters. Unless such evidence is identified/ no further investigation ofl lis intended in this case . I oo 4 USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012507Amhra>< Page 887 of 1446 gl?012508Anthrax Page 888 of 1446 ~D-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .. o -1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/06/2004 date of birthl I Social Security ~N-u-mb~e-r~l------------~1~was interviewed by Special Agent (SA) I I at the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Frederick Maryland Taskforce Office. l a l r e a d y acquainted with SAt===] voluntarily provided the following information: a previous interview conducted on December 18, lstated that there had been 2 incidences of bacterial contamination in Buildingr---1 One of those incidences was discovered a few months a~en a routine survey of a door handle came up positive for Bacillus anthracis (B.a.). L !clarified that the door handle was located on the inside of the hot suite on thel }floor of Building c:::J The source of the contamination was trac~a back to carelessness by someone in thel section. It could have happened when someone forgot to change gloves after decontaminating the suite. lwas the one who cultured the swab and determined the contam1nat1on to be B.a. She did not, however, determine the B.a. strain. I lwould be the person to talk to regarding whether any of the culture or the swab still remains. 2003, I I ~---D~uring b7C b2 b7F I I There are no B.a. samples inl !laboratory that are left-overs from previous researchers. I lstated that an old inventory of registered agents listed B.a. belonging to BRUCE IVINS was located in the first floor cold room. This inventory is relatively dated, and the sample, if it were ever in the cold room, has since been removed. I I does ~know any further details regarding this inventory or sample. ~stated that IVINS would be the person to talk to for further deta1ls. During the previous interview, skedl lwas ever approached by the FBI to submit samples B.a. collection into the FBI repository. I lstated that never been approached wi~ request, nor has any boratorg technicians. did stateJ Lis w1 1ng to submit archived B.a. samp es to theE! it f quested. During the ast interview, I lwas given an instruction sheet for submittingr----1 B.a. samples to the FBI repository in the future. I !state~ that there is a major error in the instructions. The instructions call for the frozen samples to be thawed. I !believes that ? frozen B.a. samples should never be thawed completely because it Investigation on b7C 6 I 2 0 04 at _F::...:;r~e;;;d;..:e::r:.:i:.:c:.:k.:.,L.....::.:.::=..:L..=.::=f=-----,.-----------;: File# v{7 9A- WF- 2 2 2 9 3 6- USAMRI ID'; ..-----------'-,___~_. NIA 1I by ~L_ _ _ _ _ _ __I-----------------------------------------------USAMRIID Section 13.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012509Anthrax Page 889 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) "' o 279A-BA-C101392 o ,On 279A-WF~222936-USAMRIID; Continuation ofFD-302 of --------------------------L--------------- 1/6/2004 , Page --'~-'--- 2 will cause a 99% loss in viability. stated that the proper way to collect a sample would be to scrape the surface of the frozen B.a. I I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012510Anthrax Page 890 of 1446 '11! '!> FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) oo -l - o Date of transcription - FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 1 I 13 I 2 0 0 4 b7C ~n-u-rnb~-e-r~--------------~-w--a-s~1-n~t-e_r_v_1~e-w_e_d~a~t~--~-r-e-s~1-d~ence. telephone After being advised of the ideftitr of the interv1ewing agent and the nature of the interview, provided the following information: lhas been working for Prior to being employed by States Arm Medical Institute of 2001. I since February at the United USAMRIID) at USAMRIID from approximately employ~ the . Froml___j until worked at again at USAMRIID. While employed at USAMRIID,b !supported the Bacillus Anthracis (Ba) program and worked onlague vaccines. I lis a I I by trade and training however, I lw~s well versed and d1d ass1st with bacteria studies to include conducting assays (testing) Date dictated by 0 1 I 13 I 2 0 0 4 SA This document cont.1.ins neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012511Anthrax Page 891 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . " oo I I ~never o 2 Page---- 279A-WF-222936-LEAD; 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~======================~-------'On 01/12/2004 of a group that worked on Ba. worked with Q e n t s on Vaccine strains. r-----lalso remembers a man named Last Name Unknown (LNU) w~on Anthrax and being highly regar ~d in the ~iel~. I lwas the manufacturer of the Anthrax vaccJ.natJ.on. witnesse~rocess being accomplished. I was involved in the drying of Ba and never !advised that althoughc::Jnever used a lyophilizer its use would have been common. The strains were fully characterized and their origin should be documented somewhere at USAMRI ID. lwas unable to recall specifically where the documentation paP.erwork regarding the orig'ns of the strains of bacteria were kept. I !worked with BRUCE VINS and the Ames strain of Ba~ but does not believe the strain riginated with IVINS. poes not knowl ~ I I I lis not aware of anyone with the expertise\in weaponization techniques, and could not come up with a name for the FBI to contact concerning the weaponization of Anthrax. ~--~~lwas not aware of any bacteria contamination concerns in the virology suites. ~ by virtue ofc::J status and vaccination~d access to every room at USAMRIID, but only worked out ofl__j labs, on ther I floor of facility! l<rooms within the hot zone, denotecr WJ.th lhe markings! Iandi I enclosed in boxes), on the blueprint. I Ialso had an office in building I I I lcould not recall the cooler~cifically within the hot zone of building I I but advised thatL__J laboratory staff and others working there would definitely use and have access to the cooler in the course of their work. lnever allowed anyone to "piggy-back" in and out of the hot ar~e-a_s o~f building! __ I To the best ofl !knowledge the measures and vaccinatJ.ons required to be in the hot zones made access fairly restricted. Unvaccinated visitors would have to wear "Rakal 11 , (phonetic) suits with a dedicated air supply to gain access to the hot zones. This access would always be escorted. ~ing~but that the key was to gain access to building L___j Once you have access, removing a Select agent would be I b2 b7F ~believes that Select Agents could be removed from Only a small sample would be needed to be removed relatively easy. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012512Anthrax Page 892 of 1446 ~ 0 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) oo I o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 01/12/2004 3 ,On ,Page _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936-LEAD; Continuation ofFD-302 of --4-------------------------~---------- as it could be grown on the outside very easily. The sample would need to be protected while the person went through the showering procedures, but I l~d that it would not be terribly difficult to acn1eve. L_____Jis not aware of anyone who attempted to or talked about remov1ng a Select agent out of the hot zone. lnever heard any one make the statement that they might make a Select agent for use in an improper fashion. I lis not aware of anyone expressing hostile intentions or attitudes toward any political organization, the media, or anyone else. or anywhe mailings. was involved. B I oes not suspect anyone thatr---lknows at USAMRIID for being responsible for t~thrax letter would be very surprised if someone from USAMRIID I lnever worked with anyone that was lax in handling dangerous items or was inappropriately interested in agents that could b~ned into harmful agents. _ ldoes not know of anyone nor hasl__jheard any rumors regarding anyone interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without specific need or authority. !does not know how to go about prepjr~~l dr~ed Ba and sending it through the mail, but ifr--l had to could accomplish it by consulting the mailing~erature. does not know of anyone who expressed a special interest in be1ng able to get around forensic techniques. \ !does not ~r:~ Personal or professional association with, nor does know of anyone with an asso~n with Trenton, New J~ n eptember and October 2001, L____Jwas already working forl____jand did not travel to New Jersey. !recalls that specific decontamination procedures of class II and Class III biosafety cabinet~ work area existed, butr---lcould not recall them verbatim. l_____PJelieved that they invbTvea a combination of bleaching and r1ns1ng. Paraformaldehyde has been used~h the virology and bacteriology areas of USAMRIID, but L____jdoes not recall the use of glutaraldehyde as a fumigation agent at USAMRIID. Since Paraformaldehyde is used for decoltarnjn,tion of both the virology suites and bacteriology s u i t e s , h a s smelled it in both places. j I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012513Anthrax Page 893 of 1446 t.- ' ~ FD?302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo I Icould o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 01/12/2004 ,Page _ __ 279A-WF-222936-LEAD; Continuation ofFD-302 of ~========================~---------'On 4 I I has u~stic not recall specificaQl but r-J j s s1~re that storage containers in abs\L jdoes ~know whh:Sctures these containers or rom where they were purchased. s not recall a time when any storage boxes were missing. advised that it was common for other lab workers to come 1nto a lab and take unused equipment. ldoes not know of any unrecorqed or unofficial work being done with Ba or its simulants. All of I I laboratory work fell under the auspices of GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) com liance and as such was meticulously documented and archived. could not recall which room was used for archiving the lab lhas never purchased or used pre-stamped envelopes from any store or vending machine. B mailings, the Anthr sel lleft USAMRIID prior to the Anthrax letter never handled nor did any of the analytical work on ters and envelopes. I ~~~ I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012514Anthrax Page 894 of 1446 FD'::302a (Re;, 10?6-95) oo \ o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 01/12/2004 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-LEAD; Continuation ofFD?302 of -==========================L_______ ,On 5 I r---~--~~--~lis familiar withl land is aware of who ts, but never had any diSCus SIVilS With I I reqarding these ~eople. rever heard anyone, to include~'-~--~L~ discuss killing people or Senators or media personnel. lnever heard anyone complaining about political views or other ~ssues. I I r----l~s unaware of any New Jersey~lnceton. connection~~------~lmay have to To the best ofr--l reco~ion, lnever hosted a foreign visiting scienti~uringL___Jtenure at USAMRIID. r----ldoes not know anything about milling or weaponizing not aware of anyone that the Federal Bureau of ~stigation (FBI) would be interested in o k i n to based upon L__jexperiences at USAMRIID. At this time, is not aware of any other information that could be of assis ance to the FBI's Anthrax investigation. Anthrax. I L:::JIS ~was unable to provide further details, but is willing t~-contacted at any time. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012515Anthrax Page 895 of 1446 .. FD?302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o o -IDate of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 12/12/2003 date of birth U S ARMY MEDICA~ ~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~U~S~AM~~R~I~I~D), Ft. Detrick, MD, tele hone , was interviewed at lace of empl mrrnent USAMRIID, by Spec? al Agents and I l After being advi d of the ~dent~ty of the ~----~ interviewing Agents and the purpose of the interview, provided the following information: ~---------------~ Ph.D. I r------~----------~-----~-----~d the Bacillus anthracis ~(B~a~~------------------------------~----------~ to was hired by USAMRIID inl was previously working with gufnea pigs beforecleft employment at USAMRIID. I Iwas no longe em~l mred hv I IID when I lbegan I employment at USAMRIID. L _providedL.,. Iwith the ....________. ha ckgrmmd inf at ion and paperwork ertain~ng to the Ba 1..--------, I L BRUCE VINS provided with most of the protocols needed for the B The Ba collection used by lwas also p sed on to thel I As tar ~jl )kn s?there ~s no o her Ba Ames strain in l c o l l e c t i o n , exceptl L I lknew that the sample~--~ labeled I' was Ba Ares strain only because FBI agents toldl it was the Ames strain. _ lknows very little aboutl ~~--~ knows that! I has the Ames strain. 1 I ~s stored either in BRUCE IVINS' Rooml lor in the cola room in the ~allway of suitel I .__o_n~th:-e~B . I I I lpicked the 10 hottest strains froml !guinea pig studies and w~ll use these strains to challenge rabb~ts. I lwrote an addition to the already approved protocol?to use to challenge the rabbits. The rabbits are vaccinated atl I I I USAMRIID receives the rabbits at 9 weeks post vacc~nat~on. '!'he rabbits are challenged at 10 weeks post vaccination. produces Down spores for the rabbit challenges froml spof: nrens The spores are stored in 1% phenol at 4 degre~e-s~C~e~1~s-~~us. :ltakes a loop from the spore prep, streaks a plate for isolat~on, p~cks a single colony to produce spores I b7c I I I Investigation on 12 I 12 I 03 at ...;F:::..:::O.:::r...:::t:.....::::D:..:::e::.!t::.::r~~::;?c~k:.:::.r.r __:..:M=:D;.______;;_____________ Date dictated File# bv 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID sA! -'1?'0 sAl This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012516Amhra>< Page 896 of 1446 em; 1 I - 13 012517Anthrax Page 897 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ----~--------------------_. o ______________________________ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 12/12/03 2 ___:==--- Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page using Leighton and Doi medium, spins it down into a pellet, and finally resuspends the spores. The concentration is approximately 3 x 10~9 CFU/volume. He then uses these spores for the rabbit challenges. I lrecommended that the Agents obtain a copy of the 15-6 Commander's 1nquiry Report which summarized the results of the Ba contamination issue. ~------~believes lwor]ss t1J I bn a Ba I unusual thatL color. have been given IBa from Iraq. Jmay Ba has an orange wj The The following is a list of the documents! brovided to the Agents that will be submitted to the 1A section of the file: 1) Protocol for Ba Vaccine Resistance Study 2) Strain list of Ba for Vaccine Resistance Study 3) Agenda for International Biomedical Conference in 2003, titled "Crossing Bound~ries" 4) PowerPoint slides showing results of Ba vaccine resistance study USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012518Anthrax Page 898 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 01/28/2004 b6 I is currF>n t-1 v F>mpl oye~d~b~)V.:&:..-t.~.;.;hu.led:iil.-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---lwl las al I ~---~rl~---~Ulc-a_s D<_e_e_n_~-e~t-a-1-l~ed toLt~h~e~~----------~f~ __ I I I lhas never worked with Bacillus anthracis (Ba), but worked extensively with the L-------------------------------------------~ Investigation on 1-22-2004 Date dictated Filo # by 0~~~sr222936-USAMFII:r'-\b'f USPIS This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012519Anthrax Page 899 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--~============~~--------------oOn 1-22-2004 , Page _....:;2;;___ animals to Ba.l lis the one individual that would have had the expertise to have produced the Ba found in the letters. lwas not aware of any problems of contamination whileD worked at USAMRIID. worked primaritv j n the r==Jandc=l laboratories of buildi roml L _ !rnaicat~ laccess to the bu d received the varyinatjons. but does not recall being in building~ the I Jl Istated I I probably in the Roo coolef, bit did not recall any reasons exactly. I It oug t the cooler was a storage place where the animal care takers kept the fruit for the non human primate study on and possibly a storage place for media, but did not recall seeing anyone enter or leave the room. I l lnever allowed anyone to piggyback into any suite and was not aware of anyone who did so. In 1986-1987 knew of visiting scientists from the that were conducting experiments with t e A p a V1rus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) to develop vectors for vaccines. The procedures that were necessary for these scientists to enter the lab would be handled by the Safety Office. The scientists were required to either have the vaccinations or they had to use respirators in order to access the laboratories. ~--~~--~!indicated it would have been possible to remove agents from the hot suites, but it would not have been easy because some security measures were in place. One had to remove all clothes for decontamination when leaving the lab, and had to pass through the airlock which had Ultra Violet light. It could be possible to place an agent into an orifice or hold a small vial in one's hand to remove it from the lab. lwas not aware of anyone who tried to remove an agent in this manner nor anyone who would use an agent in an inappropriate way. I I l ~ the only individual could have susp?gted becausel:Jworked in the and was different, h11tr=l did not expectc::::J to have one t e mailings. According to all scientists are different, but it just made sense that people were looking atl I I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012520Anthrax Page 900 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I there. o ,Page _ __ _ 3 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID L___~---L~~~~rked with and does not know how to work with Ba; only be able to lyophilize would have the ability and expertise to or weaponize Ba. c==J traveled drive bac lhas no family or friends in New Jersey,nor has on 9/11/2001 and was forced to Standard Operating Procedures for decontamination were in place and consisted of sealing off an area and fumigating it with paraformaldehyde. Paraformaldehyde was also used in the virology labs when any equipment was in need of repair or replacing. The Safety Office handled this and paraformaldehyde was used in the air locks for the decontamination. ~ saw any o lnever used any plastic storage containers nor them in the laborato~ies. ~lways recordedc::Jwork in green hard bound laborrtory~n-o~t-e~b-0-o~k~s which are possibly stored in the suites now.' AfterL lleft USAMRIID, the labs began using the numbered lab notebooks. I never utilized pre stamped. envelopes nor ever purchased any envelopes from vending machines. did I I D perform any of I ldid not handle any of the Anthrax letters nGr the analytical work on the evidence. I Jwas either lwas workin~ -~~~~------~~~~~~~~~a~t~USAMRIID in approximatelyL____J as a Post Doctoral Fellow. According must go through a selection process then a USAMRIID selec ? 'ttee reviews lication and decides who to select. was selected lon ~~~--------_.!~Division. ~----~~~p~rior to the media ex~osure of I whenl I 1...::--::-~lnea~ !usually in the hallways of ana possibly in thel kn~ labs in a space su~t, possibly working withl infectes I lsaw[ IOf~~ce I I :n~? ~:~? :r USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012521Anthrax Page 901 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I ~? ngl o ..A:_ b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of bid not recall ever suites of bulldlngl I or in the room in the cold side of 1:il:in:rl I stored things in the ~ ever brought any agen s o AMRIID. co~ler, but did seej lin the hot _was believed tq bo"e.___..... id not know ifl ~------~ never tatked aboufl to bar ahont ? creating any bio w e a p o n s . d i d not socialize witfi( but namedl land possibly some of the technicians as possible sources of information. I I I I I up the indicateclC::]would be willing to take a polygraph regardlngc::Jknowledge of the mailings and the information presented in this report. b7C I I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012522Anthrax Page 902 of 1446 o"~ FlMQ~ -- (Re'}'. 10-6-95) ,_.. o On 10 - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C home ph<;me was 1nterviewed at ~~~~~~-~o~e~m~p~o~ym~~en~t~,~t~h~e~U~n~1~t~e~d~S~t~a~t~e~s~~Ar~my Medical Research for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland. After being advised of the idevtity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, l ~rovided the following information: as r;;.a...... l_....., r---,.______jlat USAMRIID .____ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___. froni tco1._____.1. in.._l--.......----r__. .~~~~M~a~r~y~r~a~n~a~1~n~l--~,lwhere worked 1n USAMRI ID.. .____ _. I c==J ~~~~--~~~w~a~s~~----~----~-r----------~~=d=iv~ision at USAMRIID fromT I through I I Duringc=J service period.Q was the ._l_____________________.l?or bacteria vaccine product development studies. has worked with Bacillus anthracis (Ba) in D career. last worked with Ba in I work at USAMRIID was all conducted in building! I that I I,Jr-- - - - - . . . . , might know something about ho~one would 's not sure. L 0 I :=====~!believes ldoes not know how to weaponize Ba. b7E Investigation on File# 10i31i03 at F ederick ~%~ Marvlanr1 I I dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID I I Date I 11/3/03 1- by SA I I v y; This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the Fr it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012523Anthrax Page 903 of 1446 FD;302~ (Re>,t. 10-6-95) o L_____________________J-_____________ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 10/31/03 . , Page ---=2=--- b6 b7C the lab andl prior to 2001. L~--~-------41 wor~ed in buil~ingllsuitesl I whj 1 ~ in landL jdid~ork in building! j ldoes not think the Ba used in the mailings was lyophilized as "the spore would get everywhere." I c==J knows of one purchased it. I !does not know of anypne to ever lyapbjljze Ba lyophilizer located inl~-----------------------------~ !believes a foreign national with help from someone in the On1ted States is responsible for mailing the anthrax-laced letters but he does not have any idea who it might be. USAMRIID. I ~~--------~~oes not know of any contamination problems at !believes anyone could shower out of the hot suites with any select agent. ldoes not know anyone to have hostile attitudes toward t e government, political organizations, or the media. I k ~...:-------~~knows of only one person to be~...!a.iii~~~o...~owlwlr.liii.!.io..~ not following proper safet procedures at work. found to be careless in handling procedures. eventually came down with becausec==Jwas gloves around D work. L..----------~ lis aware that app~ately 200 organisms of Ba were detected near the pass box inL___Jduring the examination of the anthrax-laced letters. believes BRUCE IVINS caused the contamination. . I D was cal~"'--'-I.E' lout front of building .~~~~--~~~~~~ ~1-a-c~ed letters were mai~~_.------------~~ walk. BRUCE IVINS and wanted to "show~~~e~m~s~o~m~e~~1~g~-.~~"-Woo..._..l.Wtopened a brown briefcase containing several jars with wha~stat~d :1cmulant. Each jar had different types of white parti~ and_ _ ~-was inquiring as to which simulant was most like the ac ua ev1 ence I I I I ;as USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012524Anthrax Page 904 of 1446 F~302\l (Re'f. 10-6-95) o I ?: o b7C b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of found in the letters. IVINS stated that the one that looked like "smoke in a glass" looked like the actual evidence. !believes that to prepare Ba for mailing one would have a wet preparation first and then lyophilize it, mill it down perhaps in a milling machine butc::Jis not sure? that would work for bacteria. Preventing self contamination would be difficult and one would need a glove box but the box would become highly contaminated. The particles would have to become statically neutralized in some way, howeverc=Jdoes not know how that is done. ~------~!understands that the normal decontamination procedures for surface areas in bacteriology is a 10 percent bleach solution. [:]has never known there to be a bacterial contamination problem in the virology suites . ......._----=-~1 did not knowl at USAMRIID, and had only heard aboutD after 1whenl lwas . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . I lwas responsible for hosting several foreign visiting scientists. USAMRIID provided~ list of forei~sitors either hosted directly by or approved by! jduringL__J time at USAMRIID. Attached hereto and considered part of this document is the list of names.l !reviewed the list of names with investigators and commented on each name as follows: r-----. .__-~~~was at US~IID for a aay and was accompanied by a I kromr !visited USAMRIID on._l_ _ ____.I. translator (NU) and a representative from the State Department (NU) .I !again visited USAMRIID onl ~ unknown) at all. .__~~~I does not know._l------------~------~~(nationality < visited U...,.n..?u,...... experimental USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012525Anthrax Page 905 of 1446 FD,-302~ (Rev. I 0-6-95) o o of b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~mmunogen~c~ty from~~------~lis unknown to~l------~ I I from visited USAMRIID onl las part of a work~ng group to discuss potential collaboration between! land USAMRIID. ~--~Ito d~scuss anKhrax vaccine work and theraputics. I I I ' I frorrJ ~isited USAMRIID onl ~------~ I lfroml lis unknown tol I listed as~,------------_.----~------._~lon the USAMRIID list of foreign v~sitors. c==J is I I !visited US~ID onl Ito a~scuss exper~mental projects. ~--------------~ lfroml !visited USAMRIID onl 1..-----------.1 from the I r-----~1: ~------~~ L,lr-------,.~....,d~&-e_s__ n_o-:-t---lrecall the specific reason . ~-------' I I sponsored a froml I Ifroml I Iis unknown toiL.....-_ ____.1? ;lso recalled that ;at] anal :esearch Center~N~R~C~~~e~~o~w~------------~~ ~--~ ~ ! Jcould not recall the specif~c riad authorization to be in the hot suites. andl lare the and nad access to the ~-~during their time at b7F only visit~ng sc~ent~sts t lyophilizer in roomc==Jbf USAMRIID as far as ~~------~ USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012526Anthrax Page 906 of 1446 . F.l)..~02!,l ~Re11. ' 10-6-95) o I o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101J92 Continuation ofFD-302 of -4----------------------~------------'0n 10/31/03 ..5. lwas never a member nor wasOever involved with the Aeromed1cal Isolation Team. lhad nothing to do with the mailing of the anthrax-laced IetEers and has never given any strain of Bacillus anthracis to anyone. I ~~~~~~is willing to submit to a polygraph examination on November 18, 2003 at 10:00 a.m. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012527Anthrax Page 907 of 1446 FD-302 (R\tv. 10-6-95) ;.;\ o - 1- o Date of transcription -. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 12/18/2003 curriculum histor is as follows: I witb I add1t1onal deEails froinJ lemployme~~tory 1 withl c. v., is a~s::--f=o..,.l""'l~o~w~s~:----.....1 l Investigation on I I %~ File by 279A-WF-222936~ 12/17/2003 at I 1-\C)'U-p 1 \~'&3 I N/A #"279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDV 279A-BA-C101392 SA I I SA 1 I Date dictated This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012528Anthrax Page 908 of 1446 FD-302a (R~v. 10-6-95) < o o , Page _.....:2=---b 7 c .. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,~~--------------~ 279A-WF-222936~~--------~ Continuation ofFD-302 of -1...------------J--------- ,On 12/17 /2 0 03 worked on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines were and worked with BRUCE IVINS andl Ito develop an anthrax~~~ vaccine. I ~as never worked with live Bacillus anthracis (B.a.). !performed an anthrax DNA vaccinat~on on tpe experimental animals and then returned them to IVINS and) jto be challenged with anthrax. The DNA vaccine consisted of a portion of the anthrax gene which was inserted into a plasmid. A gene gun w:s~!lsed to llast the vaccine into the skin of the animals. _ _thought that t:~?s nrfject wasc::Jonly collaboration ~W~J.r-::t~h-a~n----y~o~n~e---1-rom thel : Division. At most,llmay have had casual conversatJ.ons WJ. some other individuals ~ !regarding DNA vaccines. I I laborator . I I viral wor~ was done in Building~t USAMRIID, and bench work was done in Buildin~ al I buildins at Fort Detrick ....___ _. J.ncluded: l USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012529Anthrax Page 909 of 1446 FD-302a ~v. 10-6-95) < o o , Page _.....:;3"---b6 ?. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392, 279A-WF-222936~~----------~ Continuation ofFD-302 of L - - - - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - , On 12/17/2 0 03 Rad1at1on Satety ott1ce atter a rad101sotope s~1~~- I 1 I r---------~--~~~---!arrived at USAMRIID close to the time when I IIeftl___fPQSition there in earlyl ~ Although they ~b~o~t~h~w~o~r~k~e~d~1n the same division for approximately three to four months,~~----------~lspent most ofl linl ~ I Shortlv left ----, lat thel ~ __ _ L I land introduced to IVINS an was working on general immune stimulatory work wherein a DNA vaccine with a particular genetic sequence is used to stimulate the immune system as a whole in ordef to hoo,t it. I lhad no knowledge of how involvedbecame with the project. after~ II.SAMRT:~ I lme~r-1 DF lnever worked with~~----~~ regard1ng profess1onal issues approximatel ~called stopping byc::J cubicle, wh r with_ to discuss ~ ~-----~never saw I I I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012530Anthrax Page 910 of 1446 FD-302a (R,ev. 10-6-95) < o I o , Page recalled that there was an item on or near b7C -. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, ...._ _ _ _ _ _ _.....I279A-WF-222936~L---------~ I Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - , On 12 /17 /2 0 0 3 --=4=---_b 7 C ._d-:-a-t-e-:d~o..... had drinks with I r !outside of USAMRIID, never traveled withD and never r-----~~e-s~~t~a~t-w_a_Js somethingc==J would not expect to .see in t e of ~ce of someone at professional level. AlthoughL I could not recall what the specific item was, it was relatea~~~-oii::::J I ~ This item started a conversation regarding collaborative workc=Jhad done with people in the bio-defense community. I lseemea to have familiarit with people at higher levels in that community than would have expected.! I recalled thatl lwas~e~~-t~~-w-r~~~t~~~ng a proposal or drafting a document that was unrelated to work at c:::J USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012531Anthrax Page 911 of 1446 FD?302a mev. 10-6?95) " . o o r----------....a..----. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,~~------------~ 279A-WF-222936~~--------~ Continuation ofFD-302 of ~----~~--~h~e lwere in attendance, howeverc===Jdid not actuall meeting with these spent three weeks in re-encoun ur1ng Detrick. I I also traveled to the I con erence t at occurs 1-tearly. Although no one from USAMRIID traveled to the meeting with recalled being surprised to see someone from USAMRIID at t~-e----~ conference. I lcould not recall who this individual was. ldid not sp?nsqr any fofeign vi,it]nq scientist~ wbi le at USAMRIID. Wh1lel _was the_ I lrequ 'stance with a 8ta~t-e~D~e-p-a-r~t~ment sponsored scientist who thought may have been from South Korea. not recall the scientist's name, but remembere t at was at USAMRIID for approximately four to six weeks. c::Jwould not have had access to the hot suites, as it takes longer than six weeks to receive the vaccinations necessary for entry. !thought that this sc~entjst wjs photocopying too much information, and c a l l e d ) a b o u t the situation. r I b After the mailings, looked at the biodefense field andr---lcolleagues 1n a questioning manner. Although lwas "weircr-anct not average", there was no indication that would have committed such an act. No one strikesr---las being capable of such'a thing, particularly because those tn-trle biodefense community all know what can happen with anthrax. No one who was familiar with the bio-defense field would have done this, as the amount of anthrax in the letters could have done even more damale than jt actually did. The only motivation for the mailings that_ pould think of was money. I I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012532Anthrax Page 912 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o - 1- HEP:EIN IS UNCLASSIFIED o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 1/14/2004 I I date of birthl I I, socJ.al securJ.ty number I I was interviewe._d~-a-t1r---....._, place of employment, United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) onl I. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agent and the nature of the interview,! !provided the following information: ~--~Idees not know of any other foreign national visitors besides what has been documented by USAMRIID building security on August 4, 2003. I !recalled that the Russian group that visited ~acility had been given a tour through the hot side of building L___j but were escorted during the enti?re tour. N~itherl lnor any ofr--l associates traveled to New Jersey during September or Octobe~ 2001. r--"-'-'"1 I lis unaware of ever working with any uncharacterized strain of Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) r--____ andl _.T~h~e~stock of B.a. that was being used byl lwas returned back to BRUCE IVINS stoc~k-.------------~ I lwill be willing to participate in a polygraph regarding the anthrax mailings. Investigation on ----~---~-------- 1/13/2004 m Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated b7C This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012533Anthrax Page 913 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. I0-6-95) o o - 1Date of transcripticn FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 02/02/2004 Social was interviewed a-~--~place of employment. After e1ng adv1sed of the identity of the interviewing agents and the nature of the interview,c=Jprovided the following information: ~------~------~~e~arned~~--------~~~~~~~----~~------~~ I and then earned a Master's Degree jpl I !from the~~----------------------------------------------------~ I I I ~~~rch ~----~lbegan working at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases ~--------------------~~to L-~-:-::-r----..----------......1 and D USAMRIID. worked in injection challenges and injection This study involved nonhuman ld! 1 to the NHP, the challenge locat1ons, evaluate each and bleed the animals if necessary. I lwas never respons1 e.for preparing any of the agents used 1n the study. In addition, I ldid not perform necropsies or transport carcasses. ~~~~E~b~o~la I Sometime duringl I I assisted llwitl a monkey pox study that was conducted in bu1~~1~n~g~_.--~ in ro8m I !administered anesthesia to the animals an I Investigation on by SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your A-l,l'lm"''''n"""""____...J it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012534Anthrax Page 914 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C , Page _ _2.....__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101 Continuaticn of FD-302 of --~------------------~--------------'On 1/30/04 I would intubate the animals. At the direction of the investigators, lwould administer treatments w ? e mixed with a lesauce to the animals. During this s ent most of me in Room I I which was the a.....,.------=---t ~~~~~~~~~~~~was also inv~ in this study. started beforec:J reported to in 1997 or 1 b6 b7C I lwas always aware of the color of scrubs that people were wearing and'paid att~ntion to wether or not pfople showered out of the hot suites. L Jconsidersl _to be safety conscious and pays attention to others that may putc===Jat risk. For erampl l~avinr rooml lwhich wasL I ...._-::-:::-'1, in room an co-workers would s~ each other off immediatel remembers working in rooml__jat the same time as advised thatl lwould frequently walk betwee and the laboratory which was designated I ~it off. B lnever discusse~ human anthrax outbreaks or piec~s of l~a~b-o_r_a~eo~r-y_e_q_u~i-p_m_e_n_t~ I II had or wanted t~tain from USAMRf~D :: r:d(tion, did not discussl__jpe~sonal Jife._ !or~ connections to New Jersey witht ) Is t thatL_jmay have had a discussion about monkey pox w i t h b u t c : J is not sure. I I .________~lin lmay have seen a picture in~~--~------~l:ffice of military fatigues holding a weapon. Jsaid that USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012535Anthrax Page 915 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o ~----------------------~ o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101 ,Page _ __ _ 3 Continuatim ofFD-302 of t - - - - - - - - ,On 1/30/04 the fatigues did not appear to be U.S. military issue because the pattern on the fatigues was not like the patterns used by the U.S. !llilitary., I ~elieves thatO saw~on the first floor hot side ~o~f~b~u~1.=-l.,..d~ingl lan<f J n rofm on the second floor of building! I In addition, l _a ?so sawl lin building I l ~---r----~~~?-t--~~J from . _ I_ _ _..... I lst;ated that': I t~e reputation of being a rememberS, l$taying away and being very st:andoff1.S: to h:q b7C ~----~==~------~ out on the ]also assisted with ~~--~--~~? This study involved primates (NHP) and too place on the hot side of building I ~ I !advised that the NHPos were eventually x-rayed, euthanized and the carcasses were double bagged. ~~~~~----T I ~~~Y was ca~ried I lis familiar with~alk-in-cooler located on the ._________.I floor hot side of buildingl__j I !thinks that animal ~ carcases may have been stored in that room. ~--------_.______~ln~a~rwt_,~?c_,~?n~a~t~e~q in aj !that ~-----~====~--------~ 1.~n-v_o_l~v-e-a~r-a-b~b~J..~t-s-.----~ lstudy at ._________.ldoes not recall seeing a lyophilizer at USAMRIID. !believes that BRUCE IVINS was involved with an anthrax study us1.ng rabbits. ?' I anthracis~ ~has never grown, cultured or dried Bacillus not aware of any area inside of USAMRIID that had problems WJ..th bacterial contamination. I ladvised._l~----_..... worked next to thel rnd does not remember hearing any 11 chatter 11 about a contam1.nat1.on problem. I fS Whe~ !reported to USAMRIID, it was made clear to c===Jthat the badges were important fqr trac~ing employees, especially in case of an emergency. t Jadvised took I I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012536Anthrax Page 916 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o o ,On?l/30/04 , Page _ _4.......__b 7 c 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101 b6 Continuatia1 ofFD-302 of L____________________J_____________ piggybacking very seriously and cannot recall ever seeing anyone piggyback into a hot suite. Animal Caretakers were responsible for disinfecting the I animal rooms and they followed a routine maintenance schedule. lwas aware that items were autoclaved or decontaminated in an airlock, but is not aware of all of the specific procedures that were used. While inside of a hot suite,l lwould taker---lnotes and then pass them through a 11 dip box 11 o ~er notes, I ~ould discard the acetate paper. seen or utilized a sterilite box at USAMRIID. in the anthra~ mailings of 2001. seen or used an envelope like the I lwas shown an eriV~lope c'nsistent with the one used advised! was shown. I has never visitor while at USAMRIID. was a visitin~ veterinary ~~~~~~---------U~~~~~~~~~ take the~~----~--------r-----~ In addition, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T:~p~r~e~p~are forc:::Jboard exam. any of the hot suites. I I S ersey. ?v~er One of I colleagues, named Ia....,..--.-----....-__. lin :~F>r-w~--::--:.-e-;---rlc-----'-il worked and lived inl . . -? -~- _ -~ !believes thatc:::Jvisited lis no longer living in New I ~~--~~~lwas asked ifc=Jwas aware of anyone who might have been involved with the anthrax mailings or if anyone at USAMRIID had expressed hostile attitudes toward USAMRIID or others. does not know anyone who fit either description. I I lstated that there were a ffw peopJe who were fired or moved because of their work habits while _at USAMRIID. I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012537Anthrax Page 917 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C -279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101 Continuatim ofFD-302 of ("'nnt-r:::J("'t hnt t:Ioes not recall who had the NHP manaqer of that contract wasl hPlieves that the I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012538Anthrax Page 918 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcriptim FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 01/14/2004 b6 was interviewed a L......,......----1 employment States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity o~ interviewing agents and the nature of the interview,L__J provided the following information: I receivef Ia an dearee from I ~--------~=============---------~ USAMRIID ri~--------~--F===L-~~~ was run by both aqministrative d research su USAMRIID,~--------~~~----------~~~------------------~~ich b6 b7C had ort duties. assisted w,r-J.=-?~.......~"'---.., position, b7C a~~----------------------------------~1 ------~--~ '"""'''Hoo oo Fllo , In I lbegan working at ysAMRrrp by ~rr A- wp- 2 22 SAt 1~14/04 9 3 6- " Fort Detrick, Ma:land ysAMRnn1.... ______..... v,.. "",! /_*_ 5 5 I -=1:. ~./-=1: .:.:4: . .?/. . :0: . .;4:;: : = =.- I b6 b7C This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It, is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 0 USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012539Anthrax Page 919 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) ?- o I o ,Page _ _2 _ _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuatim ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~-----------?011 1/14/04 b7C I was emp~oyed h~ I While employed by _ w o r k e d in thel Division and was respons1ble for .research support. On occasion, I I worked as a Principal Investigator and was involved with performing necropsies, particle sizing, histology, aerosol studies and a study involving the effects of toxins on mice. has been invol~ed. wjtb yafious aeros?l studies involving Bacillus anthracis (Ba) . has worked with the following scientists/principal inves igators~~~~--~~ .,iiii!.!.o!ol..l.l...l...~ I L BRUCE VINS ~------~~D~u~ring the'aerosol stu~d7 i~e~s~,~~~~----~~~~ ?-----------~~the animals, and seeing tot e an1mals' well being. was not involved with the preparation, culturing or ~~~~~~any of the Ba used in the above-mentioned studies. I advised that it would have been rare forc:::J to handle the wet spore preparation.s and advised that the principal investigator usually handled the Ba. I I l I I ~u~s~e~d~a~t~a~n-.~c~olored ~------~--~ Dugway. has been involved growth of I 1. assisting an Army Major FNU LNU. overseas, I lwas instructed to continue the study until return. !conducted blood cultures, isolated bacteria, conducted necropsies, grew bacteria and extracted DNA and RNA. ~dvised that! !made streaks on blood agar plates and I I I c::J ~----....--:--~~the study~ be wring a er r:~u;~!~ as some other t::e ::~:cti~e IneTiev?s ?__ a_ _ :f at~~--------------------------~ IVINS told~~--------~~that the Ba at USAMRIID came from a few laboratory was whiler=;l lstated th~t notebook is 1n t e I lstated that~ has had notebooks s1gned out toc===J The~st tjme working for s1gned for the notebook and advised that the I I I l _ L . .,. . . _____. .__ . wa: a USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012540Anthrax Page 920 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ?. o I I. 1. an~ Biosafety o 1/14/04 , Page _ _3:___ b6 279A-WF-222936-DSAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuati01 ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - ,On I 1 ibrary. Additionally, I thinks that fhere may have been a few notebooks signed out t o O whileD was I b7C l I I lcu;rent1:!l bas that tE1s 1s due tol pos1t1on as_ ~ responsibility to perform safety inspect1ons. I .. .. ;cces~ to D l l Bios;fe:rl~dv~ser;..d;;,;._____, _an 1t 1sl ~-~ b7 C b6 L-----~~--~lrecalls that there w~terial contamination found in one of the passboxes in building After this incident, weekly tesfinq bas heyn conducte w1thin thel land I !laboratories. _ Jadvised that inside the suites, on a weekly basis, the floors are vacuumed with a Hepa filter, the floors are mopped with bleach and all of the e:uipment, door handles and light switches are sprayed down. !stated that occasionally spores are fourid in one of t e safety cabinets or centrifuges and then the equipment is decontaminated with bleach and retested. I Approximatel~ ev:r: ten-~a:!ls~ lthe various suites. land on occasion picks up Eras anragsaun ry 1nto the suites for autoclaving. I lstated that after the passbox incident all of the used scrubs, socks and towels are returned to the hot suites and sterilized with steam before they are taken away to be laundered. This change took place after the laundry companies expressed concern with possible bacterial contamination of the laundry and potential threat to their employees. I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012541Anthrax Page 921 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o I I o bt , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuatim ofFD-302of _jL-----------.....Jf-------- ,On 1/14/04 4 b7C I lhas access to the various places where FBI evidence is stored, ?but stated that all freezers, rooms etc. are outfjtted with special locks, andc==J does not have access to them. was not involved with the processing of any FBI evidence. ~-~~-~~ was shown an envelo e co ent with the ones used in the anthrax mailings in 2001. advised that I I has seen photographs of the anthrax letters, s never L___j personally seen or used envelopes like the one~-~was shown. has never seen or used a clear sterilite box ~------~~~ at USAMRIID. advised that large colored Rubbermaid tubs are used to transpor monkeys and to hold toys used by the monkeys. lstated that some of the monkeys are too large for the traditiona1 11 hat boxes 11 used to transport monkeys and the Rubbermaid totes were purchased to alleviate that problem. I b7C USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012542Anthrax Page 922 of 1446 o # FD-302a (Rev. l 0-6-95) .. o s?tated o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuatim ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~-------------?011 1/14/04 5 b7C Additionally,c===Jis not aware of any vaccinations thatl have had. lmay indiv.\duals put it there. ~~~~~~ani !investigation revolving around believes that the investigation was run by ~--------------_.~~------------------------~who was assigned to the . Jandl lboth a t t e n d e d o . t rnl ],~1~~---------r~as starting a program an was finishing one. wemember~ving difficulty W1t a computer and advised t at lhelpedl__j log on. I ~ I l I USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012543Anthrax Page 923 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .. o L_____________________ o r-__________ ,On 1/14/04 b6 , Page _ _6:.___ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuatim of FD-302 of I was the,...._.--.., Also assisting with this study wasl~--~~ ~--_.~~--~~~~~~? This study involved nonhuman primates and ed tissue samples fr~ml lwork. ~~~~~~.a~t~o~r. a..,..-~--r-----:.....1 worked on a study where I worked fort a Jot of d~ta ~~~~--,_~!advised thad !expected the people that very ha~d and stated thaij I work generated However [ ~ I work .seenD durin~ I lhas not talked tol I . . . _ __.. . _Fecently and has only USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012544Anthrax Page 924 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Deleted 58- b6, 59 ~ b6, 60- b6. Page(s) - 3 b7C, b7D b7C, b7D b7C, b7D USAMRIID Section 13.pdf 012545Anthrax Page 925 of 1446 !lD?302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o uc l:HJJ;J/dli/cls - 1- .? ~--------~n FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription January 23, 2004, Social Security Ac'~c~o~u~n~~mm~~----------~~~~~:=~ ~n erv~ewed at place of emp oym , -?y MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE? OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, work telephone I I hv Special Agentl land Postal Inspector! I I L Affer be~ng adv~sea of the identities of thl investigators and the purpose of the interview,lprovided the following information: de~ree b7C I In from I I I ma]orea I. ~nl d earned al ~LLEGE in I 1 oarrTc:in;::d-:~rl I I I II I t----::::s l At: IS dVIK ,I inl D_l vj_sion. I I linl I worked as a J in the I completed a! atl lin I I l 1has held that position to date. I Ittvestigation on File# by --~,____________________J-------------------------------------------i This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012546Anthrax Page 926 of 1446 7(>?302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~----------------~--------- o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/23/2004 ,Page---- 2 A letter and a sample arrived from Ames, Iowa, in response tol !canvass for B.a. isolates. The sample was not ......,.;:.:..:.a_.o~WG_,ued with a name, thus labeled it "Ames". recalled USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012547Anthrax Page 927 of 1446 ~D-302n(Rev. ?d 10-6-95) o o ~Page---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - . 6 = = = = = = = = = = = - - - - - - - , On 01/23/2 004 3 b'lC I I co I worked with. B. a.l aborf'l tE=>rl with .MK H :tt; v 1\J:--i I I r ~m~ I lon vaccine challenge studles. All of the collaborative work invol vina vin1l Ant- nrrr"ln i were conducted During thel !estimated thatD made spore preparations a total ofl ltimes. Fifty milliliter suspensions of spores were generated ~nd used in lethal dose (LD 50 ) and vaccine challenge studies!~ Jgenerated B.a. spore preparations for each isolate used ln the vaccine challenge project. Spores were grown on Sheep's Blood Agar (SBA) plates, harvest~~~~~~~~~~ water. Phenol was added USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012548Anthrax Page 928 of 1446 ~-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o j L__ _ _ _. . . J - - - - o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 01/23/2004 4 ,Page _ _ __ recalled lfor a proJect aimed I I enerated B.a. s ores in th !provided the following description ofr---l culturing technique: A small amount of original startifig-material F I l I conducted research with virulent B~ in Suitel 1samples were stored in the walk-in b7F USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012549Anthrax Page 929 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ( o o 01/23/2004 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------=======L__________ ,On 5 b7C IVINS stepped projects, IVINS hel~a_~~nm~an~~~~~~~~~~uu~~~~~~ virulent organisms. indicated USAMRII.~D~s-c-l~.e-n~t~i~sts; how~~~--~~~~~~_u~~. .~~~~~ incidents or individual I other USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012550Anthrax Page 930 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) v o --~----------------~L_ o ________ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuatiop. ofFD-302 of 01/23/2004 6 ,Page _ __ [The USAMRIID Form 11-R shown to~~----~lwas placed in a 1A envelope and submitted to the file.] was not aware contact I recall when thls times over the years at their intera ? lme they I !provided the following information regarding USAMRIID scientists. PERRY MIKESELL conducted genetic studies the B.a. plasmids. He co~m~~~~~~~_e~~~~~~~_w~~~~ different B.a. isolates. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012551Anthrax Page 931 of 1446 r~-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o f=:J o 01/23/2004 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~==================~-----------'On 7 and was~e of anyone at USAMRIID who lyophilized virulent spores. as 'taken back' whenc:J first learned that DUGWAY PROVING (DPG) was making dry B.a. materials. It was I I understanding that the dry material was used to develop detection systems and to enhance defense preparedness against a biological weapon (BW) attack. The dry material generated by DPG was very different from the wet aerosols produced at USAMRIID. ldid not host foreign scientists or visitors at dt!J USAMRIID b6 Oworked with_ ~ _in the . could not recall the name of the ~ndividual, but sta e~a ~s from I I and studied llQt 11l~ita [C~ei ~y Natio~:l: :: ~ USAMRIID. I I ? b7C boxes in were used small, plastic rectang~~~??. .~~~~ I, was _locatecl. ~n NEL~ Jersey, but had never visited J I and? did not know of! never had any d scassrons ana they did not assoc1ate . -....,--~ observed an individual, dressed in all black, usiva the 9hotocopy machine at the front of USAMRIID's Buildin 1425. l Jdid not recall when this observation occurred. thou ht that personc::J observed ._I ...... I I did not. recall ever meeting I "- b7C I lwas working at USAMBIID lflhenl first arrived.! ldid not attend any ofl jP,resentat~ons, nor did c:J participate in scientific discussions wi tli . ,. Jl has not been involved in one-on-one or group discuss~ons w~i~th~----_. I !regarding I I I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012552Anthrax Page 932 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) J' o b7C o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~---------===========~---------'On 01/23/2004 8 _____;==--- o t e early meetings reviewin research us.ing have attended s9me lrnfst ott~n uses a plain envelope and affixes a stamp for mailing. fhas pur~ed pre-franked envelopes from the post office in Frederick, MD.L_j has never purchased prefranked envelopes from a yendjng machine I ~ay have prefranked envelopes inl I ~~~----------~ I ~----~1 informed the interviewing Agent and Postal Inspector thatc==] had researched the proper use of the polygraph on the Internet and concluded that the FBI's use of the polygraph as a general screening tool was not appropriate. I !declined to submit to a voluntary polygraph. lstated thatc=J had no involvement in the anthrax mailings. was totally shocked when the attacks occurred.! was angry when the FBI's investigation started at USAMRIID. According tal D ' I at USAMRIID were not~ofessional. ould not identify any individual with .who~ has worked tha would consider a possible perpetrator of the anthrax mai 1ngs.l ldid not handle the evidentiary letters ?or powders.c:J did not conduct any analyses using the evidentiary material. I the investiga,ion~:~ried that the researchers USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012553Anthrax Page 933 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) ., . - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcriptim 01/29/2004 was 1nterv1ewe at adv1sed of the identities of of the interview,! I the beginning of the interview, I I provided a copy of~--~~~ In order to more clearly describe in the the following an excer ,..;I I While working in and spent most of his time in =;;;;._=..;;;;.;;;,;lal so had access to sevL.e_r_a--::-1-r--------------~-..llolwol..-.. I suites including: ~------~==========L-~ Investigation on File# ~1~/~2~9~/~0~4______ at Frederick, Maryland ./_ ~C"\ \~\o~ Date dictated J 1 29 04 ID 279A-BA-C101392,. by __~L---------------~----------------------------------------------------L _______j This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012554Anthrax Page 934 of 1446 )' FD-302a (Rev. l 0-6-95) o I I <. o o b7C , Page ___2 _ _ TT<:!n.MPTTT"\ ~ - 279A-WF-222936 Continuatim ofFD-302 of -1------------------------~----------'0n 1/29/04 ''nrr ::d- ::><:!I b6 1 !immediate supervisor W;=j!=!l lworked in building! 1 and the hot and cold side of build~ng I I. I I was responsible fori I I I I everyone L...__ _ ____JtJ.i d USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012555Anthrax Page 935 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b6 o , Page _ _::3:.___ _ 279A-WF-222936 Continuatioo ofFD-302 of --~----------------------~----------'On 1/29/04 I lwas shown an envelope consistent with t~e ones used in the anthrax mailings of 2001. c::::::Jadvised thatc===pas never seen or used an envelope like the oneL_Jwas shown. I lhas used Styrofoam containers as well as small plastic containers slightly larger than a shoe box to transport items in the laboratory. I ~as never seen or used a sterilite type box at USAMRIID. personal or traveled to ~------~lfeels that it would have been easy for someone to remove a select agent from a hot suite. Someone could shower out with something, put it through a passbox, dunk it out or put it through an airlock or UV box. When asked about whether or not individuals pig1yback into change rooms I !replied 11 0h God yeah. 11 Jhas never seen someone piggyback into a hot suite. I I Idees not specifically knoy anyo:el who has a grudge against USAMRIID or the Government. does not know anyone who tried to or was willing to misuse a se ect agent. ~~------~ldoes not suspect anyone of being involved with the mailing USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012556Anthrax Page 936 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) ... 279A-WF-222936 Continuatim ofFD-302'of o .. o ,Page _ _4 _ _ --~------------------------~--------'On 1/29/04 of Ba in 2001. !advised that occasionally people left because of a Reduction in Force (RIF) and stated that one woman used to picket the front gate of USAMRIID because of an RIF. I ~------~}felt that they were not safe and the1r labs were d1rty. ----.. . . I lwas not impressed withl I rrecalls seein lates 'ust sitting out in one of laboratories used by here were various laboratory technicians assigned to butl lwas unable to pinpoint which technicians oppy. by I I I in building I I described various decontamination procedure's used lat USAMRIID. I !advised that b6 b2 b7F L...-_ _ _ __.ldoes not know . _ I_ _ _ _ __.~ USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012557Anthrax Page 937 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o o 1/29/04 , Page _ 279A-WF-222936 Continuatim ofFD-302 of ~~------------------------~-------'On _;5:..__ Attached hereto and considered part of this document is the CV provided by I I. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012558Anthrax Page 938 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 02/09/2004 b6 .._,__ _____,___. o t e FBI . interviewing agent and following information: Number to as interviewed b L-~------~ atlvised of the identity of the the interviewc==J provided the b7C I United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infect.i ous n; !':.u=>;::u::t~=>l:! (TT.Cl~MRTID) I USAMRIID froml I I at USAMRI ID was as al I ., b7C \. pY ~~ Investigation on File# 2/02/2004 at j WI 279A-WF-222936' SUB LEAD....-AND SUB USAMRI ID k57a b6 b7C-< Date dictated 2/05/2004 byJ-------~================~====~~----------------------------~------. This document it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. containsoL.~-----------------------------1 It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012559Anthrax Page 939 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~----------------~---------------------- o ,On 279A-WF-222936 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 02022004 ,Page---- 4 lsaid thatc=J didn't work on any projects nor waso aware of ~a-n_y__ p~rojects involving Bacillus anthracis. ~--------~----~~s~t~,ted that [ ] has never used th~~----------~ l~as never used any type of culture technique, either single colony or multiple colony techniques. lhas no experience, nor ha~ever worked on any projects involving the drying of Bacillus anthracis. I I ~~--~~lhas never fully characterized a string of anthrax and has no 1nformation about where it would have originated. or if it was Jhe Ames strain, or if it came from Bruce Ivins orl I When asked ifl lcould identify any persons who had expertise in weaponization techni ues s ore roduction or lyophilizing,[:] responded that has been working at USAMRIID for some time and ha when the facility develo ed biola ical wea er described as that ~------~would probably know how to weaponize how to ~ct spore production. When asked abro~u~t~---.~~--~--~----~ L___jcould not say thatc=} was aware if1 hade pertis~~~i~n~~ ~=~P~~;;~tt~~t techniw.~s:~, ?J:lf.ll:!il l:ll:f.ld.lictl f.lll c;~; J :~~:cobi J i Zi na 1 ~ but had only m1E1 contact/conversati talk re arding though ~--~~s~t~ated that, because ]once w1En no s1gn1I1cant uring that meeting. I lhad heard a lot of People at USAMRIID, in general, liked ? andc=] was nice to work with. possibl had more contact with When asked ifc==]could identify areas of USAMRIID whic~ had prob~ith bacterial contamination (specifically! suites) ,L____jhad heard that they had done random testing 1n Buildin~nd allegedly found lose anthrax spores in the hallway butL__Jwas not sure which hallway. pttempted to point I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012560Anthrax Page 940 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID o 02022004 ,Page---- 279A~WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---==============~---------------------------'On 5 out on one of the provided schematics of the buildings where thought they found the spores. D When asked irl could identify the areas where routinely worked,c:J pointed out places on the building schematics where D generally worked during his time at USAMRIID. rL----..~~I......IOWf'ked if I D ._______,r-...., o Bu~ld~ng does not kn had ever used the hot areas of tha and that had never visited the hot ere room was and c=Jnever needed to D When asked if people piggy-backed in and out of hot areas at USAMRIID/ I !assumed that the answer would be yes because people routinely piggy-backed going in and out of most rooms at USAR~. Piggy-backing occurred routinely in areas being worked in. L_j figured that if people piggy-backed in non hot zone areas r--lfigured they wouldn't change their habits while going in and out ~the hot zones. lwas asked how ~one could remove select agents from hot areas covertly and itL_J could identify anyone who might have talked about removing select agents or who might try to remove a select agent out of a hot area. lop inion ~hat c=J felt that, overall, security was lacking at USAMRIID. L___Jhad never visited hot areas and does not remember if anyone talked or joked about it felt security was a joke and that a e rust-worthiness of the employees and felt that anyone could walk out with anything b6 if they really wanted to. There were no x-ray devices to screen ingoing or outgoing people or baggage. Once a person is assigned to USAMRIID they receive a computer controlled access card. The access cards were not color-coded according to access level. Often, access cards were lost, borrowed or shared by workers when they need to go in and out of areas when they didn't have their card with them. For example,c==Jheard people offer to lend their access cards wh~y needed to go out to their car or go to a snack machine. ~believed that personnel did not take security measures very ser~ous at USAMRIID. However/ r-lwas not aware of any theft or attempts to steal select agents:rrDm the hot areas . I I .___~lwas not aware of anyone who said they might make a select agent for use in improper fashion. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012561Anthrax Page 941 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C ~----------------~---------------------- o ,On 279A-WF-222936 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 02022004 ,Page _ _ _ __ 6 ~--~lwas not aware of any persons with access or ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents or expressed hostile attitudes towards any political organizations, the media or others. Whenc:Jwas asked if there were personsc=J believed to be or suspect poss1bly associated with the mailings of the anthrax lettersc:J could not provide a specific name, butc:Jsaid that if to suspect someone of the mailing, for absolutely no reason could j~J.stifyr=] wquld say ~ould pick I dentified[ ]becausec::Jhas been wo~r~k~1~n~g~~a~t----------~ DI land during the time they were makin bioi 1cal weapons for the US government. I !believes that misses c::Jglory days when c:Jwas creating weapons and that 1s w is 11 a very bitter and pissed off oldl I 1s thought of very highl? at USAMRIID andl I _.i;;i.J.....,~d th."'"e r_e---:i-s___.a lot of 11 ass-ki __ ? " j lin that regard. ~----~~eard, via rumor mill, that 1s aid approximately per hour ~ expertise SAMRIID. ~--~s~t~ated thatc==Jdid not spent anytime with therefore, does not come to mind as someone who m1ght ave sent the a..a~n~~r~a~x~ letters. I !mentioned there were I I ~ thatc:J remembered who might have the expertise to~d~o------~ I something like the anthrax mailings.c==Jprovided the namel ~..---~~(phonetic spelling) as someone who mi ht have the exbp~e~r~t~1~s~e-~ 4 somethin like the anthrax mailin s. 's alle edl a who was oo c a1n, but afa..o~n~1~f~~s~e-e~n,---~o~n~c~e~b~e~f~o~r~e~~a~n~d.-n-e~v-e-r--Lh-a~d~~ any direct contact with All other speakers thatr----lwas aware of were all from within USAMRIID and they were ~ther doctors, military officers, or both. lis not aware of any people with whomc=:Jworked with who were lax 1n handling dangerous items or inappropr1ately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents. 6 ____~ l was impressed with the professionalism exhibited by everyonec::J worked with. I I lwas not aware of anyone being involved or interested in gaining access to anthrax or other biological chemical agents nor having the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012562Anthrax Page 942 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 7 279A-WF-222936 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -----============-------------------------------------------'~ 02022004 Page -------- in. the SUJ. te. B has never smelled bacterial decontamination agents suite because0has never visited thel ? ? I b7C When asked ifc::]had ever use~lastic storage containers such as sterilite boxes for storage ofL_J material at USAMRIID, .___ _.I answer was negative. When asked if Bacillus anthracis or simulan D was USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012563Anthrax Page 943 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o lstated that ?all of o 02022004 279A-WF-222936 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~============-----------------------oOn notebooks~a-n-d~t~hose notebooks can be found in the file cabinets. c:J work was recorded in tab Jlab I ~?--------~- lhad never purchased any pre-stamped envelopes nor didc==]ever use any vending machines in order to purchase prestamped envelopes. I ? I lhas never personall~andled any of the anthrax laced letters or envelopes nor hasL_j conducted any analytical work on the evidence pertaining to this case. ~----------~~------------~there, OSAMRIID. I I was was unaware of how ..a-----..--....lwas paid, if or I I rec~seein at U5~RIID ~t the rear entrance of Bu~ ingl___jwhere escorte:L jfrom the rear of Building ~the front of BuildingL __ at the time of this visit ~had a visitor's badge an was esc~he conference room on the front side of building! ~ as allowed to technically piggy-back withl !because id not have an access badge in the building, which was why was escorted from the back of the builtin] to the fonferenfe room. With the exception of the one time yscorted_ _I lneyer saw 1 linside USAMRIID a terL who~l~--~----~ but only from I !never sawl ltaking any e~ment out of USAMRIID or moving equipment to a place wherel_j could use it unobserved. I ~~~~never observed! lwork at USAMRI~~~------~~ never showed any interest in the anthrax in front ofl___j 1~----~1 only knew tha~ lwas ~ b7C I lyophilizers. I lnever saw~l_______.lworking with bacterial cultures or equipment~USAMRIID or ifl__JeVer tried to taint discarded lab equipment. cooler, room~ r----lis unaware ifc::::==J ever removed or borrowed any ~ver sawl lwalk near or on the hot side of Building 1 so i~to the walk-in USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012564Anthrax Page 944 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I ldoes not know wherel ~------~ o 9 279A-WF-222936 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID ,Page _ __ --~==========~----------------------?~ 02022004 ~----~~never askedl Ifor any isolates, equipment or Continuation ofFD-302 of access to any USAMRIID locations. or materials. lmay have stored samples lat USAMRIID, ~----~may have brought! The one da~ lwas escorted byl ! fori I. ~--___.1 never ~;:::::===:::::;-______. discussedO experiences in I lwi th L...-_______.1 or I L------:------::----:!1 I lnever talked aboutr--l decisions withl I in front of ~ ....__ ____. ~--------~--~-r_.l.n~e~v~;~r made any references tol 1Ineyer complained about ._p~o~l'~""1.,..,t':"""'''"i-c"'"'a"'"l--ri-s~s-u__e_s___.or I any issue in front of~---~~ I ldid not have any conversations withl lin which L...-~--___.1 mentioned scenarios involving bio-weapons or how to create them or any ideas about mailing anthrax. lnever mentioned ways to avoid forensic detection in bio-weapons cases to c=J. I I lis unaware ofL~---~~ having any connections in New Jersey or at Princeton. ~----___.1 never recommended any books to ._I-~ Parkrode area. ~--~lis unaware ifl ~----~ lever visited the Gambrill ~-__.lis unaware w-\th, whoml Isocialized or spent time with at work nor could L_jidentify any of~l--------~ 'left USAMRIID. .__._ _.I is unaware of any of ~~--------~lactivities afterO USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012565Anthrax Page 945 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I lstated thatl o b7C 279A-WF-222936 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --=============-----------------------'On 02022004 10 , Page - - - - - - Since~IL___~~~~------,_--~--~----~1 no one has made any comments tol labout or about g1 v1ng Oaccess to certain areas or to anthrax. I lstated thatl I ~ountermeasures ~--~lis unaware ifl lever discussed forensic to bio-terrorism scenarios. ~--------~----~l~i~s~not surT-~~~------~~------~----~~----~~ LJ.~t~e~m~s~J.-n-r~~=========~bag that may have bee~n~----~~----~~~~~_, powd~red I When escorted observed I lnever discussed the use of lyophilizer to make anthrax. I I never showed to I lanv materials such as USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012566Anthrax Page 946 of 1446 \.\, . . .,.. rl FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o 02022004 , Page 279A-WF-222936 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --============~----------------------'On 11 _...:==--- I USAMRIID .__ _ _ _ _ _ __.I while._l_ ___.jwas assigned to USAMRIID r----~IQsaa~i~d~t~h~a~~~~~~r-~ld~i~~ not lnever discussed withl spend mu~h time at I ~-~ b7C USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012567Anthrax Page 947 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcriptim 02/03/2004 L-~------~--~~----~--~~--~~~----~~~ was interviewed at p ace of employment. After being advised of the identity o t e interviewing agents and the nature of the interviewr===Jprovided the following information: in I land al ~--~lworked at the United States Army Medical ~esearch of Infectiou~s~~~ from,~~--------~~~~--~ ;=.;:;:......::;..;:;......;t he.!:r-1=-==-=-=-:-::----~ Division had: var~ous was also i Prior tol IUSAMRI ID I I I "' b7C b7F I lwas involved with a Bacillus anthracis (Ba) stu~~~r-~1 that was headed by BRTIC?JVINS. This study took place in suite in building! f Jbnly hadl !duties and was~--~ Investigation on File# 1/3 0 / 0 4 at I L--~~~~~--------~~~~~~~-------------------~~--------~----~ I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID""279A-BA-C101392' Datedictated 2/3/04 by __=SA~~----------~-S_A1___________________J-------------------------~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012568Anthrax Page 948 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ,o, o o b7C ,Page _ _2 _ _ 279A-WF-22293G-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101 Continuatim ofFD-302of _JL__________. J - - - - - - - - - , On 1/3 0/04 L___j ~nsible for~l----~----~--~~--~~lon the hot side of In this case, I lwould perform requested items would be taken to the~~-----------~~ This was an~-~~-~-~----~---~----~-~? was not involve~~~ culturing, growing or harvesting the Ba used in this study. ot involved.with any aerosol challenges during this st hinks that IVINS used blood agar plates to grow his Ba. not know what strain of Ba IVINS used during his andl Tnls wa~ an aerosol study~ I study. L...-------;:::==:::::;-___. I ~------_.____~l~a~l~so assisted! I lwith a !advised that the Ames strain of Ba was used frequentl~y--a~t~U~SAMRIID. I !described three ways that carcases/tissue were moved from various laboratories to the necropsy room or to another laboratory: 1) A carcass would be placed in formalin for three weeks and then taken to the Pathology Division. Requested samples would be taken from the carcass and sent to the appropriate division. ? The rest of the carcase would be placed in a freezer or autoclaved. 2) Unfixed tissue samples would be removed from the laboratory and sent to the Bacteriology or Virology Division. 3) Tissue would be fixed in gluteraldehyde and sent for electron microscopy. Anytime a carcass or tissue .sample left a laboratory, it would be bagged, decontaminated, bagged again and passed?out of the laboratory. ! ! a d v i s e d that roomD the walk-in-cooler on the hot side ~dingl lwas used to store animal carcasses. heard rumors that: I Ihfs never met or talked to I for various government agencies. aboutl lwork habits or persona lwas spe,ial :Jerations a~ II did not hear any rumors life. jworked ~----~~has never seen or used a sterilite box at USAMRIID. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012569Anthrax Page 949 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _ _3.;....__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101 Continuatim ofFD-302 of ~--------------------~-------------'00 1/30/04 I lwas shown an e~vet:dnsistent with the ones used in the anthrax mailings in 2001. advised thatc=J has never seen or used an envelope like the one was shown. ~does not have any professional associates in New Jersey. ~ttended a meeting in Newark, New Jerser sometj,e prior to September 11, 2001 andl !years ago,~-------~visited the New Jersey shore. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012570Anthrax Page 950 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .~ ; o Division, and - 1- ..-:t . FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription count Number of the ~nterv~ew, _ ~he .id~nti[jes Washington Field Office. of the interviewing Agents !provided the following ...------------.~, I ,~ I As at USAMRIID ears b7C Investigation on ----~~-------- 02/03/04 at ~-------------------L----------------------------- TI1is document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012571Anthrax Page 951 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o o 0 2 I 03 I 04 ,Page---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ...~ ContinuationofFD-302 of _J-1..--------------'------- ,On 2 ...-----__..1__,..-~1 worked 1.___~~~--"--t~(b~e::::..;l:..:i;;..::e::...;ved to be Bulldinfl inl I worked inl I in Building froml l Laboratory space was shared by researchers and was assigned based on project type. from the I b from I I in USAMRIID' s b7C I lreceivedll B. a. stocks I at USAMRIID.I b7C I I did not recall ever working with B.a. Ames.J I lused sporulation media to generate spores for permanent storage of bacterial stocks.~ not recall the specific type of spornlat;on media nser.L__jstocks were maintained in a refrigerator in I For germination of bacteria from a seed stock,l would streak a plate and select a colony following the incubation period. I lwas too busy with his own research proiects to produce B.a. materials for other scientists. I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012572Anthrax Page 952 of 1446 , FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~==================~-----------'On 02/03/04 , Page _ _;__ _ 3 Foll a USAMRIID protocols and approvals for the transfer. obta~ned the appropriate ~~e~e~r~m~~~n~a~~~~o~n~o~~~e nucleotide sequence of the PA gene from B.a. ' Volume The paper I and the 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The paper was published after pad left USAMRIID. L lctid not parti te in the h n on research aspects of the sequencing project. described contribution as that of an acement at USAMRIID and continues to work there. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012573Anthrax Page 953 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10?6-95) o o b6 ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ??-:: Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------------------------------ 02/03/04 , Page - - - - - - 4 !remained in contact withl l who is still .__e_m_P.lo-,v ,ed at USAMRIID.I ...... I also collaborated with I I The Ames strain was sent to USAMRIID in 1980 or 1981. !knowledge of the Ames ~tt~iD ~as derlved fro~ two sources: scientific discussions with I . _and medla reports on the CABLE NEWS NETWORK (CNN) ~ worked with PA, B.a. :lasmids and virulent B.a. strains, sue as Ames andl I I Icoiia oraElon 1 , as characterized their interaction as 'intel they often discussed scientific topics. I I ~~+-,~1 I land qood relationshiP .I I lmet at USAMRIID and thev had a I I USAMRIID. I and I I did not socialize outside of USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012574Anthrax Page 954 of 1446 , FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I never tn I o ,On ..o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 02/03/04 --~------------------------~---------- 5 ,Page _ __ hosted foreian _a_c_i_en_t_is_t_s_ ~ I r:1 I I was I int sri Pnti .~t frnm I I ~n-o~t--a_w_a_r e __ __ o~f~a-n-y~l-y_o_p~h-1~.1~1~.-z-e~d~B~.-a-.~material lnever lyophilized B.a. and was at USAMRIID. According tol I there was no reason to dry B.a. for storage, as bacterial spores were sufficiently stable for long-term storage . land their terms 1 knowledge of ? was aware that I I was from~~~~~--~~___.had no relatives or associates 1n NEW JERSEY. recalted traveling to NEW JERSEY I I to attendc:::J .__________.I has ~~~~l~oyment at USAMRIID did not overlap. never met I I p as topnotch.! ~~--~--?~~d~e~~cribed ! stated that samples could be taken from the perimeter security at Fort Detrick USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012575Anthrax Page 955 of 1446 o ?FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ,o., Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~---------- 02/03/04 6 ,Page _ _ __ USAMRIID if a person was intent on doin~o; however,c=J knew of no one who removed Select Agents covertly. was not aware of any persons with access and ability to crea e or andle dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organizations, the media, or others. There were no personsc:Jbelieved to be or suspected of possibly being associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters.! lwas not aware of anyone with whomc:Jworked who was lax in handl1ng dangerous items. ~~~~~ followed the anthrax investigation through media reports and publications.c::Jreferred to the isotopic anaiysis of the Ames powder and a report that the spores were determined, within the limits of detection, to be approximately two years old. ~~--~!indicated that the interpr~tatioij of the data was critical. The results actually indicated to[ ] that the growth media used to produce the spores was approximately two years oldr--l suggested two possible interpretations: the stock of Ames from w~ the spores derived was two years old, or the stock predated the mailings by many years, but the spores were produced using media that was two years old. ldis:uss:d th: anthr:x m:ilings withl during a I I Tw~o~p-o_s_s~l!"''b-1..-e ...... motives were propose . T e an hrax a tac may have been perpetrated by someone trying to send a message. The highly purified nature of the spores I I that at least one of the persons involved in producing the material possessed very specialized skills and knowledge.! !surmised from media reports that the reagents added to weaponize the spores were not ones used in the US. It was also suggested that a foreign country, such as China, perpetrated to attack to test the defense and response capabilities of the us.! I was skeptical of this proposal, as such an act would be very risky for any country to take. I I I was during the days surrounding the mailings of the anthrax letters. As documentation ofl I whereabouts! !provided a handwritten telephone log, an employment leave record, and dated email messa es encom assin dates of Septembe~ ~ and rovided a document deta1l1ng the ml~n~u~~~~~--------------~----~ meetin at ~------~----~--~----~~~--~~--~--~--~~~indicated that inl I could also verify hereabouts during the dates surrounding the anthrax mailings. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012576Anthrax Page 956 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~====================~----------'~ 02/03/04 7 ,Page _ _ __ A copy ofl "Division of Environmental Health and Safety, Academic Personnel Record of Vacations, Holidays an~----~ Leaves, I I" su ested that worked ~I........lr--u-s_u_a-=l--s-c-=h-e-d-=-u~l=-e--rl-----------------'11 and of 2001, as I lwas not noted for t ose days. I I used this ersona.lly trackc:J usage of leave throughout the handw~en, office telephone log for the number made and received a total of four calls . T ree calls were noted as received or A copy of an email message, datedl indicated that lwas asked to voluntarily submit to a pol~raraph examination re~ing the mailing of the anthrax letters.[~------~ indicated thatl_jwould think about the request and contact the Agents within a few days withe==] decision. The following placed in a 1A envelo e ( 1) I froml have been (2) ( 3) ( 4) USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012577Anthrax Page 957 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~--------------------~-----------?~ 02/03/04 , Page 8 _..:==--- ( 5) (6) USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012578Anthrax Page 958 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription ~~~~~~~~~----------~' r~~~t~------------~--~ P,hone -number at being advised of~~~~~ and the nature of the interview ,I following information: ~------~ genr-~~~----~--~~--~ ~~--~----------~~'date of~b~1~?r~t~h~----------~~~~~ 02/17/2004 earned I !degree in ~~------_.----~~f~r?om ~----~~~--~~College~~~--~--~~~~~ started worK1ng at Ft. Detrick in the United States Army Medical Research Institut nfectious Diseases (USAMRIID) inc==J ~----------~~~~~--~u=n~til ly had access to in building In started to vaccinations r---------------------------------------~--~~--------~was vacc1nate , ~--~~~--~~~~~~------~--~--~~ and ~egan working in building in theL ] suites as well works in any area other than I enges per b7C I lhas no knowledge of any foreign visiting scientists at USAMRIID . .________~I never knew ._!_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ . . b2 b7E b7C: b6 Investigation on ---::0:..:2:.L/-=1=-=l:.L/-=2:.. .::0:.. .::0:.. .:4:..,-_at Frederick , Mary 1 and "~t> File # 279A-WF-222936-~ SAMRIID? 279A-BA-C101392 Date dictated N/A SA by PI . _ _ I_ _ _ _ _ . / USAMRIID Section 14.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency? it and tts contents are not to be dtstributed outstde your agency. 012579Anthrax Page 959 of 1446 (! ~ (Rev. 01-31-2003) i FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Attn: nate: 01/27/2004 b7C Washington Field Amerithrax 3 SA l.________---1 Squad CT-2 Contact: SA Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: Tit;I.e: I ~------------------------------~ ~9A-WF-222936-~?'MfPending) -V.)/\-N\~\}D -Sl.c\ L~~~- 4:S~ I I I AMERITHRAXi MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: To report results of lead set fori lnivision to interview! ~----~ I Enclosure(s): Enclosed for Washingtop Field are one (1) copy and one (1) original FD-302 for the interview ofl and one (1) FD-540 envelope containing the original notes of the interview and floor plans of USAMRIID used in the interview. Details: On 1/26/2004 1 I ot ent and e 1.nformat1.on ~----------F_r~om Div1.s1.on, building c:=J through~--P-----------~w~o~r~k~e~d~a~t~U~S~AM~R~I~I~D~~~~ b7C now used to store the Bacillus Anthracis samples. grow Bacillus Anthracis samples at USAMRIID 1412. ~ did not ponduct research inside of building ~id not go into the hot areas of building 1412. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012580Anthrax Page 960 of 1446 To: Re: Washin~ton Field From: ~~~------~ 279A-WF-222936, 01/27/2004 o o I was I I lwas not a member ofl r1-----,...1--.:::P~l-e_a_s_e_r_e-:of,...e_r.J to the enclosed FD -~3"'!:'0~2__,f,...o_r__,f,...u-r~t"'~"h-e-r--d"""e-:'t-a-i~"""l,...s--o-f,.....I the interview. d j d not I I kn~w who I 2 USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012581Anthrax Page 961 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: 279A-WF-222936, 01/27/20~0T4----~ o I o LEAD (s) : Set Lead 1: (Info) WASHINGTON FIELD AT WASHINGTON. D.C. Read and Clear oo 3 USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012582Anthrax Page 962 of 1446 ., " FD-302 (Rev. I 0-6-95) o secur1t - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/27/2004 born b6 number was 1n erv1ewe ~~-o_f ~the __ a After interviewing agents and the provided the following Since States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick Marvland. Froml I I tol I lrecAivAn Rl I wor.K:.ea I 1n bUJ.ldJ.na I IDi Vi !=li rm I I I Starting in I I for approximately! I conducted research on Non-Virulent forms of Bac1IIus Anthracis. 1 ~ r b7C II()-.~ b6 b7C Investigation on File# by ll26l2004 ~l-- \~"'\\ at I Q..oate dictated I 1I 2 7I 2 004 279A-WF-222936 .. '---"'"""' . . . SA SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;.___ _ ___. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012583Anthrax Page 963 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o While at USAMRIIDJ o b6 279A-WF-:-222936 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~------------?0" 1/26/2004 , Page ---=---- I was assigned I : ;~e Bacj I I J]S 1\nthraci s samp I es in a tr~zer. I Upon completion of each laboratory work day, !Estroye~ Ill Bacillus Anthracis samples utilizing the autocla':'"e 7 could not ~dentify other researchers at USAMRIID ut1l1z1ng Bac1l us Anthrac1s. could not identify the strain of Bacillus used for research. .__-=-_o_r_u-=l~a~t-1':"",o-n--m-e-:d:-:i~a-a_n_d-=--w_a_s_u_n_f::-a-m--:-i":"l'"'!"i..... ar did not use modified G with the media . F::.......:;....__ _ _ _..., .__r_e_c_e~1-v~1-n~g the Bacillus Anthracis samples,! utilized single colony culture techniques. After lwould add antibiotics diluted in a liquid at a specific concentration. The culture would be monitored for growth or reaction to the antibiotics. Different types and quantities of antibiotics were mixed and added to the Bacillus Anthracis cultures. Typically, the samples were completed in a four to six hour time period. After the test results were recorded, all samples were destroyed the- san;e day by -autoclav-e. , , , ? has not participated or use~ drying techniques for Bacillus Anthracis or any other organism. has not utilized I I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012584Anthrax Page 964 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~----~~~~~~~--L- o ____________ ,On 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 1/26/2004 , Page --'3=--- a lyophilizer.! lhas no experience or training in laboratory dry1ng techniques.! !was unable to provide names of anyone with experience using a lyophilizer or drying techniques. ~~------~!was not familiar with the location of stored samples of dried Bacillus Anthracis. ....__-=----~~ was unclear if the Bacillus ~thracisr--1 used for research was fully characterized. ~ Jbelieves~ Bacillus Anthracis was most likel ful characterized, since it was identified as a unfamiliar with the~o~r~1-g~1-n-s--~~~~~--~--~~~--~------~1n her I I The samples were Ivins. was familiar with one person, ~~ with ex ertise in ~of I -I books on t~e--s-u~J~e-c~t-.--------~ materials and ~--------~lhad no first hand knowledge of bacterial contamination at USAMRIID. However c==J read in a research paper of one incident of bacterial contamination at USAMRIID. The paper indicated a visiting scientist died at USAMRIID as a result of exposure tol I . 1 worked in buildingD at USAMRIID. was in the staff area adjacent to the n ucted ~earch in laboratory L-------~~~--~~----------~~Divisio~.~ could not recall the ~~.......... a.,..-o_r__ a-:-t-o-r-11 e s .I I .11 t 3 J , ;. ed haf h 1 evel I I and space within th~ _Division . assigned office .------------. I D not conduct research o to buildingr--l only to ~----------~~~~~has not been tn-Erle hot are~a--s--o~~u-1~~1--n-g~----~ ,___......,::::-a=-s=-n=or-~e:-:e:-::n::--!:in the walk- in cooler, room D o f bui 1 ding does not know what is stored in rooml I was not aware anyone 11 piggy-backing 11 into hot areas at USAMRIID. I I was unable to provide information on visiting scientists inside the hot areas/ sincec::J had not been in the hot areas. the hot zone~l~ -"' --~ id~?;tifi~d-~thr~; p~;~ible '"'~;th;d; t~ r~~~:;~ the agents from the hot zone. First, someone could pass the select agent through the 11 Pass Box 11 o The n?pass Box" is utilized to pass fXO!rl. r---------_.~~~~~did the fiat I I was t7Q!lt=. " unaware of anyone removing select agent$ aorn,:.07'"'1.=. t~:=.,???d-~d ?Tf' ro ~""r.:::amO"''Q ?c:.::-1-ord-- :.go,-.tS"~.r,.-.,...~n, USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012585Anthrax Page 965 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 b7C , Page 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------~------------'On 1/26/2004 --'4==--- laboratory notebooks from the hot zone to the clean zone. The notebook inside the hot zone is placed inside the box. The box door is closed and UV lights inside the box are turned on. After the U"v treatment, the notebook is removed from the box on the clean side. Secondr someone could carry the select agent through the decontamination shower. After showering, the individual could hide the select agent material in their street cloths before exiting the decontamination area. Thirdr an individual could place the select agent inside the. autoclave from the hot zone. A person could place a select agent inside the autoclave, but not turn it on. Once through the decontamination showerr the person could open the autoclave on the clean side and remove the select agent. ~------~~ was unaware of anyone indicating they might make a select agent for use in some improper fashion. r---lwas unaware of anyone with access and the ability to create o~le dangerous biological agentsr which expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization/ the media or others. I I was not aware of any persons believed to be or suspected of possi~eing associated with the mailings of anthrax letters. L___j could not identify anyonec:J has worked with that was lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents. ~------~~ was not aware of anyone at USAMRIID interested in gaintng jccess to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents. has no ideas on how to prepare dried Bacillus Anthrac1s and send it through the mail.! I is unaware of anyone which expressed a spefjal jnterest in being able to get around forensic techniques. _ ! has no ties or associates with ties to the Trenton, New Jersey or other areas of New Jirsey.l wasl lat the time of the anthrax mailings. has no knowledge of anyone traveling to New Jersey during September or October of 2001. b7C r I The laboratory maintained basic standard operating procedures (SOP) for decontamination of laboratory work areas. The SOP for basic decontamination of Level II and III laboratories were similar. The SOP directed workers to use a ten percent bleach solution to clean surfaces. Also, workers were directed to turn on ~~ light sources on the room ceiling and insid~ the hoods?.?? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?-? .. ? lindicated~raformaldehyde or glutaraldehyder fumigation were not used inL__Jarea at USAMRIID. However) I I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012586Anthrax Page 966 of 1446 .. "'. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L______________________ j___________ o ,on 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 1/26/2004 ,Page _ _.::::.__ _ observed on several occasions small areas sealed off inside building 1425. The sealed off areas were marked with warning signs indicating fumigation was taking place. Typ~call~, t?.e fumigation of laboratory areas was conducted on Fridays. was not sure if the virology areas were ever fumigated, as did not go into the virology area. ' I !utilized glass or metal containers at USAMRIID. not recaii using or observing D does sterilite boxes, at USAMRIID. plastic storage containers, such as was not aware of ani-'-~=.;~~ record research conducted at USAMRIID. I !research in laboratory notebooks. r---~~~~ notebooks into the laboratory librarian. I I j lhas not purchased or usjd ~rj-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the anthrax mailings. has no knowledge of pre-stamped envelopes being available or for sale at USAMRIID. However, the pre-stamped envelopes may have been sold at the U.S. Post Office on the grounds of USAMRIID. did not handle any of the anthrax-laced letters sent to USAMRIID.I lhas not conducted analytical work on the evidence in the anthrax investigation. I I L-----------~------ ~s not recall obser~ngl ,.::O;:;.:r::.....;e:.::.l=s.:.:e~w-=-h:;.:;e::.::r;:..:eo:..:...~.L...----------'-1=-'n=d.,.i..:.::.ca ted .. not know who I h was I c::::J was I at USAMRIID not a member of the USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012587Anthrax Page 967 of 1446 ...q_ FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 11/26/2003 b7C date of e address erv~ewed at I lpro;ided the following overview ofl educational and career experience: ~-------~ by~S~~L_________________________________rla_n~d_S_A~I~--------------------~~-----------1 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; r---~.__?rlu...wa?. i..I'OAI"'"~"t'?ents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012588Anthrax Page 968 of 1446 FD-30'2a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C ,Page---- .~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~==========================:d_____ ,On 02/27/2004 2 If never interviewed: 1. Obtain details on education, specializations, nature of work at each laboratory of employment; details on work with biological organisms (particularly Bacillus anthracis (Ba)). 1 Answer: Covered above. 4 lhas never worked with any yirulent form of Ba. l------.l..:.:il has worked with the Sterns(vaccine) strain of Ba during the normal course ofc==J immunization duties. 2. I Determine whether any work with Ba was on the living organism or only with components such as toxin, DNA, etc. Answer:! I has never worked with any virulent strain of anthrax, only the vaccine strain used for immunizing USAMRIID employees. 3. Obtain details on all projects invo~ving Ba including identification of contracts, subcontractors, lab assistants, whether the work involved spores or just vegetative cells, strains used, specifically how the Ba was grown, storage technique and all storage locations, distribution to any other researchers. Answer: Although~~~----~~I has nev?~~?~r~~'kad~_onon_aatnalv~~ science driven proiects involvinq Bal I agreed to identify,.~?~--------------~IDivision _, I ;I I 4. Have you ever used 'the modified G sporulation media? When, on what organism and strain, where was?it stored? USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012589Anthrax Page 969 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L _____________________________________________ o b6 _r~--- .~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/27/2004 Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On 3 ,Page _ _ __ Answer :1 l has never worked with any form of anthrax created using modified G sporulation media. 5. What type of culture technique did you use? Was it single colony or multiple colony culture technique? you used both, wha~ time-frames did you use each? AnswerJ If lhas never cultured any form of Ba. 6. Identify any work involving the drying of Ba. Was a lyophilizer used? What was the specific technique? Are any samples of dried Ba S'till maintained? Were high resolution images collected? Answer: I I has never dried any form of Ba and has never used ~ lyophilizer. 7. I Were the strains used fully characterized? Where 'did they originate, and where have they been disseminated? If the strat'n was Ames, did it come from Bruce Ivins orl - . ~--~ Answer:l lhas never worked with any form of virulent anthrax(characterized or uncharacterized). 8. Identify any persons who have expertise in weaponization techniques, spore production, lyophilizing. Is there anyone else we should talk to about the above issues? Answer:! ldoes not know of any individuals with the above listed expertise. 9. Identify any areas of USAMRIID which had problems with bacterial contamination, particularly! 1 suites. Answer:! lnever heard about any iss~es of bacterial cross contamination in any area of USAMRIID but did note that in 1999J Ia USAMRIID employee, had an accidental nee Ie st~ck and may have been exposed to a virulent strain of anthrax.! I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012590Anthrax Page 970 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/2 7/2 004 b6 b7C , On Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------------------~~---- ,Page---- 4 10. Identify the areas routinely used by the employee (use floor plans) . Answer: I I snent almost all off ltime while at USAMRIID in Buildinql I roomsl I I I remembers OOJ.nci J.nto BuildJ.nql r I 11. I Answer: I I djd not coJduct work in the hot areas of building! _was unTware ~f the existence of a walk-in cooler in room r-----1 Was the walk-in cooler/ rooml Determine if the person used the hot areas of building I used? Who was ~ved using the walk-in cooler? Do you know what was stored there? 12. Did people 11 piggy-back 11 in and out of the hot areas at USAMRIID? Were visiting scientists taken into the hot areas by USAMRIID researchers? Answer: I lstated thatD cannot remember ever. witnessing anyone "piggybacking 11 into the BL3 area at USAMRIID 1 but did remember individuals 11 piggybacking 11 in the general access doors of Building 1425. 13. How could someone remove Select Agents from the hot areas covertly? Identify any individuals who attempted this. Answer:! !believes the person would nee~ to , conceal the sample of select agent in clothing in order to ~ke it out 5f the BL3 area. After leaving the BL3 are~ _ did not know how the person would remove the sample from the?building. 14. Are you. aware of anyone who said they might make a Select Agent for use in some improper fashion? An$wer:l lcould not identify anyone who said they miq~~h~t-m-a~k-e~a~s~e1ect agent for subversive reasons. ~----------~1 did recall the FBI arresting several USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012591Anthrax Page 971 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o ,On .. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/27/2004 5 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~----------------------------~-------- veterinary technicians in 1998 for manufacturing drugs ?using USAMRIID equipment and raw materials. 15. Are you aware of any persons with the access and ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the. media, or others? Answer: No 16. Are there any persons you believe to be or suspect of possibly being associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters? Who and why? Answer: No 17. Are there any people with whom you have worked who were lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents? Answer: No 18. Was there anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need or?responsibility to do so? Answer: No 19. How would you go about preparing dried Ba ahd sending it through the mail? ?Answer: had no idea of how someone would prepare dr1ed Ba an send it through the mail. Are you aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques? Answer: No I J 21. Do you or any of your associates have any personal or professional association with Trenton, New Jersey, Princeton or other areas of New Jersey? USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012592Anthrax Page 972 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o Answer: No o ,On .? 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ,02/27/2004 6 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------------------~r----- ,Page---- 22. Did you or any of your associates travel to New Jersey in September or October 2001? 'Do you recall where you were during that time period? Answer: No.~ d e s not believe I I has ever been in NIT emembers dri vi~o r I I I in Iof but does not recall traveling through New Jersey. 23. Are there SOPs for decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets in your work areas? What are they? Answer:l I remembers an SOP t~ad been established for decontamination of thel___jsuites after a 11 hot 11 jpdjyjdJJaJ had beep recovered apd rnoyed tj USAMRIID by the I _never . used this SOP and stated that it was only to be instituted if a 11 hot 11 person was quarantined and removed from thec===Jsuites. 24. Has paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde fumigation been employed in the 1 1 areas? When? Answer:~~------~~as no knowledge of this process. 25. Have you ever smelled bacterial decontamination agents in thel t suites? Answer:l lhas never smelled bleach, a common bacterial decontamination chemical, at USAMRIID but does remember a distinct decontamination smell routinely coming from a specific area where lab stud~ monk~s were being disposed of in an incinerator. I _ also remembers the smell coming from the labs w ere thEUR monkey related research had taken place and were subsequently being cleaned and decontaminated.! I stated the s~ell reminded.JI?of, 11 fresh green beans ~n summer t~me 11 o L__j 26. Have you ever used 'plastic storage containers, such as sterilite boxes, for storage of your materials at USAMRIID? If so, how, where and when were they USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012593Anthrax Page 973 of 1446 FD-30.2a (Rev. I 0-6-95) .. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID b'IC Continuation ofFD-302 of ~==========================:______ ,On 02/27/2004 ,Page---- 7 purchased? By whom? Did you ever notice any such storage boxes missing? Answer:l !remembers using thick clear plastic boxes that were approximately 8 11 X 12 11 X 6 11 o --":'"'!"":------' remembers that the boxes had metal safety locks with rubber gaskets that created an air tight seal. L.:-1 27. Are you aware of any work being conducted with Ba or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded? Answer: No 28. Was all of your work recorded in lab notebooks? are they stored? Where Answer: stated that before the mid 1990s all of the USAMRIID immunization records were exhaustively documented by employees in lab books. After the mid 1990s USAMRIID switched to and now uses a computerized immunization record keeping system that now tracks all immunization records. 29. Did you ever purchase pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the mailings for your own use or- for anyone else? If so, did you ever give them to anyone else? Where were the envelopes stored? Answer: No 30. Did you ever use any of the vending machines in Frederick to purchase pre-stamped envelopes? If so, which machine and when? Answer: No 31. Did you personally handle any of the anthrax-laced letters or envelopes? If so, when, what rooms, who else was present? Answer: No 32. Did you do any analytical work on the evidence in this case? Get details. I I "----------~-----------------------------------------__] USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012594Anthrax Page 974 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ,On --~------------------------------~---- .. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/27 /~004 .. Continuation ofFD-302 of 8 ,Page_._ __ Answer: No Questions regarding! 1. -1 Did you know who Answer: Yes ~--~========~ I I I was prior to ~...I _ _ _ _____. 2. Do you recall ever seein~in USAMRIID? If so, what parts of which building did you see c:=J in? I Answer: routinely see whenD lwork area(previously identified) for immunization against a 1rrriety of select agents. I !stated that would routinely into immunization com liance roblems due,to the fact I I would I I I . ~~--~--~p---rranting and raving non compliance issues. that once an employee became non immediate supervisor was notified. !access ~~--------------~------------~--~lfe~l=l~so far behind that ~i-n~t-o~.t~h-e-r-I~I~Rni~~R turned off during the~~~----------~1 !department hadl Soon afterl I !access badge was turned offJ I One was comol1ant on. I beinq immunized aqainstl 1 1 4 --------------~------------~1 remembers! L-----~--~--~~~~~~~~ess was turned bac I I I 3. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012595Anthrax Page 975 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o Answer: No o b7C .? 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 9 Continuation ofFD-302 of --=============:::::!....___ ,On 02/27/2004 ,Page---- Answer: I l1elt TISAMR I If in I and has no knowledge o f a c t i v i t i e s after that date. 4. I Did you ever letl l"piggy-back" into any areas with you? What areas and when? Did you ever see I I .taking any equipment to a place where[:] could use it unobserved? Answer: No 5. 6. What didl I work with at USAMRIID? Answer:! lwas not sure exactly whatl ldid at USAMRI ID. I I knows that I I w._a_s_a ___. _ I and did a lot of saci ali zing. I I ~a-l_w_a_y_s_r~emembers seeingl I in the hallways with a cup of coffee in hand talking to other people. D 7. Did you ever see or lyophilizers? Answer: No ._1_ _ __.1 working with bacterial cul ture,s 8. Did ever remove or borrow any equipme'nt from USAMRIID? DidO ever try to obtain discarded lab equipment? Answer: I Iwas not aware of any equipment related issues surrounding! I I I 9; ~-_,1 in the hot side of._l_ ___,_ Did you ever seel Answer! I on I I near fhe walk-in cooler, room thatOwas only in building I 10. I Istated not SP.ecifically remember any walk in cooler in building! I occasions to[ Idid I I Didl lever ask you for any isolates, equipment, or access to any USAMRIID locations? USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012596Anthrax Page 976 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o be ,On -, 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID . Continuation ofFD-302 of 02/27/2004 --~--------------------------~---- ,Page---- 10 Answer: No 11. Do you know wherd~------~lstored samples and materials? Answer: No 12. Are waware of any samplesl lmay have brought with from prior research or employment? What were they. Answer: No ?13. D i d l l ever discussQxperiences in Det~ . _ I_ _ _ _ __ . Answer: Nof~t~h~a~t~~------~lr.e~m~e~mb~e~rws~. .__.___ _ _ _ __.l~w~a~~ aware that_ J 14. Didl orl !talk aboutD discussions w?ithl !Details? ...._____________. Answer: does not know who are and has never heard of either person. 15. I I I Ior I _ _ _ _ ...._ ~ make any references to killing people? Answer: No 16. Do you recall complaining about any political issues or other issues, particularly involving senators or media personnel? Answer: No I 17. Were there any conversations in whichl !mentioned scenarios involving bioweapons and how to create them? Didc::Jever mentio~ the idea of mailing anthrax? Answer: No 18,. Didl l ever mention ways to avoid forensic detection in bioweapons cases? Answer: No USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012597Anthrax Page 977 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) o --============================~--_,On Do you know ifl At Princeton? ~----~ "Answer: No ~ad .? 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID .. ? Continuation ofFD-302 of 02/27/2004 ,Page _11 _ _ 19. any connections in New Jersey? 20. Did~l----~ever recommend any books to you as good books to read? What were they? Do you still have them? Answer: No 21. ~u know L_____j area? if Answer:l ._1_ _ __.1 ever visited thel._________________. lhas never heard ofr-~-----------, and did not know the location of ....--------------------__.... l 22. Do you know with whoml socialized, or spent time with at work? Can you i'dentify any of._l____________________. I I Answer?l lr:membersl spending time with j while at USAMRIID. does not know whoi !socialized with outs1de work but remembers that! !who was also employed at USAMRIID. lthinksl I I I I 23. What, if anything, do you know about._!_________.I activities afterD left USAMRIID? Answe~ 24. was doing lhas no idea of whatl afterc==Jleft USAMRIID. .______~ Did you ever attend any presentations given by~~--------~ Do you recall any controversial issues being discussed? Answer: No 25 . has anyone made any comments to you aboutc::J or about having given! ac9ess to certain areas or to Ba? ~--~ Answer; No I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012598Anthrax Page 978 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . o ~--------------------------~-------'On 02/27/2004 Page .? ,. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 12 ' _ _ __ 26. Is there anything we have not asked you that you could tell us which could be related to the anthrax letter mailings? Answer: No ~t~h~a~t~~~----~~ had anything to do wit~mailing of the I then went on to say that!! does not believe anthrax letters and does not believe! anyone. If interviewee hosted foreign visiting scientists: I could kill I I stated thatO never hosted a foreign visiting scientist while employed at U~AMRIID Therefore the listed questions were not asked ofl ~------------~ If interviewee was ani Imember: ~----------------~ I 1. ~n~i~d~~~----~-Wsn~e~n~d~t~i~m~e~wwi~t~h~thd ~I----------------~1 Answer:l 2. What conversations do you remember having wit~~--------~ 3. I Were you aware of any political issues ~~~,-----~--~ IwhJ.ch I.______~ was involved J.n? Answer: No USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012599Anthrax Page 979 of 1446 ----?------------ FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) .. o JL----------~~-Answer: I J .? 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID .. Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On 02/27/2004 ,Page---- 13 4. !never attended~~----------------~ 5. Answer: No 6. Answer: No 7. Answer: No 8. Answer: No 9. .______ ______.I Answer: No 10. Answer: No 11. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012600Anthrax Page 980 of 1446 FD-302a(Rev. 10-6-95) .. o --~----------~------------~-------'On Answer: 02/27/2004 ,Page---- .? ,. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 14 USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012601Anthrax Page 981 of 1446 ' FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/15/2004 resides hone interviewed, Resident Agen~c=y~o~f-t~h~e~Fn-E~D~E~RA~L~B~U~R~E~A~U~O~F~I~NV~E~~~~~--~~ being advised of the identity of the interviewing Agent and :r;ature o~ the interview !provided the following 1nformat1on: ,I laboratory 1 no anthracJ.s B~--L-----~~ was tra1ne to work with BA, but was never required to. was aware that "tons of BA samples" came in after September 11, 2001; however,c::Jnever handled any of them. I lnever used the modified G spo~ulation media. --~ ldid not grow active cultures and, therefore, did not use any culture techniques. When asked if the strains of BA used were fully !said thatc:]diq~not know and again reiterated thacr==Jiever worked with BA. ? ? -.. . characterized 1 ~ I I USAMRIID have Investigation on ~======~? I did not know BRUC~IVINS?I ' ~---------------~ lstated that most of the professors who worked at expertise in weaponization tech1~m1es snore production, and lyophilizing. I llisted_ ~--------------,~~ _____ 1_2~1_2_4~1_2_0_03 ___ at.___________~----------------------------- File# 279A-WF-222936 - V.:.\1\M g,}l j)- 5\o3 Date dictated 01 I 14 I 2 0 04 by _____ s_A~~---------------------------r-~----------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 14.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agen ~-r-------...1 it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012602Anthrax Page 982 of 1446 ,? FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o b7C 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of . . . J - - - - - - - - - , On 12/24/2 003 ,Page _ _.::::..._ _ personally knew who had expertise in weaponization techniques and spore production of BA. of the floor plans for buildings 1425 and 1412 of r::-::::.....:~~...::;identified the 1.__--::----'r-1.; a; ; .re.; ;. a; ;,.;,. . , located on the oor plan, the area where).___~ worked. When asked to identify any ar USAMRIID which had --~~blems with bacterial contamination, stated the only ones was aware of would have taken lace said lsai~t people did piggyback in and out of some areas at USAMRIID, butl__jhad no knowledge about the hot areas. I lwas surprised at how easy it was to get in and out of the buildinl. I I believes the facility is "not that secure ... l s a i d that people who are cross training between virology and bacteriology had access to both areas and the security soldiers had access to everywhere. When asked how someone could remove select agents from the hot areas covertly ,I I saidc:::J had never been in the labs, butc:J thought it would be easy and that people could possibly pipette it into a tube. I I is not aware of any 1ndividuals who attempted this . .___ _ _~lis not aware of anyone who said they might make a select agent for use in some improper fashion. is not aware of anyone with the access and ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents, who expressed hostile attitudes towards any political organization, the media, or others. does not know any person thatObelieves to be, or suspects of, possibly being associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters. I I I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012603Anthrax Page 983 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 12/24/2003 ,Page---=--- 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - . . . . J - - - - - - - - - ' - ,On I I did not know of anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents, or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. ~----~lhad no idea how to go about preparing dried BA and sending it through the mail. lis not aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques. When asked if D or any of associates have any personal or professional association with Trenton, Princeton, or other areas of New ,Jersey I t stated that I I 1~-----------------------JI but Qdid not have access to any hot areas. I D I I said that neithe~ any o f D associates traveled to New Jersey in September or October, 2001. -" 1 I r-e -,I~~_,._..,. P-..1t-""= r'l rl .C:II_.... I I was asked if there are Standard Operating I When asked if c=]had ever smelled baTterjaJ decontamination agents in the virology suites, I saidr-1 did not know, asc:Jhad not been in there; however, you could s~ autoclaves at work near those areas. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012604Anthrax Page 984 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ?, o o ,Page--=--- 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of _..____________J--------- ,On 12/24/2003 plastic storage storage of materials at most of the time it was ~------~lis not aware of any work being conducted with BA or its simulants, which was unofficial or not recorded. lsaid all og===lwork was recorded in lab notebooks, which are sto~edl I never purchased pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the mailings forc::Jown use or for anyone else, becausec::]did not do mailings foU lnever used any of the vending machines in Frederick to purchase pr~mped envelopes.! lpurchasedl ~tamps at a store nea~ home. said did not personally handle any of the anthrax laced letters or envelopes. I I I I I D ~------~1 did not recall ever lettingl !piggyback into any areas wit~ I ~----~ did not ever of USAMRIID or moving equipment to a unobserved, with the exce tion of ~------~1 see~~--~--~ lace wher any equipment out could use it USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012605Anthrax Page 985 of 1446 'o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ' o b6 279A-WF-222936 _.....__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,~..-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ , On Continuation ofFD-302 of 12/24/2 0 0 3 , Page --=--- or lyophilizers. I lnever sawl !working with bacterial cultures ~----~ I lwas not aware ofl I ever removing or borrowing any equipment from USAMRIID, or ever trying to obtain discarded lab equipment . .---------'Wu..h~e nu.., asked .. I l room had ever seed near the , in the hot side of building! j stared 0 may have, u does not remember. However._~r-----r~~ir-d.::--s-e_e __. _ in the hallways a lot. said never askedD for any isola~t..;;;,e=s"-,-....., equipment, or access to any USAMRIID locat~ons. Everything I had access to, I I did as well. .___ ____. ? I b7C I I I I said there was lots of public relations work going on at USAMRIID and people from all over the world were given tours of some of the suites. ~---~~did not know wherel lstored samples or materials, but stated that there are storage areas all over USAMRIID. ~is not aware of any sampleqd______~lmay have brought w~from prior research or employment. I lsaid thatl lnever discussed! I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012606Anthrax Page 986 of 1446 ' . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , On 279A-WF-222936 12 /24/2 0 03 , Page _ _.: :6__ Continuation ofFD-302 of --IL.,.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ J I - - - - - - - - - r-------~~----~lnever heard~~----~~ make any reference to~~------~ ._________.I did not reca11l lever complaining about any political issues or other issues, particularly involving Senators or media personnel. lsaidl lnever mentioned ways to avoid forensic detect1on in bio-weapons cases. did not know if New Jersey or at Princeton. I I I I Ihad any connections in Idoes not know ~------------------------------~1 if I II ~1_..,...._ __.1 does not know with whoml.-----....., socialized or spent time with at work. When asked ifl:J.coJJJ~ 1dentify any of I said D never saw I ~ith I js rware thatl llived atl ~--~ lever visited the I I I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012607Anthrax Page 987 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---1.----------J--------- ,On 12/24/2003 ,Page _...:.7__ r--------2========~~d~o~e~s~n~o~t~k~n~o~w~a~n~y~t=h=~~?n~g~a~b~o~u~t~l==========~lactivities .._w"'.\"h...,~-c""'.l'h--~,...n-v-o-=~'"lv--e'""'d____ a s_u_s_p_~,...c-~,...o-u_s ..... I had heard about type package, bu is unaware if it could be related to the anthrax letter mailings, I was not aware if any of the visitors were given access to~a-n_y__ h_o~t suites or~ locations where live, virulent BA was stored or utilized, butL__Jwas aware that many visitors did go through those areas. I I ~---~~ said that all the visitors coming through~!~_...... area were escorted at all times and were never left in the lab alone. I I said that orl !tours, there was never any opportunity during the visits for the visitors to have removed samples from USAMRIID without being observed. I lsaid that many people on staff participated in or assisted with visits. When asked if any of the visitors made any requests to obtain samples of any type from USAMRIID,I I said they did not but many of them wanted of pictures and literature. I I USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012608Anthrax Page 988 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o 12/24/2 0 0 3 , Page _ _;8::;.,__ 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 ' - - - - - - - - - - - , On described a picture of the BA spore, which had been enlarged many hundred times, ~~~--------~==~------------~ lsaid that none ofc===Jvisitors showed any particular interest in anthrax, the Ames strain, weaponization techniques, or lyophilizing methods. I lwas unaware if any of the visitors to USAMRIID had acces~s~t-0--a~l~yophilizer while they were there. I I said the visitors! I at USAMRIID did not work or use any rooms at the facility. said there were not any foreign visitors ever observed in the possession of fre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the mailings. I _said that none of the visitors ever asked about locations 1n Frederick where they could purchase stamped envelopes for personal use during their visits. said that none of the visitors I c==J ever Ishowed Iany anti-American sentiments dur~1-n-g~t~h-e~1~r--v-1~s-1-.t~.I I I I said thatl ldid spend time withl ~---~==~------------------~I---~ ~-------~ I I had many conversations withl I but none were alarming and all were work related. ~------~ not aware of any political issue~s.,~~--~~~ I whichl I was ~1~.n-v-o~lv--e~d~i-n~b-u~t--w_a_s a_w a_r_e~t~h-a~t~i~t--w_a_s a_i~w--a-y-s~a problem getting __ __ __ funding. I is USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012609Anthrax Page 989 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ooo o ,On bo 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of - i __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ J I - - - - - - - - - 12/24/2003 ,Page__.:::=- ._______,I r-----,IL-_ _ _~Icould not think of any other information about interactions with I I which might potentially relate to the case. USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012610Anthrax Page 990 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted 22- b6, 23 ~ b6, 24- b6. 25- b6. 36 ~ b6, 37- b6, 57- b2, 58 -- b2, 59 - b2, 60 - b2, 6! ~ b2, 62- b2, 63- b2, Page(s) - 13 b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b7C b6, b7C, b7F b6, b7C, b7F b7F b7F b7F b7F b7F USAMRIID Section 14.pdf 012611Anthrax Page 991 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 3 I 16 I 2 0 0 4 b6 mobile . After being ~~~~~~~t~e~1~e~n=rt~1~t~y~o~~~e~1~n~e~r=v~1~e~w~1=n~g~gents and the the interview, I I provided the following: nature rl~~~~e_~~~~--------------------lJw~aasg_~i~n~t~erviewed at the ~~~~-------------r----~----~' r'-------------------------------------------------------~~~l address isl ~~--------------------------------------------------~1 telephone number~~--------------~~ r---------------------~-----L~m~a=i=l=i~n~g~a~ddress~1----------~-----~~~1~?s~l~-------------------------~-----~ 1 :r:rom I was I I to I assianed to I I at I I froml USAMRIID. I l th~nl lin I I worked at thel I obta1ne~ lh~aF'ln !degree 1nl working full time at I Division I land r I !explained that while at USAMRIIDr--ldid not work directly w1th "bench top Bacillus anthracis" (J3kr,--however did have access to rooms where research and experiments with Ba D Investigation on 3116104 at File# 2 7 9A-WF- 2 2 2 93 6 by U'S.~'-'\~"1."l.'C)- \ot;)~ Date dictated 3 I 16 I 0 4 I I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. tt is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; 012612Anthrax Page 992 of 1446 >. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~------------------~---------------?'Ori 3/16/04 , Page _.....:2=---- 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~--~1 never worked with Ba on living organisms or DNA. did not have any knowledge of any Ba distribution/ butl was around individuals who worked with Ba on q. daily basis.~--~ ~~--~ladvised that most of the people at USAMRIID who dealt with Ba would be able to easily dry Bar and if someone was curious they can learn how to dry Baby conducting minimallooef media research. Sincel lnever dealt with Ba directly had no need to learn any techniques on how to dry Ba. statedc==]~d with Bruce I~ins on many occapions, however none ofl__jwork with Ivins involved Ba. ~-___.!could not r~cc;tll working with but c==Jname sounded very fam1l1ar. . .? . I I I I has no expertise in Ba weaponization techniques. It was opinion that any person who worked with Ba, could learn eaponize Ba if they wanted tol lcould not identify anyone specifically who might be involved in Ba weaponizatio~ I remembered that after the Anthrax letters were sent, USAMRIID decided to increase safety procedures at the facility. Safety personnel conducted swabbing inside and outside of suites and determined that there was contamination outside certain suites, howeverJ I could not recall which suite had been identified as be1ng contaminate~ !further advised that one of the buildings on USAMRIID grounds 1s boarded up and is not being used as it was contaminated from a laboratory accident dating back almost 30 years ago. Every once in a while safety personnel conduct tests and swabs on this building, but to date the contamination rate still at a high level and the building remains vacant. acces~~:......t.~;.;!;..l; a to as off1ce USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012613Anthrax Page 993 of 1446 1. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~~------------------j---------------'On 3/16/04 , Page ---'3"---- 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of I I advised that used to store in a walk-iE-cooTer, however this cooler was not located in room ~~~I it was located in thel J doe~ recall seeing anyone enter~ng the cooler ~n rooml andL__jdoeQknow what was stored in this cooler. Looking at the map, advised that the location of the cooler in room c=Jwould poss~ y contain non-food items .. D r .__~__.I explained that "Piggy Backing" is against the rules at USAMRIID, however it was being donel 1 advised that ~person should swipe his ID prior to entering al I L___Jcould not re~~ll :~y instance where let anyone "Piggy Back" into a _j with stated that visiting scientists were a owe access o however prior permission was to be obtained. at no "Piggy Backing" took place with visit~ng b6 I __ llexplained that if any employee with the right w~o, it would not have been difficult to take out of the I I at USAMRIId I explained that had the intention of doin harm all he she would have to ~~----~----~~----~~--~--~~------------~ explained that after the mailing of the laced letters, more security procedures were being implemented. ldid not know of anyone who had access to dangerous agents w~~~.t~h~~h-o~stile attitudes towards t4e goyernment or any political organizations .1 lexpresse concern regarding a USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012614Anthrax Page 994 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~----------------~----------------?On 3/16/04 , Page 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --=--- Last name unknown access ~1 m<;'st of L_j time I I did not recall any employeesD associated with who were~ handling dangerous items or interested in materials that could be turned into harmful ~gents. I I advised tha~was at t : ( D during the time the~ letters were~g sent. stated thatc::::::J never handled any of the laced letters for ev1 entiary or testing purposes. I ) advised that after the incident, USAMRIID was working 24 hour shifts (d,ty ca,l) but duringrl shift no letters were received. was not aware~t the letters were sent in prestamped enve 1opes. I I further explained that c=J never purchased any pre stamped envelops, howeverc:::Jonce did purchase some stamps from a post office near.USAMRIID.b~----~ldid not recall pre-stamped envelopes being kept at USAMRII asl I remembers being handed stamps when mailing business letters. I lnever traveled to Trenton NJ and did not know any of associates to have traveled there.~ explained that there is an SOP in place for decontaminat~ut it was safety's responsibility? to conduct decontaminations andOwas never involved. I I recognized para formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde as? decontaminates. I !explained that they were used by caretakers ~ontaminate large cages or equipment leaving the suites.~ did not remember smelling any of the above listed decontam1nates as~explained the decontamination took place at,...n.i..9:J;l. in a "lock a1r' space. The only decontaminatel____jremember smelling in the virology suites were table decontaminate such as Ethanol. D USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012615Anthrax Page 995 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L-----------------~lr-____________ ,On3/16/04 , Page 279A-WF-222936 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of --=5=---- used plastic containers for syrasel and was not aware of any plastic containers missing. was not familiar with the term Sterilite boxes. L::::::Jlained that I I never met and in person an~ere. Afterl I I heard from several USAMRIID employees, that ifl was rt-Prl it won't be a surprise ?I lknew from colleagues thatl worked with Ba while at USAMRIID. I ~advised that civilian workers would probably knowl metter then military personnel as military emplovees rotate out of USAMRIID facilities every two to three year~ I I suggested that the following as individuals who knew I rthe most: 1 1 lnever saw I I D I I I I never hosted any foreign visiting scientists while working at USAMRIID. I I lstated~would like to assist the FBI in its investigation and would be available for further anesti,ninJ if needed. further advised that between! I, will be visiting at the aforementioned address ._J.,...,_ ___. n I andrl will be available to answer any further questions we ffii9Et have. I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012616Anthrax Page 996 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) oo - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 3/21/2 0 0 4 DivisiFn. date of birth account number Iwas interv1ewed at place of employment at the United States Army e 1ca ns itute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of~t~h~e~------~ identity of the agent and the purpose of the interview,! provided the following information: ~----------~ D b7C b6 lstated thatqwas incorrect in telling the interviewing agent o n l t h a t some of the postchallenge plates used by BRUCE IVINS were made with blood agar. F ~~~----~=1 said that the plates used by IVINS were made of TrypticO Soy Agar (TSA) made by the Cell Culture group at USAMRIID, and blood agar plates were not used. I !noted that the water /C~ used in the all glass impingers (AGI) was purchased commercially. ~ I lstated that blood aoar plates were used byl I I who had worked in roomL I I D stated that there was a lyophilizer located I in roomL:Jof Building! !at USAMRIID. The unit was older, large, and~els. Th~ey, zer in room D was sometimes ? ? used in rom of Buildin The unit was used byl as.part of studies on ~----~,--~ lsaid that the dilutions, that were prepared as part of the post challenge plates. were stored in the walk-in cooler on the first of Building L I he:anse t:~re was not enough room in the refrigerator in room! lnoted that the fifteen (15) milliliter (ml) AGI con1ca s and e a11ut1ons were disposed of after the post-challenge pl~had been re~ost of the AGI samples were autoclaved in rooml__jof BuildingL___J by IVINS prior to disposal. lstated that IVINS brought over a large flask containing the liquid preparation of Bacillus~racis (B.a.) to be used in the aerosol challenges to Buildingl___j from Building ~--~lthe day before a challenge was to occur. The flask would be stored in room D of Building The material that was not I I I I _____:......__----==~ Investigation on File# ---.:::....:::....:-=-"'-"--=..;;._;;;-- at 03/18/2004 Frederick MD 27 9A-WF-222 936-USAMRIID - \o\.\p Date dictated N /A ..:::.::.L-=-=-------1 by_,s~-L~~~~~~~~--------------------------------------------~ c:J04080I.wpd This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012617Anthrax Page 997 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L ______________ J - - , On 03/18/2 004 , Page--==- ,D used in the challenge would be stored in the refrigerator in room of Building I I lstated that the trash bags of material removed from roomc::J of Building! land taken to the basement of Building! I would remain their for several days if not over a week before being autoclaved by the animal caretakers. that ~~----~~~----~ was unaware of any rave o or business contacts there. heard of a connection between investigation ofl by t~~-~ I b7 I I I provided writer with a previously handwritten page of notes regarding information D wanted to convey during the interview.! I note will be maintained in the lA along with the notes taken during this interview. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012618Anthrax Page 998 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 03 I 17 I 2 0 0 4 soc1a securl y accoun telephonically. After and the purpose of the following information: lstated that the conicals used by BRUCE IVINS to transfor: ~he Bac~ lus anthracis (B.a.) from Building! Ito Building at the United States Army Medical In?sti tute of Infectious 1seases (USAMR1ID), Fort Detrick, ?Frederick, Maryland, were fifty (50) mililiter (ml) in size. The conicals used in the all glass impingers (AGI) were fifteen (15) ml. The B.a. Ames tha was used in the post-challenge plates came from the fifteen (15) m AGI conicals. Following the aerosol challenges, the fifteen (15) ml. AGI conicals would be stored in racks, in the ~efrigerator for one (1) or. two (2) days, in room 115. The AGI conicals were disposed of in the same bags that contained the discarded postchallenge plates. Sometimes, but not always, prior to disposing the liquid contained in the AGI conicals, IVINS would pour the material into a water and bleach solution . I b7F .---------------------~~-----~-----~~~~stated that it was j, described in ~w~e~r~e~k~l~r~r~ed.~b~----,_~~~~----~~~ place while ,.....!:::==::::::!..--. plexiglass~~p~l~a~t~e~s~l~o~cated in the exposure boxes that were used for Istated that the diameter of the hole in the ~--~--~~~!described the plexiglass plate as being rectangular and the aerosol challenges was at least six (6) to eight (8) inches. having dimensions of six (6) inches by eight (8) inches. The plate has four (4) holes which were used to insert screws to fasten the plate to the box. I lsaid tha~had seen the post-challenge plates o? B.a. Ames a~ter they~been sitting in roomc::J of ______ b7F B_u_i_l_d_i_n_g_~ ~_a_t _____ __US_AM R_I_I_D__ __a_n e_x_t e_n_d_e_d__ __ __ f_o_r __ __ a_m_o_u_n_t o_f t __ ____ im--e~1~n--t_h_e----------~~ Investigation on _.;0;.. ;;3;;.. :.1. .;;1:.. .;7.. :.1-=2::..;:0;.. ;:0;.. . :4=---_at Was hi ngt on , DC File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\on (Telephonically) Date dictated ~N!.LI.J:.A:L_______,--------, This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your ag~-:----------1 USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012619Anthrax Page 999 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 1 - - - - ,On 03/09/2004 ,Page ....2- trash bags.~~----~----~ described the plates as being completely covered with growth. ~----------~lstated that some of the post-challenge plates were made of blood agar and a lot of the times they were made of Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA). The plates were either purchased by IVINS from a commercial source or they were made by the Cell Culture group at USAMRIID. b7C centrifuge, and water bath ?in it. lsErat in roomO of Building at USAMRIID. of Building had a lyophilizer Iori lin room .I I I Iat did not see I USAMRIID. I I sterilite~c~o~n~t~a~1~n~e~r~1~n Buildingl___jat USAMRIID. l d i d lstated th~does not remember seeing i not seel carrying or using a sterilite conta1ner at USAMRIIr'l-o-._ _...... USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012620Anthrax Page 1000 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/22/2004 birth b6 I r until I linJ lfroml lworked at USAMRIP:1 lcame back to USAMRIID as al 1works fori I r I I I I I I Ihas al I I Degree I 1- Investigation on 1/2 2/ 0 4 / at _...:::..F;:r-:;e:-:::d~e::.:r::..;J.::::.'.::::C.::.:k:..t. o_.::.M.::D:::..-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ u~~l'll.e'l."''..t)- \C~o File# by Date dictated ...::1:..L/..!2:!!2:.../[....0~4-=-------279A-WF-222936 / 279A-BA-C101392 .. \-\'2.5 SAl I Posca.L L.U.L. 1 11------------...::--;.;...?...:::?.-,.,=-?..::.?.:.."--1 I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; .____ ____. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012621Anthrax Page 1001 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 I 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of The process for harvesting is as follows:! would then lal;>el it and place it into the refrigerator.___ ___. ~~------------~} The label would list the strain date purified and ~~----------~!initials. 1 1 .____~I assumed IVINS andl lshared a lot of stock/ therefore both used I I had prepared. The ori9jnation of the Ames strain was in a bottle in the refrigerator andl ldid not know beyond that how it entered USAMRIID or where it came from. I does not know how to dry Ba and was told that USAMRIID does not have the capabilities to dry Ea. I I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012622Anthrax Page 1002 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 I 278A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of t There were occasions that BRUCE IVINS, I Iori I lwnnld autoclave! litems if they saw them UJ:\aer 1:ne hood": I I I T~y lyophilize of building ll____jJ outsid~ In I 1 vl"'lnh; 1; '71'>r waf'l IVINS. I I lknew of was in the hallway lfound out that the I I ~---':"T""---.....,.-::-:-::---:-~1 andl~----~ldid does not Know now co operace a .Lyo~ru.L.LzeL not know how long it had been in the hallway. I b2 b7F Shortl after USAMRIID handled the anthrax lettert!JsBI evidence), was told that the hallway betweenc:::J and the change roo andl lhad all been contaminate with anthrax spo wabbings were conducted in all of these areas. does not have knowledge of what actually~took place~------~ ~~n~o~w~ev~eof, there are several rumors regarding this incident. heard that brought the spores through a pasS~b~o-x----~ e letters prior to locks being placed on the pass box. also heard that~E IVINS brought the spores through the pass ox. Another rumor heard was tha~ I who was helping handle the letters id not wash properly upon leaving the suite therefore, contaminating the areas. I r O If someone wanted to remove a Select Agent from the hot areas covertly, they could walk out with it in their possession prior to September 11, 2001 explained! I ~...-c_o_m_e_o_u-:t_o_f-;::-a-:;-h-o-.-t---=s:-:-:u-:i-.-t-e:--d::;:r-y-~:r?n~d":'i'":""i~c~a7 t-:ri-:-:n~g---.-:t:-Th:-:a:-::t-.t~h~e~y~'~'"'fi~a.... d-n-o-.-t~showered. I someone USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012623Anthrax Page 1003 of 1446 . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . 279A-WF-222936, I 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation of FD-302 of In 1999, soldiers were arrested and discharged for stealing Ketmine out of the laboratories. Ketmine is a drug used to tranquilize the animals prior to them being bled out. The soldiers were placing vials of the liquid into their coat jackets and walking off base. The Army found oqt about this when a roommate of one of the soldiers told onl !believed that only Army CID was notified about this. Ip 2QOOI !traveled through New Jerffey hnt pe:ver.---..., I and I I were traveling from l I tol ~--~~--~land missed a detour thus winding up in New Jersey by~-~ accident. I Idees not have any connections to New Jersey. stopped. I 7th street post office inl I recall if he ever purchased pre-stamped envelopes an had not. I ~as bought stamps from the vefdingam:fhine at the could not elievedc===J ~------~--------~~agreed I to be polygraphed which is scheduled for USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012624Anthrax Page 1004 of 1446 '\ >}> ,., FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) oo - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04 I01I2004 ~------~~~~~----~~~------------~--~~------~------~------~ I date of birthl I social securit numberl Jwork telephone number~--~~--~--._. interviewed telephon~cally on April 1, 2004 while a of employment at the United States Army Medical Institu e Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of~t~h~e--------~ identity of the agent and the purpose of the interview,! provided the following information: ~-------------~ lstated that the seven (7) milliliters (ml) of----~ material that rema1ned at the end of an aerosol exposure would be ~poured back into the fifty (50) ml conical provided by the investigator. I !confirmed that at the end of each day, when thirty (30) animals were exposed, 210 ml of material, or 105 ml per hood, would be left over. I lstat~d that the nebulizers would not be cleaned between aerosol runs. Normally at the end of the day the nebulizers would be autoclaved in preparation for the next days challenges along with the trash. Occasionally there would not be enough time to autoclave the nebulizer and they would just be decontaminated and cleaned with a bleach solution and then with a water solution. b2 b7F I provided by t he~=.;;...;....;;;..;;;;...;;.=..o~.=.;;;;...., units per ml. material was added to~~~~~~~~~~~~~--------------------~~container. Prior to IVINS would heat shock the material in a water bath at 45? Centigrade. stated that it was rare that the lipid emulsion ~w-a_s u_s_e_d~Ti-n~the anthrax studies. The emulsion was used __ when the jets would get clog9ed which sometimes would occur at the end of the day. I ~ ]believes that one (1) out of ninety ( 90) runs would requ.1re the use of the emulsion? 1 -----------------, ~ I Investigation on ~0~4~1~0~1=1~2~0~0~4~_atLI____________J-~V=i=r~g=i=n~i~a~~(~T~e~l~e~p~h~o~n~i~c~a~l~l~v~)~-- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ...._______. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012625Anthrax Page 1005 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___.t---- , On 0 4 /01 /2 0 0 4 , Page -2- ; 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~-----~~~~~ stated that all of the material in the hoods would be placed into the same garbage bags, including the tubes, markers, pipettes, towels, animal hairs, any containers, as well as the all glass impingers (AGI). Sometimes the garbage was placed into one (1) or two (2) gallon bio hazard bags, however, most of the time full sized bags were used. Through one of the hoods, the garbage was bagged up and set under the UV light and then sprayed with bleach prior to being removed from the hood. Through the other hood, the garbage was autoclaved out of the hood. All of the garbage was eventually autoclaved in the basement of Building 1412. After the material had been autoclaved, it was placed into the dumpster in the back of Building 1412. lsaid that the air passing through the bottom of the exposure box would go into the house vacuum system. The ?acuum attached to the AGI was also connected to the house system. Both vacuum supplies would pass through a control unit located within the hood. Within the control unit is a ball 0.2 micron HEPA filter. The filters would be replaced approximately every six months. The lab technicians would change the filters inside of the hoods. The house vacuum system also had a series of different filters, located in the penthouse of Building 1412. When the hoods were decontaminated with the paraformaldehyde, the vacuums would be run. The vacuums would draw the paraformaldehyde into the system, thus decontaminating the HEPA filter in the control panel. Some of the paraformaldehyde would also be drawn into the rest of the house vacuum system. I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012626Anthrax Page 1006 of 1446 l'D-302 (R~v. 10-6-95) ALL HI FORMATIm~ CmiTAIJIJ'ED .. M 1 M FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 03/29/2004 social securi t a , Place Frederick ryland 217 0~ , -h::.;.::::o.::!.m~e:...-~:;~h:::o:::.:n::.:e==::-'-:-~-=-~-~___. interviewed atr---lplace of employment, the Unit d States Medical Resear~stitute for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,L I provided the following information: I I ~----~------~~~h~a~l~~s~l~--~------~~~d~eg~r~e~e~l~?n~~--~------~1 USAMRIID ~------~====~~fcollege,~l----------~=========----------~ from b7C certified. I I has not participated never been around live Ames str~?~. .~~-~~ been involved in the growing of not in a "hot suite" environment.....--.---..--::-__. b7C ldid not know where strains of Amfs milht be stored and is not sure where Ames stock may come from. understands that BRUCE IVINS probably had control over the Ames stock. I ~did not ever know of any undocumented projects to be perfor~ has never known anyone to attempt to dry Ba. ~ did not have any knowledge of there being a cooler I in room~buildingl I ldid not know of anyone who might have any knowledge in the weaponlzation of biological agents. A biological agent b2 Investigation on File by b7E 't-'liol..l..""""'ii.....L~-61.~"""""~-~..:....::.~..::.:.~.:::..:::.:::_::.::..;::_.::_..:....:~:l:~~- Date dictated _N..:../_A ______-f=--=1 /!It. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012627Anthrax Page 1007 of 1446 FB-302a (~v. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L__________________r________________ ,On 3/24/04 ,Page -2-- might be removed secretly by showering out with it or s'tashing it on one's person and leaving with it. ~~~~~~did not suspect anyone of being involved in the mailing of the anthrax-laced letters. did not have any interaction with foreign visiting scientists at USAMRIID. lhas no personal or professional relationships with anyone in the state of New Jersey. envelopes. I I I ~I----~I did not purchase nor use any pre-stamped postal container._,s,__e,_v_e_r~being I had no recollection of any plastic used at USAMRIID. 11 Sterilite 11 had never metl I. and only knew of him from the~m-e-d~1~.a~coverage of the anthr~ case. I ~----~lwas not involved in the mailings of the anthraxlaced letters and is willing to take a polygraph examination if deemed necessary. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012628Anthrax Page 1008 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 3/ 0 9/2 0 0 4 On March 9, 2004, t DkTiv~i-s~i-o-n-,--d~a~t-e o_f~b~l~.-r~t~h~----_.______1 __ I I was in terv l ewe at place of employment, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Dise~ses IUSAMRTJQ), Fort Detrick, Maryland by Sup~rvisory Special Agentl I and Special Agentl I j After being advised of the identity of the agents and the ~p-u_r_p_o_s~e of the interview, I i provided the following information: ._s""o=c..,.l-=a~r~s~e~c=""u~r-=-l-=t~y::--:a~c::-:c~o::-:u~n=t--=n":"!umber recognize he name of .__------------~~~~did not have any foreign visitors as part o his employment at USAMRIID. I !recalled visitors from Porton Down and from Canada observlng aerosol challenges from the "cold" side of Buildingll at USAMRIID. The challenges observed were of Ricin and Staeh?roo0ccus enterohactefia toxin (SEB) in a Bio Safety I I suite. I _never observed any foreign visitors on the "hot" side of Building b7c I I in I I when MRIID began uslng ra n rax s u les lns ea of mlce. The quantities used were between three hundred (300) and four hundred (400) rabbits per study. 1 !stated that rabbits were used more often than primates ?were used ln Anthrax challenges. Challenges were run three (3) days per week with thirty (30) rabbits per day. Two (2) dilutions of Anthrax were prepared per rabbit for each challenge, and three (3) Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) plates were cultured per dilution. r jnoted that a total of approximately 180 TSA plates were cultured per day when animar challenges were being conducted. The TSA plates were obtained from the 1 I group at USAMRIID. left th The rooms in Buildinal Jat USAMRIID that were used for Anthrax challenge work we rei r and I I R..Q.Q!!i. Iwas used to prepare the Anthrax for the challenges. Room was used as c? b2 b7F ----~ic~~l Investigation on ---..;0:;..;3:::../:...0.=..:;.9.~.-/.=2:..:::0~0:....:4::...__at 0 Fort Detrick, Maryland This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. y~>Ur agency; USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012629Anthrax Page 1009 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b6 _.___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . 1 - - - - o\, 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 03/09/2004 Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On ,Page--=-- the aerosol preparation laboratory where the nebulizers and all glass impingers (AGI) were prepared. Roomr--1 contained the aerosol hood line. No other rooms were usEURa:for aerosol work with Anthrax in Building noted that the door between rooms c:::::J.an.dc:::J w c osea by screws put into place on the roomL::] side. said that in 1995, Ames work was done in suitec::J of Buildin at USAMRIID while renovations were being done to Building recalled Ames aerosol challenges being conducted there during that period in suite I I Ames used in the at USAMRIID. The ~~~~~~~~~~~kept chall~nges so u 1on 1s use per aerosol in the refrigerator in room ~-----T----~------~noted that if any conical tubes ~--~someone would notice, however, no one taken out of the tubes. BRUCE IVINS the conical tubes, however, the tape could be easily replaced. No agents for the aerosol challenges were kept in the walk-in cooler on the first floor of Building I At the end of the aerosol challenge approximately six (6) or seven (7) ml of B.a. would remain. The B.a. that was not used in the challenges was normally autoclaved prior to being removed from the hood. The remaining material, except for the AGis, that was used in the challenge would be placed into a bag and autoclaved at the end of the day. The AGis were sprayed with bleac~or to being removed from the hood line, and then taken to rooml__jfor plating. After the plates had been left in the incubator overnight, they would be completely covered with growth. The plates were then read in the morning following a challenge. After the plates were read, they were placed into a bag and clearly marked with what pathogen was in the bag, what strain the pathogen was, and who the investigator was. The bags would remain in room c===Juntil nearly overflowing, or until the number of bags in the room became an obstruction. The bags often sat in room for several days or weeks prior to being removed. noted thatc::Jwas fascinated with how much growth appeare on t e plates after several days or weeks. The bags were then taken to the basement to be autoclaved. The bags were placed into metal garbage cans in the basement, next to the autoclave, in case there was a leak in the bag. The animal caretakers at USAMRIID would autoclave USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012630Anthrax Page 1010 of 1446 -------------------FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ---------------------------------------------------------------- .. 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -L-----------------------------...1--- , On 0 3/0 9/2 0 0 4 , Page _..::;3_ _ the bags which contained the TSA plates of Ames and the tubes of Ames solutions. ~~~--~~~believes thatl lwould know the process for plating out the B.a. samples after an aerosol challenge. I lrecallsl !observing the entire process of the B.a. aerosol cbaJJen~es from the beginning to end. I lis not aware ofl ]having been present during the reading of the plates after the plates _were left Jn the ]rcubator overnight. I Istated that by deduction, I . would know where the post-challen e material would go to be destroyed in the basement of Building would have used the same autoclave in the basement for own work and would have noticed the bags from the Ames challenges. I I never observed ~~--~] holding any of the bags conta1n1n9 the QOSt-challenge material or carrying them out of Building!,__ ....I b7F ____ ~~~--~--~!stated that there were parking spots near the loadina doc~s in the basement and rear of Building! I I jsaid that the parking spots were close enough to the docks that bags could be removed from the building without looking suspicious. The dumpster used for trash, includin autoclaved trash, was located beside the parking area. recalled removing empty boxes through the rear of Bui 1ng without being inspected by securit . said tha video cameras locatedLL~~~~~~--------------------------------~ b7C b2 were Buildingl mostly sawl r-1----,..~~::-:::-::-=!1 had observed I lat UpAMRIID. While in the fin the area of the anim~a~l~h-o~l~d~i-n_g__ r_o_o_m_s-.--~ I I in the I Iof The sterilized water used in the aerosol challenges was provided from the Cell Culture Department at USAMRIID. Occasionally IVINS would provide the sterile water to be used in the challenge. The sterile water used was purchased from a commercial source. The water was stored in suite c::::J of Building 1425. Occasionally, IVINS may have autoclaved the water to make sterile water for the challenge. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012631Anthrax Page 1011 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of b7C L____________________________ J - - - - , On 0 3/0 9/2 0 0 4 , Page --=-- Located in roomc==]was a table-top centrifuge and a floor model centrifuge as well as an incubator: Room L__j had a table-top centrifuge and two (2) inc~bators located in it. Roome::] did not have any centrifuge or incubators. One (1) speed vacuum was located in rooml I There was a lyophilizer in area inl ~er-speed I b7F Room~wa~s~~~~~~~~=-=f~o=r~w~o~r~k~o~n~--------~ ~rom.~--------r-------,---------------------~ r---------~~T=h~e-m~aterial used by was stored in the ultra freezer in room! I Upon completion of! remaining samples were taken back to~~------~ I work, low the The animals used in different agent studies were always kept separate. Room D i n Building l l w a s used to house the animals, most~ice, to be used in Pox~enges. The a9jmaJs hqpsed in rooml__j were used in the challenges conducted by!~-------------~--~ had watched the aerosol challenges of many differentlagen,s. The . The Monkey Pox studies were done in roomr--lof Building ?Monkey Pox challenges were either aekosoi or intramuscular, but both types were conducted in suitec===J ~--~~~----~~------~~----------------~believed b7C was the type of person to for work USAMRIID even though it was against regulation. I I Irecalled I I askina ifl r I The ?post located in room ut never plated B.a. Ames. mainly used for B.a. IVINS andl were I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012632Anthrax Page 1012 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L________________J---- , On 0 3/0 9/2 0 0 4 , Page _....::::..._ _ the only scientists doing aerosol c . a. I I was the lead for a lot of work on B.a. would assist in the challenges by holding the rabbi s ges. 1 Jnoted that! !was an working on B.a. ana ma have done some cna.L.Lenges. There would somet~mes be eight (8) or ten (10) people working in the laboratory during a challenge. I lstated that I I never did any of the aerosol challenges.__~f-o-r-rl-----'-:.:...:.:.:;:;..:;~::....,1 was very "hands on" in 1992 before the department grew, however, became more ofl las staff were added. I ~stated that it would have been known if someone was growing B.a. in ~o of Building! I In the mid1980's to the late 1990's room was used as a storage room. From 1997 through 1999 room was being renova~ed to be used b2 F USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012633Anthrax Page 1013 of 1446 ,, . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L ______________ J - - , On 03 I 0 9/2 00 4 , Page-~- I I I BuJ.ldJ.ng.L...J at Jc;:AMR 1 .I!.IVery.ooay was -caKJ.no J.tems out q! I I I .ID. 1 I I equipment from USAMRIID. I I J.S unaware ofl Jtakina anv other I I hoted that during the period whe~ lwas employed at USAMRIID, an exoosure box was found to be ~~ ?~ and was never located. I f would know more details about the missin ex osure box. ~----------~~has no contacts in the state of New lJer:ey or with anyone associated to the~P~r~J.~?n~c~e~t~o~n~,~N~e~w~J~e~r~s~e~y._~a.r~ej: . ~ never mentioned New Jersey to J.S no I _ b7C USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012634Anthrax Page 1014 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L---------------_J---- , On 0 3 I 0 9 I 2 0 0 4 , Page _ _7.:...__ aware of any researchers or studies associated with New Jersey or the Princeton, New Jersey area. never mentioned to permeability study. I I I I an envelope . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ . I. has been to I :in Frederick, Maryland.~1---------~-n-e~ver mentioned~~~----------------~.1 to and! !never saw lat the I I I ~----._~r--~lnever mentioned anything about B.a. simulants to recalled going to the Department of Energy I for training in c::J or I I I saw an old scr~- evice that was shaving a block of soap t~o~m~a~k~e~a~p~o~w_d~e~r. did not attend the training, however, I land did attend the sessions. facility in I I I to~l_____________. ~'========~n~e~v~e~r mentioned being at the University of ....____~ l is vaccinated for entry into thee::] suites at ....___________~1 USAMRIID. ~----_....~~------~~is current on all of his vaccinations . I Iis not aware of 1....______.....1 having accessed any classified documents at USAMRIID. ? ? lhas never been into the area where classified documents ....a_r_e__ s_t_o_r_e_d~at USAMRIID. I lis aware that only a pencil and paper are allowed to be taken into the room and no other material is allowed to be taken out of the ~oom. I I never sawl Iat USAMRIID after employment ended. I I is not aware of! I hav-'='J.""'n=-tc=:r-o=e=e=n___. in the challenge areas afterl !departure. 1 I I recalled seeinal ...._~~~~----------~lhas I incident. never seenl 1again following this ._______...... I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012635Anthrax Page 1015 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID C<:mtinuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___.~ , On 0 3/0 9/2 0 0 4 , Page -B- should ~-----~bxpressed willingness to provide additional information to agents including any documentation thatc::Jcould find regarding his whereabouts during the anthrax letter mailings in September and October 2001. c::Jalso agreed to meet with the Assistant United States Attorney in Washington, DC. ? USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012636Anthrax Page 1016 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) ?lI o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 04/01/2004 soc ccount number telephone number was interviewed on March 31, 2004, at D place of employment at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). After being adviTed of the iJentity of the agents and the purpose of the interview,_ _provided the following information: b6 b7F I b6 Investigation on File# ___..:0~3;:..!/.....:3::...:1::..!/.....:2::..;0:::..:0:::..:4-=---at Frederick, MD Date dictated ..::.N::..~.I..::A..::.,__ _ _ _--1 by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -k4'\ SA] I SA I L_J':IV::JL..L.Wf:JU ' This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and Jts contents are not to be d1stnbuted outsJde your agency. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012637Anthrax Page 1017 of 1446 I () FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~ o ~,On 03/31/2004 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ..1.Q._ F 7egard~ng subject matter of the interview with anyone else. ]was advised by the interviewing agents I the sens~t~vity of the information ueried during the ~nterv~ew. It was requested tha~ Tnot d~scuss the USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012638Anthrax Page 1018 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 4 I 12 I 2 0 0 4 .________.I is employed at USAMRIID asl Iand in the same osition since being hired inl I and received training from USAMRIID for is vaccinated for ~e-n~t-~-y--1~n~t~o--~t~e~----------------------------------~-----, of Building!~-~ and of USAMRIID an as rece1ve t e stan ar trainin re arding proper safety precautions when working in thise areas. doe not have the training or access to enter any_ ] suite. 1 biological or chemical agent beyond what USAMRIID requires for entry in anyl I , ~ in BuildingD from . mostly works in y works in a so occas1ona y wor s 1n su1 es an~----~=---~ Bu1 1ng has worked in almost every at USAMRIID dur1ng t e course ofc::J employment. ~----------~ ~---~~has no knowledge of any research of Bacillus anthracis being conducted at USAMRIID and does not know where stocks of anv strain of anthrax are stored. wit-h I 1 I has worked I I lhas not autoclaved anything in Buildinq! has done all ofr---lautoclavinq in Buildinql 1 would autoclave! r Investigation on File# 0410712004 at Frederick 1 Maryland / ~\oO by~!/ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 I \A..A..t, Date dictated I D USAMRIID Section 15.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc 012639Anthrax Page 1019 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --L----------.....1----------, On 04/07/2 0 04 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of _....:2=--- suites, but had no knowledge of what was inside them. violated~u~s~AM~~R~I~I~D~security ldid not recall any specific individuals who protocol by improper use of their access badqes or 11 piggy backing 11 into laboratory areas of USAMRIID. [ lwas sure that this practice occurred, but had no first hand knowledge. I ~~~--~ldoes not associate withl lat USAMRIID and has nF k:owled~e of any activities surrounding any laboratory areas. _ _ _does not know what select agents are used at USAMRIID or w ere t ey are stored unless specifically indicated on the entry door of a particular "hot" suite. !believes thatc:J of Buildin contains anthrax because 1t is listed on the and stated that BRUCE IVINS and in that laboratory. thou ht worked w~i~t~h---~ anthrax and butl had no speci ormat1on. ~--------~ b7C F _J_ lhas never removed any item from a 11 hot 11 suite nor hasc==Jever been asked to do so. lhas no knowledge ..-o.!._aml:.DD.f= removing biological a ents !rom an 11 hot 11 suite. r been asked to do this on a couple of occasions whe over the weekend. I I had no knowledge of wha been on the culturesc==Jfiandled. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012640Anthrax Page 1020 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 27~A-BA-C101392 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of L----------~------- ,On 04/07/2004 ,Page -3b6 ~---~~ has never worked with and has never had any contact with the letters containing anthrax which were mailed to the NEW YORK POST, TOM BROKAW and UNITED STATES SENATORS TOM DASCHLE and PATRICK LEAHY, and does not know anyone who has. riot know anyone who has expressed anti American vlews ? e attitudes toward any individual or organization. does not know of anyone who expressed interest in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical a:ents without a specific need or responsibility to do so.l _ lhas no knowledge of anyone who would be capable of being lnvo ved in the anthrax attacks. lwas not aware of any visiting scientists who may have worked at USAMRIID. lhas never used pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the anthrax mailings and has no knowledge of anyone who does. b7C I I ~----~~lwas working at USAMRIID during the time of both anthrax mailings in September and October of 2001 and did not visit New Jersey during that time-frame. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012641Anthrax Page 1021 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) e. - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription : date of birt~: addressl L home .phone:! J was interviewed at the FBI off-site office in Freder1ck, Maryland. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, I I provided the following information: .-----~~!::::::===tlholds ~ degree from the University of rand is employed at the United ~S~t-a-t~e--s~A-r_m_y~M~e~d~ica1 Research Institute for infectious Diseases, (U$AMRIID) at Fort Detrick, Maryland. I I is I I ~-----~lin thel !Division. I in! a I lfelt very strongly that the Bio-Port r oration of Michigan had something to do with the mailings of the anthraxlaced letters. Thirty to forty years ago the Anthrax Vaccine ~------~ Absorbed (AVA) went to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for licensure. A Michigan Senator had ear-marked funds for the ?creation of a production contract for Dim ort or Bio-port in Michigan. Bio-Port began production of A in large quantities for its sole customer, the United States govern ent. The United States also shares its ~accine with other countries. Bio-Port eventually amassed several FDA production quality violations (known as 483's) and in 1999 or 2000 Bio-Portos license was suspended and they were ordered to stop production of AVA. Shortly after the anthrax-laced letters were mailed, Congress ordered the FDA to lift Bio-Portos suspension and re-issue Bio-portos production license. I I knew that BRUCE,IVINS and~l~~~~~------~ . - - - - - _ ._ _ __.~~~~lat USAMRI}D, were told to\help get Bio-Port back online for vaccine production. I !believed that someone closely involved with BioPortos financial interests may have hired someone to produce the anthrax-laced letters to specific targets in order to create a scare and the need for increased production of the AVA anthrax vaccine. This would also slow the development of a new vaccine called Recombinant Protective Antigen (RPA) which would eventually render AVA obsolete. Investigation on File# 4/15/04 ,~s~~e~~--~~,=~~----~~--~-----------------------r------------:1 at Frederick, Maryland 1 ~ 279A-WF-222936 I 279A-BA-C101392 o 1 Postal Inspector SAl I ' 'b'2. Date dictated n/a 7 1?.11/""7 J/ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. lt is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agen it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. L------------1 USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012642Anthrax Page 1022 of 1446 ,... FD-3"()2 (Rev. 10?6?95) o - 1- b6 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 03/31/2004 Social Hi h School the and From Januar H'rnm I I t-n I From I I was employed with the United States Army Me~a~~~c~a~r~R~e~s~e~a~r~c~n~Tr~n~s~t~~~t~ute o~f~----~ Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Bacteriology Division. lwas tol I I Investigation on File # by 03 004 at Fort Detrick, Maryland / to"lS 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 , \ '\5-\Date dictated s s 03/31/2004 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012643Anthrax Page 1023 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 b6 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - ,On 03/26/2004 ,Page--=--- 1~--------------------------------------~~~~n~Buildingl I and reported toc==J was al I an,_d was responsible f._o_r_j=~r-......-----...--1--~ and has never !((__ !stated that BRUCE IVINS,I lAND ~--~--~----a ~----~-~may have had expertise in weaponization techniques, spore production and lyophilizing of B.a. ~~~~~lwas not aware of any areas at USAMRIID that had problems with bacterial contamination. ~---~1? I in BJJi ldingl !stated that D prj mari 1 y used the fo1 1 owj pg areas ~------------------------------------~ I and D Building?,_--~~~r-~ does not recall ever going into the cold stated thatOnever used the hot areas in storage I doorways at dsAMR ID, howeverc==Jstated that it probably occurred. ~was not aware of anybody piggybacking through USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012644Anthrax Page 1024 of 1446 FD-3G2a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of b6 1-------- ,On ~----------------------~ 0 3 I 2 6 I 2 0 04 , Page _ _..:3::.___ stated that it would be easy to remove select agents from the hot areas because security was lax. Also,~~----~ stated that it would be easy to conceal select agents on a persons body without anyone detecting it. lwas not aware of anyone that stated they might make a select agent for use in an improper fashion. lis not aware of any persons, with hostile attitudes aga~nst the United States of America or any of its interest, that had the ability and willingness to use biological agents against the United States of America or its interest. I )is not aware of any persons that may be' a suspect or may be assoc~ated with the mailings of the anthrax letters. lis not aware of any people whoc::Jhas worked with that were lax ~n handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in.agents that could be turned into harmful agents. I I I I I ~------~lwas not aware of anyone at USAMRIID rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax biological or chemical agents or the means tFo~~~~ a specific need or responsibility to do so. of anyone who expressed a special interest around forensic techniques. ldoes not have .any connection with Trenton, New Jersey or~a-n-v-.-o~t~h~e~r aryas in New Jersey] ~ lwas in I Jif approximately_ lata conference being held by( I The t erne o n e conference wasl :oweve: I or its s~mulants I lis not aware of any work being conducted with B.a which were unofficial or not recorded. I ~ork was recorded in laboratory notebooks and r--lbelieves sa~d laboratory noteboks are maintained in the USAMRIID '---ribrary. I never purchased pre-stamped envelopes similar to the type used ~n the anthrax mailings. ~ Jdid not personally handle any of the anthraxlaced le ters Ornvelopes andc:Jdid not do any analytical work on the evidence in this case. . I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012645Anthrax Page 1025 of 1446 .. FD-302a (Rev: 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-Cl01392 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of -L-------------1--------o0n 03/26/2004 ,Page _ _4=--- with~l--~F~r~o_m_l~---~~~-t-o-~pf~:-e_s_e_n_t______ l_b_a_s_b_e_e_n__ w_o_r_k_,_?n_:~--~ is responsible for production 0t ] ~--------------------------------~ Enclosed in the lA envelope is !curriculum vitae and a disk containing a power point presentation~onl I I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012646Anthrax Page 1026 of 1446 " 'o 1 r;n-302 (R~v. 10-6-95) w 1 w FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription secur1t ccount number: address orne phone: was interviewed at place of employment, the nite edical Research Ins 1 ute for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, provided th~ following information: ? ? I I b7C has worked with studies involving! has not wor~k~e~d~1~n~b~u~1~r--a~1ng only accesse I to~~--------------------~1 certified but is certified. directl I I is worked with Bacillus anthracis (Ba) animal fr~e-e m_e~d~i~a is used. __ lhas nevel grownl a culture but understands that characterization srud:es' I may grow Delta strain Ba for I I ~------' }may have Ames strain Ba i n D freezer. ~--~~~has seen a lyophilizer inl known anyone to dry Ba. lbut has never b7E Investigation on 3 I 2 6 I 04 \.lSAtt\2.1-l.C .. at _F~r~e:_s:d~e:2r::;1~?c~k~,__:M~a~rSY(;l~a~n~d~----------f;...__.l File# 279A-222936" 279A-BA-C101392- \<\~S L--r--------------._~~al Inspector b lo"l lo Date dictated NIA b6 b7C ~~ Y----L-------------------r-------------------------------~~1_, i"l"'.....___,__ _ ___.....__...., This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012647Anthrax Page 1027 of 1446 ? FD-302a (Rlv. 10-6-95) .. 279A-222936 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~----------------------~----------?On 3/26/04 , Page --=2=--- knew that before security was tightened at USAMRIID, it would be easy to remove a select agent from the hot suites via the pass-box and airlock ?or by showering out with it. did not know of anyone who had hostile attitudes towards the government, political organizations, or the media. "'i===: I has I never seen anyone 11 piggy-back 11 at USAMRIID. I ~------~~ ~~--~~ did not know anyone with specific knowledge of the weaponization process for biological agents. ~ felt that the mailings may have been committed by someone c~associated with Bio Port (formally Dimeport) of Michigan. Bio-Port had a contract to produce the anthrax vaccine for the United States Government and other countries. Bio-port's production was suspended in 1999 or 2000 by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for quality control issues. Bio-port risked losing the government contract. After the anthrax mailings, the United States Congress ordered the FDA to withdraw the Bioports suspension so that Bio-port could again continue producing the anthrax vaccine. I felt that the anthrax-laced letters could have been produced in a home made glove-box if properly sealed. thought that to prepare the spores one might need to use acetone extraction and good filtration to get rid of any cellular debris or it would not work. USAMRIID. I I I I I ldid not see any Sterilite-type containers at recalled that an old glove box sat outside of building 1412 for awhile bu~did not know what happened to it . the books". .:~ : :1:-n--------'1 did not know of any research being conducted 11 off lhas not ever purchase pre-stamped envelopes from the Post Office or vending machines. I I. did not know! name and understood thatj 1 had ?:record of I knew of the I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012648Anthrax Page 1028 of 1446 o FJ:l-302a (Rilv. 10?6-95) 279A-222936 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L _______________________J-__________ ,On 3/26/04 , Page -3- ~~------~~did not host any foreign visiting scientists. I Team. lhas not worked with the Aeromedical Isolation ~------~!strongly believes Dim~rt or Bio Port had some involvement in the mailings of the anth x-laced 1 tters. ~is relative ~case. willing to take a polygraph examination USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012649Anthrax Page 1029 of 1446 . FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) ,, . o - 1- o b7C Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 04/06/2004 f (telephone ~~~~-------L'~?--T~h~e~interview was conducted by Supervisory Special Agen~ !of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Assistant United States Attorney Kenneth C. Kohl of the District of Columbia. After being advised of the identity of the~ interviewers and the purpose of the interview, provided the following information: erv1ewe at t e n1 e Columbia, in the presence of Attorne D I I rnr--lcurrent employment atl ~ lS a I I I land I official title is I I r I I !worked at the Inst1tute of Infectl~?o~u~s~~~==~~~ lef on USAMRIID offered greater opportunities for research in the genetics field than some of the other placesl I ~--------------------------------------------------------------~~liked Investigation on File# ----~~-------- !conducted research onl I 04 1 Ou 1 .!.004 at Washington, DC ~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID I.Q%\ Date dictated --'----------1 N /A by __ S_S_A~I____________r-1--------------------------------~ $ o. \o~X~t-r~f<...rax: \ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI.' It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. _ Jtl Vflo~ USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012650Anthrax Page 1030 of 1446 ., ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o - ; __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____,._ _ _ _ _ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 04/06/2004 ,Page _ ___ 2 Continuation ofFD-302 of the science atmosphere and the budget situation at USAMRIID. I I I chanoe af"terl I !perspective onr--lwork at USAMRIID beqan to I realized that w<;>rking After the anthrax attacks J.n 2001,1 J.n bJ.odefense had lots of l1ab1l1ty 1n aqdJ.tJ.on to health r1sks. A researcher who was mentoring someone else would have to worry about whether they were training the next "anthrax bomber 11 o It was in this project thatl lworked with Bacillus anthracis (Ba) at USAMRIID. ~~---_.----~----------~~~~~~~ geogra~hica]]y I asked BRUCE IVINS to provide a collection of diverse Ba strains for the anthrax part of the study. I !spotted the Ba strains on the media and destroyed the cultures IVINS had provided does not recall the exact number of strains used in the study ' USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012651Anthrax Page 1031 of 1446 ., FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --1-------------.......JI------ ,On 04/06/2004 ,Page _ __ _ 3 . I ass1.sted 1~::-:::=:--~~=~...---------__.1 anck.f 1.n -cne pre~] ec-c. ....__-~---. . . andl huring th~~~L-------~~~~~~~~ua~ and it was common for people to~~~-----~--~~~-~-----~ ~--~.__.1. The researchers and techn1.cians who worked in the two suites were organized as teams, and the research problems were specific to those teams. lwork area was in buildin~~--_. hnt most of the work was conducted on th I D I I movedr===Jinterests on tq lwhen Ba II properties. . .--=T::Th_e_a_e_r_o_s_o-tl studies was found not to havel conducted were withl lnot Ba . et access to buildin .....----..... the small ox USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012652Anthrax Page 1032 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of t __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ J - - - - - ,On 04/06/2004 ,Page _ _;;;4_ _ in the aerosol challenge labs and never entered the hot side of building! I I ::t:c~e:t Suite 0 to building - loall!iid '"fead to _and was met at the airlock door to_ ~_ The ec n1c1an changed clothes and entered the hot su1te. M1ce were used _exclusively for the aerosol challenges, and hamsters for IP. I !:t:, _ I~d th" Clll tl;:t:e~ iri I b'C USAMRIID. The would not have of b7C b6 ~~~----~~-~never handled any of the anthrax-laced letters 1n the case and was never in the same room as any of the letters. After looking at a copy of the US~ f~oor llans, I I thought the letters were taken toL____Jan becausec=J office was in Rooml I SubsequentlyJ ~~earned that one of the letters had been analyzed in a laboratory~~--------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012653Anthrax Page 1033 of 1446 FD-302a? (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 04/06/2004 Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___J------- ,On ,Page _ __;__ _ did not handle an of the ~-----------------~had given impossible turn-around time for the testing~o~~~e~s~w~a~s~. Each swab was solubilized in a 11 special juice 11 to lift the spores, then the juice was subsampled. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) , was conducted, followed by gamma phage confirmation and radio-immuno assays (RIA) . has not thought of anyone else, since the L.--::f""':'i_r_s-:"t-J.o:-.n-t:--e-r-v-:i_e_w_J.o:-.n-w--;-o-JhichC:] mentioned I I who might have been involved in the mailings of the anthrax-laced letters. ]was asked about several forei n visitin scientists to OsAM~IID for who .. ~~--~--~~~~-~~-~--~ ~~~-----~~ in the USAMRIID records. provided the following information about each listed in J.VJ.dual: I I I I was a I lcame to USAMRIID I I I and was vaccinated by USAMRIID. I I I lmay never have actually come to USAMRIID .._---:U:-:8::::-AM:::-:-:~R-=I-=I'=D~w-a-s--J.r-n_. negotiations with a British company to develop a way to use si nature tag mutagenesis to knock out bacterial genes. ~-r----~~ognized the nameb las the British company. If came to USAMRIID would only have given a seminar and have been granted access to any hot suites. I visited USAMRIID, but~l----------------------------------------------------------------------~~so c::Jdid not I wasl I USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012654Anthrax Page 1034 of 1446 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L-------------...J------ ,On 04/06/2004 ,Page---- have access to the hot suites. c===Jdid attend the annual glanders meeting. did'not I lwas I I with I lon the ~1--~----~~--~lwas ~~--~I never 1n ~ne su1~es unescor~ea. 1 1usea own badge (swipe card) and Pjrsonjl Identification Number (PIN) to getl I into suites and D Visiting scientists were given swipe cards which would only allow them into the,administrative areas of USAMRIID. Different badge access was needed for t,he hot suites. Thec::J hallway had its own coding. ~---~~---~1 did not recognize the names ofl ~-~------~ land thought they may have attended the glanders meeting at USAMRIID. I ldescribed?glanders as an obligate pathogen of horses which had been eliminated from the United States through quarantine procedures. Veterinarians sometimes died from it. Glanders is considered a biological weapon pathogen. I saw an article about a clandestine lab in Bethesda which w~a-s--~t-0--~ infect horses being sent overseas during World War I. 2001.1~------~lwas During the time period encompassinq September 17 and 18 1 in USAMRIIDI I ~----------~~~--------~~ldoes not recall traveling through or in New Jersey during September or October 2001. r=J andl I have no connections to New Jersey. For I I the "normal work day starts when you get there and ends when you leave". USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012655Anthrax Page 1035 of 1446 FD-302a.(Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~--------------_J------- ,On 04 I 0 6 I 2 0 04 , Page _ _7.;___ I I does not recall specific instances in whichll followed someone else through a door after they swiped their c~ r---ldoes not recall anyone else in particular following! !through a--a:'oor afterc::J swiped c=J card. But/ it was common practice for enlisted soldiers to stand aside and let officers key in. They may have piggy-backed. Officers who went into the hot suites at USAMRIID included While~------~~~~a~t ...._ ......~ ______ USAMRIID1 was the was the Deputy Commander . Tol lknowledge 1 there was never any stabilization of powdered Ba at USAMRIID. ? There could have been large numbers of agar plates in labs at a given time without sending up a red flag. Serial sacrifice experiments were frequently conducted and would require large numbers of plates. In serial sacrifice experiments/ a group of animals was exposed to a pathogen. A few animals were removed and sacrificed on a time table to determine the bacterial over time. Ten- o d1lut1ons were prepare organ. Five to seven plates were prepared per organ. They would sacrifice three to five animals per time point 1 so there were hundreds of plates per serial sacrifice experiment. I l1s not aware of any v1s1tors having hand-carried any samples into USAMRIID "under the radar". is still in touch with They did experiments together. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012656Anthrax Page 1036 of 1446 ' ,. i I. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _,____________...J------ ,On 04/06/2004 ,Page _...;;.8_ _ ~F~B~I~,~b~u~t~~--------~~a~o~e~s~n~o~t I employees r-----~r-~~~~~~~d~i~d~n~o~t~work ~~---~~advised I lnot ~==:::., have been polygraphed by the receive any real updates from anyone. closely with to work with~a-n~t~h-r_a_x_a~t~U~8~AM~R-I-I~D~ because there was a harsh political environment about anthrax. There was a feeling of "civilians against the military" because of ea ers ~p sty e ~s ~ e a wagon w ee need to know". It does not encourage networking within the workplace. The civilian scientists thought the military scientists' "intelligence was proportional to their hair lergtt"? ~----~~ldid not talk with or interact withl !because had been told about this sentiment. I was trained as al lnever dried Ba or produced spores from Ba. I? c=J ~----~~----------------~ recalled working an all-nighter early in the worked all night, and ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~a while,c:Jwas glad to remember being at The ~~~~------------~~ which should be ossession of I ~n l?work. was documented in laboratory notebooks the USAMRIID library archive or in the ~~~--~------~~------------~--~--~~~~~~was s own a pr~ntout of key card access records from USAMRIID which showed an entry at approximately 1:00 am into the hot suite chanqe room. I I what I ldoes not remember specifically wherec::Jwas or did on the Columbus Day holiday weekend, October 6-9, 2001. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012657Anthrax Page 1037 of 1446 " o 4 I FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of .........,L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. J - - - - - - , On 04/06/2 0 04 , Page _...::,9__ ~----~n October 1, 2001, there were several swipes of ,....._______...Jcard to which the system replied "invalid card". thinks this may have beenl The level of sophistication used in the anthrax-laced letter mailings would have required experiments, and I I believes someone would have been caught during such experiments. knows that Dugway prepared dried Bacillus globigii simulant, but .........- - - : - - - - - ' does not know of any other people with the knowledge of ow to weaponize anthrax. USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012658Anthrax Page 1038 of 1446 .. 'i'l ,, oo FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of ---L.--------------11------- ,On 04/06/2004 ,Page 10 will discuss withl the request for c===Jto subwjt to a ~olygraph regarding the anthrax-laced letter mailings. i~-------~jis willing to provide additional information in the future if requested to do so, but agents should contact I I I I I I lis further described as follows: Race: Sex: Date of Birth: SSN: Home address? Home telephone: -"'- USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012659Anthrax Page 1039 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted 47- b6, 48 ~ b6, 49- b6. 50- b6. 51~ b6, 52- b6, 53- b6, 54 -- b6, 56 - b6, Page(s) - 9 b7C, b7F b7C, b7F b7C, b7F b7C, b7F b7C, b7F b7C, b7F b7C, b7F b7C, b7F b7C, b7F USAMRIID Section 15.pdf 012660Anthrax Page 1040 of 1446 o' FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 3 / 0 1/2 0 0 4 ~--~~--~~Fle volun arily agreed to be interviewed 0 ice. After being advised of the of the interviewing Agents and the nature of the ~--------~~ provided the following information: 1 in I Dearee inl ofl I tol 1.1 I I graduated linl I of I I lett 1n I worKe as al I From I ll' froml I University I with al I I worked at USAMRIID trom1 I I as a1 I !worked on l I I because I I Ito I I I I I In I lbegan working fori r in the I I I I ISectinn t=lR t=ln I I In I .=~ I began work1ng for I 1 as al J .ization is I I At USAMRIID, lworked w1th Bacillus anthracis (Ba) cultures for I ~----------~1 2. At USAMRIID,._I--------~~worked with I b7C ~.----------~ I 1 .----------=;3 . !worked.__~~~--~ !named ~----::._--L......:..:..:::.::..:.:.:::.::::......; .... --:---~-:-::--=------=--'"""1 employee on is still employed at USAMRIID. of stored at -7o degrees anc grew Ba on blood auger plates. :---,-----~d~1~?d~no spore work and worked with the Ames strain of Ba. had both a freezer ( and an incubator inl !suite, never distributed Ba to any other sources, and no one else eir cultures. b6 Investigation on 2126104 Date dictated File# 279A-WF-222936by ~--~----------~ SA SA ~----------------------._----~ L__________________________ _ j - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - j 2 I 2 6I 04 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. oGI L301--- USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012661Anthrax Page 1041 of 1446 .FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~----------------------.__________ ,On 5~ 2/26/04 2 ,Page _ _ __ 4~~--------~~ has never used modified G sporulation media. !worked mostly with multi-colony cultures. ldid not work with the drying of Ba. I ldoes not know if the strains were characterized, where tAey originated, or where they were disseminated. I I is not familiar with Bruce Ivins o~ 6.1 71 I L---...J s.l lis not familiar with anyone who has expertise in weaponization techniques, sp~roduction, or lyophilizing. I !stated that whenL__Jwas at USAMRIID, was told that no one was working on weaponization techniques. D 9.1 lis unaware of any areas at USAMRIID that have problems with bacterial contamination and was never in a virology suite. ~--------------~~determined t~at 11. N/A 12 .1 lwas not aware of any piggybacking in and out of the h~o~t--a_r_e_a_s--~i~n 1412. never saw it, nor didc=:Jknow anyone who did it. was not aware of visiting sc1entists being taken into any 10. After studying thelproyided floor plans, Buildinf worked in Building ~I----~- 13.r said it would be easy to remove select agents from Ehe hot areas by either putting them in the pockets or waistband of your scrubs. Neither individuals nor their bags were searched upon exiting the area. 14 .I Isaid Owas unaware of anyone who said they might make a select agent for use in some improper fashion. 15. lwas not aware of any persons with the access and the abil1ty to create dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organizations, the media, or others. 16 .I I is not aware of anyone D believes to be a suspect or associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters. I I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012662Anthrax Page 1042 of 1446 .... ' .FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 2/26/04 3 Continuation ofFD-302 of ,On --~----------------------j---------- , Page ,...----- 17.1 ldid not work with anyone whoml considered lax in handling dangerous items. ~--~ 18.1 lwas not aware of anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or other biological or chemical agents. 19 .1 I saidl lwould sporalate and liafolize or mill a Ba sample than mail it~.--~ 20.1 lis not aware of anyone who expressed a special interest ln belng able to get around forensic techniques. 21J with New Jersey. lhas no personal or professional association 22. Neitherl no:ri Iassociates traveled to New Jersey in September or October of 2001. I I was inl .___________.I during that time period. ....__ _ _ ____. 23J did not see any SOPs for decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets while at USAMRIID. verology areas. I I 24.~1~------___.lwas not aware of any fumigation in the 25. N/A ~ said tha!=C::] had frequently used plastic 26 storage contai~n-e_r_s-,~b-u~t thatc==Jdid not purchase them, nor does Q ~now who did. I I never noticed any ofc:=J storage boxes mlSSlng. with Ba unofficially. 2 7 . ~I--:--~-....... is not aware of any work that was conducted .I 28.1 I work was recorded in three-ring binders, not lab books~1--~~-a-s_s_u...... mes those binders are still somewhere at USAMRIID. 29J~_ _ _ ____.Inever purchased pre-stamped envelopes. 30.1 ldid not use the vending machines in Frederick to purchase pre-stamped envelopes. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012663Anthrax Page 1043 of 1446 oFD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~=======================--------oOn2/26/04 , Page 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 4 --.:==--- 31.1 ldid not personally handle any of the anthrax-laced letters or envelopes. 32.1 ldid not do any analytical work on the evidence in tn~s case. media coverage aboutl 2-24 comments about areas with Ba. N/A 1.~ 1=--=~=:-r-...a.l....:;d:..=i~dI not kn~ I Iprior ~------------~ to the 25.~~--------~lis I not aware of anyone who has made lor about having given access to certain D 26.1 lhad no additional information regarding the anthrax letter mailings. FOREIGN VISITING SCIENTISTS visiting scientists. 2-13 N/A 1.~~--~----~lnever had any dealings with any foreign 1. I N/A Iwas not a n D member. 2-11 When asked ifl lhad any additional information to provide regarding this investigation, stated no. D USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012664Anthrax Page 1044 of 1446 .:1?: FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 02/20/2004 n on Februar After being advised identities of the interviewing agents and the nature of the interview! !provided the following information: ~------~1 r~e~c~e~1~?v-e~d~hisLr---~J~1~n~I~---------Tia~tr-I------,I~U~n~1~v-e~r~s~ity. b7C I is I I dissertation was onl 1 work1ng onl I L.~~~~~--~~~~~~land lwork 1ncluded I aerosol challenges administered in ~u1.t.a1ng1 1 at tne united States Army Medical Research Institute of Infect1aus Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. The tests that I I conducted at USAMRIID were I I I ] and were approved by . . _________. I I I . . - I- - - ' lworked withl --'-""'T(-a-nd-=--r-ll,_;,;,.;;;.~~I at USAMRI I~. I 1\and.l performe the aerosol cha!lenges in bui.L01nq I r and Bo~n for 1 1believes that I I left I were1 1 and I ~ I WO~Ked I Iwhen ~--------------------~1?--~T~~h~Ee~v~eterlnary caretakers I who now works atf I 1 I I ~-----------------~1 I was the other pr1mary 1nvest1gator worK1ng w~trr ~~--------------~lwould assistj I withJ~--------------------~ Investigation on File# by 0 2 I 2 0 I 04 at JL--~:oa:---------------T"':"'T"'I:"--_J----------/ L<J'\ 1 279A-WF-22293 6-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 I t'\ C 6 Date dictated I c:::P4051l.wpd I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012665Anthrax Page 1045 of 1446 o J. o o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 1 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~-----------------------L---------?~ 02/18/04 ,Page---- 2 b6 I !recalled that aerosol challenges were run on a random schedule, but usually every two (2) to three (3) weeks. ~--~with members of BRUCE IVINS' grou working on Bacillus anthracis (B.a.).~-~~~~--~-~~~~-~----------~ Tyvex suits were required for entry into Room~--~~----~----~--~ I I IVINS' group would come 1n after he had left. He knew that they were there from the mess of blood, papers, samples, and bottles left around the lab. 1 1 recalled that the bottles used by IVINS' qroup were poorly labeled. 1 ~-----......1 I did not recall whether Ames was one of the strains. stored live bacteria in room and tqqk USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012666Anthrax Page 1046 of 1446 o J., '? FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of I I ,On 02/18/04 ,Page 3 b7C ~~~~------~~--~~~----~~--~ lis unaware of what else was in the freezer during that period. I lwas immunized in I I at USAMRIID. was contacted to haveD boosters uP<ra:'ted, however them done. ~------~---------~~d~i~d~n~o~t~k~n~ow w~ol ~----------------------------~land! ,D never InL-1--~=---=--. . . had b7C 1 stated that it was common knowledge that thec===J code on tbe su~te doors would grant access in Building! I at USAMRIID. It was noted that doors that :hould have b~closed and locked were often propped open. Rooms I _ I and L_j were coded with the same access numbers. Rooml as used for storage while ~------~fas at USAMRIID. r I have was prior to never interacted. b7C I b2 b7F never used the cooler in roomc==] of Building 1412 at U~SAM~=R~I~r=o-.~~~~~~did use the walk-in cooler on the first floor of Building whereOplates and consumable material were stored. Ldid not work with anyone from thel department at OSAMRIID. ~--------~ pathogen~c mater~al. I I I is not aware of any weaponization procedures for I lnever saw a lyophilizer or freeze dryer in Building 1412 at USAMRIID. ~--~~--~~ is unaware of anyone who attempted to gain access to pathogenic material without reason or need. past. I Inoted that it is a routine and common activity. lhas used a lyophilizer in the past to freeze bacterial ~solates for storage. I ~~------r-. . .1 has dried clinical isolates from patients in the ~------__.I has used a fermentor to grow vaccine candidates in glycerol and glucose. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012667Anthrax r Page 1047 of 1446 .. o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6?95) . . o 4 ,Page _ _ __ b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --========================---------'On 02/18/04 ~--------._--------~~~i~s~awary that there is ~----~--------~------~l_,a.ndl s a. atl 1 .has th.~e~~----~~~s~t-r-a~i~n--o-f~~ B.a., however, ~I--------~lis not aware if there are any other strains at the facility. ~--------~----~~ does not know any member of the I ~---------------~lat USAMRIID. ~--------~ USAMRIID~.~~------~~Inever saw any foreign visitors in Building! at USAMRIID. anthrax ~ailings ~---~ I I had no foreign visitors while working at I lis unaware of anyone who could have done the of 2001. b7C ~------~lread the Canadian study regarding Bacillus globigii dispersat yia the mail system prior to the Anthrax mailings of 2001. _ could not recall i:EO had read the study on the internet or throug~ ~ad reaa the study as part ofl I s ~--~--___. noted that as Secret. has never done any work that was classified I ldoes not believe the assumption that the anthrax used in the ma~l~ngs of 2001 came from USAMRIID. I !noted that sinc~never saw a lyophilizer and no one had any weaponizat~on knowledge at USAMRIID,? that USAMRIID was not the source of the material. I I believes that Anthrax is not a practical pathogen to use for an attack since too much material is needed for an effective attack, however, it is a good choice for long term storage. Anthrax is a good choice of material to use if distribution is going to be via powder. I ~elieves that the people who perpetrated the anthrax mailings d~ed ~n the September 11, 2001 attacks.! r~~lled the report of a cutaneous exposure to anthrax and MOHAM~,ATTA's access to crop dusters. I !would not have thought that sending anthrax through the I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012668Anthrax Page 1048 of 1446 f oo ' ' '' o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o r 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 02/18/04 5 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~------------------------L--------- ,On , Page --.:.==--- mail would be so effective since it is such a low tech use for'the pathogen. I !believes that there would have been subsequent incidents of anthrax if the people responsible had not either died or ran out of material to use. L I recalled the 1996 or ?1997 incident at the Israeli Embassy where a petri dish was found. I I noted that a possible motivation for the attacks could have been for increased research funding. noted thatc==]would use Bounce fabric softner to remove the static charge from the powder. American 1soiate. !indicated on a~RIID floor plan of Buildin where the refrigerators thatL--Jutilized were on the ~r and where the refrigefator 1n room I ,. _A copy of the?i.....:J::""T"":o::-::o::-::r::::-::p=-ra=:n=--::::w~1"C""':::---------J I I markings w1ll be maintained in the 1A section of the file along with the notes of this interview. I I I ldoes not believe that the material was from an r---l I b7C USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012669Anthrax Page 1049 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/2 9 /2 0 04 provided the worked at lhas done no personal work with Bacillus anthracis (Ba); however! lin the I !Division at USAMRIID who work-with Ba. I ~--~--~~lhas not had any projects that dealt witl Ba and has never used the modified G sporulation media. stated that no drying of Ba work is conducted at USAMRilD . I . identified Dr. BRUCE IVINS, and las persons who have some expertise in weaponization ~t~e-c-h~n-1-q~ues, spore production and lyophilizing of Ba. ._____---II I I ~------~~~recalled one incident after 09/11/2001, where bacterial contamination occurred in the hallway of USAMRIID which was the only incident thatc::Jcould recall outside of the containment suites. Other incidents occur within the containment suites on occasion, which are understandable because the containment suites are assumed to be contaminated. ~~----~--~~identified buildings and ndc===J containment suites as areas roytinelJ used b~r-~~----------~has used the hot areas of building however, has not used room Investigation on File# 01/2 2/2 0 04 at? --.:=--=-F-=t-=-?--=D:..::e~t::.:r:::..:l::..;'C::.:k:.::.L..-:=-:M~D:...._____________ 279-WF-222936 -USAMRIID~ 279A-BA-C101392" "1~'"\ \ '\~<t Date dictated 01/29/2004 byiL__________JI-=P~o~s~t~a~l~I~n~s~pe~c~t~o~r~;I~------------~~~P~o~s~t~a~l~I~n~s~p,e~c~t~o~r~--~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012670Anthrax Page 1050 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) o L...-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o b6 279-WF-222936-USAMRIIDr 279A-BA-C101392 01/22/2004 _....;,2__ Continuation ofFD-302 of - L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - ,On ,Page ~--------------~ldoesn't know anyone who uses roomc==J and doesn't know what is stored there. ___.lstated people did "piggy-back" in and out of the hot areas of USAMRIID and stated visiting scientists were taken into the hot areas of USAMRIID by researchers. ~-~~-~~stated there are many many ways someone could remove Select Agents from the hot areas of USAMRIID covertly. I I said it would not be a difficult task. I Jsaid hypothetically/ someone could procure culture plates through the pass box or shower roomr could take impure cultures or a person could auto-innoculate themselves and place a culture under their fingernails, in their nose and etc. I ldid not know anyone who said they would use or make Select Agents improperly. I Jknew of no one whomc::Jbelieved to be associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters. 1 1 ~....:--------'1 advised that there were lwhol:-1~-.....1 worked with on occasion who were lax in han~ling dangerous items (no names recalled) but they were dealt with in-house by retraining. I lknew of no one who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other dangerous agents. advised i~was to prepare Ba to send through the mail it definitely wouldn't be done in the institute. I lsaid the drying of the Ba would be the hardest part of the process. First, one would need to build themselves a lab, grow the cultures, get a lyophilizer or drying equipment such as a spray dryer to make it aerosolize and add compounds to refine the powder. I I advised the person would have to have a fairly reasonable biologlcal background and experience. In the labr one would have to drape everything in plastic and use a HEPA filter as well as internal pressure of the lab so that the neighbors wouldn't get sick. I I doesn't know anyone who would construct such a lab. r ~--~~--___.lis not aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in having the ability to get around forensic techniques. ~~----_......1~~~~~~~~~--~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012671Anthrax Page 1051 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,On 279-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 01/22/2004 ,Page _ _3;;..___ Continuation ofFD-302 of _....__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . . . . I L - - - - - - - - location. I I sated neitherr--lhor any ofc===Jassociates traveled to New Jersey in Septembe~-October of 2001. ~----~1 bdvised there are SOPos for decontamination of .__-~~----~~ and I lbiosafety cabinets A Iadvised I I couldnot recall them, but stated they can be can be retrieved online.! I saidc::Jhas smelled bacterial decontamination chemicals in the virology suites. I lstated air-locked suites are deconned morthlr with either paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. Suite was deconned in 2001 for renovation purposes;! !advised facilities engineering would have the exact dates . b7c ...._-~--~~ statedc=] has never used plastic storage containers such as sterilite boxes for storage ofc:::Jmaterials. I lsaid small plastic boxes are used by some researchers for the storing of samples in freezers but none the size of a sterilite box.l lhas never noticed any missing containers and has no knowledge of purchase dates. b7c I I is not aware unofficial or unrecorded work with Ba inf ldi vision said not all ofl Iwork is located in notebooks; some of data is captured electronically and was not recorded in lab notebooks. I !said researchers ke:~ official notes but not always in official notebooks. I __ !advised somec==Jresearch is located in the library at us RIID . .______. .I advisedc:::J has never purchased pre-stamped envelopes like those in the anthrax mailings ~or I I or anyone else . .____...,..___...,..._ _.I stated I I Dr. Bruce Ivins and two technicians (names unknown) were present when b7C other never b7C I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012672Anthrax Page 1052 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o b7C 279-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - , On 01/22/2 0 04 , Page _ __ _ 4 ~--~1 I I statedD has never hosted foreign visiting scientists and has never been a member of thel ~------------------~ lsaid~has a small problem with submitting to a polygraph exam1nation.~ ~ta:ed the ~!ygraph is being used opposite of what it 1s 1ntended. I advised asking questions relating to what a person di: when t:ey were 15 rears old has no significance to the case at hand.l !stated I wouldn't mind taking the polygraph but has problems on how it is being administered at this time. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012673Anthrax Page 1053 of 1446 ,, . FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b6 Date of transcription 04 I 0 8 I 2 0 04 ~~----~~----~~-----------,~' date of birth~l~~----~ social security employed at the United States Army Medical Research Institute o Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), was interviewed on I L After being advised of th~ti ty of the interviewing agents and the nature of the interview,L____Jprovided the following information: antifoam was used when aerosol challen es Investigation on File# 0410712004 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -113 SSAI I by I SAl 1.wpa I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012674Anthrax Page 1054 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-~5) o o 04/0 7 /2 0 04 , Page _ _:2::!..-_ In 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - l l . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . J - - - - - - , On ~--~lsaid that the same AGis have been used for at least the past ten (10) years. Recently the AGis have been modified to use a screw top instead of a push on?top. The material that was collected in the AGI would be maintained for several days or longer following a challenge. Small amounts of the antifoam were aliquoted into tubes. previous years/ larger tubes were used which caused excess waste. l ~--------------------~~----------------------------~ spores are very resilient. J noted that Anthrax I ._1_---::-oo~lsaid thatOwould assume that knew the process of using antifoam as part of the aeL..r_o_s_o-:;-l-c-::-h-a-:::l-:::l-e-n-lo-~e-s----1. I ~~ lis unaware of any antifoam stock ever reported missing. I I I olive oil was used for ch~llenges involving toxin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WL~~~~~~~~O) as not seen a 011 1~----------------~~lin the past olive oil was used for aerosol at USAMRIID since the early 1990's. assays~i-f o_l--iv~e oil or antifoam are used during the aerosol challenge. __ lstated that there is no difference in the post challenge USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012675Anthrax Page 1055 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ---1--------------.t----- ,On 04/0 7 /2 004 , Page _...::3:::..___ ~h~ll~nn~ b7C F The concentration of anthrax used in the aer~Q~l deoended on the desired oost-challenqe concentration. I I For a long period, only the material Erovided by Dugway was utilized in the aerosol challenges at USAMRIID.( lstated that BRUCE IVINS wanted to do the plating of the material of his challenges personallyJ lsaid that IVINS would plate 0.1 or 0.2 ml of material. jnd that the amount plated differed for each PI. IVINS and I _grew material used in the challenges. !--...,.------,.....__.1 IVINS and I lwere always present fori !studies invol~v~i~n---a-e_r_o_s_o~l-c~h-a~llenges. ~~~---~ I I 1? any logs 1ndicated that was the PI it was IVINS that was handling the aerosol challenge for also USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012676Anthrax Page 1056 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936.-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _.......__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __.___ _ _ _ _ ,On 04/07/2004 ,Page _ _ 4=--- said thatl lwas not around for any of the aerosol challenges related t~ studies. lnever saw the post challenge plates after they had been placed into the autoclave bags for disposal. I . I I there are unofficial and also possibly official procedures for anthrax aerosol dhallenges.~l----------~~----~ IVINS would have a copy of the procedure, as well as a protocol for anthrax aerosol preparation.! I there are general Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for equipment usage and maintenance. ~----~--~~~ stated that the systems used in the aerosol challenge process have been updated with newer, automated, computer based systems. As an examplel lthe flow meters are now electronic instead of manual. Some of the modifications to the units over the past several years have been based on system maintenance, however, other modifications have involved complete component replacements. Upgrades made to the equipment were not noted in a log. ~-~~---~~maintenance logs were maintained for filters, tubing, and glove replacements. The maintenance logs were not kept with the intention of historical documentation. The hood lines present in the laboratory now are the same ones present since the early 1990's. On the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) website, interviewing agents should be able to locate a presentation given at an aerosol workshop. The presentation was given in December of 2003. The presentation should have photographs of the equipment used in the aerosol challenges. I , I Bard 7 Jus anthracis (Ba) Ames challenges are still conducted at USAMRIID. [ I one non-human primate is going to be exposed to Ba Ames around May 1, 2004. The PI for the study isl I IVINS will provide the Ba Ames for the challenge. I I there will be an aerosol challenge of Ba Arne~ involving mice at the end of April 2004. The PI for the study is I I Both of the upcoming challenges will take place in room of BuJ.ldJ.ng?~:=::::::I I _ _ ____, b7C ~~~------~~the aerosol technicians listed on the Aerosol Challenge Log sheets were the people actually running the challenge. I lif rabbits were utilized in the challenge, another ifdividual would need to be involved to hold the animal. I I _there were always people around observing the challenge~s-,--~ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012677Anthrax Page 1057 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o lidentifiedl o , Page _ _,5:::.___ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of _.......__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _....__ _ _ _ _ , On 0 4 I 0 7 /2 0 04 however/ not many people were hands-on with administering the challenges. I las a former ae. ,:::; ll h:::.l'""hni l'""i ;:m I lwas asked by the interviewing agents to provide~a~n~v~--~ prot:cols or other documentation for Ba Ames challenges run inl ~--~J~--------~~would require the protocol number of ot~n--e----~ study in order to provide the information. I lthe material from in thel I period would have' been aerosolized using the old nebulizers and that none of the remaining material in the nebulizers would have been re-mixed back into any anthrax stock. The material that was collected in the AGI would have been poured into a sterile tube. I lthe Anthrax used in the challenge would have been prov2ded by IVINS. I lprovided the interviewing ag~ two (2) green Aerosol Log Books. One of books is labeled and the other is labeled as L I roomc=J Aerosol Log Boo I Ia print out of the model and price of Antifoam A Emulsion that is purchased for the aerosol challenges. of an unre istered and una roved SOP titled he SOP is based on an older-unofficial procedure developed with IVINS. IVINS should be able to provide a copy of the older procedure. 11 o lthe FD-597 The two (2) log books/ the SOP provided! for the books collected/ the antifoam product informat2on 1 and the interview notes will be maintained in a lA envelope. During this ?interview 1 ladvised by SSA that the agents may want to obtain Ames samples from various stages of a future Ames aerosol challenge and may want to secure them in the 1 I I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012678Anthrax ,J Page 1058 of 1446 .' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 04/07/2004 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - ,On -6-- aerosol challenge laboratory at room temperature. I !willing to assist when needed. I I told thatl I may be asked in the future to produce spore preparations and use the challenge was the late 1990's for some challen USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012679Anthrax Page 1059 of 1446 . .. ~ FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) . o I On March 1 dat~=> nf hi _rt-hl .; - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION / Date of transcription 04 I 01 I 2 0 04__ 2004 I I. rll I social security number I te~eohone 1 .:=Jr:e of birtll I emnl nvF>ci .:=JS address of ""- r I 1 I lmJhl~ng_ A ., 1 I r I r-----------~~~~._--------------~hw~a~s=-~~=n~ce~r=v~~~ewed at the offices of thel I I I was advised of the. identity of the interviewing Agent and the nature of the interview. ~~--------~~voluntarily provided the following information: .-----------....,In received I I degree in lfrom the Universitv of I I In 1 lfeceived ~~~------,-----~~?---------~~~~lf~r~o~m~~t~h~e~Univers~ty of~--~~--~ In I I received! I in I I from the University of ~~----------------------~~~I~n~.l~----~1-;rece~ved al !degree in !College inl I ~--------~--~=====l=a=r=r=j=J=rF>=d~-a-t-1~--~r====l=;=n================~:--~~ I I I work specialty is I L or the study of at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (AMRIID) froml Ito I I I !does not have first hand exper~ence work~~~?n_g w~i~t~h~bacillus __ anthracis (BA), however the division inl 1 I I I Investigation on -~--~------- 03 0 04 at ~------------------~~----~---------- File# 279A-WF-222936-IL711nl e liD -'1'2..3 Date dictated Not dictated ~ Legatl I. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012680Anthrax Page 1060 of 1446 .. . 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6:95) oo I : o , Page __....:2=---- 279A-WF-222936, Continuation ofFD-302 of --~-------------------r--------------'On 03/0l/04 I AMRTIR contracted and is now called r-1------------------.1 is a partnership between! and the British firm of land other companies. L-------1 Division~~V~1-r-o-r~o-g~y~D~1vision, and Diagnostic Systems Division. withl~----------~~--~--~--------~----~~1 J who made an anthrax vaccine. lended up going private I, at AMRIID there were also the Bacteriology ~b~a~c~t~e-~r1~a~~agents. Toxicology section worked with by-products of The Aerobiology section worked on aerosol delivery systems for all agents, including BA. This section worked with both BA spores and vegetative cells. BA was never made at Any BA received ha~ logged. I I never personally handled any BA. Thel____j received BA from thel I Division. _ I the I I There were contractors who worked at the laboratory representing several companies. companies as having contractors '~1~~-,~--r-------------------~,---~~T~h~e~first two letters of stand for~~----------~~----~1 I !could not recall the~~~ name of the company. There may have been other companies represented as well at AMRIID butl !could not recall their names. I I had a contract to produce aA for the Bacteriology Division. was the ~----~====================~ worked for 1: on developing a ~acc;?;e for BA. was a at AMRIID. ~id not 9row any BA at~AM~R~r=rD=-.~------~d~i~d~n-o~t~work with BA 1tse .1 Jworked on th for BA, but the Bacteriology D1vision would be respons1 ~ctually exposing animals in experiments. ~----~ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012681Anthrax Page 1061 of 1446 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o . ~ : o b7C 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~-------------'On 03/01/04 ~--------------------~ , Page _ _:=;__ _ becomina froml Ito I I andl during those times. I I lr-------~~w~a2 ~a~l----------~~lat AMRIID prior ~t~o----~ s 1worKed as a I I I to I I d~d not work w~th 13A Iworked w~ th I I I respons~ For an individual to access a storage freezer it would require security card access and a key. If a. person had a small sample of BA and if he knew what he was doing he could grow more BA from the sample. ? division ever receiving any powdered anthrax division did not maintain any stocks of BA, but ~i.:.:n:&.1-----....------------ll In addition! I !would potentially have ~--;::::::::::_______, ~------------------~----~~----------------~--~~~~individuals A lot of people at AMRIID had potential access to BA, primarily access to BA. I and D staff in I !had QO direct workings with colony culture techniques.! ]division did no work on the drying of BA. Individuals inl !division would have had the capability of drying small amounts of BA. I I in the past had worked on drying toxins.J jis not aware of anyone inr==J drying BA. The Bacteriology D~v~s~on may have dried BA bu~ j has no information regarding this. I !division never Cl.id any experiments with dry powder. Bruce Ivins (Ivins) worked in Bacteriology. never worked directly with Ivins or socialized with h~~m~.~~------_.--~ I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012682Anthrax Page 1062 of 1446 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~--------------------~ o b7C: 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 1---------'0n 03/01/04 , Page _ _4=--- ~~~--.-~s as a professional acquaintance who w.~o~r~k~e~d~~~------~--~ Ivins was a nice person. Ivins was~~--------------~1' worked in ~------~--~--~------~)~was a~~--~------~~a~t~AMRIID who only meU ~recently now work at ~I____________.J! to grow BA reduction at AMRIID. ~------------------------~ ~~~------------~~~~~~----~~~~~~-------------Jis a~~------~ Lyophilizing is a common technique for small quantity samples. I I does not know anyone who would be capable of handling a large :uantity. I ] tech~n~1.,.., an~s~w-:::o-:-u:""'l-:?d'~""'""~fi-a~v-e~t~hl":""":'"e-...J [ _ I Many lab has! c-:-.,..1?~ Knowledge to lyop 1l1ze. In I ~~~------~----~~~-.----------~~~~~~~~~1 ~ow to grow I traveled tal Iwith! I ~---~!does not know of any individuals who would be capable of creating anthrax powder and mailing it. ldoes not think it would be possible to create the powder in a garage or basement because it would be too dangerous. The person who created anthrax powder would most likely be immunized against anthrax. I !advised th~t the companies Dugway and Battell may be capable of producing powdered anthrax. It is possible that someone could create the source of the anthrax if they had access to bulk quantities of the reagent, but it would be very difficult. I ldoes not believe that the individual who manufactured the powdered anthrax acted on their own. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012683Anthrax Page 1063 of 1446 l~D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o : o 0 3/01/04 ,Page _ 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~-----------___.1-------:....-- ,On _:5:::....__ ~n approximately I I or o f l l after the anthrax mailings, samples were taken at AMRIID lo~for anthrax. 11 Hotspotr II were found in building I I on thel I floor in the I ~suites which were controlled access areas. I , I could not reca 1 specifically which areas were hotspots. I rwas I and circled shown the map titled 11 lst Floor Plan Facility No ?I the areas whic~believed were identified as hotspots. I advised rlbest guess was that the hotspots were in an area of the freezer,~everl information is second hand. b2 F I I Shortly beforel I arrived at AMRIID in~~----~ anthrax spores were found in the HEPA filtration in hoods where they performed aerosol exposure. These hoods were located in building! l butl l could not recall specifically where. The spores were found during a routine safety test. It is possible that cultures of anthrax could be developed from spores found in this manner. was in charge of the I I at AMRIID, however any samples taken would have been handled by people from the Bacteriology Division. I lwould not have the capability to test for BA spores. office was on of buildin b7C b7C not have access to most areas in lhad access ~a the :o:rpot areas and had access J.ncluding BA. J __. had access to roomc=J but went in the room. I I a no access to the areas ?~~~~~~~~~~~w~e~r~e~s~t~o~r~e~d, nor didc::Jhave access to ?the ,-,: card did not allowrl access to ~-------------~-------L~ but it would have-Eeen ~p~o~s~s~i~b~l~~~~~-~~t~o~a~c~c~e~s~s~t~e~a~r~e~a~s~in the company of someone wno did have i.e. for inventory purposes. Room Owas used by I and to store exposure material. I lnevef ob~erved anyone go in this room. I ldid not know specJ.fically what was stored in this room. fairly certain that I agents, I I I I I does 11 not know of specific instances but is piggybacking 11 into restricted access areas USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012684Anthrax Page 1064 of 1446 PD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o .? o I 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------------j---------------'On 03/0l/04 , Page __......:6:::___ occurred on occasion. The issue would come up at staff meetings and the staff would have to be reminded that 11 piggybacking 11 was not allowed. Visiting scientists were allowed into some areas of AMRIID with escort. I !does not believe th~t these scientists were allowed access toc::J areas. Access was further limited depending on the individual's level of vaccination. I ldoes not have any specific recollection of a particular visiting scientist and their access. Most of the visitingr---------~ scientists would have been coordinated by I I or .....~ L - 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ If someone had access to an area which housed select agents, it would not be difficult to remove these agents. At that time there were no controls in place of what physically went in and out of these areas. There was a rumor that someone had removed a toxin agent, butl ldid not have any details regarding the rumor. ~------~lis not aware of anyone who said they might make a select agent for use in some improper fashion. I lis not aware of any individual who had the access and ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward anv oolitical organization, t-.he mec1ia or others. I I ldoes not suspect any personr-lknows of comm1tt1ng or be1ng associated with the mailin~f the anth~ax letters. . .I I I is not aware of anyone at AMRIID who was lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents. ~--------~lis not aware of anyone who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012685Anthrax Page 1065 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I oo , Page _ _ 7!,....__ 1 1 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~-----------_J--------- , On 03/01/04 I advised that in order to prepare dried BA a person would need to grow a large quantity of spores isolate them freeze dry them/ then mill the spores in a tumbler with BBs. The difficult part.would be to maintain viable spores and milling them into a powder. The milling process would be very dangerous for reasons of exposure. The powdered anthrax would have to be placed in an envelope in a contained area. There is no guarantee that an anthrax vaccine would protect a person from this kind of potentially heavy exposure. ~--~~--~~ is not aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques. ~-~!associates have a personal or professional association with ~-~---~-~~lremembered Neither or to the best ofc===Jknowledge any of Trenton, New Jersey 1 Princeton or other areas of New Jersey. that there may have been some contract work associated with AMRIID at Princeton/ New Jersey 1 butl could not recall any specifics. ~--------~ ()r"- .t. r 2001. I 1~--~-~~d~i~d~n.ot travel to New Jersey during September or lwas at AMRIID during that time except for 1 I ~----~-~----~------~-~ldid not recall tak1ng any I other trips. I I does not recall any of c:::J associates traveling to New Jersey in September or October 2001. I I is aware of the existence of SOPs for decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets. Most of the SOPs center around the use of an approximate five percent bleach solution to clean after the use of any agent. In addition there are ultraviolet lights which should be turned on to kill potential agents. The SOPs are in a written document and are fairly simple in nature. Paraformaldehyde was usually used for fumigation if there had been a study conducte~ using replicating agentp like anthrax. To the best of Jknowledge, glutaraldehyde was used for tissue sample preservat1on and not decontamination. I I I has smelled ~b::-::a:-::c::"'!t=-:e~r~o::-=:"1a..,.I------___. decontamination agents many times in the virology suites. If a decontamination was performed the chemicals could be smelled. I _ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012686Anthrax Page 1066 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I ,o o 03/01/04 ,Page_....;;;;.._ _ 279A-WF-222936 L_________________~r--------------'On Continuation ofFD-302 of I is not sure what a sterilite plastic box is and does notbelleve they were used for storage at AMRIID. I lis not aware of any work conducted with BA or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded. When I Iworked in the lab work was recorded in notebooks. Duringl I tenure as~l~----~~--~~1 did not perform any lab work and therefore did not use lab notebooks. lnever pre-stamped envelopes like the forl__j or for ~o;.; .n; .;e; .;s;. . . .;u; ;.;s; .was;.;;e Ln not mailingspurc~down use any suchanyone else . the aware of the storage of envelopes. D .________.I I !never used any of the vending machines in Frederick to purchase pre-stamped envelopes. . I lnever personally'handled any of the anthraxlaced letters or envelopes. 2 :~~~-----~-division. n! division. 2 No ~nalytical work was performed on the anthrax letters Some of the letters were contained however not know ~~~~~~~~~--------~~~~~~-r-~~~~~-~o~oked did not like. because I .___ ____,I al~-t-=-h-o_u_g-=-h--n~ot office of Sometimes ~-----~ timesc:J was not. were have and ~---~~~--~~~was asked about the visitors wherel I I Ias well as any other visitorsD could recaL..,l,....,l....-.r-~-----..a,l recalled the following visitors: could not recall anything about the name~~---~ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012687Anthrax Page 1067 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o scientist. then. .? o b7C 279A-WF-222936 ~-------------'On 03/0l/04 Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page ---'9"'------ In approximately November 2001, sevenl lscienti$tS visited AMRIID, butl !could not recall their names. ~------~1 re~ed talking to a not believel_jever visited AMRIID. I Ibut ldoes not know and does ~--------------~!visited AMRIID for a meeting on biological warfare agents. I whetherc::J toured the AMRIID lab. I does ;::=.=======., I lwas a contractor at AMRIID. c==J I I toured the lab and was accompanied by~~--------~ not recall if ever visited AMRIID. I 1 Iwas brought into the lab by I jwqs a contractor for AMRIID. ~~----------~1 recalled meeting! I .__________......~lhas no recollection regarding! worked at AMRIID .___-;:::::==::;--___,J for~~---------......1 allowed access to the AMRIID lab. .__--------~--------~~----------------------~were not advised!! calender may have notes regarding forei n visitors,? but it w5u:'rcf take c=Jsome time to look through them. advised c:::J would rev1ewc:::J calenders and contact reporEJ.ng gen There would be very little if any visitors who were at AMRIID in regards to BA. I I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012688Anthrax Page 1068 of 1446 fD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 1 .? .. o 0 3 I 01 I 04 ,Page 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L---------------ll--------- , On 10 No visiting scientist would have been given access to any hot suites or any location where liver virulent BA was stored or utilized unless they were a contractor hired for such work. To the best ofL.~--------~~ knowledge no visitor was ever left alone in a lab. Most of the principal investigators at AMRIID approximately 37 assisted with foreign visitors. A log was maintained of visitors as well as their escort at the security office. 1 1 ~~--------~~~is not aware of any BA being provided 1 but advised that Outside scientists would request samples from AMRIID. L.~~~~~~~ andl lmay have received sample strains of botulism. Any samples provided would have been recorded in"the security office. 1 is not aware of any instances where a visitor had the opportun~ty to remove a sample from AMRIID without being detected. I ~-~-~~lis not aware of any visitors having a particular interest in BA. Many visitors had an interest in weaponization techniques as this was a common topic. Protective measures against toxins were also discussed. Visiting scientists who were assigned to AMRIID as well as post doctoral students at AMRIID would have had access to lypholizers as they were commop equipment. Any visiting scientist who worked at AMRIID would have had to receive clearances. The security office should have a comprehensive list of visiting scientists who worked at AMRIID. Most visiting foreign scientists would not have had access to BA. !division would know which foreign scientists had access. I L------~lnever observed any foreign visitors in possession of pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the mailings. lis not aware of any of the visitors asking about locations in Frederick where they could purchase stamped envelopes for personal use. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012689Anthrax Page 1069 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I ~------~~was .. .. o ,Page ~ 279A-WF 222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of r--------------'On 03/01/04 ~------------------~ is not aware of any visitor showing antiAmerican sentlment during their visit. not a member of . the~----------------------~ !advised that individuals at~----------------~ would have a better opportunity to manufacture powdered BA. Individuals at AMRIID did not have access to the materials required which would make it very difficult to manufacture. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012690Anthrax Page 1070 of 1446 '"'FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) oo - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription ~------------------------, 03 I 2 5 I 2 0 04 b6 March 18, 2004, L---------~---r----------._~ate of birth social securit account number home address was interviewed ~a~t~--,_p~a-c e __ __ o~-e-m-p~o-ym---e-n~t-,~t~e--u~n~~~t-e~~S~t~a-t~e-s~A-r-m-~~M~e~ical Research Inst~tute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) ,I )Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone! !After being ~dyised of the identity of the agents and tne purpose of the interview~ I provided the following information: lhas h~ard of modified G sporulation media, butr---l has never made it or worked with itJ !uses a single colony cu~ technique for culturing Bacillus anthracis (B.a.). was not aware of anything i n l l work area belonging to others that was known to be the Ames strai~ B.a. and was not sent to the FBI Repository (FBIR) . ~--------~On I I I I lused the walk-in cooler Room BuildingD for media storage just prior to an aerosol challen:e. BRUCE IVINS' lab group never stored any B.a. spores in Rooml _ !recalled seeing media and laborat~supplies stored there an adv2sed thatl I I Iused RoomL__J and that _would have had access to the 1 room as well .. D I did not have any concerns aboud leo-workers with regard to their involvement in the anthrax mailings of 2001.1 lwas not aware of anyone who may have removed a select agent for ~mproper use 1 nor of anyone with hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the media, or others. landr lblamed the anthrax contamination found by IVINS outside of the containment areas in 2002 on the !Division. I I has heard people say that because IVINS ~c-o_n_d~u-c-t~e-a~-a-n~independent swabbing project, perhaps he could have participated in other unapproved activities.! ldoes not think that these accusations are serious . .~--:"":----.,..a.:;h;;.;a;;.;s;;;_,_;n;.;;,ever been to New Jersey, and I I does not have has never seen any pre-stam~nvelopes at .--.~a~s~never purchased any from a postal vending I I I \\~- Investigation on 0311812004 at Fort Detrick, Maryland 279A-wF-222936-Poi \-\~ File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIu/279A-BA-C101392 Date dictated NIA .SAl I ,o\ , by SA~~--------------' This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012691Anthrax Page 1071 of 1446 -FD-302a..(Rev. 10-6-95) o ~U~S~AM~R~I~ID~was o 0 3 I 18 I 2 0 0 4 , Page --==:...__ me currently working 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392, 279A-WF-222936-POI Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L--------------____.t----- , On Flip-top Sterilite brand containers were used in the Special Pathogens Sample Test Laboratory (SPSTL) to store samples. These were purchased in December 2001 at Staples. I only kn~~~~u_~~--------------------~~ that 1s a < lVlSlon, tFI is USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012692Anthrax Page 1072 of 1446 ,o. o ? ;D:3o?(Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 3 I 2 5 I 2 0 04 On March 24, 2004, I I date of birth ~----------~~ social security account numberl I was interviewed atl__jplace of employment, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone! I After being advised of the identity of the agents" and the purpose of the interview,! I provided the following information: I Jororkg fori lwill eventually be working withl b6 b7C I lhas never used modified G sporulation media. Whether c==Juses a single or multiple colony culture technique depends on what procedurec:::Jis doing. The Ames strain of Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) that is used b~ !laboratory group was initial~ained from BRUCE IVINS. I I had no knowledge of any material i ork area that was known to be B.a. Ames, and that had not been su m1tted to the FBI repository (FBIR) . ~~--~lhad no knowledge of any bacterial contamination of any virology laboratories. During the summer of 2003, a freezer in Room c::::J was fc;nmd to have some B.a. contamination during a routine swabbing.T I recalled that it was contaminated with more than one strain of B.a., and that one of these strains may have been Ames. \\~-279A-WF-222936-POI Investigation on 0312412004 at Fort Detrick, Maryland :11>~ \1\.CO<=\. File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID/279A-BA-Cl01392"nate dictated NIA by ~~ I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; 012693Anthrax Page 1073 of 1446 ~?FD-302a ?o ..(Rev. 10-6-95) o I I o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L - - - - - - - - - - - j - - - - - - - , On 03 /24/2 0 04 --=2=--b7C ~.:----'lhas been in Roomc:J Building!! althoughlldid not use the room or store any materials there.t:::J-'never saw~ .__-=---=-__.I in the vicinity of Room I I had no knowledge of any piggybacking into containment suites at USAMRIID. did not know of anyone with exlertile in weaponization techniques, spore production, or lyophilizing. advised that select agents could easily be removed from a containment area and gave r~~b~e-~ example of a person showering out with an easily concealed tube. , had no knowledge that anyone had removed any select agents at USAMRIID, or of anyone who said that they might use a select agent in an improper fashion. ~~-__.!did not know of anyone with access to dangerous biological agents who expressed hostility toward any political organiz?ation, the media, or others .1 I did not suspect anyone of possibly being associated with the 2001 anthrax mailings, and had no knowledge of anyone at USAMRIID who was interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other select agents without a specific need to do so. At one point, there were one or two plastic containers with white pl~stic lids us;d ~or storage an~ transport in thel I .. _ _ I. These containers were in the ll ~-------------------~~ andc::J did not know the ._c_u_r_r_e_n-:-t-r-o-c-a--:-t.,.J._o_n_o...,f~t~e-"'"_o_x_e_s_n_o_r w"'"h-e-:-t"""..... __ er they were Steri 1 i'te brand. ~no association Universi~t-y-,-a-n-d~c::J~~did not travel never used or seen any pre-stamped never purchased any such envelopes with New Jersey or Princeton to New Jersey during 20r0~1~:~:=====~ envelopes at USAMRIID. I o lbas from a postal vending machJ.ne. lnever met, knew, or sawl around USAMRIID. The only knowledge that c::J has of I ~ is from whatl 1 or in rumors around USAMRIID . ...._ _......--------, r-_ _ __.1-r--~' only knowle~e regarding the.________________________. ~----~lwas thatl ! was a member. I __ I With regard toc===Jwhereabouts during Sep~ 17-18, 2001 October 5-9, 2001,1 I advised the following. L___j was working ~~~l~ong hours during Se tember 2001 and a roximated those hours as to dail . USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012694Anthrax Page 1074 of 1446 ~FD-302a . .. (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L ___________ j - - - - - - ,On 03/24/2004 -3- worked at least one day during the October 5-9, 2001 time frame. ~~~--~ was not able to locate a personal or electronic calendar, or any other documents relating to those time periods. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012695Anthrax Page 1075 of 1446 .. FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) ., - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C Date of transcription 02/13/2004 !provided ?a copy of~~~--,-------~--~~--~ which is ma1nta1ned in an FD-340 lA envelope. educational histor obtain~e~d--a~--~~~~~ 1 degree 1n1 1 rom the Univers1ty o:c1 1at ..--'----, ====::;1:;-:inl::r--""""i~ and al I degree in .....__ ___. 1 from I I University in I I ..____________.1n 1~__......1 I ~~---r--,.1 employment history withl as outlined 1nl rr.. v. is as follows: .....:===========~ froml to I I worked as al I r----1 in thel I ~--------~~~--~~~--~~~locatea r1n~l~-------------,~~r. ~ froml tol 1 was thel 11n the I from I from I tol to I 1 worked as aL 1 J 1n thel I I I was the I I from I ?to I I was I from I USAMRIID, I tol the~l~~--------------------------_.....lin thel 1was thel~~-r--------~~~~--~~--~ ID1v1s1on of ~------~ ort Detrick, Maryland 279A-BA-C101392 by - \~~\ I\; C\3 --=-----1 Date dictated N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the properly of the FBI and is loaned to you it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012696Anthrax Page 1076 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) oo o b7C: ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 02/13/2004 2 ,Page _ _ __ Continuation ofFD-302 of L-----------------~r------ an of USAMRIID. as s.erved as ~--------~~------~~~h~~~~~s~nl~ot directly conducted any research sincel Iat USAMRIID inl J. While inl As part of1 I duties? as I I had. access tr:-;o::J)I....__.,....-~IUSAMRIID BuJ.J.d.J.n_91_ J and. the followJ.ng areas in Building! I S u i t e ! ! Rooml Ji hel I I llaEoratories; and Suitej lwhJ.ch was the I I I In Building! I? stored media in llab space and perhaps in Room L:J as well. I I had, noL.......:k-n_o_w-1=-e-d~ge of what was stored in the walk-in freezer in Building! I but advised that it was shared space. I I I ~hich caused many things to be moved around. I ~------~~has never worked with Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) and had no experience with anthrax until material relating to the fall 2001 anthrax mailings was received at USAMRIID. Because of !training as al I I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012697Anthrax Page 1077 of 1446 ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page . , . - - - - - 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~=======================---------'~ 02/13/2004 3 ~~----~lwas at USAMRIID on the day the Daschle letter was delivered there by the United States Capitol Police (USCP) . Upon receipt, the condition the package was recorded~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~y~p~e~r~s~o~n~n~e~~rom Inspection Service (USPIS) ~ the Daschle letter, it was being the FBI and the United States Postal lnever worked with any of the B.a. material from the fall 2001 anthrax mailings. With regard to piggybacking through doorways at USAMRIID, !advised the following: There have been no incidents of ...._:_e_o_:-=l~e___.enteriny rllaboratories prior to being fully trained_ I Jtan:ownership over thec::J areas, and the~e ep them under tight control. Further, those working inl___jareas did not want untrained personnel in the lab with them because it posed a danger. With regard to contamination issues at USAMRIID,I advised the following: ...._______~ In approximatel~02, the combination to an orthopox virology lab in.Buildingl___j was commonly known to those working on that floor, as it housed equipment that was being shared ~~Y~--~ various researchers. A potential exposure was recorded whenl !entered an area where there was viral contamination. ~----~ b2 F I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012698Anthrax Page 1078 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~======================----------'~ 02/13/2004 4 contaminated with other organisms, and this contamination was traced to a common media preparation area. This media'preparation group had a history of numerous militar~onnel turnovers of individuals with different backgrounds. L..,._J began using commercially made media after this contam1nation problem was found. ~----------------------------,_____~sponsored by thel ~--------~~._~~~~~~~~~~~~ist program is part of the to encourage interaction among sc1ent1sts or proJect eve opment. Visiting scientists are not given access to laboratory space, but instead spend their time in conference rooms discussing their mutual interests. Foreign scientists have to request visits through their embassies, which forward the request to the Department of Defense (DOD). The scientist undergoes the DOD clearance process, and perhaps a State Department clearance as well. ? notified of the com letion of this rocess and .in turn who is the 1s not1f1ed. I ~~----~lhad no knowledge of any Russian scientists having access to laboratory space at USAMRIID. In approximatel:l I there was an official visit b two Russian scientists,! _ and to USAMRIID as part o the In addition to Russia and the United States. the United Kingdom wa9 part of this commission as well. I lhas never been to Russia to tour or view any of their laborator1es. I As part of the new research campus being planned for Fort Detrick, USAMRIID is slated to move to a new building and Buildings 1412 and 1425 will pe demolished. USAMRIID is currently pursuing funding for this mission and reporting to Congress. If this effort is unsuccessful and USAMRIID does not move to a new building, the current building will fall apart as it is too expensive to maintain in its current state. USAMRIID'S budget has remained flat and has recently decreased. USAMRIID was originally built to accommodate 325 employees, and it now houses ?50-employees with a planned expansion to 1000 employees. More laboratory space is needed to accommodate all of the additional testing that is being conducted. Animal studies have increased threefold and aerosol challenges have increased fivefold. In addition, medical product and evaluation USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012699Anthrax Page 1079 of 1446 ,, ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o The agents showedl o b6 ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~------------------------------------------ 02/13/2004 5 studies have increased. A knowledge center including a library is being planned for the new campus. This center is meant to facilitate the exchange of information among various agencies. ~----------------------~~ did not recognize! knows. Ia photographic image ofl I as someone!~--~--~ ~------~~--~~~------~~~~-L~~._--~----~ at USAMRIID.~---~ ~--------L-------~~~~~~~~---.~~~~~~0 be close tol I !delivered a seminar at USAMRIID wherein! I ~~~~~--~--~--------~------~--~~~~~~~~------~ up not th1nk much of.l !proposal, and 1t d1d not get passed I did the chain-of-commana l than this one, butl ~may ~d not recall any. have delivered seminars other 1: USAMRIID, andr=J did not have any~wledge ~ . l1nvo vement with thel described the L__Jas a close kn1t group. I ~had only minimal interaction with the I at I I I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012700Anthrax Page 1080 of 1446 ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 02/13/2004 6 ~~--------------------~~-------- I ~had less experience at working through threats than those inl___jdid, particularly in the case of! I and I J USAMRIID has~king with the FBI s1nce 1995, and fdid not recall ever being involved with any of that work.l ~ had no 1nvo vement with thel I, exercise and had never heard of it, nor did~ know of anyone at USAMRIID who may have had any involvement wrEn the exercise.~!----~ advised that tabletop exercises are different from the real responses such as those thatl lhave participated in . I I .---~--~~~1 feels sorry foJ oes not think thatl lhad either the technical skill capacity to send the anthrax letters, and also because was accidentally noticed by I l1s no a skilled and does not have the ab1l1ty to make purified spores l1ke the ones contained in the~-1 lhas not seen any publications indicating that Knew the relevant protocols. Only a few individuals have t e nowledge to create such purified s ores one of whom isl I howeverl I is above suspicion and BRUCE IVINS have often had to interact I There are 29 to 30 scientists on the FBI 1 8 investigation list who are far more skilled thanl There are probably 5 or less ~ndividua Js at IIS~RIID who could.make such purp spore prepa~at1ons. If. Jis the FBI 1 8 pr1mary suspect,~L------~ 11 feels sorry for us because we have nothing 11 o 1 I In the late 1980s, USAMRIID lost its mission. At that time, no one thought that biological warfare was important" and USAMRIID 1 8 mission drifted into different areas including a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) program. No on.e was concerned with what was going on scientifically. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012701Anthrax Page 1081 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o J o ' On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 02/13/2004 ~------------~--- ,Page---- 7 In 1990 and 1991, the Gulf War sharpened the effort at USAMRIID and helped to increase the understanding of the importance of their research programs. There was a transformation that resulted from working toward a mission and toward building products. Twenty three medical products have been developed at USAMRIID, and over half of those were developed within the last ten years. There were personnel problems at USAMRIID during the late 1980s and early 1990s that were destructive and resulted in some hard feelings, as well as bitter and disappointed people. Despite this, it was beyond the realm of imagination thft anyo:e wo,,ld l:ave sent anthrax through the mail. Since I _time i~ jhas only known people who were dedicated to the mission of USAMRIID .and who were patriots. These nersonnel nfoblems w ntill _ however start~e-d~~th~e~ process. Some of the efforts .to reso ems included letting some people go from USAMRIID. had to do a Reduction in Force (RIF) , and as a result some of the military officers were encouraged to leave. I !advised that an investigation was conducted regarding this in the early 1990s, and that the FBI has had access to these records. ~----~~~ldoes not thin~ that the B.a. contained in the letters was made at USAMRIID because they do not have the equipment necessary to produce spores of that quantityJ !intuition is that the.material was.spray dried, which is a common way to dry pharmaceuticals, and USAMRIID does not have a spray dryer. ~he media could still be smelled in the B.a., and that would not have been the case if the material had been lyophilized as the aromatics are lost when an agent is vacuum dried. The B.a. in the letters would have had to be prepared at DPG or at a state sponsored laboratory from it was stolen or passed on intentionally. lhas told_ lthat Russia, Korea, Iraq, Syria, and Iran ~a-1~1~~h-a-v~e spray drying capabilities. 1:hicb The recipes for.wea onizing anthrax and smallpox are still at USAMRIID, however has never viewed them. The recipes may have been acci enta y de-classified in the 1990s, but were then re-classified. No~o~n~eL2WUiUt~h~o~u~tt_~~~~~~~~~~~-b~ been given access to these. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012702Anthrax Page 1082 of 1446 ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 b6 8 ,Page _ _ __ of spore preparation that are Renograff1n, that are used on the Dugway material. advised that it would be interesting to see how the higher qua 1 y . a . was made in the old days without the newer protocols and technology. There are newer pur~f~cat~on method, o:c: "I ~--~w~,~?t~~~ regard toc::J whereabouts from September 17-18, 2001,1 Jadvised the following: Immediately after September 11, 2001, USAMRIID began supporting the USCP. in executive site surveillance through assay validation and sample processing. They were completely "maxed out" by the project, and the number of people working on the project grew from 6 to 85, including~~--~----~~----~--~------~----~----~ I I andl were all stuck at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) from September 11, 2001 until September 17 or 18, 2001. r With regard to Owhereabouts from October 5-9, 2001, !advised the follow1ng: ~------~ During the weekend of October 6, 2001, there was a transformation process to put systems in place where they were needed. At that time USAMRIID was processing 200 to 250 samples per day, and that number grew exponentially after October 15, 2001. USAMRIID was mandated to survey for eleven different agents and toxins at the executive sites, which created a large volume of work. ~------~!advised that there were reports generated daily at that time, and all records relating to sample testing were saved. If necessary, the agents could be provided access to these records. of equipment inl ~--~~~~a~g~r~e~e~d~t~o allow SAl !office as long as) I ~o phqtqgfaph a piece _gave consent USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012703Anthrax Page 1083 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------------L-------------- 02/13/2004 , Page 9 ___;==--- as well. lshowed thisl Ito SAl !during a previous interview. ~-------------~ ~----~ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012704Anthrax Page 1084 of 1446 o~ > ' FD:3o2 (Rev. 10-6-95) lJ; o was interviewed Washington Field interview and the ~~~~~~lproviaed the 1\ - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04/0l/2004 ~~~~~-1~o~nr raduated from I Fro States Army (USAMRI ID) I res onsible responsible for 1ca Researc Inst1tute o Detrick, Maryland. Here, was ,. In Investigation on by __~,_______________~---------------------------------------------1 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;.___ _ __. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012705Anthrax Page 1085 of 1446 I FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 03/29/2004 ,Page_-'2;;:.....__ 279A-WF-222936 USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L------------_J------'On Duringl I tenure at USAMRII~D~--_.~~~~~~ research activities were conducted in Building ~--~~~~------~ did not conduct any research with Bacillus anthrac~s Ba . ~-~~--~~ stated needle challenges were conducted with the Ames strain of Ea. also participated in the following research programs: USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012706Anthrax Page 1086 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . o met o , Page _ __;;;;__ _ 279A-WF-222936 USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . 1 - - - - - , On 0 3/2 9/2 0 04 I lat a conference in could not remember the date of ~~----~--------~----~~~~~~~~~~ the conference, but advised that was at the conference with I !recalled having dinner withl I I and possibly! I recalled! lbeJ.ng somewhat of a 11 blow hard 11 o I lhas discussed the characteristics of the spores found J.n the anthrax-laced letters with spoke to I Iabout spore size, how they ,_w_e_r_e g_r_o_w n_.__ __ __ a_n_d-::--:t~h:-'e spore coats. I never discussed these isues withl I lstated that could not have mailed the anthrax-laced letters.c::Jbelieves does not have the ability to ~ave,Julled of the mailings. based this statement o impression ofl I urJ.ng t eJ.r brief meeting and discussion J.n I I has also seenl I and beJieyes thatl I did nof have access to anthrax as was an l . also does not believe that had access to the appropriate equipment to make the anthrax mailed in the letters. This opinion is also based upon c:::J short meeting withl I andD knowledge of USAMRIID in the early 1980's. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012707Anthrax Page 1087 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. I 0-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 5 I 18 I 2 0 0 4 date of birth ~~~---L--~ home tele hone numberl number...._~-:--~--------..... r~~~~=~~=~~(-i~c-e_n~s-e n_,,_m_h_e~r-T ~-------------'-'y_.zr;-s__i~n~t~e-r~Jr_i_e_J._re_d~ ___ __ social security account number~'------------~ ] cell phone After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agent and the nature of the interview ,1 ~--------~ provided the following information: consJ.sted of Investigation on 0511712004 at File# 279A-WF-222 936 -LEAD 1 by 279A-WF-222936- USAM Date dictated ~~--------------------------~ 'I~ 0511812004 SA~I------------------~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBl. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012708Anthrax Page 1088 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222.93 6 -LEAD I 279A-WF-22293 6-USAM Continuation ofFD-302 of --'---------------L------- , ~..I-:-=---~~ did not work hereafter Ba On 0 5/17/2 0 04 , Page ---=2=---- anthracis ..L---------------_JlliQ~~..JlL1tlL,the Ba Prior to worked on Ba a c:::J did not work on ass~gned contracts with ~---~~lis not sure ifr=J ever worked with the plate. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012709Anthrax Page 1089 of 1446 >I FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 279A-WF-222936-USAM b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of - ' " ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - , On 05/17/2 0 04 , , Page _ _,3=--- ~~~~~~ usedl for reconstitution. I placed in a tube and put ~n Ito dry down the reagent lmicro liters were a lyophilization chamber which dries . . now ~ samp es were ma~nta~nea tubes were placed into kits for deployment. Some were used as controls or reagents. One tube would be tested to ensure it was at the right concentration. USAMRIID supplied all the strains used and does not know where they came from. I Iworked 1-=-::::-"l~=--~ strain also, which also was supplied by USAMRIID. not know, nor has ever heard, the names Bruce Ivins and 1 I ~--~ weaponiza~t~i~o-n~t~e-c-h~niques. not know anyone hayinJ expertise in Almost everyone worked with performed lyophilization.! I also does not know of anyone else who should be questioned regarding the above issues. does not know of any areas of USAMRIID which. had problems w~th bacterial contamination whilec::]was there. I does I I on offices located on the floor could not locate the o~~-~on the L.....:-::-:--:--~1. stated that to c:::J knowledge people did not "piggy back" in and out of the hot areas at USAMRIID. Everyone had their own suite code, and if sqmeone did "piggy back" then the safety officer would find out. ! did not let anyone into the suites. I I added that if you were to follow b6 I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012710Anthrax Page 1090 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-LEADr 279A-WF-222936-USAM b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of L ___________J-------oon: 05/17/2004 ,Page_--=4_ _ someone in and then swiped your way out the safety officer would know you had "piggy backed". Tal !knowledge visiting scientists were not taken into the hot areas, they were only taken into the level two areas I I and I I ~~~--~~advised that although someone could covertly remove a ents from the hot areas by carrying them out in their pocket does not know anyone who attempted it. r I added that would.not understand why anyone would even want to take an agent home and risk exposing their family to the organism. lis not aware of anyone who said they might make an agent for fise in some improper fashion. l j a n d r---lcoworkers had discussions and received training concerning ~dissemination of anthrax by a crop duster or similar method of mass distribution, but had never heard or talked about using anthrax in powdered form. The only individual 9f con~c~e_r_n t_o._I____~~Jwho had ___ access to the biological agents wasl l(first and last names unknown) . I I r of possio letters. and seeme does not know anyone with whomD worked that was inannronriatel v interested in ~l=l I 1 TT I S does not know anyoner--lbelieves or suspects ssociated with the marr1ngs of the anthrax added that everyonec::Jworked with got along st~nding people. I I I I I was lax concerning safety. 1 I noted that I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012711Anthrax Page 1091 of 1446 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 279A-WF-222936-USAM Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - , On 05/17/2 004 , Page _ _;5=--- ~--~~~~ adv{sed that there was not anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. When asked howc:J~ould go rbout preparing dried Ba and sending it through the mail, ( : : stated that he would lyophilize it and then culture J.t J.n aby formula. ~~-~~~ is not aware of anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques. I lstated thatr--ldid not have any personal or professional association with ~ton, NJ, Princeton or any other areas of New Jersey. To knowledge, none of coworkers did either. D D ? I !advised thatc=J did not travel to New Jersey in September or October 2001,..an4 that [:]has only; driven through New Jersey onl__j~~~~~~?~~~._----~--~ lstated that there are SOPs for decontamination of Class~lrl~a~n~a~c~r~ass III biosafety cabinets. The SOP for a spill was to use a 10-15% bleach solution, DNA away., I ldoes not know if paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde fumigation had been employed in the virology areas becaus~ did not work virology. ~~-~-~~had never smelled bacterial decontamination agents in the virology suites and had never even been in the virology suites. ~---~lstated that cardboard boxes were preferred over plastic containers for storage of materials because the cardboard would deform to allow more samples to fit in the box. lmay have used sterilite boxes because they are more .__r_e_u_s-a'""'b-lr-e than the cardboard butrl could not remember .... specifically. USAMRIID had a s~ of sterilite boxes that equipment. ....__ ___ ~ does not know all the purchasing for any boxes were missing as USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012712Anthrax Page 1092 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~l------------_J------- ,On 0 5/17/2 0 04 , Page .....6-- 279A-WF-222936-LEAD 1 279A-WF-222936-USAM Continuation ofFD-302 of sometimes a lot were available and sometimes only a few because they were taken to different sites. I lis not aware of any work being conducted with Ba or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded. I I added that everything that was done was documented and SOPs were used. .___r . I was rec:r:d:ed on ass1gne _ ~~ ad e turne Ch1ef ,...w;.;.;h;.;;.o;;;._=:.;;;;;...., e project and then would probably be filed by~l------~~ ~~w:~rk :~ot w~as r:~co::~ed I _ : IIwoul _ ~ 1 n o e DlVlSlon ni.I....L-. ___.__,.t? t I l9id not ever use any of the vending machines in Frederick to purchase pre-stam ed envelo es. on the f1rst L.::---~1 through time, b7F .____ did not perform any analyt~i~c~a~l~w~o~r~k~o~n~t~h~e~ evidence in this case 1 work was strictly I I _ ___.?------~--~~~~ I remember c==J I I ldid not know whol I was and does not know who c::J is to this day. rl=:....~...---,.l~q:-:i-:d:--n-a~t~hast anv visiting foreign scientists and was not ani I I member. 1 1 was part of tn!:-::e::-.-.-1-------------------TI .-----..:....===:::;------1 b7C I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012713Anthrax Page 1093 of 1446 I i-Ii CJ " ,, -? t. ' . \" 'FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) (' 1 - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 5 I 0 7 I 2 0 04 Number !provided al page Curriculum Vitae which detallsc::J academic achievements and professional experience. A copy of this Curriculum Vitae is attached hereto and made a part of this document. I I IHigh I graduated froml 1 to I attended 1 Fro ansferred to 1College IColleqe ana suoseauen v I !graduated from! I Inl College wlth a !Degree lnl I In I Schoolrl 1 1 I ~ I From Uni versl ty ~ t. Durinq tnls tlmel From I as a I attended and rraduate? from Degree ln 1with al I applied and received a I I to I I at I I I worked on I I u I I I I work telephone number ltl 1 I L worked for I I. uurlng L..ruo L..lme, I teleonone numoe::t;;. Investigation on File# by 05 I 0 6 I 2 0 0 4 1 at I I l 1 5 \SOl II 279A-WF-222936 SA SA USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392' Date dictated 0510712004 I Thi s document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. tJ"!I:S Q... D USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012714Anthrax Page 1094 of 1446 \ '., '' ' '1: t 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o supervJ.sor Here, I o 05/06/2004 ,Page 279A-WF.-222936, USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---L------------...1------- ,On --=2__ the IPrimary goal and mission was: (1) !worked on the living organism of the Ames (does not recall where the stock came from. ~-~ I lof~jce and ldQratory were located in Buildin:~l ion the first floor~ -~onductedc:J research in al __ I 1 laboratory does not recall the laborato toottt number) whJ.cfi contained one unlocked freezer. This freezer contained various select agents including! lAmes strain stock. There was another freezer in the corridor of th~ Jwhich was locked and had a video camera pointed at it. However 1 1 did not use this particular freezer. I I strajn, butl I I I was taug\t t-_n. arnw 'RA hv I I nrl staff, als5' USAMRIID emo1 ovees ~; Iorew t-h"" Z).mAQ Qrr:::d,., for use J.n llaboratorv rese~ ,h. This research included l could I of Ba sor I I while at USAMRIID. In the summer of I I lalso participated in the I I I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012715Anthrax Page 1095 of 1446 'o \I I "<I 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .? 279A-WF-222936, USAMRIID 279A-BA-Cl01392 o ~L---------------11-------- , On 05 I 06 I 2 0 04 , Page _....:3:::..__ Continuation ofFD-302 of ._______.I also spent time withl lwas involved with I Itesting. I Here, b7C ldoes not know what a modified G sporulation media is L.a_n_d n_e_v_e_r_u....Jsed one . __ L.-_ _ _ _ b6 b 7c __.lused blood algar culture technique and LB broth. ~------~~~never participated in the drying of Ba and I does not have any knowledge or information regarding anyone that.___ _. may have pursued this act. ~-~-~--~does characterized an BRUCE IVINS not know if the Ba strains were fully does not know if the Ames strain came from I lis not aware of anyone that m~ave the knowledge or expertise in weaponizing anthrax andl__jdoes not have anyone in mind that the Federal Bureau of Investigation should investigate. L.~----~----.....~lis not aware of any areas of USAMRIID which had problems with bacterial contamination, particularly the I I 1 9 u c h of~ime on the!-=1~=,.........,.==____.1 of Building! and th suites. did not perform any research 1n Building and c:J di not use any of the hot areas in Building I I I I Ll~---------tl~s.t~a~t~e~d~t~h1t individuals did piggy-back throughout usAMRIIDI also stated that it would be easy for one to remove select agents from the hot suites because there was a lack of security and the agents are easy to conceal. lis not aware of anyone who had an interest in removing select agents from the hot areas or any other areas in UNSAMRRID, nor wasc::J aware of any individuals who had an interest in making a select agent for an improper fashion. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012716Anthrax Page 1096 of 1446 I' \I \\ v . b6 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) b7C 279A-WF-222936, USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L ___________ J - - - - - - - - ,On 05/06/2004 ,Page _ _4.::;..__ ~--------~~ is not ability to create or handle expressed hosti~itudes media or others.L___jis not believes to be a suspect or of the anthrax letters. aware of anyone with the access and dangerous biological agents who toward any political organization, the aware of any individuals thatr----l possibly associated with the ffia11JJlgs lis not aware of anyoneJ ~orked with that was lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents. Nor wasr---l aware of anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be intereste~ gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. ldoes not know how to go about preparing dried lis not aware of anyqne that is Fr was interested in getting around forensic techniquesJ~not have any personal or professional ties to New Jersey andl__jdoes not know ifc::J colleagues have ties to New Jersey. Ba.l I I I lhas not used Sterilite storage containers at work or at home] I does not recall ifc==Jever observed anyone else at USAMRIID uslng a Sterilite contalner. ~-----~lnever saw a pre-stamped envelope (similar to the type used in the anthrax mailings) and never used one. Nor was laware of any work being conducted with Ba which was unofficial ~o-r___,jnot recorded ?I Istored I I USAMRI ID research in laboratory books which are maintai~at USAMRIID. The laboratory books were retur:ned tg I uponrl resignation does not know where the laboratory noteboo~re currently malntained. .c:J I ldid not persoyallf handle any of the anthraxlaced letters or envelopes nor did perform any analytical work on the evidence in this case. From to Januar telephone number From August! Ito worked as a upervlsor, ~-----------~ as a ~----------------------------------------------------------~~orked I I worked USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012717Anthrax Page 1097 of 1446 \ ?. '. < ~ . 'FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ?' 279A-WF-222936, USAMRIID 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . . J - - - - - - - , On 0 5/0 6/2 0 04 , Page ____;=;;;;..__- I I ~~-------------------~end c==J telephone number From I ._I_ _ _ _ _ _ __.I supervisor wasl ..____ _....... I tol I has worked as a I l.___~~---~-~-----~~1~?m~mediate supervisor isl teleohone number I !. Here ,I I is work1ng on. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012718Anthrax Page 1098 of 1446 FE>-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 02/09/2004 b6 at USAMRIID since !currently works with! b7C I I has done work wi~h B. anthracis while! ect 1ve ofl I I r I b7F [search is to1 I I I received the spores,_ from I outsid~ UI. 1.-llt:: ~----~----~~------------~~~~~ \T.p~~e~--s.!t~:r~al~in~u~s~e~~*-w~a~s~t~~h~e~A~m~e~s~--~ strain and it was stored in build~IJ.91 I room has never distributed any of the cu1tures I !Division. I b7C Ihas never used the modified G sporulation media. Ihas never used any culture techniques. Ihas never dried B. anthracis or used a lyophilizer. Investigation on 02/27/2004 at USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD ,,~ \~~~ , # by -USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392 Postal Inspector ostal Inspector Date dictated This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 'FBI""' '' loonod to yo"' 'S"'D USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012719Anthrax Page 1099 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .. oo jl_______j - - - - - - - - - - - - , received irradiated to d On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 02 I 2 7 I 2 0 04 , Page ---=2=--- BRUCE IVINS in a liquid samples were then ~--~~~does ~ot know of any persons who had expertise in weaponization techniquesr spore production or lyophilizing. problems ~is ~acterial unaware qf any areas of USAMRIID which had contaminatioD. Room~ ~--~--~~~has worked in the followin~ areas at lin building! land in theL US~RIID; Jareas .. b7C lhas used the hot areas of building! land room ~~----~~~-a-s-o~b~served others using the cooler for storage of unused plates, kit reagents? and had used it to store plates due to not having a separate refrigerator. I ~-.-_____.lis unaware of any 11 piggy-backing 11 o ~-.-~~__.!does not know how someone could remove Select Agents from hot areas due to the fact that they would have to pass things out to irradiate them. There is a procedure to follow whichr in theoryr would be dangerous. b7C ~----~lis unaware of anyone who wanted access or the knowledge to make bioweapons or of anyone with the access or the ability to create them. associate~ t.he mailings of the anthrax feiters. ~does not know of anybody whor-l believes to be ~----_.1 is unaware of any persons with the access and ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents, or who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization or the media. lonly knew of one incident in which someone was lax in handli~n-g_s_e~l..... ect a:ents ?an:l The person was r _ Jwno was work~ng w~th the organ~sm during a research pr ject. I lhas never heard of any rumors of anyone interested in obtaining anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012720Anthrax Page 1100 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. I0-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ __ _ ; - - - - - - - - - - - - , On 02 I 2 7 I 2 0 04 , Page _ _3;;.___ ~----~!thought the process of drying B. anthracis would be done by first making the spores, lyophilizing them, and grinding them. The preparation would have to be mixed with something in order to make it anti-static. lis unaware of anyone who expressed a special interest 1n be1ng able to get around forensic techniques. I ~--~~~ does not have any relatives or professional association with Trenton, New Jersey, Princeton or any other area of New Jersey. October ~d was at work during the time of the mailings . ~did not travel to New Jersey in September or .__~~~advised that there are SOPos for decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets and suites. Class II use alcohol and detergent and Class III use bleach and then autoclave materials. lis unaware if paraformaldehyde ~utaraldehyde fumigation have been used in thel lareasL___j did know that is what they are supposed to use in order to decontaminate the suites. I in thel ~._____~1 ha~ 1 never smelled bacterial decontamination agents _su1tes. ~--~~lhas nev~r used any plastic storage containers, such as sterilite boxes for storage of research materials, only cardboard boxes. its sti~ulants ~ is unaware of any work being conducted with Ba or which was unofficial or.not recorded. lrecords a l l D work in lab noteb<;>oks apd in the computer located in the hot su1te and then emailsL I the notes toc::J computer atc::J desk at USAMRIID. The lab notebooks are still in the hot suite due to contamination. I ~~--~~ has never purchased pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in mailings fori or for anyone else.c::J has also never used the vending machines in Frederick to purchase prestamped envelopes. I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012721Anthrax Page 1101 of 1446 FD-3G2a (Rev. 10-6-95) t 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~'------------'1-------------- ,On ~ 02 I 2 7 I 2 0 0 4 , Page _ _ 4_b 7 C envelope~ evidence did not handle any of the anthrax-laced letters or not done any of the analytical work on the case. ~has ~ b6 USAMRIID . USAMRIID. did ~~----~lnever let~~------~~piggy-back did not know into areas within any equipment from ._1_ _ __.1 o~.__ _ _ __.femoving know~worked ~riid not knowl in th~ lwhile working at USAMRIID, but !department . ._______.I had never seenl Iusing a lyophilizer. lin not recall ever cooler in rooml__j building! .__--~~r--?~ USAMRIID. I Inever talked to I unaware of I - se~ingl while ~he b6 walk-in I ~----~ lwas at materials. ~l_______.lis where~~------~~stored samples or ldid ~ot know of any research samples that._l_ _ _ ____. may have brought with him to USAMRIID. ~i?weapons,l ~ssues I . ~~~~--~~~n~e~v~e~r~ . I connections talked wit~ in reference to to New Jersey, or political I .______~lhas never attended any classes given byl.__________. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012722Anthrax Page 1102 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ __ . J r - - - - - - - - - - - ' O n 02/27/2004 ,Page _ ___ S could not provide investigators with any other informat1on 1n regards I or in reference to the anthrax mailings. I I tq I ldid not host any foreign visitors. I lwas not a member of th~~------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012723Anthrax Page 1103 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o began a - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 02/20/2004 b7C ~ social secur't account number --a:tc::J residence, home telephone nu~~e~r~--------------~~A~t~e~r~~e~~~n~g~~a~v~~~s~e~~o~~~~ identity qf the interv~ew~ng agents and the nature of the interview,! Jprovided the following information: .---------.1and Ipo~i.iiii.iiii.liio.iiii......sii!J.._----,.....::--------:-~~=.,: degree at began working as Medical Research b7C coworkers included lcould II talk all hOW laX was at usA'MRIID. I I a story about perhaps a member of the military, building a bo~~~~~ botulism with materials from the USAMRIID lab. sure if that story was left USAMRIID ~----------~~-vegin work at The reasonr---~~rr~~~~~~~~~~~~--------~ r Investigation on File# by ----~~-------- 02/20/2004 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID}""\~'l, Inspector! SAl 02/20/2004 I I S 111... (.')"2,.:"2.. .0C~ I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012724Anthrax Page 1104 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6-95) ? o b6 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 1 - - - - - - - - - , On 02/2 0 /2 0 04 , Page --=--- L-----~~l~w~as not familiar with the procedures for drying anthrax, nor didc:::Jknow what a lyophilizer was. I I believed tha~ IBRUC IVINS, had some expertise with Ba, and worKed on stud~es w~f rab ts. An ~ncident at USAMRIID involving bacterial contamination took place in 2000 in Building! I A pipe broke and exposed several individuals to plague bacter~a and to Ba. The individual responsible for handling the plates containing various types of organisms had not labeled them properly, so all who were potentially exposed had to take multiple medications for safety reasons. Radioactive contamination was also a problem, inl I opinion, as people did not clean their work areas sufficiently. I I was "shocked" whenc:J began working at USAMRIID at how "unhealthy" it appeared and because of the "filthy setting". suite withl .-==--==...___a...:;.;::.:; . and r.;: ;l=-a.----,1""~-~ d_n_o_t_. .... feel cedures were conducted. fas unsur~ whetherl . lwas familiar with the walk-in coolers ~n Buildingi~----~----~rwas fam~l~ar w~th the dead animal holding area, but did not know whether the two areas were the same. lknew that a lot of "piggybacking" took place in the areas of usAMkiiD wherec==Jworked. There was no pin code required forr--1 labs. Anyone could have access to the unlocked coolers inc::Jiif they wanted to remove select agents. However, I lwas unaware of anyone harboring hostile attitudes toward the United States government or of any threats made byc==Jformer coworkers at USAMRIID against the United States.l Jcould~n~o~t~----~ think of anyone who could have mailed the anthrax letters. felt that some military "kids" who worked with Ba were lax ...,i_n_ir-:t~s ____. hand~;~na d;?~ ~a: kpoj what they were doing. c:=:Jals~ cited a ~~ __ ~~ _ whose name she could not ~mmed~ately reca , w o fo owe unsafe handling procedures. I I :nd ~----~......1 did not believe that there was anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so.r---ldid not personally possess the technical skill or knowledge neeaed to dry Ba and send it through the mail. lwas unaware of anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques. b7C I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012725Anthrax Page 1105 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - , On 0 2 /2 0 /2 0 04 , Page _....:3:::..___ I I I andl I IUJ.a not KilO'~>{ anyone at USAMRIID with New Jersey connections, neither personal nor professional. Jknew that safety procedures existed for decontamJ.natJ.on o Class II and Class III bJ.osafety cabJ.nets, althoughr--lwas not sure if these procedures were followed. When c::::J left~RIID, 11 anronet could get clearance into the ._1_----~1 suites, although it is understanding that USAMRIID has subsequently implemented a 11 buddy system 11 in those suites. ~---~1 lhad employed glutaraldehyde fumigation in the lareas, and had never smelled bacterial decontamination .__a_g_e_n~t-s--1~n th~ lsuites.r---l had never used plastic storage containers, such as sterilite ~' for storage of materials at , USAMRIID. I b7C F b6 worki well- .-----~........,__..~~~ was not aware of any unofficial or unrecorded Ba felt that IVINS was very thorough and that records were their section. ~--~I had used pre-stamped envelopes and had visited the 7th Street post office in Frederick, Maryland. However,! I had never used the vending machines there to purchase pre-stamped envelopes and had never personally handled USAMRIID envelopes. of USAMRIID. worked on the the walk-in ~~~~~~~~~ did ....._,a""'n.,...d-w"""""'a""s,....not ~o~a~a~Y~e~g~arding,~------~~~~ USAMRIID, and neverr-"'===.:=:----........J I I ~~~~~~~ with._l_____. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012726Anthrax Page 1106 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936 b7C Continuation ofFD-302 of ~.___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - , On 0 2/2 0 /2 0 04 , Page ....4-- from prior research or employment.! lhad no knowledge of connections! I may have had to New Jersey, nor whether! lever visited the Gambrill Park Road never socialized withl ~d did not ""'k0111 1 n..:.:o~wr.~.-w.:..1.11w1~----~'-----"'"' were . I I was "shocked 11 whenL__J name was in regards to the anthrax ca~sJ.nceD was a "nice man 11 o Although a I lwas 11 fun". L__.J never mentioned I I tol I I left ~~~-~lhad no knowledge ofr and did not ever attend ~--~laccess to certain areas or to Ba. made any comments to I activities afterc===J resentations given by no one has having given I lhad never ho~~~~~~~~.-~~~~~~~--~ lhad been interested in the applied USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012727Anthrax Page 1107 of 1446 I FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION b7C Date of transcription 05/10/2004 On May 10, 2004, date of birt~ social security nufuberj j was interviewed ~----~ telephonically at c::]place of employment, the UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE 0 EASES (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone After being advised of the identity of the interviewin nd the purpose of the interview, that being to determine role regarding the usage of the Bacillus anthracis (Ba) samnlef sent to USAMRIID from Dugway Proving Grounds, Dugway, Utahl _provided the following information: I I, L-~~----~~~----~~~~----~H~wever, prior to the anthrax-laced letter ma1l1ngs of 2001 did not keep a record of these samples and so could not provide any documentation regarding their exact amount or location. ------------------~5~j~~ Investigation on File# Frederick, Maryland (telephonically) ,ii\1( \'0\ t 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Date dictated ..:.N:.!./.:.A.::.__ _ _ _ __,---------, at . I 05/10/2004 by __ S_A,I______________ r~--------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 16.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your age,...___________. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012728Anthrax Page 1108 of 1446 o q FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) " . "' "' . - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 5 I 11 I 2 0 0 4 n social securityLa_c_c_o_un~t--n-u~-e-r~--------~~ was 1ntevv1ewed telephonically __ atc::J place of employment, TED STATES ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DI ), Fort Detrick, Maryland, telephone number After being advised of the identity of the interv1ew1ng a the purpose of the interview, that being to determine role regarding the usage of the Bacillus anthracis (Ba) samples sent to USAMRIID from ~ugway Proving G~ounds, Dugway, Utah~ I provided the following in:format1on: \::; has never directly received any samples of Ba from Dugway Proving Grounds.c::Jdid receive a sample of Dugway Ba from BRUCE IVINS on Au ust 27 2001. The Ba was robabl tr n o Icon1ca!in a cent~r~1~f~u~g~e~~t~u~--.-------~~~~~~~~~~~~~.--r----~~ walk-in refrigerator, J(lSed period of several months. I ]did not keep a written record of this sample and so could not provide any exact documentation regarding this matter. I I D ~ b7F I I b6 Investigation on File# 05/11/2004 at --~~~~n~~--~--~~--~,~~~~3------~--~------~~ Frederick, Maryland (telephonically) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C10139Z Date dictated N/A .-~---...,~ by ~~----------------~------------------------------------------------4: I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency!:-;_ _ _..... it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012729Anthrax Page 1109 of 1446 .. " FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .. - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04/22/2004 I ru. S. Citizen). bornl l residing atj I r Telephone Number! I L OttJ.ce Teleohone Number 1 r Cellular TeleohnnP n. .'t I 1....1.was J.ntervJ.ewed atl rplace of I P.mnl I Socia], Securi ~y:_J\fumberl I lr----------------~~A~f~t~e-r--b~e~i-n_g__ a~d~v~i-s_e_d~o-f~t~h~e--~i~d-e-n~t~i~t~i-e_s o_f~t~h~e~ __ I. I @ I J.ntervJ.ewJ.ng agents and the nature of the interview, !voluntarily provided the following information: n====~----------~~--------,-~~~~~~-in c:=Jpresent position ...-------=::::::;-----1 While at USAMRIID, ~~----------~lwith studies invo~1-v~i-n-g~t~h-e~------~~~~~~~~----~_J I I and Anthrax. with only components of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) and never worked in the cultivation.of Ba. Live rabbit challenge work involving Ba was done byl I which utilized the Ames Strain that was most likely from Bruce IvJ.ns 1 stock. Investigation on --~--~-------- 4/13/2004 at Bethesda, MD ,"\~f'L Date dictated File# 27 9A-WF-222 93 6-USAMRIID PII I ~ P~ I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your a '----------....1 it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012730Anthrax Page 1110 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__________________________r_______ ,On 4/13/2004 , Page _ _:2:::........_ According tol "piggy-backing 11 was a regular occurrence at USAMRIID, an was alarmed at how easy it was. Training was not adequate for the Vl and V2 suites. never hosted any Foreign Scientists and ~~--~~------~ did not believe they ever had access to any "hot suites". d ~--------------~!indicated the removal of any agents from a suite could be easily acco,plisred by taking the agent through the decontamination showers. did not know of anyone who had done this. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for decontamination existed, butl I doubted they were normally followed and indicated a decontamination manual could probably not be located. purchased~a~n~y~p~r~e~-~s~t~a~m~p~e~a~envelopes, b6 lnever used any Sterilite boxes, never and never made any purchases from the stamp vending machines. I I never handled any of the evidence in this case nor performed any analytical work of the evidence. conversat~on w~t some of the older r-------~-----------r~a~n~a~never hosted any Foreign Scientists . Iwas not a member of the 1~--=---~~--. . . .__________.I indicated c:::J would be willing to take a polygraph examination regarding the facts of this report. USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012731Anthrax i) Page 1111 of 1446 ~ ,.:_(Rev.:.oi'~'31-2003) '-. --\_,.r ' . I' AflJC LASS I FIED DATE 12!1111'-2008 BY FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: IIC SSA SAL Date: 05/15/2004 Washington Field SSA~==========I::~ ~--------------~ USPil From: I Washington Field AMX 3 ---------------------------------, Contact: SSAI Approved Drafted By: I ~==========~~ By: L~------------------~,T?~--~ V (Pending)-~\\~ I Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: To summarize information obtained from 1~ labnrMrnr~r notebnnkR ~nd related interviews regarding production oi ~ac~~~u~ a~thracis (Ba) Ames spores (to include, but not be limited to, Reference Material 1029 and 1030) from Bruce Ivins' research group in the Bacteriology Division ??at the Unit-ed- ~tates Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. Details: During_ April and May 1 2004, 15 laboratory notebooks from res"earchers in Bruce? Ivins' group at USAMRIID were reviewed. Entries in these notebooks w D an 1ver erry M1 ormerly USAMRIID, then Battelle Memorial Institute, 10/2002)?. The information contained herein was obtained from the notebooks and from multiple interviews of Ivins, I ~ and Summarized interview information is presented 1nrackets [ ] o distinguish it from notebook documentation. Additional information can be found in FD-302s of these individuals. I J Numbers are assigned by the USAMRIID Library to all laboratory notebooks issued to Principal Investigators. The notebooks can be turned in to the Library for archival when completed. Notebooks may also be retained by individual researchers in offices or in biological containment suites within USAMRIID Section 16.pdf D 012732Anthrax Page 1112 of 1446 To: ' Re: Washington From: washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 41bld FiJit ,,., USAMRIID. Because several notebooks were used concurrently, the information is not presented in absolute chronological order. Non-Ames research is presented only if protocols might prove pertinent or if Ames was probably used as a control. This EC will be supplemented by a summary of the aerosol challenge process and uses of various Ames preparations in challenges. For this reason, aerosol challenge terminology is not thoroughly defined in this communication. RMR 1030 page 70, identifies the source of material for a rabbit challenge, as RMR 1030 Ames spores. As of 10/27/97 (date of notebook! entry), RMR 1030 was a mixed batch of Ames spore preparations oroduced I :t....LUH 1 The wal.ca were como1.ned to 12/4/95, 1/8/96, 1/22/96, n 11 28 97, Ivins used tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates to determine the concentration of heat-shocked spores and found it to be between 2.54 x 10 10 colony forming units (cfu) /ml and 2. 9 x 10 10 cfu/ml. The Notebook I I description of the combined RMR 1030 preparation r~back to previous notebooks for the descriptions of each batch preparation . . The review of these batch preparations provided the following production information without any documented deviations: From Notebookr----1 on 3/8/96, land Ivins purified eight~es of spores on Renografin gradients and resuspended to 250 ml in 1% phenol. The final count of heat-shocked spores was 3.18 x 10 12 cfu total and 1. 27 x 10 10 cfu/ml. The dates of the eight purified batches were 11/20/95, 12/4/95, 1/8/96, "1/22/96, 2/8/96, 2/12/96, 2/19/96, 2/16/96. 2 I b7C USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012733Anthrax Page 1113 of 1446 :, *""" .. ? To:' ~~ Re: Washington . l d From: Washington F i . 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 . ~. From Notebook I l on 4/19/96, Ivins purified 4 batches of Ames spores (produced on 3/18/96, 3/25/96, 4/1/96 and 4/15/96). These spores were resuspended in I I On 4/22/96, two days later, Ivins combined these four batches with the eight batches purified on 3/8/96. Ivins heat-shocked the spores at I I and obta1ned counts. The avera?ce spore counts for the combined lot were 1. 22 x 10 ? cfu/ml to 2. 2 x 10 10 cfu/ml from the TSA plates and 1. 54 x 10 10 cfu/ml from the sheep's blood agar (SBA) plates (his dilution schemes and individual counts were docum~nted) . F l page 86, on 12/3/96, Ivins added From Notebook! more batches of Ames spores to the above combined batch. He documented that the production and purification methods were the same. The production date of this batch was 11/18/96. At this point in time, Ivins documented that there were "about 300 ml of these spores", and that this mixed batch would be called "GLP Ames spores". On 12/2/96, he determined concentration after heat shocking. The total spores from TSA plates (7 plates of 10- 8 d.ilution incubated overnight) was 4.5 x 10 12 for the 300 ml, or 1.5 x 10 10 cfu/ml. On page 88, 12/13/96, Ivins wrote that he would have to add more Ames spores _t_o _the_ GT.P h"lt-f"'h .:=mn that he would have to make morel I From Notebook I in 1/97, Ivins sent an e-mail to co-workers with calculations of how long it would take to make enough Ames spores for an upcoming aerosol challenge using 1000 rabbits and 200 monkeys. They would make 8.5 ml of aerosol per animal, so they could put 8 ml in each tube. The current batch of Ames spores (RMR 1030) took 13 production runs, and they needed 10 times the amount in the current batch. Ivins noted that 260 liters of culture would be needed, 130 weeks at one run per week or 65 weeks at two runs per week. He noted that 13 ?runs had yielded 3 x 10 12 spores. They had 2000 ml per run, so they got 1.13 x 10 8 spores/ml of original culture after purification. [The amount of material needed for the upcoming challenge ras too great for USAMRIID to produce. They contracted I _at Dugway Proving Ground (Dugway) to produce large quantities of Ames spores for this USAMRIID aerosol study. The spores were produced from Ames sent to Dugway by Ivins in 1997 3 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012734Anthrax Page 1114 of 1446 -" '" 1 o To:' Re: Wa~hington 41b1d From: Washington FiAil 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 for this project (origin unknown to date) . Ames had also previously been sent to Dugway by Ivins in 1992. Numerous shipments of Ames spores were sent to USAMRIID from Dugway in 1997. Dugway spores were combined with spores grown by Ivins' research group in order to create RMR 1029 for use in the numerous scheduled aerosol challenges. The laboratory notebooks document the shipments and the combination of Ames preparations.] REFERENCE MATERIAL 1029 (RMR 1029) : RMR 1029 was created on 10/22/97. Ivins combined four separate lots of mixed batches of spores to make RMR 1029. Each lot contained multiple batches of spores. On page 68 of Notebook ~--~~~ Ivins documented the co~mb~i~n~a~t~1~?o~n~~o~f~t~h~e~f~~~~._--~~----, combined lots were brou ht to Eac Lot 1 - ots was ows: A combination of Dugway spore shipments 5 and 6 (see below) with purified USAMRIID spores from pages 10, 34, and 52 of notebook #4010 as follows: Page 10, Notebook #4010: On 6/5/1997, Ivins combined the Dugway spores with spores he had grown (described in notebook #3655 1 page 102) to make RMR 1029. The ultima~was a total of 3 x 10 13 spores. From Notebook page 102, the batches of Ames spores produce y Iv1ns and ultimately combined with the Dugway material to form RMR 1029 were o:p-iginaJ ly produqeq Fn ~-----:-~~:----------....1 and purified onL . These batches were produced on 1/17/97, 1/24/97, 1/27/97, 2/3/97, 2/24/97, 3/3/97, 3/10/97, 3/17/97 and 3 24 97. The bat were stored in a On 5/14/97, Ivins determined the concentration to be 2.28 x 10 12 total spores (60 ml at 3. 8 x 10 10 cfu/ml) . The page 34 entry on 9/29/97 for purification is identical to that found on page 104 of Notebook r - 1 On 9/3/97 Ivins purified on I I the ~wing batches of Ames spores fr~o~m~~~----------~~~~ cultures: 4/14/97, 4/21/97, 4/28/97, 5/13/97, 5/23/97, 6/2/97. 6/13/97, 6/30/97, 7/28/97. The! I 4 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012735Anthrax Page 1115 of 1446 ~ ~ ~ To: o Re: Washington ~ld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fi~ in al .---=:......;:;::..a--______________________________ 10 10 cfu/ml. ~~--~------------------------~~T~he spores were stored I The concentrationx .......,;;=;;......;=.;;,;1 was 2 . 3 8 b7F The batches were produced on 8/11/97, 8/12/97, 8/25/97, and ~7, and were stored in a~------------------------~ On 8/7/97, the 5th shipment was received from Dugway. It consisted of batches from 7/21/97 (52 ml 3 x 10 12-) and 8/2/97 (51 ml 3 x 10 12 ) . I 5 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012736Anthrax Page 1116 of 1446 - ... . To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ~ld Fie~ b7F ~~------------~--~~ The 9/4/97 viabilitfc counts on TSA yielded a concentration of 2.78 x 10 10 12 total spores. ? cfu/ml or 3.89 x? The 6th Dugway shipment was from 8/4/97 (5 x 10 12 total spores) and was received at USAMRIID on 9/4/97. Processing was as descri hPrl fnr rhP st.h shipment with a few exceptions: I I IV1.ab1.l1.ty counts on TSA for the m.l p re p arat1.on snowed a concentration of 3.8 x 10 10 cfu/ml or 3. 8 x 10 12 total spores. lUU Combination to for.m Lot 1 . . ~s~po~r~e~s~f~o~r~L~o~t~=1~w~e~r~e~~p?u~t~i~n~t~o~d~------------------------~~~ From page 62 1 Notebon9'~?kiL___~ILr~?h~~~='~~~-\~?n~~~='~?~~~ b/F I I the spore concentration for viability on TSA after overni~ht incubation at 37?C was between 6.88 to 7.1 x 10 1 cfu/ml or about 2. 2 x 10 13 total spores. 6 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012737Anthrax Page 1117 of 1446 - o. To:? Re: J Washington ~ld From: Washington FiE279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Lot 2 - Dugway spore shipments 1, 2, 3, and 4. All of the Dugway Ames spores were sent to USAMRIID in the form ofl L For the 4/21/97 shipment of the first two batches (4/12/97 and ~4~/1~4~/9~7~)~~,1_____.1~i~n~d=i~c~a~te~d~l--------------------------~l b7 .L~qu~a W~'Cn a 'CO'Ca.L OI approx~ma'Ce.Ly !::l-:::1 x .LU spores." On receipt, Ivins and lscraped the snores from the containers and put them intol I 1 b7F On 4/28/97. Ivins madel 7 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012738Anthrax Page 1118 of 1446 ~ 1 To: o Re: Washington From: washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 tlb1d FiJIR b7F On 4/29/97, the spore suspension was lavered suspension~~~~~~~~~~ and combined them I On 4/30/97 Ivins took the bottles of spore I The 10-~ dilution was documented as contaminated; contaminated, contaminated,! ~ I The contaminant was .__n_o-:'__J.,...de_n_t:-1.,..,f.,..,..i-e....-.--~H~e--r_e_p_o_r~t:-e-d~-:::-1-::-:!15 ml at 3 . 4 x 10 10 t .... cfu/ml or 3. 9 x 10 12 total spores. 11 ~~~--~--~~----~~ On 6/26/97, Dugway lots made on 4/22/97, 4/25/97, and 5/19/97 were received. The spores were scraped from the containers and~ut intol l 8 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012739Anthrax Page 1119 of 1446 To: ' Re: Wa~hington tlbld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 FiJit F On 7/14/97 Ivins madel I polycarbonate flask and stored at 2-8?C. Viability counts were made from two dilutions I I 10 I The concentration of the........2'""5..,o.--m'""'l.--w-a-s---:2o:--.6=----x_. 10 cfu/ml or 6. 5 x 10 12 total spores. On 7/10/97, Dugway lots made on 5/22/97 and 6/28/97 were received at USAMRIID. They were processed by Ivins in the same manner with the following exceptions: I The preparat1ons were handled the same as descrlbed 9 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012740Anthrax Page 1120 of 1446 .. ~ :f ..._? To: ? Washington From: washington Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 tlteld FiA b7F Ivins madel I I I Viability counts for a CfJ.TutJ.on of the 170 ml on TSA was 5.02 10 10 cfu/ml or 8. 53 x 10 12 total spores. X Dugway batches made on 7/11/97 (60 ml, 5 x lOu) and 7/17/97 (80 ml, 3.25 x 10 12 ) were received at USAMRIID on 7/24/97. They were processed like the batches from 5/22/97. and 6/28/97, put in a refrigerator, and allowed to settle until 8/28/97 After settling about I I I I VJ.abJ.lJ.ty counts on TS~ y1elded a concentratJ.on of 3. 06 x 10 10 cfu/ml or 7. 34 x 10 12 total spores. 10 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012741Anthrax Page 1121 of 1446 v To: Re: Wa~hington ~ld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 FiJit Combination to for.m Lot 2 of 4 Page 64 documented the combination of the s ores from shi ments 1 2 3 and 4. These ba F T e spore concentration incubated overnight at 37?C was 5.26 to 5.4 x 10 cfu/ml or 7.89 to 8 .1 x 10 12 total spores for combined Lot 2. Lot 3 Consists of 11 Combined spores from the previous (shipments 1-6) Dugway shipments and from Ames spores described in this notebook" (from page 65) . The third lot was recessed as described in the final sta e of Lot 2 Counts of heat-shocked diluted spores gave a co'ncentration of 2. 5 x 10 10 cfu/ml or 2. 5. x 10 12 total 'spores. This was the only information provided for Lot 3. Lot 4 - "Combined from Dugway lots and "our" lots" (page 65 and 67, dated 10/10/97). "This is the last lot of spores combined from the Dugway lots and our lots. It was recessed similarl to the other Counts of heat-shocked diluted spores gave a concentration of 2.8 to 2.98 x 10 10 cfu/ml or 0.34 to 0.36 x 10 13 total spores." This was the only information provided for Lot 4. Additional infor.mation regarding RMR 1029: The phenol used to make RMR 1029 was ere was no manu acturer exp1rat1on date, so Ivins gave this phenol a laboratory expiration date of 1/1/03. Ivins conducted several studies using RMR 1029 with RMR 1030 used as a control. He examined RMR 1029 spores L_m_1_?c_r_o s_c_o_p_i_c_a_l_l_y l__________________________________________________ __ __ 11 ~r USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012742Anthrax Page 1122 of 1446 To: o Washington eeld From: Washington "o Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ' Fie F . I Based on the observat1ons, there were >99% refractile sporesr <1% vegetative cellsr <1% non-refractile spores, and <1% debris in RMR 1029 as of 3/17/98. On 3/19/98, Ivins documented results of growth of RMR 1029 on SBA and capsule agar (10 plates each). RMR 1030 was usedl On 3/20/98, Ivins sent 2 freezer tubes, each c9ntaining 1. 5 ml of gamma-irradiated RMR 1029? s ores to the C laborat r The QC laborator re orted On 3/16/99, Ivins checked the viabilit counts for overn1g t. 2.3-2.4 x 10 10 cfu/ml. This was in comparison to that obtained on 10/22/97 which 10 10 cfu/ml. Potentially pertinent infor.mation about RMR 1029 and 1030 from miscellaneous interviews: [The flasks of Ames spore preparations created by Ivins and his coworkers were usually stored in the cold room (walk-in cooler) in Suitec:Jof USAMRIID building! I If there was a problem in.~ or renovation of, th~ cold room, the flasks wer~e;:..____, moved to and stored in the Suitel__lcold room. Suitesr-l andl interconnected without a separate card reader, so rese~ers~--~ could easily move back and forth between the two suites. Access to one of the two suites gave access to the other.] [Because the quantities of RMR 1029 and 1030 were so large and dangerous, glass was never used for storage. The Reference Materials were always stored in polycarbonate flasks purchased from Corning(R). These flasks were not cycled through the USAMRIID glassware room and were never re-used. The spore preparations were maintained in the same containers for the entire time after their creation and not routinely transferred to other similar containers.] b7F 12 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012743Anthrax Page 1123 of 1446 .' ? To:~ Washington~ld From: Washington ', Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 FiAil Materials e spore concen [When RMR 1029 was being prepared for dissemination to another researcher, the flask was only swirled (if even that) to mix the contents. Vortexing or stirring would have been too dangerous.] F ~------~lnever used RMR 1029 or RMR 1030 as a source or seed stock for growing spores. I lstocks of vegetative material were used for that purpose Wfien pJates streaked for production runs or experiments. I -? I we=: [RMR 1029 was widely used within USAMRIID for aerosol challenges. Ivins claims most challenges between 1997 and 2002 utilized RMR 1029. The material was produced for that purpose and was much cleaner and more pure than other spore preparations. A separate ongoing investigative project will identify all challenges which utilized RMR 1029 as well as sources of any other Ames used in challenges. Samples of RMR 1029 were also sent to other facilities as shown herein.] [Neither Ivins norl lcould recall or find documentation to identify the source of Ames material sent to the I I I handwrltlng lS on the VlaLs recelved atl r I b7C F DISTRIBUTION OF RMR 1029 To other facilities: 13 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012744Anthrax Page 1124 of 1446 To: "'Washington . l d From: washington '' Re: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fie b7c ~--------~- 102/22/2000 - 1 mli and 03/22/2000 - 6 ml. (understood to have been-gamma-irradiated) 03/07/01 0.5 ml in a cryotube at 3x10 9 cfu/ml. Battelle Memorial Institute, 05/08/01 50 ml in 125 ml polycarbonate flask at 3. 9x10 10 cfu/ml or 2. 73x10 12 total spores. There is a 60 ml discrepancy on this shipment (Ivins shows 90 ml sent on his balance book page, and the shipping request form shows 70 ml marked through with 50 ml written over the amount shipped. and 06/18/01i 30 ml (10 ml in each of 3 polypropylene tubes) . and 07/22/02 - 20 ml shipped from Ivins to ...._ ___ ...... Transfers and use of RMR 1029 inside USAMRIID: RMR 1029 was used in a multi-part aerosol challenge study with rabbits, study B00-03: Part 1 - 75 ml used on 4/3/00 Part 2 - 40 ml used on 7/7/00 Part 3 - 60 ml used .on 4/6/01 Part 4 - 50 ml used. on 7/9/01 Part 5 - 40 ml used on 12/10/01 Part 6 - 21 ml used on 1/14/02 Part 7 - 35 ml used on 9/17-19/02 26 ml used on 2/18/03 Part 8 8/28/00, 40 ml Bioport rabbit challenge - 12/04/00, 100 ml I I ~ 8/27/01, 5 ml 10/04/01, 11/15/01 1 12/21/01, 04/02/021 08/05/02, 11/29/021 10 ml 10 ml 8 ml 15 ml 50 ml 50 ml 11/02/01 1 1?.2 ml 1- 11/14/01, 1 ml 14 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012745Anthrax Page 1125 of 1446 > . - .. To: .. Re: .Washington From: washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 e=ld Fie - 11/01/02, 3 ml 05/05/03, 16 ml (two aliquots of 8 ml each) for study F02-09 11/18/03, 16 ml for study F02-09 08/18/03, 25 ml OTHER AMES RESEARCH and SPORE PRODUCTION Specific stocks or sample numbers are provided herein if listed in the notebooks. lsent a 7th batch Ames spores from Dugway (made on 9/9/97 and 9/15/97) . The spores were processed like the other shipments through Renocal-76 gradients. They were still "so dirty" that they were not processed further or added to the GLP Ames spores. They were not added to the RMR 1029 Ames spores and were destroyed by autoclaving on 10/24/97. From I notebook~~------~ A 6/13/95 Ames challenge on 30 rabbits used spores at 1.4 x 10 10 cfu/ml. The post-challenge Day 1 colony counts from the all-glass impinger (AGI) 10-4 dilution ranged from 1.27 x 10 6 cfu/ml to 6.5 x 10 6 cfu/ml. I In 7 I 94, und er E xoer1menta 1 p rotoco and I I conduc e I 11 encapsuiacea: I1ve vaccine trial with 1 I Iv1ns, an I strains". Exoerimental Protocol I I was to use Ames s b7F I ThlS exper1ment exam1ned. the ett1cacy ot d.lfferent . . . emuls1ons (vacc1ne) + protect1ve ant1gen (PA) 1n gu1nea p1gs. Lyophilized and unlyophilized emulsions were.compared. . On 1/20/95, Ivins documented preparations for an Ames aerosol challenge with rabbits using the 10/94 spores at a 15 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012746Anthrax Page 1126 of 1446 ' To: Re: Washington~ld 279A-WF-222~-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 From: Washington Fi~ The same siore~eparation was to be used in Experimental Protocol in 9/94. The animals were to be challenged 12/14-15/9 . st heat-shock counts showed the beginning challenge concentration was 1.55 x 10 9 cfu/ml. On 2/9/95 Ivins made MPL and protective antigen (PA) + squalene/lecithin/Tween 80 emulsion according to protocol 129. He then lyophilized the material so that he had 3 ml per vial. F On 4/12 95, Ivins purified. The resultlng co lnatlon was almost exclusively isolated, highly refractile spores, with less than 1% of the material in debris, vegetative cells, clumped spores, or non-refractile spores. He noted that this quantity may have been enough for several challenges. On page 42, Ivins indicated that he had aboutl I 1 ~----------------~ Other spore dilutions were documented as well. On 12/14/95, Ivins added! l 16 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012747Anthrax Page 1127 of 1446 To: Re: Washingtontlbld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fi~ b7F ~TB~~~~eKra{c~;n1E~e~vT:~uantn):~L.~L:~u.c-~y{(a~Ee~~c~e8:rDm~~r:n~aa.cEr~oann-~tPpaaggee-b6,Il.r-)oonn~the challenge sp~res 4 days after the rabbit challenge. 1 Ivins Experimental Protocolc:==:Jwas fo~allenge with Vollum 1~es. Another study ~n Notebookl___jis experimental Protocoll___jto see how much PA can be adsorbed to alhydrogel. From Mikesell's Notebook~~----~ Mikesell's Notebook~~------~ This notebook covered research conducted in 1991 and 1992. j I 17 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012748Anthrax Page 1128 of 1446 .? ~? .. To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ~ld FiJit b6 page 63. I The first reference to Ameg in Noh==>hrilihl I ; Q ,......n l Notebook #~I----~ J lmade a asked I 1 about sporulation. lab I lan produced by Ivins' group.] r notb; I worked in the fermentation ao access to all Ames material l 10/J ,/97 that I I Notebook . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ ~ 18 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012749Anthrax Page 1129 of 1446 .o. ~ Re: To: Washington Aeld 279A-WF-222~6-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 From: Washington Fie. used byl This notebook gave details on the production protocol I in 7/97. On 7/21/97 1 1 On 7/31/97, Ames concentrations were determined from dilutions of 10- 6 and 10-7 o Concentrations of 1. 85 x 10 9 cfu/ml and 2.36 x 10 9 cfu/ml, respectively, were obtained. On 9~15/97 ,I I received !!strains of Ba from University. A list of t~trains (identified by ~n-o-rno--~e=r~)~c~a~n~b~e-*ound on page 23 of notebook! Ames was not identifiable on the list. I On 9/22/97, plasmid p~eparations were made of Ames. The protocol is on pages 25 and 26 of notebook ~ On 11/4/97J !made dilutions of Ames to determ1ne I 19 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012750Anthrax Page 1130 of 1446 -, To: ? Re: Washington~eld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 0511512004 Fi~ concentration in order to prepare for an IM challenge the following week. On 3 I 17 I 981 strea k e d Ames onto SBA nlates for antibiotic testing and 1ncuEated overniqht. I I b7C F and I r-----1-'nn I made new stock page 105 1 1 I documented solnr i rm!::! t:h<=lt_ on p,Jr::.loP. 1 nrl I In Januarv 2000 I On 2 I 7 I 0 0 I I I and I lstreaked Ames on SBA plates and incubated them overnight in al I On 218100 they prepared startel' cultures by nntt,nq a loopful of Ames into a flask containing! 1 The flasks were 1 ~------------------~ 20 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012751Anthrax Page 1131 of 1446 vo ~ To: ' Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ~ld FiJII b7 Notebook L . . l_ _ _ . Notebook! is a continuation of notebook! referred to 11 harvest" in this notebook,! Whenever I the following protocol: I l I I used I I Paqe 59 of notebook! I refers to research with On 6/8/00 I at the stab sitel 1 lnoted that Ames showed lots of qrowth I The data supported the idea that Ba will show p art:.1aj_ or minimal clearing after prolonged incubation. 21 I USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012752Anthrax Page 1132 of 1446 To: .. Re: Washington~ld 279A-WF-222~6-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 From: Washington Fi41l b6 On 3/2/0~ jharvested AmesJ On 3/9/01,1 I harvested! I them the next day. 22 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012753Anthrax Page 1133 of 1446 To: -. Re: Washington~ld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fi~ next page, but there were no subsequent entries in notebook II Notebook ._1_ _ _ _ . This notebook included entries byl lfor an 8/20/90 study on antimicrobial susceotibilitv t.eRt_ina f'"'lr c:dv strains of Ba using two methods. I I 1 Iv~ns. I J.ne ancnrax cesc scra~ns were oht.t=lin~=>rl fr(')m I Notebook L - 1_ _. . . . . . Notebook I I included research bvl I :::mrl I I 23 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012754Anthrax Page 1134 of 1446 To: ? Re: Washington4lteld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fi41l On 1/8/97, meeting discussion suggestions regarding the b7C b7F In 7/97,1 I The 4/19/99 hamster challenge in this notebook used foreign strains of Ba, not Ames. An Ames challenge was conducted on hamsters on 5/11/99. Ivins prepared the Ames spores, and the urce is identified as RMR 1029 in the dilution scheme. RMR 1029 repared the Ames spores from RMR 1029 on 5/19/99. F 6/14/99,1 enge !diluted Ames for a challenge the 24 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012755Anthrax Page 1135 of 1446 .. To: - Re: Washington 279A-WF-222~-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ~ld From: Washington Fi~ hamster challenges using other non-Ames Ba strains were conducted during 7/99. NOTEBOOK . _ I_ _ _ _ . ? b7c b7F This notebook wasl notebook on various protocols including (but not limited to)l I On thatl ~ On pages 14 0 -141 of ;.N: .: o: . :;t; .:;e; ;b: :.: o: :.: o: :.:k.!:. . . ._l_ _..~lll.I.-_ _ _..JI...::d;:;:;o:::.::c.:..:u~m.l.!:e=:.:n:..:.t!;;;.e~d......., I received a culture inl I ~1-.d~~e-n-t~1~f1-e~d.---------~ ~ The contaminant was not further _________,In 12/94, notebook entries indicate that ~I--~~-~I worked together on subcloning experiments w1th I subtilis. E. I and I I freauentl v used Ames as a control strain During the 1992 research covered in Notebook! nr.i mr=~ri 1 v I rm 25 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012756Anthrax Page 1136 of 1446 o' I To: Re: Washingtontlbld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fi~ F Notebook . _ I_ _....... I I anthrax meeting in Page 7 ,documents thatl I;;.;;.;;.;;..;;;;.J,.-----~L.,;,;,.;;;;..o;/,=_..====-..=..;:;.:;;:.....;;:;,;=-...,1 lbeqan planninq for the b7F motJ.lJ.ty. lhad Ivins look at a slide for 11 He found some mot1le Bac~llus. 80 ... J.S thJ.s really B. anthracis, or is our culture contaminated? 11 I I 1 On 6/18/96, page 51 of Noteboo~ conducted an experiment atl 1 request I and to 26 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012757Anthrax Page 1137 of 1446 . : > I , '). To: Re: Washington . .eld 279A-WF-222~6-USAMRIID, 0511512004 From: Washington Fi41l control. ~~----------------~~performed some of the DNA preps for these projects. On 1011101,1 lbegan a preliminary growth studv with Ames to determine~~~----~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ b7C Notebook L . l_ _ _ _. . . . . . . On 3 I 1 0 I 9 8 , I ltested Ba strains includina Ames on I Page 42 of Notebook! and nurifif'.::d-inn of ~mP!=l I I shows "Fir a 5111198 production I On 9117198, Ivins~ Ames spores (3 x 10 10 cfulml) for an aerosol challenge with~Dilutions were plated out on TSA plates. The AGI dilution plates had counts of between 3.10 and 9.70 x 10 6 total spores. On 5/3/99 Ivinl=l ~~~~"'1-r~=>rl -fnr nne. n-F lAmes challenges.! I r I I 11 I 1 ll use the GLP Ames spores which are approximately 2. 5 x 10 10 cfulml. 11 On 2116199, Ivins wanted to immunize rabbits with Ames spores, ungerminated (refractile) and germinated. I I would immunize 10 rabbits with germinated spores in TriMix and 10 rabbits with ungerminated spores in TriMix. They planned to have the GLP Ames spores aamma irradiated I I b7F 27 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012758Anthrax Page 1138 of 1446 \ I .. To: ' Re: Washington~ld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fi41l F I (RMR 1029-GLP Ames snores) 1 I lanned a 5 000 ....__ _ _ ___. T e t J.s nu er was what was in the notebook and is not a typo) being used at a concentration of 2.5 x 10 10 cfu/ml. The entry could have been in error in that RMR 1029 was routinely used for th~se types of challenges. I On 9/10/01, Ivins noted that they would take vaccine to 9/18/01 and 10/16/.01 for immunization of 100 rabbits. There were no subsequent entries in this notebook. I on Page 85 documented a planned sche.~~--~ Ames challenge on 4/6/00. Much of Notebook VoJlum 1B challenge in mice. Work conducted also described. Notebook . _ I_ _ _ _ _ . ~:---~~,.,_ ____ ...., 28 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012759Anthrax Page 1139 of 1446 .. .... ( - To: '? Re: Washington ~ld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fi~ F Notebook This notebook covered a period of time including the second window of opportunity for the mailings of the anthrax letters. The first entry was on 10/5/01, and the second on 10/11/01. I I On 1/7/02,1 lbegan testing some st~ains for temperature sensitivity to see if spores remained heat resistant at high temperature. Ivins had done a preliminary study 11 a while 11 with Ames andl back Notebook ._1_ _ _ _ . Notebook I I included information on challenges of 29 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012760Anthrax Page 1140 of 1446 ...."'- ( " To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ald Fia F I notebook! I GLP Ames spores (descr~bed I were used to challenqe the vaccines. I ~n I I Ivins gavel ltunes conta~n~nql I I IGLP spores at I The GLP Ames spores were dilnt.edl I On 12/11/96 Ivins tookl I b7F lwere challenged with GLP Ames on 12/17/96. 30 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012761Anthrax Page 1141 of 1446 To: ,. Re: Washington4IJeld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 Fitlh F o ~----~--~------~~----~1. A note scrawled at the bottom of the page in Ivins writing and dated 10/3/01 indicated that 11 this experiment has been postponed indefinitely 11 o There were no subsequent entries. ADDITIONAL POTENTIALLY PERTINENT INFORMATION: On page 65 of Notebook I Ivins pasted in an e-mail from him lwith~~------~rresponse regarding the origin of the Ames strain. tol ?? [From the early 1990's to present, Ivins andl I used Ames from Ivins' 1985 subculture of the or~g~nal 31 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012762Anthrax Page 1142 of 1446 ) To: Re: Washington ...eld 279A-WF-222~6-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 From: Washington Fi41h On 2/6/02 (page 98 of Noteb~o~o~k~~--~~ Ivins took material from the original Ames slantl I and inoculated SBA. I 1 I but Ivins estimated the concentration! Tnese spores are from a primary subculture of the original slant we received in 1981. They are still highly viable." 1 I In Notebo~o~k~l______l~~nage 79 telephonically froml Jatl Ivins ..:J that he learned I that In Notebook page 97, Ivins and ~conducted a study to compare the~rences in colony counts on p ates using different pipetting techniques. Their counts did differ. II I From Notebook! during the early 1990 1 s,l had some problems with contaminated plates 1 but the cont~a-m~in_a_n_t~ was not identified. 1 !also worked with B. subtilus. In the early 1990 1 s/ Mikesell conducted research using some of !samples (various Ba and others) . In hi~~------~ research/ M1kese 1 used various types of media includinql I I I b7C Notebook I I coptaj ned From Notebook! LIvins combined and purified spore preparations of Vollum 1B in the same manner as Ames. Also in this notebook/ page 100 1 he documented a 3/18/96 ex~eriment to determine if there was any di +=+= in I I ~------------------~ 1 Tn1s exper1ment was conducted because 32 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012763Anthrax Page 1143 of 1446 ~ To: ~ Re: Washington ~ld From: Washington Fi~ 279A-WF-222J'!6-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ' I On page 44 of Notebook that he weighed out 11 b6 b7C F two have equivalent densities. It appears as though the 11 On 12/19/96, Ivins conducted a comparison of ninettes versus Pipetman tips for platinq. I I [When materials were shipped from a researcher at USAMRIID to another facility, the researcher prepared the vial, tube, plate, or other container of material and overpacked it in a canister or other overpack container. The overpack was then passed out of the containment suite through decontamination and taken to the shipping handler who further packaged it for shipment. He arranged for pickup of the material and physically sent the material out of USAMRIID.] Fermentation work in Suite Notebook I I D .. I Ivins T:t:cw :cace J2 (J2/JJ J97), in research with Bal inoculated : into a flask containinql I and another flask containinal r I b6 I The sPores were then nur1 f1 Prl t-hrrmah I r ml of RP4 spores at 5 x 10~ cfu/ml. the following: To inoculate! IIVJ.ns then had 75 On 2/10/98, Ivins described I fermenters ,I I I 33 ' USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012764Anthrax Page 1144 of 1446 -~ ( 1 """ ' To: Re: Washington Aeld From: Washington F i . 279A-WF-222~6-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 F On nacre 21 of Not-F>hnnkl I On 3/24/98r Ivins pasted! medium into not- .1. _, .I I version of RI Ivins noted on 4/17/98 thatl that 1)1 I andj I found I 34 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012765Anthrax Page 1145 of 1446 o \ 11 o' , To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222~6-USAMRIID, 05/15/2004 ~ld From: Washington F i . The following generalities were made from the notebooks: Heat shocking of Ames spore preparations was consistently done at 60?C for 45 min from at least 1994 to present. Heat shocking was done prior to each aerosol chaJJenge which used the Ames strain. [In a presentation byl J I I indicated that the purpose of heat sho~c~k~2~'n_g w_a~s to __ st2mulate germination and get rid of vegetative debris.] Colony counts to determine concentration of spore preps prior to injection or aerosolization were made sometimes only on TSA plates and sometimes on both TSA and SBA plates. The plates were routinely incubated overnight at 37?C and counted the following day. Spore concentrations were routinely documented as total concentrations for the whole preparation and as per-ml concentrations. Important note: The fifteen notebooks described herein were the laboratory notebooks obtained from Bruce Ivins in an interview in December 2003. Ivins was apparently asked for an assortment of notebooks used by researchers in his group, not for notebooks ? specific to Ames research. This collection of laboratory notebooks is only a small portion of the documentation of Ames research at USAMRIID. Additional pertinent notebooks will be obtained from USAMRIID and reviewed as the investigation progresses . oo \ 35 USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012766Anthrax Page 1146 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 12 50- b2, b7F 5! ~ b2, b7F 52- b2. b7F 53- b2. b7F 54 ~ b2, b7F 55- b2, b7F 56- b2, b7F !15 ~btl, b7C ll6-b6,b7C ll7-b6, b7C 1! 8 ~btl, b7C ll9-b6,b7C USAMRIID Section 16.pdf 012767Anthrax Page 1147 of 1446 'lit/ o '' ,,, 'FD-302 (Rev, 10-6-95) o - 1- o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 6 I 1 0 I 2 0 04 interviewed on June 2, 2004, at place emp oyment at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,! !provided the following information: b7C assumed that the anthrax materialc==Jwas working with lhad come from BRUCE IVINS. L I noted tha IVIN was the secondary Principal Investigator. (PI) wheneve:rb7c he provided material for a study. The material provided by IVINS was heat shocked in Room c:::J of Building 1412. IVINS brought the material for the aerosol challenges to Building 1412 in a stainless steel container. The steel container had an autoclavable bag ins~id~e--~ containing a double bagged bottle of the anthrax solution,~------~~~ saw the s ores bein re ared for the aerosol challen es. ; ! ~~~lstated that ten (10) milliliters of material were need for an aerosol -~hallenge. were given one (1) -Investigation on "' 061312004 at Frederick, MD Date dictated Filo # 279A-WF-222936 -U;AMRIID -~Q~ by ss~ SA NI A I 41553.wpd This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; I USAMRIID Section 17.pdf ~1---=====--r 012768Anthrax Page 1148 of 1446 , o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) t 1!- o o --4-----------~--------------------o0n 06/2/2004 , Page _.....::2=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of extra tube of material in case necessary. autoclaved at the end of the day. I The extra tube was The~m-a-t~e-r~i-a~1~t~h-a-t~-r-e_m_a~i~n-e-d~l~.n--~t~h-e------~ nebulizer was always autoclaved. The aerosol challenges were run for b6 ten (10) minutes. The entire process.to setup the challenge and b7c complete it would take approximately twenty (20) to twenty-five (25) minutes. I lnoted that there were always a lot of people present for the aerosol challen es. For each anthrax aerosol challen e there were always resent. recalled IVINS,~~--~~----~--~--~~------~~~~~--------------------~ I that lwere involved ln conductlng t e aeroso enges. r-----lsaid that the hood lines were not decontaminated between d~aerosol exposures. The all glass imp~~~~~~~ assed out to the PI for est-challenge plating. Is were ~m~a~t-e~r-l~a~~~~~--~~~~~~~~e~n~g~e~s~w~a~s autoclaved. At the end of the day, all ~~~------~~~--~ the cleaning process after an aerosol challenge as taking one (1) to two (2) hours. It took ninety (90) minutes to run the autoclave in the hood lines. at least one IVINS to lStated that IVINS the post-challenge work following an aerosol challeng~--~ the aerosol work was ke t in the refri erator in room b7F included The water used during the rax aeroso enges was provl e y IVINS. used in the aerosol chal1enges~o~f~t~o-x~l~n~s~,-h~o-w~e~v~e-r-,~ I I I I USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012769Anthrax Page 1149 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ....,.1 o ,Page_....:3:::.....__ b 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID __._____________~____________________ ,On 06/2/2004 Continuation ofFD-302 of was not used for anthrax. I lis unaware of anything else being added to the material being aerosolized. ....._ I Antifoam or the antifoam dilution was never used on anthrax elL aerosol challenges. If antifoam was used in a challenge, it would be b~ noted in the exposure logs. The antifoam was kept in a cabinet in room 'F The antifoam dilution was prepared as needed and was not kept as a stock item. If the dilution was placed into the hood, it would have been autoclaved out of the hood. The dilution would not have been prepared for an anthrax aerosol challenge. I ____ I from I I lreceivedr--ltraininq in the aerosol challenqel I b6 b7C 1 and. Wl.L.L 1w1ll attempt to locate the prov1d.e 1 t to the 1nterv1ewing agents at a future date. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012770Anthrax Page 1150 of 1446 -- --??? ----------------------------------------- FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~----------~----------------------oOn 06/2/2004 , Page __4=--- I Idid know whol I was. I I recalled b7C b7F Inoted that I ldid the a challenges fori with I lin rooml I of Building I I worked I 1 I !recalled tha1 somet1,es 1 I would be present during challenges. I I I Inever . ,.:S: :.:a: : .:w:.:. .~. .l--__,..~_.1 in ._I__ ?-----o1o:.w.,f Building I .___ ___.lrecalled seeingl lin roomSl I L...--......1 never saw wherel lparkedr==Jvehicl~ I speculate t at d near Bui!dingc:::Jl)ecausec=J office b7c was in that buildin . said that there were parking spots in the back of Buildin arkin s aces in the back of Building~~-~ were for never saw any lperslnally owned vehicles parked in the parking spaces behind Building USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012771Anthrax Page 1151 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of __JL______J - - - - - - - - - - - - , On 0 6/2/2 0 04 , Page .........;=;;::._- .____________.l~s not aware of 1....__ ____.1 ever v~s~t~ng Bu~ld~ng I.___ __. I lnever used the walk-in coolerl.___~-~~~~~---~___. of Buildin~g~1~4~1~2. I !said that some medi~ was kept in th~e~~---~-, floor walk in cooler. I lnever sawl 1-n thel I lsaid that the freezer ~::::::::-:_~~~~~::,p L...f~B~u-~'=""?l=-d-=-~-:-.n-g----~ was used to keep serum samples. 1 :1 I !recalled scientists from Russia visiting and touring through th~e-h~o~t~side of Building 1412. I lnever saw any other visitors on the hot side of the building. The Russians were never present for any aerosol challenges. I lnever signed for any foreign visitors at USAMRIID . .___~lis unaware of anyone showing any unusual interest in anthrax or anthrax challenges. handle an tested of the anthrax letters at USAMRIID. for anthrax. pos~t~ve I !agreed to provide any informationrl could locate to help in determiningc::Jwhereabouts during the matring periods. I lsaid thatc:Jwould not object from taking a polygraph relative to the AMERITHRAX investigation. ,, ,. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012772Anthrax Page 1152 of 1446 ~ ' -f,r .FD-302 (Rev. 1b-6-!\5) '\ ' o) .. oo - 1- o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription "' 06/30/2004 ~~~~~~~~~._ date of ____________~h~ome address home tele h~o~n~e~n~u~mn~e~r~--------~--, worK Eelephon was inte ewed at~--~ place of employment, the Uni ea""~s?t:a s Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. After being advised of the id,ntitl of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, provided the following information: .-----~..._-~""""lhas al ~de:ree inl 1 Ito USAM~R=I=I=D~1~n~~---~~~~~-----------~ lur ent l'Lworks in I worked with s occas1ona has mostl I L...---....1 I did not conduct a great deal of work on live Ba. ~1 . , _ 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I Investigation on File # by ___ t suites I I During this time ,I I spent a lot of time in the I 06/30/2004 at Frederick, Maryland N/A I \.)<,)Aff\~'l."l\J- ~~~ ..;2~7~9::.:::.A.:.-...:W~F=--.....;2:,2:.::.2.::;,9.::::3~6..L'--=2:..:7..:9:;,:,A.:::..-..:B;;;:A.:.-.....;C=;1F-0::..1::.3:::..::.9=.2....:-::...\.::~~~..::::::::~- Date dictated ~_!~~-----------~~----------------------------------------F=--~ I L.. This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ------~ USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012773Anthrax Page 1153 of 1446 ~ f FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ' ) ' o o 0 6 /3 0 /2 0 04 , Page --=2=--In approximately! 279A-WF-222936, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , On I 1worked J.n the same general area. I ldid not work with ~l~J.~.v-e--s-a_m_p~l-e-s-.~~-----rlo_c c_a_s~J.-o_n_a~l~l-y w_o_r~k~e-d~J.~n--~t~h-e~l~~~~~l suites at __ __ USAMRIID. ~--~ Aooroximatelvl I I I worked J.n BuJ.ldJ.ng 1425, andl lsupervJ.sor wa~s~~--------~1 Much of I I work during this time invol vedl r I has also worked with live Ba as works prirnajily w~~h has also worked with spores stores these samp and I receives the samp es in 1-milliliter vials containing 10 colony~-~ forming units per milliliter (cf,/ml) j Thes~les are stored in a -70-degree freezer in Building SuiteL____J approxima~years ~vised thatO has not been inside a D suite for . .----'-.....--~1 thinks that D has provided I I to employees withinl lwork group, but has never distributed I I had never used a 1 o hilizer, althou had I I had never oersonallv dried Ba and had never seen dried Ba ~I I USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012774Anthrax Page 1154 of 1446 ) .~ F0-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~l...------------...1---------- , On f' 279A-WF-222936, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of 0 6 /3 0 /2 0 04 , Page _ _:3::;..__ ~-~-~~------~~-~~~-~--~T~h~e~~e~n~t~i~re sample was used during this process. In addition, was currently conducting work on a sample of drie~-n~~~~~ I ~as not sure whether the Ba Ames he received ori inated from BRUCE IVINS stated that lwas not sure whether the strains of Bar--lused were fully char~a-c~t-e~rized. However,c==Jknew USAMRIID had a~smid profile for the Ba, and heard that the strains had been sequenced. lonlv worked with one live Ba Ames sample, desiqnated !worked withl I r-----------~lr_e_c_e~~-v-e~d the sample froml I I ~----~--~~~~~~~ I I !records some ofr--lwork in laboratory notebooks. Oalso maintains folders of c:::J'WOrk inc:Jdesk. I lwas unaware of any areas of USAMRIID which had problems with bacterial contamination. The last timel !visited Buildin~12 was in I I soD could not recall whetherL_Jwas familiar with the walk-in cooler, Room~~-----~ had not noticed any 11 piggybacking 11 into the hot suites. I lwas familiar with Sterilite containers, and remarked that there was one such container in Building 1425, Suita I believed that items such as these were usually bought via USAMRIID's Purchasing Unit. However, many employees found it cheaper and faster to go to Walmart or to the Commissary to buy less expensive items such as the Sterilite boxes or powdered milk. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012775Anthrax Page 1155 of 1446 ~ FD-302a (Rev. l'O .. G-95) I r ' J ' ,, 279A-WF-222936, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --4-----------....__________ ,On 0 6 /3 0 /2 0 04 , Page --=--b7C !main function regarding I !could not recall wheth~e-r-S~t~e-r~1~l~i~t-e~b-o_x_e_s_w_e_r_e_u_s_e~d-~ to store any supplies .___-.;-----::~-~r------.....1 had never seen nor purchased pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the mailings. Since! I r----lwas not familiar with the standard? operating procedures-TS5Ps) for decontamination of Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets inc=Jwork areas. I I I During~ !was working at USAMRIID, althou~had nol !calendar or other way of assisting wit~ssible determination ofc::]whereabouts during this period. L__jdid recall that D and man others ha laced on a hei htened work schedule after ~~~~~~~----~~------~~did wonder why the person who mailed the letters did not try to kill more people. .__u_e_s~tionable behavior or raised !provided the names of several believed assessed the knowledge, ability, and access required to perpetuate the attacks. I ~as another individual whom c===Jbelieved may have b~~ri4?ap?Die of mailing the anthrax-laced letters. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012776Anthrax Page 1156 of 1446 -------------------------------------------. ;. F0-302a (Rev. 1'0..6-95) ? ~ l I l. \' 279A-WF-222936, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --lJ___________Jif--------- , On 0 6 I 3 0 I 2 0 04 , Page -5-- 1 speculated that it Lw_o_u.... d..---ha--v--e___,.b-~e-e n v e_ry-----e--a--s--y,.....,.,..., __ l_..,..... ______ __ to"""r.,-~lr----,_lt=o-~k~e"""e~p part of the sample for ~ I I . . ____ ____, Finally, I j r I IVLJ ,~-~~------------------------------------------~~~ I ------~~---~~ad never been a member of thel I Moreover, 0had never hosted any foreJ.gn VJ.SJ.tJ.ng scientists. I It should be noted thatl USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012777Anthrax Page 1157 of 1446 :ti , FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) "\I - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date o f transcription 04/09/2004 of r-------------,-------~--~~--~--~~~--~telephone~n~M~mb~~e~r~--~ Lr-------------.....L.!lw~a!:.!:s~c::::.:o~n~t~ai:.l:c~ted at I date ----~~::~08.2004='----~~~--~~~~~--------~I of Social Security Account Number! place of employment, I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~located atl~-----~~--------------~lwas ~dvised of the 1dent1t1es of the interviewing Agents and the purpose for the interview. I lwas interviewed using a list of questions provided by s~ I I !provided a three(3) page, vitae which detailsc:=J academic ach1evements and employment history. A copy of that 1s attached to and made a part of this documen~ . .' This FD~302 will be written with response to specifically enumerated questions. If the answer to that question was negative that will be noted. 1) I lwork~d at USAMRIDD duringl I ~~~~~~~~~~~-,--~--~------~~--~~------------~ladv1sed that during this timeL_Jhad no contact w1th any Bac1lTus anthracis Ba materials. . I Iadvised that during this period worked for several invest1gators including:L~----------------------------------~ I I :::~n"td ~~a t-_ha t r l _, _, as a lr-----------------------,1 o advised that is that Investigation on 0 4 I 0 8 I 04 at File# by~L 279A-WF{@293"0\a c:' ' ? - \)SI\M9..l.~ .. ~'=\ ~~~--------~--~----------------------- . Dated ictated ______________________ }-----------------------~--------o USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 04 I 0 9 I 04 This document'contains neither recommendations nor conclusions o fthe FBI. I tis the property fthe FBI and is I oaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to bed istributed outside your agency, 012778Anthrax Page 1158 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) '~ 279A-WF-22936 o ---~------------~----------------~?On 04/08/04 2 ,Page _ _ __ Continuation ofFD-302 of .-----------~I=n~l______________~l~w~a~s~p~r~omoted to the position of ~~~~----~~------~--------------------~l~s~a~i~d~r--1--~supervisors during this period were-~1----------------------------:==J--~ ? .-----------=2"'-)__,_1______-\1 said the only Bj component D worked with was ~------------------~I use~ during the I ? , 3) -~-~~----..JI advised vegetative ceils. D never worked with either spores or 4) ~~~----~ladvise~pever worked with any modified G sporulation media. 5) techniques . 6) Ba~ ~----.....1 advised 'D worked with neither culture ~--__.....l'advisedc=Jnever did any work with drying of advised that . received that material from wor w1t advised t~atc==Jdid not know ~f materials Ames stra1n or any other stra1n. ',, 8) .~~----":""':"~lsaid thatc:Jhad no 'specific knowledge about ~----~leo-workers that may have expertise with weaponization techniques, spore production or lyophilizing. I Isaid D recall the names everal?peoP,le that may have been workin was there. said recalls did who worked on s ore production,~------~----------------~-----J ~-------------------------JBruce Ivins, who was know as an expert on Ba . I advised D was not aware <:>f ar;y ., 9) I suites that had problems with bacterial contam1nat1on~.----------' 10) I lwas provided with the floor plans which were is the four 4) pages of This reflects In that package! !marked e right sid.e of the page and denoted as~l----------------------~1 material which page. one w1th "back entrance" on USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012779Anthrax Page 1159 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-22936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ---~~~~~~---------------------LoOn 04/08/04 3 , Page ________ s a three(3) document that starts This reflects In t at package[ [noted area of t e asement on~onel I On page two, which is thel____j floor of the building ,___ ___.noted a number of areas. Noted as "1" is the[ I "2" is the air lock,' "3-5" are various labs, "6" is the en ranee to the animal rooms located in the portion of the building, 11 7 11 denotes the area where Bruce Ivins conducted his work and "8" is another lab room. On age three, identified as the I Ifloor of the building advised had? been in the following area: "1" and "2" "3" main work lab, "4" supplemental lab, "5" em~~oyee room, "6" a,n animal roomr-1----, I ~ J "7" storage used to store reagents and "8"[ lab. The D The marked.floor plans are attached to and made a part of this document. ? ?, 1l) dadvised thatrl had acc,ess to both the hot areas of build~ng 141 and the walk=Ill cooler that is numbered as ~ooml [advised that a number of people had access to that cooler and that the cooler itself had no security system. s ecificall' recalled ?I . I '-s~t::-o':""::c~k~s~~!"":n~t~h~e----:c~o~o~>l~,e-=--r~a~n~LCi~~~t--:-w~a~s:--:n~ot unusual for one worker to 1sa~d that many workers Kept: t:ne~r borrow the stock from another in the cooler without needing to ask permission. I [advisedL:] recalled seeing cultures labeled "ant:P,rax" on plates and ~n petri dishes also stored iil; the cooler. ~aidc:J.also recalled seeing a reagent stored there. believes ~twas labeled._I______~J c==J USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012780Anthrax Page 1160 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~============================~L_,On 04/08/04 ,Page _ _ __ 2.79A-WF-22936' Continuation ofFD-302 of 4 ~3} the hot afeafb~ I ladvis.ed that someone could take items from jecreting them and carrying them through the airlock. said it also may be possible to place an item in the passbox rom the hot side and then retrieve it on the cold side. !said it, may. also be possible to remove items by sending them to the autoclave in the basement and then retrieving them prior of operation of. it. ~ said he did not know if the autoclave had to function in or er to open the exit door after p~tting an item into it. ' I I 14} Select Agent for an I 1~proper lwas not aware of anyone who would use a purpose. is) lwas?not aware of anyone with the access and ability to create or !landle dangerous biological agents and expressed hostile? attitudes toward.political organizations, the media or others. ~6 I this investi l7) lwas not aware of people at the lab who were lax in handling of da~gerous items or expressed an inappropriate interest in harmful agents. I ~8) . 19) I I interest in biologica !was not aware of anyone with an inappropriate or chemiqal agents. 1a:dvised dry~ng Ba and sending,it ?through the mail . D has no knowledge or interest in . 20} !advised was not aware of anyone who had an interest 1n ~e1ng able to get around for~nsic techniques. I D USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012781Anthrax Page 1161 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I ?. '279A-WF-22936 Continuation ofFD-302 of __._I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____,J_I_ , On 04/08/04 5 ,Page _ _ __ 21> advised does not have nor wasOaware of anyone with personal or profess1onal a~sociation with any area of New Jersey. 22) ladvisedL:]did not tr~l to New Jersey during September or October of 2001, nor is~aware of any iates doina so. I !advised that I 0 I I I 23) Iadvisedc::J was aware of SOPS for decontamination of biosafety work cabinets. c::Jadvised that typically the decontamination was conducted by putting items to be sterilized in the air locks and'then placing boiling pans of formaldehyde in the air locks. I 24) I !advised that whileOwas at USAMRIID the virology labs were decontaminated on a regular basis. ~said that at least once a month they would have "decon days 11 , usualy on a?? Friday. I decontaminatiohL-a----g-.e--~..... ? in .the t.,Js 26) 25) I Iadvised p has smelled bacterial suites . I L-_ __.1 advised D never? used sterilte boxes for stdrage. .. . 27) ? u~recorded ~a I lsaid0 was. not aware of an unauthorized or work being conducted. 28) ~advised that all of O l a b work was recorded in, 'books that were 1e t at USAMRIID. . . 29) I .____. . Iadvised D . never purchased any pre- stamped envelopes. 3 0) . advised never us.ed the vending machines at Fr.ederick to purchase. pre-stampea envelopes . ., . 31) I !advised. thatOnever personally handled any of the anthrax letters. ? /... 32) Jadvi~ed that work' on the ev1dence 1n th1S case. I I D I D has not done any analytical ' .. ' ... o' ' ",'' '' ' .. . ?~ )' USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012782Anthrax Page 1162 of 1446 279A-WF-22936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------------------~-- ,On 04/08/04 6 ,Page _ _ __ Questions r.egarding .----....__ __,1 1) . _ !_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ . .____. . Iadvised D . 1d i knew...___ _ _ _ _ _ ___,_ ____. I of places ;! L 3) nJidvisjf0Q,~j~fi~...d s_e_e_~_?n_g l________l_i_n__a__n_u_mb e_r---J __ __ ___ ldid not know whenl I into an area:~..-______. 4) I Iadvised. thatD never let I 11 ~----~ 11 piggy-back 11 5) I ladvisedr-lnever observed! lmoving eqUipment or removing it from-the building. ~...-_____...... 6 believed worked in'the but could not state dvised that removed c:tt~empt 9) cooler, room at .. n advised r"l observed5J both near the on . the ~side of 10) ?I I said I I never askedOfor any isolates, equipment or access to other USAMRIID locations. 11) a_dvised that other than in ~oom._l_ _ _ _ _..... may have stored samples in c==Jlab. 12) lsaidD was not may have brought to the laB. ~---~~~--~~~~~ I I I ~ware of any sa~plesl ~--------....1 . _ I_ _ 13) I Iadvised tha~...._ _ _.....lnever - discussed - -...~ USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012783Anthrax Page 1163 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-22936 Continuation ofFD-302 of ~----------------------~~-----L__ ,On 04/08/04 14) 15) ,Page _ __ 7 I said ~.-I_ ____.I said j_ that! I never di~cussed I 0 I killing people. 16) ~--~ Inever made any references to I !saidl r----------1o7~)~------L-1~a~dv~i2 ~e~d~~----~~----~lnever discussed s -anthrax. ~~~~~~------------------------~~ 18) the possibility of mailing ~--------------------------------~1 20) I said I Inever mentioned ,. . 19 ). I I sai~Dwas not aware if connections to Pr~ncetown, New Jersey. .~----------~ ____JIhad any I L - 1_ _ _ _ 1------~lsaid~------------------------------------~ I said! lsaidl 21) 22) activities~! 23) ladvisedOhas no knowledge ___________________________. 24) 25) of~~-----....1 Iadvised! ~aidr=Jhas not had any contact withl L--.--------------------------------------~1 26) r~garding this invest~gation. I ladvisedr=Jh~s'no further information ~.----~ USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012784Anthrax Page 1164 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6~95) \ 279A-WF-22936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~============================L_.~ 04/08/04 8 ,Page _ _ __ b6 b7C USAMRIID nor wasladyisedr=]neyer hosted any foreign scientists at I I I .. ': ' :? ' USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012785Anthrax Page 1165 of 1446 .,. FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 5 I 13 I 2 0 0 4 ;J I date of birth I I social security numberl I was interviewed on May 10, 2004, atc::Jplace of employment at the United States Army Medical Inst1tute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, I ~rovided the following information: I lhas worked at Fort Detrick sincel I ~----~--~~~----------~--~--~~lstated thatl lhad conducted aerosol challenges as part ofl I work 1 and thatc:Jhad conducted Anthrax aerosol challenges. I I said thatl I I L..,..,...-.......,----.-------.--......---.....1 said thatl_j has seen a glass bottle of Ital1an ol1ve o1l 1n one of the aerosol rooms at USAMRIID, however, could not recall exactly where. I I Investigation on 0511012004 at Frederick, MD Date dictated File# by ~79A-WF-222936-U,AMRIID -'&.!..~ s~,_LP___,...,4,..,1..,.3,..,4..... -wp-a.....-..... _ 4-. NI A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It " tho , , . _ of tho FBI ond " loonod to yoo D USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012786Anthrax Page 1166 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page --=--b7C ?279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ---~-----------..1--------:--- ,On 0 5 I 10 /2 0 04 Continuation ofFD-302 of regarding what other mater1als to add to the aerosol process. to 1....--------' during the aerosol process is not aware of where the I lsaid that BRUCE IVINS did most of the post-challenge ,..t::.:===-;following Anthrax aerosol challenges Owas involved in. ~~~~~rr~e~c~a lled some pfst-challfnge material being taken back to 9 ~--~for work._ ~ _is unaware of what the colony counts post-challenge plat1ng are. does not know how?much ' ' L..--~--:------:-----:-----.r--~ 1/ I> state t at a ter t e co ony counts were enge plates, if there was grow?th on the plates, the practice is to autoclave the plates in the hood line prior to disposal by whomever was reading them. After the plates are autoclaved, they are taken to the basement and autoclaved again. The bags taken to the basement only have the room number, initials of who was disposing of it, and the date. I I has noticed material left in the.hood line, but always with a note explaining what the material was and who left it. I I never saw plating of material remaining from the nebulizer done at USAMRIID. ~t~h~e----s~;t~,o~ck lhas never seen the mater1al from a nebul1zer poured back into of material. ~s not aware of what stock the material withl came from or who had made it. ~-~~---_.lw~a~s~a~w~a~r~e~o~f what strains of anthraxc=J was working I !recalled that roomsl !contained the aerosol egu1pment and the small autoclaves. I !believed that rooms! lhad lab space. ll lnever noticed anyone extra USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012787Anthrax Page 1167 of 1446 { I ') FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - L - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . 1 - - - - - - - - - , On OS /10/2 0 04 ---'3"---- or anyone who did not need to be present in rooms ~~--------~lduring the aerosol challenges. I !supposed that if an individual wanted to remove material from the hot side of Building! lthat they could use the airlock or passbox systems. I boted that individuals fromc==J would use this process to remove items from the hot side of the building. I lwas shown a picture of a circular llexiglass disc with a rubber edge for identification purposes. lwas unaware of any equipment that the disc might have come from. I I said that the disc possibly could have come from the ports on the 11 8-ball". The 11 8-ball" is the old cloud room that has been memorialized across the road from where Building c:Jwas at Fort Detrick. hallway. Building! recalled] l lrr---------11 knew I I from passing in the I had taken the equipment from the penthouse of Ito take from USAMRIID. I I? I ~----~---~~~never saw~?n the rooms whe-~~~~~ lis not aware of any activity thatl in 29 challenges were conducted. noted that whe~n.___~~~ inl I had a re~ eft USAMRIID. t I I drovr or :;rb;r7 parked at USAMRI~D. ay have sien_ -. _ ~n t e basement of Bu~ld~~n~~~~ never saw_ on the hot side of Building ......___~ ~------~lnever saw a pre-stamped envelope at USAMRIID. !conducts I lat USAMRIID. Initially USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012788Anthrax Page 1168 of 1446 t .. .. ..r. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 0 5/10 /2 0 04 , Page --===--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L----------...J----:------ , On I !recalled researchers from Johns Hopkins using sterilight boxes at USAMRIID. I stated that there are still units in the containment areas of USAMRIID. I lsaid that~l~~--~ I lwould know who exactly was using the boxes. positive on last name) . at USAMRIID. r saw any visitor USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012789Anthrax Page 1169 of 1446 - .. ?o1;;02 (Rev. 10-6-95) - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 05/13/200~ ~--------~1 social security number:l ....__~~~~~~~~ On 05I0712004, 1~----~--~----------~--~ldate of birth: lhome address:! I b7C r-----------~--~~--~--~~---r--~~----~=---~I.Cell: was interviewed at L__j residence. After being advised of the idjntitr of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, provided the following information. I lwas employed at U~RIIDI~------------------------~1 ~---------L----~~~~and at USAMRIID was worked on 'tes inyolvin in the Bio-- AMES stra~n was use ~--~lhas never used the modified G sporulation media . .____~!has never used any culture techniques. Investigation on File# by ----------~~-------------------- 0510712004 at ~----------------------~---------------------------------------------------------------Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- '0~~ I !Postal Inspector I Postal Inspector 0 5 I 13 I 2 0 0 4 r This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. .______~ USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012790Anthrax Page 1170 of 1446 I I I I FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . o --L---------..J--------- ,On 05/07/2004 ,Page--=--bE: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of r====Jhas never dried B. anthracis or used a lyophilizer. c====Jdoes not know of any persons who had expertise in weaponization techniques, spore production or lyophilizing. advised that in area had a roblem with contamination from Anthrax. The ipaL4ent caused a big uproar in the Bacteriology Division and th tl__jremembers coming into work and noticing the area roped off and hearing reports of a contamination spill. ? routinel worked in buildin b6 I lhas used the hot area of building 1412 and the walkin cooler room~~--------~ladvised that the cooler was used by the researchers and BRUCE IVINS to store media and live viruses when nor hejpq JJSed jp the hot suites. r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~ ~~-----------~~--~--~~------~------------~laiso sald that the was never locked and that various researchers used the area to store samples and was unaware of any AMES Ba samples being left behind in the room . room I that people did 11 piggy-back 11 in and out of the hot areas at USAMRIID but it was due to the fact that most people did not realize that it h~ened due to the badge access devices not working correctly. L_Jalso said that. people would forget their badges and were let into an area by a co-worker. .___...JI advised I !advised that visiting scientists were taken into the hot areas at USAMRIID but were always escorted and all select agents were removed from the area before the visit. I lsaid the biggest group to tour the hot areas were groups from Russia. I !said that it would be very easy for someone to remove select agents from the hot areas that they could do this by ~ng a vial into a pocket or just holding it in their hand. L___Jsaid that the select agents used were super concentrated and that the person removing an agent would be putting themselves into a position of infecting themselves. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012791Anthrax Page 1171 of 1446 . . ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o _JL___________ J - - - - - - - - - - , On 0 5 /0 7/2 0 04 , Page _....:3::...__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~--~lis knowledge to make ability to create I lis ability to create expressed hostile the media. unaware of anyone who wanted access or the bioweapons or of anyone with the access or the them. unaware of any persons with the access and or handle dangerous biological agentsr or who attitudes toward any political organization or L.......,--~1. has never worked with anyone in I I that was lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents. r---ladvised that people inl lwould limit the number of:peOple that they would work. I lhas never heard of any rumors of anyone interested in obtaining anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them. I I could not say how would go about Ba and se~it through the mail. said that it in liquid form and that D ~I----~1 ~--------------------------~ ! l i s unaware of anyone who expressed a special interest tn-Eeing able to get around forensic techniques. ldoes not have any relatives or professional associatio~n--w~i~th Trentonr New Jersey 1 Princeton or any other area of New Jersey. did not travel to New Jerse 2001 and or October I !advised Class II and Class III of USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012792Anthrax Page 1172 of 1446 o o I FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o oo OS/07/2004 ,Page _ _4=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L---------J--------- ,On r---ladvised that it was rare to leave vials of Ba under the hood-ltne-!Or any period of time after being used for the aerosol challenges but that it did happen one or two times due to beinq busy with other work and the lack of supervision. I I ~----~-~lhas smelled bleach in the virology suites but not in ~------------~lareas. r---lhas never used any plastic storage containers, such as steriltte-Etxes for storage of research materials and has never seen any at USAMRIID. I lis unaware of any work being conducted with Ba or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded. did not kee lab notebooks however did advise ~--~lhas never purchased pre-stamped envelopes like the ones used in the mailings fori or for anyone else. has also never used the vending machines ln Frederick to purchase prestamped envelopes. I D ~~--~ldid not handle nay of the anthrax-laced letters or envelopes. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012793Anthrax Page 1173 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . .. ' o D ldid not know I I ldid not knowl \ o 05/07/2004 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l t - - - - - - - - ' O n 5 b6 r---lhas not done any of the analytical work on the evidence rn-tEis case. r---l advised that has never seen any empty olive oil bottles in~hot areas at USAMRIID and said thatl I I I I I \ I I I ~--~lhas rieverl~----------------------------------~1 I . lcould not frovide investigators with any other information ~n regards to_ lor in reference to the anthrax mailings. ~did not host any foreign visitors. I lwas not ~~------------------------------------__. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012794Anthrax Page 1174 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o ., .. - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 06/03/2004 date of birth as 1nterviewed by Special Agents~------~ at lace of employment at the U.S. Army ~M~e-d~1-c-a~l~R~e--s_e_a_r_c~h~I=n--s~titu?~t~e~o~f Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft Detrick, Maryland, I I After being advised of the identities of the interviewing Agents and the nature of the interview, I !voluntarily provided the following information: ut1 1ze Ames stoc rom ~Rg~ 1s pretty sure that IVINS received that Ames tock ~--~P~roving Ground as part of thel I ~--------------~CJ The notes obtained bv SAl !indicated that the The stock of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) used for the aerosolization studies are diluted to the appropriate concentrations using! I b6 b? F Investigation on 6 2 004 at -----~----~--~~------------------------------ Frederick, Maryland File# 279A-WF-22293 6-USAMRirrlf 279A-BA-C101392 7 b6 by _ _ ~-~~~------------~~------------'-J_6_q_8____________________ ~ It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; Date dictated N/A ihis document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012795Anthrax Page 1175 of 1446 D~ ba 6. c,Jf&1 Back Of Page ~ $~ ' ' . J \ . ( ' ' ' . I USAMRIID Section 17.pdf ~ 012796Anthrax Page 1176 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ' ..... o ______________ ,On 279A-WF~222936-USAMRIID; 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation of FD-302 of --~------------------j- 6/2/2004 ,Page -2- ...._~--.---=----~~,...1 If the autoclave J..S J..n use, the bagged materials are left under the hood until the autoclave is ready for another load. The materials from the studies are either in the autoclave or under the hood; it never leaves the hot suite without being autoclaved. Only animal carcasses are taken out of the hot suite without autoclaving. Protocol maintains that the carcasses be transported to the animal room in the basement of Building 1412 to be autoclaved. I I I Everyone I I knows the rules and procedures. For example, I I I I The Agent Registry sheet I lwas aiven to the FBI durina a orior 1.nterv1.ew. I I I I I This vial was left-over from prev1.ous researchers and was from BRUCE IVINS' collection. That vial has since been collected by the FBI, soecificallv bv Soecial Aaentl I c::::Jagreed to give the FBI copies ofc:::l+esearch notes froffil___Jinotebook located in the hot suite~will either scan or fax the pages to the cold side and will also look for other not~s maintained by agreed to contact SAL___Jonce the copies are ready. of an USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012797Anthrax Page 1177 of 1446 FD-302 ~ev. I 0-6-95) o - 1o o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0 6 I 0 3 I 2 0 0 4-b 6 b7C of birthl I social security numberl I was interviewed on June 2, 2004, atc::Jplace of employment at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview, I !provided the following information: I I date L-.~--~~~ stated of anthrax Arne 1n t e aeroso challenges, challenges that did not have a ~~--~--~~~~~~~ did not always being handled during the aerosol L_ education! I was educated as a I I As part of I I lwas educated in some aerosol topics I I L-----~ L-------~lnever worked withL-----------------------------~ L----~--~ldoes not recall any Primary Investigator (PI) ever wanting the material remaining in the nebulizer following an aerosol challenge returned to them. I !recalled rare occasions ofl I the hood 'lines. ~~~----~~lo~n~l~v~a~utoclaved material by using the autoclave in I autoclaved everything in the hood line. Investigation on 061212004 at Frederick, MD Date dictated File # by ~~b~~E~ 22 2 ~ 3 6 ~ IIS~!:lll IID - 0/j SA~?~~4~1~5~5~1~.-wp~d~--------------~ NI A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; I D USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012798Anthrax Page 1178 of 1446 r---------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__________________r______________ ,On 06/3/2004 , Page _....:2;;:___ ~----~--~!recalled sometimes the material collected in the alr glass impinger (AGI) was turned over tol J immediately following a challenge and so~m~e~t~~~m~e~s~t~h~e~A~G~I~m~a~t~e~r~i~a~l~w~a~sr-~ turned over once several challenges had been completed. ~~k~e~p~>t~~~n~~t:~n~e-~t~~r~s~t~~t:~loor refrigerator in Building 1412. II'he material that was turned over to I I was The material was kept for long amounts of time in the first floor refrigerator. I I is not aware of how the post-challenge material 1 including the post-challenge plates 1 were disposed of. lalways labeled the tubes taken from the hood line containing the post-challenge material with unique identifiers. ~------~lwas aware of one occasion in which antifoam was utilized ~n an aerosol challenge of anthrax. The occurrence took place during onF> F>nt.irF> n;::nr ,...,.p .::::1 ,, f"'h:::.11 hl'>inn -"? -" -!=,.....,... IVINS. I I lcould not recall ~t~:.n-~e--d~,a-t~e---o-n--w~n:~-c~!h~t~:h-:~~s--e_v_e_n~t--o_c_c_u_r_r_e~d~.~~r--------T-rs~t-a~ted that the use of antifoam was not standard procedure for anthrax aerosol challenaes. I which strain of anthrax was used durin this not recall I lstated that antifoam was never added to the nebulizer dur~ng an anthrax aerosol challenge. Antifoam was the nebulizer as art of the aerosol rocess for other a....,,.....,"'=""-".-::"":'~=-:'--=~::--::":::'l=-::-==~-::::-"":1:"1::-e=--a=e":'!r:-:::o~s:-:::o:-r--::p::-:r:::-o=-c==e-=s:-=-'s. ~s~~~a~w~a re to I o any 9I does not process. use the antifoam as of the aerosol USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012799Anthrax Page 1179 of 1446 t' Q .:: 'o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _....:3:::..,__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L-----------------~---------------'On06/3/2004 it is possible that if antifoam was utilized in an aerosol challen e that it would not have been noted in the lo s. never introduced olive oil to the aerosol challen e rocess. a ternat~ve to ant~ oam. as an of turnover in the de artment. to I ldoes not recall anyone showing any unusual interest in the aerosol process. ~--------------------------------------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012800Anthrax Page 1180 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF ,INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: From: PRIORITY Attn: SAl Date: 07/07/2004 b6 Washington Field~ Squ~a-d~A~m-e-r-~~?t~h~r--ax--~3--------~ b7C b7C Approved By: Drafted By: 1;:::===========~--. Case ID #; 279A-WF-222936-LEAD"'(coi(:Pending) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-~z1Pending) Title: AMERITHRAX MAJOR CASE l84 Synopsis: ~------------------~interviewed in~l------------~ Reference: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Serial 563 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 758 Enclosure (s}: (1) FD 302 of dated 7/7/04. (2) lA envelope containing interview notes and notated USAMRIID floor plans. Details: The purpose of this communication is to provide a cover for the enclosed FD-302 and associated documentation. Close lead. In summar:, I I b6 I can testlty concernlng the work environment and standard operating procedures I but has no knowledqe of anv potentially illeqal activitv. I c::::::::J I Descriptive Data: Reference Name Last: .'\' USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012801Anthrax Page 1181 of 1446 ' ',J'Af/IJ T.o: ~ Re: Washington From: I 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 07/b~~'7~/~2~o~o4~--~ Fi~d o First: Middle: Race: Sex: DOB: SSN: Address(es) House #: Street Name: Street Suffix: City: State: Postal Code: Phone #: Phone #: Phone #: cell) oo 2 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012802Anthrax Page 1182 of 1446 ? FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) } ' . o - 1- DATE 12-16-2008 BY 60324 UC BAl,J/DK/TH FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 6 I 2 8 I 2 0 0~ of birth I I was c:::::::J place of employment at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,~~--~ provided the following information: interviewe._d~o-n--=J=-u-n-e---:2:::-2:::--,---:::=2-:::-1004, at I date ' Building~igned ~log sheet. _c:::]stated that everyone involved in? an aerosol challenge in said that ....___---;:::==~ was not an unusual request . ~.......o::-=--.....1 never saw present for an anthrax aerosol challenge. ~--------...... I I roomsl ~~--------~~w~o~uld dispose of challenoe material in the autoclave in lin Buildinql .______.lrecalled that post-challenge material was stored in the first floor cooler in Building 1412. This included the AGis utilized in the aerosol challenges. I Ibelieved that probably used anti foam on anthrax aerosol c~ges, however, could not recall a specific instance. I !was taught the aerosol process and proper uses for antifoam by D Investigation on File# by 0612212004 at Frederick, MD ?~~~ Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID PI SA041801.wpd I I NI A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property or' the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012803Anthrax Page 1183 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --LJ_________ o b6 J - - I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ,On Continuation ofFD-302 of 06/22/2004 ,Page -2.:... ~a-e_r_o_s_o~l-p_r_o_c_e_s_s-,~h-<o_w_e_v_e~r,r-lnever used it. I !believed that there might have been a small g~~ttle of olive oil in the cabinet in roomc:::Jof Building 1412. L___j could not recall the brand of oil. All trash made in Buildingc===J would be autoclaved in the basement. lhad heard that olive oil could be used? in the I I !BRUCE IVINS determined which ~~~----~------~--~~--------~ stocks would be used on each challenge. I lwas shown a COPY of the aerosol exposure data formsl USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012804Anthrax Page 1184 of 1446 I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -~lJ o o 1 I On 06/03/2004, Special Agent (SA) collected twenty-five ~4.5) Bacillus anthrac~l-s--=A-m_e_s_s_p_o_r_e_ ___. samples from Dr. BRUCE E~VINS in Suitec:Jof the Bacteriology Division of T~U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. In an FD-302 dated 06/08/2004, SAl !described the collected samples in tabular format. Sample number six (6), further described as "Ames spores 2433 CDC 7738", which consisted of nine (9) milliliters of a liquid suspension, was a sample from IVINS that had previously been stored in building! lof USAMRIID. The saill@le~ been submitted to the FBI Ames Repository byl ____ lof USAMRIID as submission FBIR047 on 04/07/2004. . I t3 /?-. b7 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012805Anthrax Page 1185 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1\ o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION .07 /22/20J On July 22, 2004, I interviewed at their place of emploYment at the I Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . I !provided the following information: u.-s. 1\irmv~edica J_were ,[I ;::::\I b6 j"Vb 1 I I stated that I I .b: b' I b/i F informed Special Agentl__jthat the owner of thel I ' lbo lb stra1n was prov1ded by stock. - BRUC~IVINS I The original stock of the Ames on April 22, 2002 from the~ ' b6 Investigation on 7/22/04 m Fort Detrick, Maryland -~'\~ Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ . N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It 'is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012806Anthrax Page 1186 of 1446 Back Of Page b7C ~>+~.,..._ ___ I I USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012807Anthrax Page 1187 of 1446 o' (Rev. 01-31-2<l03) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTIN~ o Date: Attn: IICI SSA SSA 07/14/2004 b6 Washington Field SA~~~--------------~~ USPI~I--------------~~ From: Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: SA b7C Qill) c=J Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID~ (Pending)-~~~ Title: AMERITHRAX MAJOR CASE 184 0 b 7c Synopsis: To summarize information obtained from five archived' laboratory not?ebooks. which pertained to activities and experiments conducted byl IDr. Bruce Ivins I I at the United States Army Medical Institute for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. I Details: In June 004, five laborator notebooks f r o m 6 IDr. Br ce Ivins at. USAM IID Were~eviewed. Entr es in-these note oo s were made by Ivins, and various otfier individuals, both known and un nown. The information contained herein was obtained from the notebooks. Numbers are assigned by the USAMRIID library to al1 laboratory notebooks issued to Principal Investigators. The notebooks can,be turned in to the library for archival when completed. Notebooks may also be retained by individual researchers or in biological containment suites within USAMRIID. Because several notebooks were used concurrently, this information is not presented in absolute chronological order. Non-Ames research is presented only if protocols might prove pertinent or if Ames was probably used as a control. Notebo~ I ~--------~Notebook! I issued on October 7, 1980 and entitled containe~d~i-n~f~ormation on isolation and purification of polysaccharides from B~cillus subtilis, sanification of Bacillus ~K' t!J 4 I I USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012808Anthrax Page 1188 of 1446 T6: Re: W~shington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o anthracis (Ba) Sterne, a protocol for the challenge of anthrax polysaccharides, anthrax polysaccharide protein assays, and other similar information. Entries were made byl land an unknown individual. On page 1, dated October 1 1980, an unnamed growth media recipe was provided for isolation and purification of polysaccharides from Bacillus so. reauirinal I 1 b7F On page 10, written January 19, 1981, an experimental protocol byl I was listed. This protocol was entitled 11 Challenge of 'anthrax polysaccJ:?.aride - Sterne strain' vaccinated guinea pigs with virulent B. anthracisl Vollum lB." The objective of this protocol was to determine whether vaccination of guinea pigs with polysaccharide derived from the attenuated B. anthracis, Sterne strain would protect the animals against challenge with the virulent Vollum lB strain of B. anthracis. No results were immediately provided. An April 27, 1981 entry on page 15 provided a recipe for "G" medium in which Sterne could be sporulated: I I F A recipe for 11 R11 medium was listed on April 28, 1981. Page 27, written by an unknown initialed and dated by~~--------------=1 revealed 1981.1 ~et up and ran an ELISA test I lstra1n of anthrax spores. On page 32, spore the followin medium: page 17 and dated individual but that on July 15, with t:hel I rotein studies were conducted F Another unknown individual's handwriting was displayed on pages 42-44/ and involved developing an ELISA test for the PA 2 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012809Anthrax Page 1189 of 1446 T6: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o I o No date was b6 component of the anthrax toxin (unknown strain) . listed for this test. ~I ? Notebook issued January 5, 1981 and entitled "Legionnaires' Disease 11 , contained information on Legionnaire's Disease, fermenter runs with Bacillus anthracis Sterne, work with an anthrax vaccine, and other related information. Entries were made by Bruce Ivins. Page 24, dated February 4, 1981, described a medium preparation of anthrax toxin (unspecified strain), which was a modification of the "Haines, Klein, and Lincoln" preparation from the "Journal of Bacteriology 11 , 89: 74-83. "Run #1 - Sterne Supe" was listed on page 28 and dated February 12, 1981. "Run #2", with some changes to that experimental procedure, was listed on page 40 and dated March 5, 1981. Ivins also ran tests attempting to purify the Ba toxin or any of its components. I On page 48, dated March 19, 1981. Ivins wrote that g'i ven me some PA" and that I has given me some anthrax vaccine (adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide)." The strain used for the vaccine is unknown, but the Ba was of an "avirulent, nonencapsulated strain". Ihas I Page 64, on April 16, 1981, lists a protocol involving inoculating Ba Sterne from a 24-hour blood plate. Notebo~iU , I I b7F Notebook issued April 29, 1981 and entitled "Rapid Detection of Infectious Diseases", contained information about R medium composition, optimum toxin production conditions, thel lanthrax strain, comparison of media for growth and toxin production, non-toxicity of spores after heat passaging, ~nd other related information. Entries were made by Bruce Ivins. Page 1, dated May 11, 1981, was entitled I I r---------,ldefined medium for B. anthracis." On the next page, three l~ters of thel !medium were made, dispensed into flasks, and incubated. On page 4, Ivins detailed a procedure in which he grew five liters of Ba (strain unknown) to give to I I However, no rats died after being injected with this mediumi Ivins speculated that he harvested the Ba too early in the growth phase of the organism. On page 18, one liter of 3 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012810Anthrax Page 1190 of 1446 To: Re: n Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o o b7C F thel lmedium was again inoculated, and the su:ernant from this solution was saved and given to~~--------~J Page 21 lists thel IIvins medium reci e. On page 25, dated July 1, 1981, ?Ivins rr-e;:;;.c=e=i~v-=e;;.;;;d;;;....L...----::--:----~~ from I land inoculated it into medium. After performing an experiment on it, Ivins concluded that all the V770-NPI-R strains at USAMRIID produce lethal anthrax toxin. On page 40, written August 21. 1981, Ivins compared toxin production byl I in I I medium with slight shaking versus no shaking. He found, on page 41, that not as much growth was found with stationary cultures as with gently shaken cultures. Furthermore, Ivins determined that, for maximum toxin production in thel lmedium, the inoculum blood plate must be incubated in an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide I lhad been used in the past) . On the same page, Ivins also found that, accord~ng to 11 Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 11 o the maximum growth temperature of Ba was r---1 I I . L_J On page 43, dated August 28, 1981, Ivins noted that there appeared to be differences with respect to growth of several avirulent and virulent strains of B. anthracis. He inoculated the Sterne, Vollum 1B, Ames, Colorado, and.Texas strains intol !medium andl !medium. On the next page, Ivins determined that, wlien lnocu ating from a plate, evidently the best growth and toxin production in R medium comes when a fresh (vegetative cells, not spores) blood plate incubated _in an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide is used. ' . Page 60 dated October 3, 1981, detailed Ivins' observations that: 1 2. Incubation for carbon dioxide is b~e-t~t~e-r~~ inoculum than incubation for only ~----~ 3. The R medium is a hettyr medlum for toxin production than thel Jmedium. 4. Toxin was bound to the heterologous protein (BSA) on the polypropylene centrifuge tube. Ivins also wanted to demonstrate that carbon dioxide promotes toxin production when inoculum plates are incubated in carbon dioxide. Additionallyr he wanted to determine the best times for incubation of the plates. After conducting an 4 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012811Anthrax Page 1191 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o o b7 experiment to test this I Ivins found that hours was too long an incubation time for the blood Tlate. he-believed it was apparent, at least for Sterne and I that carbon . dioxide in the atmosphere was necessary. In the future, Ivins wanted to try raising the percentage of carbon dioxide to see whether the change incre?ased toxin production. On page 63, dated October 18, 1981, Ivins wrote that he and Perry Mikesell were running tests to determine whether heat ~ging. with the Sterne,! I ~and Vellum 1B strains caused the cells to lose a plasmid that encodes toxin antigen or a toxin regulatory protein. On page 72, Ivins speculated that the heat-passaged strains lost a plasmid which: a. encodes for one or more of the toxin antigens b. encodes for a direct genetic positive regulatory element c. encodes?for a protease or a protease control element (protease is responsible for cleaving large molecule(s) into smaller molecules which can escape the cell. The large molecule(s) may not be able to be easily secreted. Two or all three of the antigens may be derived from a single protein of large molecular weight). Ivins noted that he may wish to look for protease activities in the supernants and cytosols of the parent or heatpassaged strains; he also may wish to look for large molecular weight (greater than 100,000) anthrax antigens in the cytosols of the passaged strains. n ~~------~ Notebook I I issue date January 25, 1983 and entitled! ~ contained information on the anthrax toxin EF component, tables of various ex eriment results, an experiment on spore coat protein, the aerosol challenge test, and a PCA test. Entries were rna e y and an unknown individual. There was no table o On page 8, written March 29, 1983, !conducted an experiment to determine whether aeration nad the beneficial effect of increasing the EF component of the anthrax toxin? (unknown strain). Results_of this experiment were not listed. Page 9, and most of the subsequent pages, contained tables of test results of various experiments. Limited 5 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012812Anthrax Page 1192 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o o information was listed on the pages, which restricted deciphering of the tests conducted. Page 27, continued from page 38 of Notebook I I listed an experimental protocol for spore coat protein studies. The protocol was entitled "Protective efficacy of experimental anthrax vaccine against anthrax aerosol challenge". Its objective was to evaluate the efficacy of spore coat protein to protect guinea pigs against challenge with aerosols of anthrax spores. The strains used werel land Vollum lB. On page 29, dated May 11, 1983, an unknown individual listed tJe survival response to an aerosol challenge known as the I _test. This test used the Vollum lB strain. On page 30, dated July 1, 1983,1 I attempted to determine the relationship between protocatechyuic acid (PCA) and the .anthrax toxin, Sterne strain. No results of this experiment were provided. N...,.. o_t_eb_o_o_~oJ...,--....JI: ...... ~--------~N~o~t~e~b~o~o~k~----~~~~~~~~~~~1996 and entitled contained 1niormac1on on s 1pmen s o a rom ugway roving Grounds, Dugway, Utah to USAMRIID, quality control sheets for these shipments, Ivins' laboratory procedures upon receipt of the Dugway shipments, and a draft of the standard operating procedure (SOP) used by Dugway to prepare the Ba Ames spores. Also contained in the notebook was correspondence, experimental results, and protocols for a serological evaluation of anthraxnaive human plasma and phlebotomy protocols. Numerous individuals contributed to this notebook. There was no table of contents. One entry listed Ba shipped to USAMRIID from Dugway for sterilization by irradiation. This occurred on thirteen different occasions between March 31, 1994 and May 14, 1996. On April 21, 1997,! lof Dugway shipped the first two lots (4/12/97 and/14/9'7) of Ba Ames S:QOre prep~rations. The total volume was apprqximately 1-----.1 of paste .... and liquid with a total of approximatelyl lspores. These spores were received in good condition on April 24, 1997 by Bruce Ivins. Ivinsl !transferred them into three 500-ml centrifuge bottles with a total of about 420 ml of sterile water for in'ection. On A ril 28 1 7 1 ~------------------------------~ " 'b6 to each of eight polypropylene 6 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012813Anthrax Page 1193 of 1446 To: Re: W~shington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o 1 o b6 F I centrifu:;;re bottles; these were stored at 2-8 degrees Celsius. On Ma 1997 Ivins sent an e-mail to ~----~~~~~t~h~a~t~h~e~h~a~d~'ust I purified the spores from Dugway on Ivins wrote, 11 They look good, separate (not clumped), virtually no bacilli or other debris. The final preparation isl lunclumped, refractile spores. 11 The ultimate viability was determined to be about~~------------------~1 I In a memorandum dated June 9, 1997,1 !described lots 3, 4, and 5 (lot numbers 4/22/97, 4/25/97, aBd 5/19/97, respectively) of Ba Ames spore preparations. The total volume was approximately! ~of paste and liquid with a total of approximatelylspores. Ivins received this shipment on June 25, 1997. During Ivinso rocessin of the sore re arations he added ~--~~~--~~~----~--~~~~each of 8 sterile polypropylene I centrifuge bottles; the bottles were stored at 2-8 degrees Celsius UJtjmately Iyjns was left with 250 ml atl ~----~ I In a memorandum dated J~ly' 8, 1997,1 !described sending two lots, numbered 5/22/97 and 6/28/9~7-,~t-o~I~vins. Ivins received this shipment on ~uly 10, 1997. Durin his rocessin of the s ore re arations Ivins added In a memorandum dated July 23, 1997, !described sending two lots, numbered 6/11/97 and 6/17/97,~t~o--~Iv-Tins. Ivins received this shipment July 24, 1997. Durin his of the s ? ? polypropylene at 2-8 degrees I ml~~------------~ 7 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012814Anthrax Page 1194 of 1446 Tb: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o o b7F In a memorandum dated August 6, 1997,1 sending two lots numbered 7/21/97 and 8/2/97, t~o~~~ received this shipment on August 7, 1997. Durin rocessin of the s ore re arations Ivins added 1 polypropylene at 2-8 degrees ml . _ I_ _ _ _ _ .....~ In a memorandum dated September 3, 199.7, I I described sending one lot, numbered 8/4/97, to Ivins. Ivins received this shipment on September 4, 1997. Duri~n~~h~1~?s~--------~ rocessin of the s ore re arations Ivins added ~------------------------------------------~each of 8 sterile I polypropylene centrifuge bottles; these bottles were stored at 28 degrees Celsius Ultimately. I1ins was left with 100 ml I J ~~----~ In a memorandum dated September 23, 1997, I I described sending two lots, numbered 9/9/97 and 9/15/97, to Ivins received this shipment on September 25, 1997. his rocessin of the s ore re arations Ivins adde ~--~~--~------~--------~~--~--~~--~~--~~ each of 16 sterile polypropylene centrifuge bottles; these bottles were stored at 2-8 degrees Celsius. Ultimately, Ivins determined that the spores were too "dirty", with too much debris. These spores would not be added to the GLP Ames spore batch. Quality control sheets for batch numbers 4/12/97 4/14/97/ 4/22/97/ 4/25/97/ .5/19/97/ 5/22/97/ 6/28/97/ 7/11/97/ 7/1~/97, 7/21/97 8/2/~7 1 8/4/97 9/9/97, and 9/15/97 were sent froml Ito Ivins on October 30, 1997. In addition, scanning electron microscope photographs from lots 4/12/97 and 5/19/97 were included. 1 1 1 . . b7C Ivins sent an e-mail to ~~~------------~on Octo er 9, 1997. Tee-mail regarded the GLP Ames spores received from Dugwaa~Ivins advised that the preparatt'on would be known as I . . and consisted of c::J l A m e s spores, greater than of which is in individual, refractile spores. Less thanc:Jof the material is clumped spores,. non-refractile spores, vegetative cells, or other debris. I '-----------------------..--~~___.1 ~--------------------~ aJ. so conveyed. tna t he , lwould run tests on the preparation and 8 1 VJ.ns USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012815Anthrax Page 1195 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDt 07/14/2004 o o would take pictures of the results. On October 22 1 1997 1 Ivins wrote another e-mail to all the above individuals except I I In this e-mail~ he discussed dispensing the spores ~nto various ali ots and revealed that the concentration was about Another notebook entry was entitled 11 Scope of Work Bacillus anthracis Ames S ores 11 o A letter was sent from( and detailed the terms of~t~h-e--~ agreement ~nvo v~ng USAMRIID shipping 4 vials of Ba spores to Dugway. Dugway would then grow a total of approximately 10 batches of spores, which would be sent as individual shipments to USAMRIID. The USAMRIID points of contact were designated as Bruce Ivins (technical) and administrative), while the Dugway points of contact were (administrative) andl I (technic~a~~--~A--s~t-a-n~a-r~ operating procedure (SOP) containing the details of how the spores were produced, equipment used, materials, and quality control procedures used was to be provided within one month after Dugway's last shipment to USAMRIID. In.addition, batch records for each spore preparation produced would contain the following quality control results: the percentage of spores and vegetative cells, a test for the viability of spores after heat-shocking of a test sample, electron microscopy photographs of spore preparations, photographs of colony morphology, photographs of spore stains, and phage sensitivity. In addition, 10 colonies from each batch would be tested on halo agar. The supplier, lot number of media components used, media sterility test results 1 and the results of purity testing of the spore preparations would also be provided. Purity testing was to be conducted prior to heat shocking. Each batch, including all photographs and results, was to include a batch number at the time of the shipment. The batch records were to be sent within two weeks of each shipment. Also contained within the notebook was a Dugway procedure for anthrax spore preparation in bench top fermentors. This standard operating procedure (SOP) draft outlined the culture and processing methods used for preparation of Ba spores in less than 10 liter quantities. Such preparations were for use as challenge material in testing bio-defense material. The preparations could also be used for other applications such as antigen for the production of antiserum or for use as coating antigen in antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) . le-mailedl Ito On February 12, 1998,1 request that Dugway send a letter stating that the draft SOP 9 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012816Anthrax Page 1196 of 1446 To: Re: W~shington Field From: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID o 1 Washington Field 07/14/2004 o entitled "Procedure for anthrax spore preparation in bench top fermentors" was in fact the final procedure used for the spore preparations sent to USAMRIID from Dugway. Howeverr no such letter froml lwas found in the notebook. One of the steP.S in the above SOP under "Materials and Methods" required addinq I I Numerous pages within the notebook contained correspondence 1 experimental resultsr and protocols for a serological evaluation of anthrax-naive human plasma and phlebotomy protocols. Also in the notebook was a "MTT Cytotoxicity Assay fori lsamples"r dated 7/2/96. These samples did not appear to include Ba. A report 1 dated February 18 1 1997, was entitled "Affinity-Purified Human IgG Anti-PA 11 1 and was written by LTC I lof USAMRIID's Diagnostic Systems Division. Reference Material Receipt Record (RMR) 1012, dated December 6 1996 and written byl I described "Affinity Purified Anthrax Human IgG". 1 A report entitled "Methods in Immunohematology" was written byl I Director of the Blood Bank Reference Laboratory and Associate Professor of Immunohematology at the University of Michigan Medical Schoolr Ann Arbor Michigan. This report described plasma recalcification and the treatment of collected bloodr plasmar and serum. 1 A special report for~~=-~~~~--=-~--~-------------J r--lwas written on January 22 1997 by BMDS Radio Frequency ~nologies. This report referenced quality control validation procedures for BMDS equipment and devices, and summarized the various tests and quality control steps applied to the IPTT transponder. 1 1 10 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012817Anthrax Page 1197 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Field From: Washington Field 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 07/14/2004 o o On Januar ~----------------------~~~~------------~a ?letter concerning This letter involved for USAMRIID from August 16, A fifth laboratory notebook that was written or cowritten by Bruce Ivins and once archived by the USAMRIID library, had been destroyed and so its contents could not be examined. The USAMRIID library advised that they contained no other laboratory notebooks from Ivins which the FBI had not already perused . oo 11 USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012818Anthrax Page 1198 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION the Universit urrent work involves work in anthrac~s . IL_~~~~-,~~~w~i'Ur~hLlRL-~~~'~~~~0.'7~~ul____________________~lwhen workinq forl I lworked with livind\B. anthracis fori I lhas never used the m~ified G soorulation media. I lhas never sent B. anthracis or done any research outside of USAMRIID. Investigation on 01/07/2004 at USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD ~'"(:.'"?:.> 1 \555 File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 279A-BA-C101392"Date dictated 1/08/2004 1 !Postal Inspector ~~~~~---------~----~ by I r Postal Inspector k~ri&R.Vt~ tJ:i This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012819Anthrax Page 1199 of 1446 FD?302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-Cl01392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - - - I t - - - - - - - - - - ,On 01/07/2004 _....:2=--- colony. ~----~lwork involved the use of small amounts of a single ~--~!provided the following names of people who may have weaponization techni reduction and of Ba? BRUCE IVINS r----lcould not identify any areas of USAMRIID which had problems ~acterial contamination. c==Jdid recall that swabs were taken after samples of the B. anthracis evidence was brought into USAMRIID and that one or two spores were found. !identified su1~?t~e~a~r~e~a~~~--~l~a~s~t~he areaproutinely used.has worked in rooml I rooms_ ! and rooms ~--------~ dI I b6 lhas used the walk-in cooler in roomc===Jand stated that it is a large walk-in type unit and is used by everyone including temporary researchers. c:Jalso stated that many items have been left behind in it by temporary researchers after they were finished with their research. stated that during I the cooler was cleaned out and old ._r_e_s_e_a r_c_,h~ __ ~-~~-~-~-~~-~ proJects destroyed. D I !stated that the cooler is used by alar e number of different researchers in various departments and stated that has seen unknown r~e~s~e~a~r~c'::"'::"-=e":":r~s--::!'1-:!n the ~c-o-o~1-e-r~b-u~t--s-a~i~d~that it was normal. r----lalso stated that it is a constant battle to clean out the coorer-IOckers with old stuff left in them. D I lknew 11 piggy-backing 11 happened and thatrllet people c::]knew enter into areas behind! lalso stated has tliatD USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012820Anthrax Page 1200 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _....;3::::__-b 7 c 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - . . . . 1 - - - - - - - - - - - , On 01 /0 7 /2 0 04 never observed any unknown persons in areas that they were not supposed to be in. Visiting scientists were taken into hot areas 1 but it was difficult due to the fact that they had to go through safety training and instruction first before being allowed into the areas. I lhas never known anyone to attempt to remove any items covertly. [:]stated that all items set for destruction are double bagged and tagged. c::]stated that if someone wanted to remove an item covertly that it would be an easy task but has never seen or heard of anything.being removed. 1 D I ldid not know anyone who may want to make a Select Agent for use 1n some improper fashion. I ldoes not know of anyone hostile toward any political organization/ media or others. I ldoes not know or suspect anyone who might be involved in the mailing of the anthrax-laced letters. c==Jdoes not know of anyone to have an interest? in gaining access to anthrax or any other chemical agents or means to produce them without a special reason. lstated 11 N0 11 , 11 two part question 11 when asked if knew of anyone being lax in the handling of dangerous items. then stated th~t people who have been lax have been disciolined and removed. r l stated that onlv one oerson came to mind I I I D b7C I lis unaware of anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques. b7C USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012821Anthrax Page 1201 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 1 o 279A-BA-C101392 01/0 7/2 0 04 , Page __4.;,;;___b 6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~l_________r - - - - - - - - - - , On b7C I I does not have any association with Trenton 1 or Princeton 1 New Jersey. has never been to New Jerse ~n and does not like to ur~ng 2001. was at work the ma~l~ngs There are SOP's for decontamination of Class II and III biosafety areasr and paraformaldehyde is used as well as bleach due to the fact that most of the equipment is stainless steel. There is an autoclave in the basement for using glutaraldehyde to clean and decontaminate paper and was last used in the late 1980's for destruction of lab notebooks. lhas r------......._---,1 never smelled any decontamination agents in the Plastic containers are used for sharpsr pads and are of the red plastic type small containers used in the hood areas. Various sizes are used to autoclave items and cultures but no large size containers are used. 1 I lis unaware of any work being conducted with Ba or its simulants for any unofficial work. I lwork was recorded in lab notebooks~a~n~d~i~s~s~two~r~e-d~ in the library at USAMRIID and unqer tl:e control ofl I There is a total of I J ~------ones used c==:Jhas never purchased pre-stamped envelopes like the ~n the mailings. I I has never used any of the vending machines in Frederick to purchase pre-stamped envelopes. or enve'lopes. I lhas never handled any of the anthrax-laced letters ldid not do any of the analytical work on the evidence ~f-0-r~t~his case. ?? USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012822Anthrax Page 1202 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 01/07/2004 ,Page _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of --L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . J - - - - - - - - ,On __::5:::....__ I lonly recalls ~re~e~i~n~a,LI______~Iin the hot suite building and only by face inl I ~------------------~1 lnev~r saw._l_ _ ___.lat USAMRIID,afterl ~-------~ r----lis unaware of anytime thatc=J let._l_ _ ___.l piggy-back into buil~reas. I I ldid not know whatl lwas working on at USAMRIID due to the fjct thatl I was work1ng in the I I I lwas unaware of ever ~eeingl !working with or using a? lyophilizer. Other people use the equipment, and it is an open area used twenty-four hours a day. - Idid not know ofl not recall ever talked to ~d cooler,. ro USAMRIID. Iremoving seeing I lwhilel any equipment. lby the walk-in I Inever I Iwas at lsaid thad lwould have to store c==lsamples in L-------------------~1 lnever talked withl ldid not know of any research samples that lin reference to ~----~ .___ ___.I has never - -------------------------------------------USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012823Anthrax Page 1203 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C ,Page _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-BA-9l0l392 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - - . . l - - - - - - - - - - ,On Ol/07/2004 _;6::::.__ I Investigators may want to talk to the following individuals in reference to the case, : I ~ ~----------~ ~--~~did not host any foreign visitors. ~--~lwas not~------------------------------------------~ The investigation of~~--~lis still in progress as of August 9, 2004. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012824Anthrax Page 1204 of 1446 FD-392 (Rev. 10?6?95) . ... ' .,. \>.. \ - 1- o Date of transcription ...I FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 07/30/2004 b7C On Jul 23 2004 interviewed by Spec1al Agents After advised of the nature of the interview and the identity Agen~sl !provided the following information: I where r lwas schooled inl I ---~ r=--~~~~~~~------------~~1 thd 1------....,------------~lis ..----.... I I attended I lschooling inl currently employed at 1,_______.1 I lstated thatl I I advised that I I was 1.------------------.1 b7C through the interview and stated that~was never involved in the growth of Ba or other infected samples, was not familiar with specific contracts or projects. I lstated that the Ba and other infectious sam les were located in various storage areas. I lstated that did not feel these storage areas had appropriate security. stated that c::::Jwould routinelx: see individuals ~gyback 11 into the storage areas. In additioni._____,:---....1 stated thatL__Jsaw visitors all the time and some appeared to be unescorted. ~~--~--~~~----~----~------~~--~'~~further expounded on th1s Investigation on 7/23/2004 Fairport, New York ll.W1i211P at .....:.:....:..:.........:...==-.:...:...:.....::...!..--=-.:::....;__....:...::..:::..::..::__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Dote d;o""d Fild by wA-WF-222936~-~gf' 7/30/2004 b6 ~;:l This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012825Anthrax Page 1205 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~--------------J- 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of _________________ ,On 7/23/2004 , Page _....;2=--- !stated that ~s familiar with the 11 Hot Suites 11 in the buxldings specifically~/ :::1_ / \was not familiar with the walk-in cooler in roomc::J and was not familiar with what was stored there. I I I I stated that was f~mi 1 i ar with the names of Bruce Ivins from paperwork at USAMRIID[ 0 I ----------------~ I The scientist that I )recalled working withT --------~ Icould not recall by name. there were other scientist whic~ J(phonetlc), I stated that I \....________... ~-----------------------------------------------------------------~b;C \br I !stated that if individuals wanted to remove selected agents rom the 11 Hot Suites 11 it may be possible. Scientist would routinely leave the selected agent out with a note to the Team members on what needed to be done with them. These samples where not signed out and it appeared that they did not have a good accounting for them. I lstated thatl !never used the modified G sporulation media and was unsure what this technique is. I ldid not h~ve knowledge of the culture techniques used, the drying of Ba, types of lyophilizer used, strains of Ba characterized, where strains of Ba originated or manufactured, or the types of strains to include the Ames strain. I lwas not familiar with individuals who had expertise in weaponization technigs spore production and lyophilizing. I lstated that was not aware of anyone who would want to weapon1ze the materia s at USAMRIID or anyone who may want to make a Select Agent for use in some improper fashion. lwas not aware of any person with access ~nd ability to create or handle dangerous biological agents who expressed a hostile attitude toward any political organization, the media or others. ? I USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012826Anthrax Page 1206 of 1446 ' FD:302a (Re~. 10-6-95) o ~l_________j - - - - - - - - - - , On 7 /23 /2 0 04 ,Page _ 279A-WF-222936-LEAD _:3;::,..__ Continuation ofFD-302 of ~..---=-_ ___.1 was not aware of any individual who Ocould consider to be a suspect of pqssibly being associated with the mailings of anthrax letters. t lstated thatl ~as not involved in the mailing of anthrax letters. dangerous~1~'t~e-m_s___.or inappropriately interested in agents that could lwas not aware of anyone who was lax in handling be turned into harmful agents. I lwas unaware of any individual at USAMRIID who was rumored to~b~e~i-n~terested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. lwas not familiar with the process of drying Ba and sending it through the mail. I ~--~lwas not familiar with anyone who expressed a special interest in being able to get around forensic techniques. I ldoes not have any personal or professional association related to Trenton, New Jersey or other areas of NJ. ldid not travel and was travelin ~t~o-~N~J~in Se tember or October b7C decontamin~a-t~i-0-n~of Class II and Class III was to spray bleach, lstated that the Standard Operating Procedures for discard hazardous materials in the apyropriate trash bags, sharps in the appropriate sharps container. t !stated that there were also filte~s however was not familiar with them. Istated that c=J had friends inl lstated that c::Jnever used plastic storage containers, such as sterilite boxes, for storage of materials at USAMRIID. I I lwas not aware of any work being conducted with Ba or its stimulants which was unofficial or not recorded. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012827Anthrax Page 1207 of 1446 oo 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of ~l__________ j - - - - - - - - stated that all of , On 7 /2 3 /2 0 04 , Page ---=--- work was recorded in lab notebooks ~--------------------------------------------------~ ~----~~did not purchase pre-stamped envelopes. ~~------~~did not purchase pre-stamped envelopes in vending machines. ldid not personally handle any of the anthrax laced letters or~e--n_v_e~l~opes. ~--~~~----.----~--~,-~~~~~~~----~I did not do any analytical work on the evidence in this case. I lwas familiar withl I I dJ. SCUSS l I I !never heardl lmake references to~k~:J.-.l~.l~J.~n-g--p~e-o~p~>l~e~,--~ polJ.tJ.cal J.ssues, scenarios involving anthrax, avoiding forensic detection, books or reading materials. I I r---------.---__,..__JI nF>vF>r I I .----------~--.....--w-a~s not a ware of wh~o-m-:_1-_-_-_-_-_-_-....~r-1_a_s_s_o_c-:i:-a-:t-e-d-..:--w--:-i-:-t-.:-h-o_r_J.,....:~, f was not aware ofl I had connections in NJ or Princeton. According tol L...--~---lll..,;;.n;.;.e=-v.:...=e.=.,r letl !"piggyback" into any area with never sawl lremovf eqpjpm,nt from USAMRIID or an undetectaple area, never s a w p e r f o r m any scientific work. material ~-=----~~as not aware of wherel not aware of an les or materJ.al which lstore~d=-~~~=--~ I ldid not~reign visiti~cientist duringc==J employment at USAMRIID. stated thatL__Jdid see foreign visiting scientist while was employed tliere. ~....-____.I was not ....____________________~ USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012828Anthrax Page 1208 of 1446 o ."' 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------_r-----------------?0" 7/23/2004 , Page --=--- I Istated that Owas not aware of any additional information which may be helpful to this investigation. USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012829Anthrax Page 1209 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 11 29- b6, b7C 30 ~ b6, b7C 3l-b6. b7C 32- b2. b6, b7C, b7F 33 ~ b2, b7F 34- b2, b6, b7C, b7F 35- b2, b6, b7C, b7F 36 -- b2, b6, b7C, b7F 37- b2, b7F 38- b2, b6, b7C, b7F 1! 8 ~ b6, b7C USAMRIID Section 17.pdf 012830Anthrax Page 1210 of 1446 o In Reply, Please Refer to FileNo. U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation o August 24, 2004 .___ __.f~ter Street Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702 Dear . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _. - - _ . IISAMl&iJi Pursuant to the ongoing criminal investigation into the 2001 mailings of letters laced with Bacillus anthracis, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) requests the items, documents, and/or access listed below. If a point of contact for an item or document has been identified by one of our investigators, that point of contact is listed wjth the item or ~ment. Please contact Special Agent._l____________~ L____Jwhen the items are available for pickup from USAMRIID. o o Any electron microscopy stubs and micrographs from any Ames spore preparations at USAMRIID I I Final contract documents from the contract between USAMRIID and .Du~ay for the production of Ames spores for aerosol chall~ges including the protocol actually used, micrographs, and other documentation (Bruce Ivins) MateK~Js in the Bacteriology Division o Requi rem en t s for the production o' f ::,S~t:,.:a:.:,n;.::d~a::.:r~d=-...:~~etp:.fse.=.r.s;;;e.un.~--c..s;;e-.. \ Research Protocols numbered B01-07, B00-03, D98-03, F00-11, D99-02 for aeros'ol challenges. o o Access to personnel records for the following employees: ? USAMRIID Section 18.pdf D 012831Anthrax Page 1211 of 1446 o o o b6 b7C Travel, leave, and time and attendance records for the following employees: o Laboratory notes, computer files, and other documentation regarding Ames Ames s ore production~ww~~~----------------~--~ ~--------------------------------------------~ Frederick Kpapert (deceased). Oliver Mj~esell (deceased),! Several of these . individuals are no longer at USAMRIID, but their documentation was left at USAMRIID. J I 2 USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012832Anthrax Page 1212 of 1446 ' ?"' o Sincerely, o Inspector in Charge b7C By: I Superv1sory Spec1al Agent I cc: / 1 - Addressee 1 2 - ._2=7~9~A~-~W=F~-":"2~22~9~3~6~-~U~S~A~M~RI~I~D~- '\\ ~ 1 - work copy ( 5) 3 USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012833Anthrax Page 1213 of 1446 o FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 07/30/2004 .------.,....,o~n July 17-19, 2004,1 I. Social Security Account Numberl I date of birth I 1 I atL__jplace of employment, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland. SA~~----~ I I conducted the search for atl!i...i.nven,:rvl of Bacillus anthracis ~maintained in roomsl__j and of USAMRIID's Buildingl____j SAl I I I De roJ.t Division, was also present on July 17, 2004 . I b6 .___ ____.!provided the'follo.wing information with resrect to items located in the glass-door refrigerator in rooml . [sample container notations are denoted below in bold]:._______. The 1.5 milliliter (mL) vial labeled Amesl Bruce's contained -1 mL of an Ames spore sus~p~e~n~s~J.~o~n~.--~ b7F ~----~T~h~e-=1-=lJ.~?t~e~r (L) flask labeled ._s_m-,o-r_e_s_u_s_p~e~n~s"'"'J. o~n~.--::;:T~h~e .... !Bruce Ivins contained -~~s~o~m~L~o~f~a~n~Am~~e~s~~ 20031 I I spores were produced at Dugway Proving and were ourified bv IVINS .I I (R) I The 0 . 5 mL vial labeled 1_________.1 .... DPG spores Investigation on ------~-------- 07/17/2004 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -~\'5 by~ I I It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; I USAMRIID Section 18.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and Its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012834Anthrax Page 1214 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page --=2=-b6 F 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of jl________J - - - - - - - - - - , On 07 /17 /2 0 04 The 0 . 5 mL vial labeled contained ~ I I I The 1.5 mL vial labeled! contained I I I The 1.25 mL vial labeled Du~a: Ames spores, 1 x 10 10 /mL contained -1 mL of a spore suspension.! !indicated that ~-~~likely received this spore material rom IVINS. contained I The 1.5 mL vial labeledl The 1.5 mL vial labeled I contained I I USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012835Anthrax Page 1215 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 07/17/2 0 04 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . . J - - - - - - - - - , On , Page --=3__ contained !provided no additional information with regard to the 1 ..... S~m-L_v_i~a-!1 labeled. ___.I did not recall the Ames stock used to generate the spores, nor didc===Jrecall the purpose of the material . . _ !_ _ _ _ _ _ I b7C I ...------T.....,..hlF>..._-"( ~ mL tube"lJ 1;'lo;a.~lhi.Lii:i<..:::.'11.!i.:::.~?rl,ui_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____JI I c:cmt-;'l; ,.,.:::.r:~ I I The small test tube labeled I l from Bruce Ivins 1 I I I The larae test tube labeledl I contained a I I I The small test tube labeled! Icontained USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012836Anthrax Page 1216 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~--------------~ o 1----------- ,On 07 I 17 I 2 0 04 , Page _...:::4=----- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of r---------~~~~~~~~~~~~-----,l~d~i~d--n-o~t~k-n_o_w~t~he The 1 mL vial labeled! I contained origin of this material, nor the identity of the B.a. strain. The 1.25 mL vial labeled contained According to this mater1~a~-w-a-s----~ ~s-u~b-m~1~t~t-e~d~p-r_e_v_1~o-u~sly to the FBI Repository. I ~--------~~h~~~ 250 mL fla~Ls~k~l~a~b~e~l~e~d~l--------------------------~1 I contained --1 r The eight 15 mL falcon tubes labeled! I I~ ~ I contained The 1. 5 mL vial labeled! -1 I I The 250 mL flask labeled! I contained I USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012837Anthrax Page 1217 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 07/17/2 0 04 , Page --'5"---- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L-_ _ _ _ _ _ ___..,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , On During the inventory of the roomO refrigerator 1 quality control samples related to weeksl lofl~~~~study were located. The "QC" samples deriv from a blind study in which materials were coded with "BAlf-"~..___ _ ___._~'-l:l-....I.U..I.(;l.Ju..J.,;I:Oo-..l..olf identif the mat rials b B.a. strain. in the room On July 21, 2002, SAl lviewed information contained in email exchanges among USAMRIID personnel, to include regarding the 1dent1t1es of the information fro uter in messa es indicated t at b7c F USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012838Anthrax Page 1218 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o IB. o 0 7 I 17 I 2 0 0 4 , Page _ _6;:;.__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - _ _ J I - - - - - - - - - - - - , On ~----~----~--~~----~--~--~~?-F~r~o~m~t~h~e~1~?n~f~o~rmation provided, it c::J was determined that the located in the room refrigerator were not B.a. Ames. Accord1ng to the email documentalt jon. a. Ames was used during test week[] and was coded as . .? No such material was located during the inventory of rooml !provided a hard copy of the email exchanges related to th4 to sAj on I I I The !provided the ffllowing information with respect to materials located in the room [sample I container notations are denoted below in bold]: I b7c I ~ndicated that the~F=B==I~d~1-d~n-o~t~t-a~e-t~~1-s~Am-e-s-~ material durin revious collection ofc==Jspore materials stored in th Additionally, the tube was not fingerprinted, as were t e other tubes containing Ames spore ~ations stored byl in the room~~--------~ generated the spores from IVINS' b2 b7F' I The 1.25 mL vial labeled! contained of I I did not recall which Ames stock was used to generate these spores. I I I Four items were located in the room.~~----~~----~~ room in a box labeled ~--------------------~ indicated that the items were associated with research conducted byl and personnel working with r~~~~~~~~~~=-~~--------~----~ USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012839Anthrax Page 1219 of 1446 .. , FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o The 1.25 mL vial o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - , On 07/17/2 0 04 , Page ..::L b6 containedL-----------~--------~ identical vials of "B.a. believed that the s ores enerated by of USAMRIID's Building rooms and was noted on inventory log sheets. T e 1nventory og sheets are maintained in a 1A envelope (FD-340), along with additional documents related to the USAMRIID search conducted on July 16-23, 2004. The informatl;n :fovide~ c==J during the searches USAMRIID Section 18.pdf 012840Anthrax Page 1220 of 1446 "' 'FD-M2 (Rev. 10-6-95) .!J - 1- o ,0b7c FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION I lwas not familiar with the sample na~~~e:._l_______.l~aL~s~i~t1.oh .. was a name given to the sample after! lhad made it I lb ~------------~I~T~h~e~o~n~ly ongo1ng study dur1ng that t1me frame was the lcould not provide much assistance withl I r I ~--~1 and therefore could not enter Building! rew Bacillus anthracis notes in lab notebooks that were organized All ofl llaboratorv notes would be located I I l....:::--:-:::"-r--lJ:i.,-1d no~otocopyl .... 1notes trom the laboratory notebooks, nor didl__jkeepL__Jown side notes. I I grow I have ~...u_s_e_d...--='Iv=I~N~S~'--s_p_o_r_e s~t~o-c....,kr--a--s-rl_j-----,~s~e~e'""'dor--s~t-o~ck __ for eachatch, and would have initially streaked it on a plate, and isolated one colony to grow the batch. IVINS' spore stock was kept in a tube in the walk-in refrigerator and was not frozen. I lwould have gone back to the same stock to start each batch, rather than to the plate from the previous batch. Althoughr=:lwas not certain what the sample name was for the seed stock thatc::JUsed, c==Jknew that it would have been the same as what IVINS used for his seed stock. Specific bate~ information could be found in IVINS' laboratory notebooks. Approximately 100 milliliters (mL) of spores were being produced per week at a concentration of 8.5 x 10 8 or 10 9 and up to approximately 10 11 spores per mL. ~ Iused to I would Investigationon 09/08/2004 at Fort Detrick, Maryland File# ~ ~!I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- I q3tf b6 Date dictated N/A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012841Anthrax Page 1221 of 1446 "' FD-30'!ta (Rev. 10-6-95) o L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o _JI______ ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of 09/08/2004 ,Page --2-- Afterl lwas working in the laboratory growing spores for.l~~~~~~~~~~~~--~----------------------~lwho started growing spores ~n approx~matelylL...---....1I .1....____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-----JI I I o t awith the agents and reviewed ' the laboratory notebooks conta~n~ng tes. Upon review,c::Jadvised thatc:::Jdid not note whatc::Jused as seed stock. ' In Notebook! lpage 26, datedl ~signed by ~~--~--_.l~i~t~w~a~s~noted that the initial concentration ofc==Jseed stock wasL..j__________......1 In thel I USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012842Anthrax Page 1222 of 1446 Ut y FD-3o2"(Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date 6f transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION BRUCE E. IVINS, 0412411946, telephone number h1s place o emp oyment, t e n1 Inst~tute or-Dn:.ect1ous D1sease Fort Detrick, Maryland. After bei of the interviewing"agents and the ature IVINS provided the following information: Pr~i ator, date of birth was 1ntervfewed at rmy Medical Research 425 Porter Street of the identities the interview, In 1985, IVINS was concerned about the possibility of genetic variants of Bacillus anthracis (Ba) making their way into cultures which were grown by sweeping batches of spores off of a seed stock and plating these spores. IVINS noticed that when he took a full sweep of many spores to inoculate a plate (sweep technique), he would get a more heterogeneous culture. In addition, when he passed a culture that was plated as described above, each generation of passage would include more aberrant colony morphologies. When IVINS used just one colony to inoculate a plate (single colony technique), the result was a more homogeneous culture with just a few aberrant colony morphologies. Although he was advised by the 11 0ld timers 11 like I lthat he should inoculate plates by taking a sweep of spores from the seed stock, IVINS believed that growing spores in this way was contrary to pure microbiology culture technique. As result, in 1985, IVINS dipped into the original 1981 Ames slant to begin a new seed stock which he refers to as the "1985" sample. IVINS intende.d to use this sample as a seed stock so that he would not have to continually dip back into the "1981" original slant. He did not recall the sample name, number, or what was written on the tube containing the 11 1985" sample. He does not think that any of the "1985" sample remains, however, if it does,? the FBI has it in their repository. IVINS cannot recall if he used just one spore ?from the 11 1981" sample to create his "1985" seed stock or if he used just a few "normal .. spores. IVINS noted that there were originally two "1981 11 original slants; however, there is now only one "1981 11 slant. IVINS does not know what happened to the second slant. 67c a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L '______.~.WfA Investigation on The "1985" sample was being used as seed stock for intramuscular (IM) challenges, therefore USAMRIID was not growing large batches of spores. Large batches of spores a~r~e~~ 0910812004 m Frederick, Maryland ---------------- File# by 279A-WF-22293 6-USAMRIID SA SA q / 5 Date dictated 09 I 1 0 I 2 0 04 b7C This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loai,G;i'~??to;our agency; USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012843Anthrax Page 1223 of 1446 '" FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _ _2 _ _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID _ ___;:B; :;.:r: . .u.;: . : .c. ;: e__;; ; E; . .;.__.; I: . .v;. .;1: . .n=s___________ , on 0 9 I 0 8 I 2 0 0 4 ? Continuation of FD-302 of needed primarily for aerosol challenges, which is what everyone is currently moving towards. The "1985" stock was used for guinea pig IM challenges around 1990 during the Gulf War, but it was not used for any rabbit,challenges at that time. The "1985" stock was also used for some non-human primate (NHP) challenges. In 1993, this stock was used for aerosol challenges. Notebook # c=Jhas information on those NHP studies. IVINS does not recall if he was making large batches of spores in the late 1980s. Vellum 1B was the strain originally used for batch 9rowth, and later the Ames strain was used. He I jmade spores for a guinea pig aerosol challenge study in the late 1980s, and this study has been published. In the early'1990s, IVINSI lmade additional spores for a guinea pig aerosol challenge. The large batches of spores are onl re uired for aerosol challen es. In 1995 or 1996, I IVINS!--:d:-o-e_s_ __. not know what In addition, IVINS knew that Perry Mikesell maintained the Ames strain, but he did not know where Mikesell obtained his original stock. IVINS explained that the following persons have grown spores in his lab: to 1988 only IVINS was growing spores; from 1988 to 1997 were growing spores; from 1997 to 1999,.~~~---------~~~~ from 1999 to spores; from 2 0 01 o , J-,...,.....,.----..---------....--...J growing spores; and since 2002, IVINSL-----------~ growing spores. In 1989, IVINS created a second seed stock from the 1981 11 original slant, referred to as the 11 1989" sample. IVINS reviewed page 17 of Notebookc::J which is dated December 20, 1990. This page discusses t:Q.e creation of the 11 1989 11 sample using the 11 1981 11 origin~l slant. IVINS made 100 milliliters (mL) of the 1989 sample at a concentration of 2 x 10 9 spores per mL. These spores were not run through a density gradient. IVINS wanted to use a density gradient, but the 11 0ld timers 11 at USAMRIID were against it. IVINS cannot recall if he made this second seed stock because the 11 1985 11 sample was depleted. He was also unsure if there was any 11 1989 11 sample currently remaining at USAMRIID. In 1989, IVINS was working with~~----~ I I They were looking at the qual1ty of spores grown 1n Le1ghton and Doi media versus the quality of spores grown on agar. They found that spores grown on Leighton and Doi media were "hotter", cleaner, nicer, smaller, less 11 11 11 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012844Anthrax Page 1224 of 1446 ,, FD-302a\Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _ _3 _ _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID __ .;_u.;_c.;;_e..;;..__E-'-._I.. .;v;.. ;;i.;_n;.;;.;s;;;_____________ , on 0 9 I 0 8 I 2 0 04 B_r. Continuation ofFD-302 of likely to clump, and aerosolize better. I (phonetic) told IVINS that he had difficulty aerosolizing spores grown on agar and that broth grown spores aerosolize better. IVINS indicated that there would be additional information about the "1989 11 sample in his notebooks. He stated that the 11 1989" sample was not currently in use at USAMRIID. IVINS created at third seed stock in "2002" by plating from the "1981" ori inal slant onto blood agar and It is this "2002" seed stock that 1s current y in use. IVINS noted that he is making nearly 1 trillion spores a week for USAMRIID, the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the Centers for Disyase ~ontrol (CDC), etc. As an example, IVINS explained thatl ~ I currently conducts aerosol challenges using spores at . . __________. I I I the following persons were at USAMRIID:i I ~~~--~~~~~~~~~~ IVINS did not know if these persons 1noculate p ates us1ng a sweep technique or using .a single spore technique. Prior to knowledge of the two plasmids, USAMRIID was mostly interested in Ba toxin production. IVINS noticed that newer cultures (those created more recently) produced more toxin that older cultures. He did not recall if anyone was investigating Ba spore virulence as affected by multiple passages of that organism at that time. IVINS did notice that Ba samples which were grown using the single spore technique produced more toxins than those grown using the sweep technique. IVINS described RMR 1030 as a "bunch of spores" grown by IVINS I lin 1995 and 1996. Nearly. all of RMR 1030 has been used. The only remaining RMR 1030 has been provided to the FBI. IVINS reviewed notebook # 3655, page 72, dated 318196. This notebook described the creation of RMR 1030 and noted that Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) "UIB-BI-3" was used to grow RMR 1030. This material was used for aerosol challenges?of and ossibl NHPs. IVINS was workin IVINS t en pr1nte a copy t at t e " 989" sample was the seed for any material made under SOP UIB-BI-3, to include RMR UIB-BI-3 was initially a challenge protocol for which he USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012845Anthrax Page 1225 of 1446 , FD-302a'(Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of grew the 1994/1995 batches of spores. These batches were so good that this challenge protocol was formalized as SOP UIB-BI3. IVINS provided the interviewing agents with a copy of SOP UIB-BI-3, which is maintained in an FD-340, in the 1A section of the file. After creating RMR 1030, IVINS! !calculated the number of spores needed for upcoming vaccine study work and determined that it would take approximately two years to grow enough spores for this work. As a result, IVINS contracted with Dugway to grow a large number of Ames spores (approximately 10 13 total spores). IVINS explained that the "Dugway spores" were made in 1997, combined with spores made at USAMRIID by IVINSr---l I L and given the name "RMR 1029". IVINS believes thattEe portion of RMR 1029 grown at USAMRIID was grown using SOP UIBBI-3. IVINS was unsure of the seed stock for the RMR 1029 spores grown at USAMRIID, but believed that hel lwould have used the same material as what was sent to Dugway. USAMRIID shipped spores to Du in 1997 as seed stock for RMR 1029 spores. IVINS shi ed of Ames strain s I J that was He was unsure of ~t~h~e~s-e-e~d--s~t-o~c~k--f~o~r~~t~--~-1-p~m~e~n~t-,~~--~--~~~ it may be in his notes. IVINS stated that for RMR 1029, more concerned with getting a large batch of spores than with ensuring uniformity in growth conditions. He was also not concerned with genetic variability in the Dugway batches that were prepared for RMR 1029. The entire RMR 1029 sample was considered one lot and IVINS was only concerned that the entire lot, once combined into RMR 1029, was consistent. The final RMR 1029 sample was 1000 mL at a concentration of approximately. 3 x 10 10 cfu/mL. IVINS noted that Dugway made 8 batches (IVINS later reviewed his notes and determined that only 7 batches were made by Dugway) and shipped them periodically during 1997. The eighth batch (later determined by IVINS to be the seventh) was dirty and could not be purified by density gradient. IVINS described this "dirty" sample as dark brown in color, clumpy, non-refractile with a lot of debris and vegetative matter. IVINS does not recall seeing a non-Ba contaminant and noted that the sample was just bad Ba. IVINS did not know why this shipment was bad and did not know why Dugway did not notice the quality of these spores prior to shipment. IVINS reviewed his notes and determined that this sample was autoclaved, although he does not rec~ll if he was present when it was autoclaved. b7F USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012846Anthrax Page 1226 of 1446 , FD-302a'(Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of Typically, IVINS would place a sample in a bag and place it in the autoclave. The last person leaving for the day would usually turn on the autoclave. IVINS reviewed the Reference Material Receipt Record for RMR 1029. He stated that this was not a legal document and was only meant to keep track of the inventory to know when more spores would be needed. IVINS explained that since RMR 1029 were Good Lab9ratory Practices (GLP) spores, they were not accessible to many people. IVINS reviewed some of the specific entries on the Reference Material Receipt Record for RMR 1029 and explained the following: (1) Spores used inl lwere for an IM challenge where only thousands of spores were needed. Spores for this work were onlyr of RMR 1029 that was then diluted for the study. (~) Spores used for Covance were irradiated prior to shipment to Covance's Denver, Pennsylvania facility for use in spore antiserum production. (3) I lwas lproject, which involved aerosol challenges of approx1mately ~000 rabbits. I lwas trying to determine what dose of vaccine would provide protection for 50% of the rabbits challenged. IVINS would take material from RMR 1029 in Suite B3 dilute it, and provide this to for this study. ~------~~~~~~~~~~~"-~~~-?~B~~ecause of I I r-----~--------~~~~r---r-------~~(4) Spores used Spore~s~--~ forj as un 1 uted spores. (5) use or the Bioport Rab~b~1~t~Challenge included! lthat were to challenge approximately 100 rabbits. (6) Spores forc::J at Battelle were sent for aerosol challenges at Battelle. explained that the discrepancies between the volume removed from RMR 1 0 2 : 0 May and June 2001 shipments to Battelle I I and respectivj~~~N:nl th~ ~~l~ actually sh1pped in ay a~ une 2001 andl I respectively) were due to the fact the centrifuged the samples and reduced their overall volume rior to shipment to Battelle. (7) Spores provided to 8/27/01 were undiluted spores. (8) Spores prov1 e on 10/4/01 were undiluted spores. I I _ O IVINS explained that RMR 1029 was maintained in two 500 mL flasks in suite B3. When material was needed for a challenge, IVINS would remove the volume of spores needed in the challenge and place this volume in a Gibco serum bottle. This Gibco serum bottle was then transported to building 1412 at USAMRIID, where it was aliquoted for use in the challenge. IVINS stated that the two 500 mL flasks that contained RMR 1029 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012847Anthrax Page 1227 of 1446 o FD-302a '(Rev. 10-6-95) o _ o 09 I 0 8 I 2 0 04 , Page _ _6 __ b7C F 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ___:B:;.:r::...u;;;;.c.;:;,.e..;:;,_.;;;;E~.---=I;;...;v;..:i:;,.:n:;;;s;::...____________ , On Continuation of FD-302 of were never taken over to bui~c===J. Only the amount needed for a challenge was taken tol___jin a Gibco serum bottle. The volume of RMR 1029 that was recorded on the Reference Material Receipt Record was not based on visual observation but instead was based on back calculatila the a:ount taken from the original volume. When asked about a_ ~iscrepancy in this record, IVINS explained that evaporation over the years as well as math error would account for this m?~?ng volume. IVINS stated tbat RMR 1029 could have lost up to a year and this would not be unusual because it is not storE~_n an air tight container. He noted that when they aliquoted ltubes in the past, they would see an approximate! !drop in volume over time that they believe is from evapora~1on. IVINS also stated that he is not sure how much hi; record is off from the actual volume because sAl _ ltook the container and noted there was approximately I I eft, but I I did not actually measure the container. Therefore, IVINS 1s unsure how much of RMR 1029 may be missing. IVINS noted that he shipped some of RMR 1029 to the University of New Mexico in 2001 .. IVINS stated that this shipment was not recorded on the Receipt Record and he was not sure why it wasnot recorded. IVINS stated that the information on this shipment would be located on USAMRIID form 11R in the Safety Office. USAMRIID had previously shipped the Ames strain to Dugway in 1992. IVINS does not know what the 1992 shipment was used for at Dugway. IVINS believes that the 1992 shipment to Dugway was spores from either the "1985" or "1989" sample. There is only a small amount of RMR 1029 remaining that is needed for non-human primate (NHP) studies this year. When USAMRIID ?was getting low on RMR 1029 spores, they contracted Dugway-in 2001 to produce additional spores. Dugway put off the production of these spores and just recently sent USAMRIID the last batch of spores they were contracted to produce. The FBI is in possession of the first batch of these spores, called the "2003 Dugway" spores. IVINS is in the process of purifying' the last batch of these spores, called the 2004 Dugway" spores. IVINS noted that the 1997 Dugway spores were much niQer than the 2003 Dugway spores. Approximately~ of the 2003 shipment could not be used because they were so bad.' The only Dugway spores at USAMRIID are the 1997 spores, the 2003 spores, and the 2004 spores. IVINS noted that he called the 1997 Dugway spores the "Dugway Spores". The other two sets of spores were called the 11 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012848Anthrax Page 1228 of 1446 , FD-302a?(Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of Dugway 2003 spores 11 and the 11 Dugway 2004 spores 11 o IVINS copied the USAMRIID Form 11 that documented the shipment of Ba to Dugway in 1992. This document is maintained in an FD-340 in the 1A section of the file. At this point in the interview/ IVINS escorted the interviewing agents to the USAMRIID Safety Office to obtain a copy of the USAMRIID form 11R for the shipment of Ba to Dugway in 1997. A copy of this document is maintained in an FD-340 in the 1A section of the file. 11 IVINS explained that some samples of Ba have multiple numbers used to identify the samples. For exam~le, RMR 1029 is also identified as 11 7737 n. He explained thatl _ who worked in Office of Product Development and Regulatory Affa1rs (0 DRA) at USAMRIID, b7c assigned numbers for samples at the entire institute. IVINS noted that I lis no longer at USAMRIID and is currently working in the Research Tr1angle Park area in North Carolina. When a sample was moved between buildings 1412 and 1425, it was assigned a different tracking number. As a result, a sample could have as many as three identification numbers. IVINS noted that the only number that was consistent in identification of a sample was the Agent Inventory Number. J With regard to RMR 1030 and RMR 10291 IVINS stated that all of the batches made at USAMRIID which were incorporated in 1030 or 1029 were made by IVINSI IRMR 1030 was prepped for an aerosol challenge in the same way as RMR 1029 (described above) . IVINS is not aware of any deviations from protocol when growing RMR 1030 or RMR 1029. As with RMR 10291 the main flask storing RMR 1030 was never taken from 1425 to 1412. Only the amount required for an aerosol challenge was decanted and sent to 1412. IVINS then explained some changes in the growth protocols that were used to prepare RMR 1030 and RMR 1029 and the growth protocols used today. These differences included the following: (1) using an orbital shaker (now) versus usin a side-to-side shaker (then)i (2) growing~t~h~e~B~a~~a~t.___________________~ (now) versus growing Ba at (then) . He note ~t~h~a~t--a__ n_e_w~s~o~p=-~i-s~b-e~i-n_g d~r-a~f~t-e~dr-w-1~.t~h~~trh_e__ __ c_u_r_r_e_n_t~~changes incorporated. Outside of these noted changes, IVINS stated there have only been minor modifications to the protocols over time; for exampler centrifuging for 20 minutes instead of 10 minutes. I .would be good sources of information on this top1c. IVINS noted that there are several individuals at USAMRIID that grow spores. Most of the persons who grow Ba also grow spores, although he was not sure of the amounts grown by each person. IVINS listed the following persons as those at USAMRIID outside of his USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012849Anthrax Page 1229 of 1446 o FD-302a'(Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _ ___ 8 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID _ __.: B:;.; r; . .u; ; . c; ; . e.: ;._E;; ; _;_.__;;;;I_;.v..:;i;;;.;n;.;:s;____________ , on 0 9 I 0 8 I 2 0 0 4 Continuation of FD-302 of I laboratory who have grown spores: I IVINS explained a previous statement where he had said that the Ames strain was determined to be "hot" jn He explained that USAMRIID used the Vollum lB s'train untill ~ I I lshowed some vaccine resistant strains 1n gu1nea p1gs, one of which was the Ames strain. Therefore, .researchers decided to use the Ames strain instead of Vollum lB. This occurred in the early to mid-1990s. :996. IVINS was shown a series of photographs of samples collected by SAl I from IVINS on June 6, 2004. He was shown a photo of a tube labeled "Ames Stock, I ~ written in blue ink. IVINS did not recogn1ze the tube. IVINS. was asked why he called the sam le a when the date on the tube was ?1999 and IVINS stated that the tube was just in a box labeled and thatl may know more about this sample. IVINS was t en shown a p~fi-o~t-o_g_r_a_p~h--o~f~~ a tube labeled "Ames Spores, 2433, CDC 7738 written in black ink. IVINS explained that this was a sample thatl lgot from IVINS and IVINS believes that the FBI already has this sample in the FBI ~~~?~ry. The sample is either RMR 1029 or material thatl I ~------~m~a~de. IVINS suggested the interviewing agents contact! I to determine what seed stock was used to make this sample, if in fact did make this sample fori I IVINS was then shown two p otos o a sample labeled Ames Spores, I I c==J written in green ink. IVINS did not recognize these tubes. IVINS was also shown a photo of a tube labeled Ames Spores, Renograffin Purified, 3128101, 7739C", written in blue ink. IVINS noted that this was a sample of Ba prepared byl lin March of 2001. He did not know the seed stock used to make this sample. 11 , 11 11 The interview was then paused for lunch. After conducting some research during the lunch break, IVINS provided agents with copies of page 70 from notebook # 4010 and page 86 from'notebook # 3655. In addition, IVINS provided agents with a one page document titled Information on B. anthracis Ames spore lots and a one-page document titled Spore Preparation Formn. These documents are maintained in an FD-340 in the lA section of the file. From these documents, IVINS noted that the Ames spores sent to Dugway in 1997 were sent in suspension, in four lmL polypropylene tubes, at a concentration of 1 x 10 10 spores per mL. This shipment is consistent with IVINS sending RMR 1030 to Dugway in 1997. Although IVINS isn't sure that it was RMR 1030 that he sent to Dugway, the concentration of the 1997 shipment, the storage container, and the method of shipment are all consistent with RMR 1030 being sent to Dugway in 1997. IVINS noted that all of RMR 11 11 , 11 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012850Anthrax Page 1230 of 1446 ~ FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o _ o , on 0 9 I 0 8 I 2 0 04 , Page _ _9 _ _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID __;;B;;.;;r;;..;u:::.c.::..e..::::._;;;:E~.__;;I:....:v:..;;i:;;.;;n:;;;.:s::........___________ Continuation of FD-302 of 1030 was produced in Leighton and Doi broth, in accordance with UIB-BI3. IVINS advised that he would need to review his notebooks to determine what seed stock was sent from USAMRIID to Dugway in 1992. IVINS explained that Capsule Agar detects capsule formation in Ba. He noted that Ba would not show capsule formation when? grown in carbon dioxide at less than 5% unless both plasmids were present. IVINS advised that the material sent from Southern Research Institute (SRI) to California byl lrece~t~y was grown o~ caps~~~~~-~~ prepared by date originated 3123197 and effective date 417197. This documen~~~m~a~1~ntained in an FD-340 in the 1A section of the file. IVINS has worked with Covance in Denver, Pennsy1vania. USAMRIID wanted Covance to produce antiserum for some s ore antibody studies. These studies were performed by In support of some Ba vaccine studies at USAMRIID, USAMRIID as provided the Ba vaccine to Covance. Covance immunizes the rabbits, and the rabbits are then brought down to USAMRIID for challenge. IVINS is not aware of any live Ba used by Covance. All Ba provided by USAMRIID to Covance is gamma-irradiated. I I is doing some work with Covance and IVINS works with! j The only Covance facility visited by IVINS is the one 1n Denver, Pennsylvania. ? Regarding the sample sent to the Defense Research Establishment Suffield (DRES) in Canada IVINS believes it was vegetative cells sent byl I He believes this shipment was not spores and was probably sent in a frozen state. IVINS noted that this information could be found on the form 11R. He does not know the origin of the sample sent to DRES. IVINS ~n;;;.;o;;..t;;;..e;;;;.d;;;;;_...;;;t.;;;.;;h;.;;;a;.;;t;;..a..._____._..;.;.;;;=-_;;..;~ ood at makin He also added ha 1 prov1 e a one-page e-ma1 at DRES, dated 418104, regarding this Ames Ba spore ~s~1~p~m~e-n~t~.t~o~~D~R~E~S~. This document is maintained in an FD-340 in the lA section of the file. Regarding sample 7739A/ grown byl lin 1997/ IVINS did not whatl I used to make this sample and stated he would have to check his notebooks and ask around to determine what may have been used. IVINS described heat shocking of spores. He explained that it was an activating mechanism used to synchronize spores prior to USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012851Anthrax Page 1231 of 1446 o Fii>-302li (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page -==--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID _ __;;B: :. :r; ;. u=c.. : :e__;; ; E; . .;.__;;I:; . v; . .;1: :.:n::.: :.s: :;,____________ , on 09 I 0 8 I 2 0 0 4 ' Continuation of FD-302 of germination. IVINS first became aware of heat shocking back in the Gulf War. The Division Chief called IVINS in his office to discuss ab 6 large NHP study. The Division Chief did not want the spores F Renograffin purified because that was not was done. in the old Spores used to be heat shocked at This temperature was chosen becaus:e=-~c~o~u~n~s~~o=-n~o~~e~c~r~e~a~s~e=-~a~~~l~S~~ temperature and refractile spores are not killed. Spores that are used for intramuscular (IM) or aerosol challenges are heat shocked. All ?spores are heat shocked in building 1412. IVINS does not know if has ?studied virulence with res ect to heat shock. However, did some studies on heat ~~~--~m-a-t~e-r~1-a~-v-e_r_s_u_s n o_n--~~~---------m-a-t~e~rial. ____ IVINS noted that he told SSAI lthat USAMRIID used Tween to break up a thick spore suspensions. I I who works for I lhas added anti-foam to spore suspensions. IVINS then discussed the spore harvest procedure. Ames strain Ba, from a primary subculture, is streaked onto a sheep's blood agar (SBA) plate. Three "typical" colonies are selected and placed in phosphate buffer solution, then into Leighton and Doi broth for three days. Spores are harvested and run through a Hypaque density gradient. Hypaque is what is used now, where as Renocal or Renograffin is what was used in the past. IVINS learned this density gradient purification procedure from IVINS advised that he recently received an e-mail from USAMRIID command that stated the FBI was requesting all files, e-mails, etc. that related to the Ames strain of Ba. IVINS opined that this was a large undertaking and demonstrated this by showing the interviewing agents that just by searching the term "Ames" on his archived e-mails, he retrieved over 1200 emails. IVINS advised that he will be glad to provide whatever the FBI requested, but this request would require a large amount of time. Fifteen laboratory notebooks that were provided by IVINS were returned to him. An FD-597 was executed and detailed the numbers of the notebooks returned. IVINS was provided with a copy of the FD-597, and the remaining two copies are maintained in an FD-340, in the 1A section of the file. USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012852Anthrax Page 1232 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Attn: Date: 10/04/2004 Counterterrorism ,washington Field SSAI IIC~.~----~--------~ Amerithrax 3, SA~~--------------~ From: Squad 7AL____~_____wiR~e~s~~~?d~e~n~t~A~g~e=n~c~yL-------------~ Contact: SAl Approved By: Drafted By: ;::I========::...,1 (Pending)~ I Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Title: l.D"'\ (p ~~9A-WF-222936-USAMRIID (Pending)J~~ 1 AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 To report information obtained during interview of I Synopsis: ~ Reference: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD Serial 627 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Serial 891 I Enclosure(s): Enclosed for Washington Field, Amerithrax 3, is a 1-A envelope containing notes taken during the interview of I ~R~e-s_e a_r_c~~I~n-s~t~~~t-u~t-e o_f~~Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) __ __ at t e to captioned investigation. information is provided: States Army Medical in relation Pursuant to that lead, the following Un~te On 9/29/2004, ldate of birth~~~----~-=--~--~--~~~----~~~~--~ ~~----~--~~ place of~~~~----------_.~~~~~~~~ lace of residence ~----~--=-~~~----~~~--~~--~~~~-J;egional Domestic Secur~ty Task Force. After being advised of the identity of the USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012853Anthrax Page 1233 of 1446 \o ,. To: Re: o Counterterrorism From: .--I--------,1. 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/0~4-/~2~0~0~4------~ A o I interviewing agent as well as the nature of the interview, !provided the following information: I t I lhad obta1nect the eau1va1ent ot al fgraduated loriqinallv I degree in rwas awarded ldeqree 1nl Colleae I froml I Colleqel r I I r In I Colleael r I lm.::l-i()r~=>n I enrolled in thel inl I I While attenninal ITTni . t- "\T 2 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012854Anthrax Page 1234 of 1446 'I A To: Re: o From: r-1- - - - -..... 1 Counterterrorism o 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/04/2004 ~~----------~- b7C did not of Anthrax cultured was a tox1c form. culturing Anthrax, separating the doing DNA analysis on them. !:-:-::-----------1 The Anthrax with the spores and According tol I I research 1nvo1vect work1ng w1th 1ntect1ous ct1seases to develop means of diaqnosinq and treatinq infectio~s diseases! I~ I I I 3 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012855Anthrax Page 1235 of 1446 To: Counterterrtlism From: Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD 1 10/04/2004 ~~------------~41t ldid not work with Anthrax durinJ the time~~----------------~~ b7C a.....,.i-n'""'f,...e-c~t~ir-o-u_s d"'l"T"i_s_e_a_s_e_s__ ""'d::---d"::""e-c-1":"".d"'l"e-d-::-1 __ a-n' lbai an interest in working with to at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRIID a ~------~--~k-n_e_w t~h-a_t t~h~e---s":""k~i~l~l-s~he __ __ uire ht after in the rivate advised that w en the FBI was reestablishing its laboratory at Quantico 1 Virginia/ USAMRIID began to collaborate with them on various research froj jets. j jthought that by working at USAMRIID chances of obta1n1ng employment~~------------~lwould be enhanced . 1 4 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012856Anthrax Page 1236 of 1446 To: Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/04/2004 Counterter~ism From: ~~--------------41t~ ~~~----------------~~--~--~----~~~----~------~~ The Anthrax spores were cultured us1ng select1ve med1a or enriched media. Only that amount of Anthrax that was needed to conduct testing was cultured. Some to the Anthrax was dead through irradiationi however, some live Anthrax spores were also used. Live Anthrax would be stored in refrigerated com artments until it was needed. I I explained it,~~~--~------~ ould obtain the Anthrax the used from !advised that the mo~d~1~.f~1~.e-d~~G--s_p_o_r_u~l-a-t~i~o-n--m-e-d~ia on almost a da1ly bas1s. Initially, I !advised that c:Jcould not r~ll the. specific stra1ns of Anthrax that were used byl ____ I however,c=Jsearched for and retrieved some personal notes had taken regarding experiments[:] had performed while at USAMRIID. These notes indicated that the Anthrax strains that had been used in his research testing were I !speculated but could not state for a fact that some of the Anthrax sam les that were used had been obtained during I !indicated once again thatr-----------~~~--~ res ons1ble for storin the Anthrax. T ~--------~------------~~lused ~----~--~~~----~------~~--------~~ wou t en take whatever amounts of Anthrax they needed to complete that particular day's testing assignments. I !advised that neitherc:]nor anyone else in c==]sect1on ever d1d any work which involved the drying of Anthrax.? lall strains of Anthrax that were fully characterized. The specific strains used were~~~~._----------~ ~--------------~ All of the Anthrax thatl~--------------~ ~~------------------~--_.------~1~w-o-r~k-e-d~with According tal 5 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012857Anthrax Page 1237 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrorism 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/0~4~/~2~0~0~4----~ e From: ..--I -----,~o . iven to them b worked with was lhas no J.dea howl present time but assumes thatl identifying data fori lcould be contacted at the I would be able to provide I had no idea howl I would I could be contacted but assumes thatl be able to fully identify L__j ldid know of any problems that were I e:t 'ence~~a~w~J.~t~h~b~a~c~t~e~r~J.al contamination at the lab. ~~~~----~~ was not aware of any problems with bacterial contamination e virology suites. .......,. ~~~~n ___________ ..... stated that D and other personnel inc:::J varyJ.ng occasions used the hot areas of building The laborator worked at in l. entJ.fy the locatFJ.~o~n~s~==~~ worked in using the diagrams that had been provided. I I !could not s ecificall recall anything relating~t-o____ a c_o_o_l~e.r .. located in room could not identify where room c:::J was 1 oca ted a...o_n t:-ohr-e---=rd..,.i_a_g_r_a_m_s-r--1-1 provided by the __ interviewing agent. ~--~~~----~--~--~~~could?not pl.ggy 6 ot areas WJ. USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012858Anthrax Page 1238 of 1446 To: Re: Counterterrorism From: . 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/~04~/~2~0~0~4------~ o ~I----~?1 !believed that if someone wanted to, they could remo~v~e~~s~e~r~e~c~t~a~g~e~nts from the hot areas by placing them in vials and then putting the vials in their pockets. ~~--~~~~--~ never witnessed anyone removing any select agents from the hot areas but in o inion such removal could be easily accomplished. explained that the military technicians were str~ct y accountable for all the materials that they used in their experiments. The military personnel had to sign for all of the materials they used and account for them at the end of each day. All of the materials were turned in or documentation had to be provided that showed that they were destroyed. I lthe.civilian lab technicians were not held to such high standards of~------------~ accountability for the materials they worked with. I never heard anyone talking about removing any select~-a-g_e_n~t~f-r_o_m--~ the lab. I lnever heard anyone make any statement indicating that they were going to try to obtain a select agent to used it for some improper purpose. I lwas not aware of any persons with access and ability to create or handle dangerous biological weapons to express hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the media or others. I lstated that none of the people that worked with were lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately int:rested in agents that could be turned into harmful a~ents. ~ lagain stated thatl I I jmany o~ t e c~vil~an technicians were more lax in their follow~ng of rocedures than the military personnel who worked at the lab. could not identify any specific individua ax in handling dangerous items. c:J r _ During the time thatl lworked at USAMRIID, c==Jnever heard any rumors indicat~ng that there was an individual or individuals who were interested in gaining access to Anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents. I ldid not know of or hear any rumors indicating that anyone was frying to obtain the means to produce Anthrax or other biological or chemical agents who did not have a specific need or 1 responsibility for doing so. I lstated that in order to mail dried Anthraxt someone would have to be able to know how to weaponize it. In! !opinion, whoever prepared the Anthrax that was mailed in October of 2001, had to have access to a great deal of laboratory machinery in order to make it . 7 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012859Anthrax Page 1239 of 1446 To: Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/04/2004 Counterterr~ism From: ~~--------------~~ lwas not aware of anyone who expressed a ~~~~~i~n:t:e:r~e--s~t~i-n~b-e-1~'ng able to get around forensic techyigujs. has never been to the State of New Jersey in ~1~e~.-r------~~~~ does not have any associates or any personal or professional acquaintances who are associated with the Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey areas. I !believed that some of the civilian technicians who worked at USAMRIID were from New York but did not know anyone from the New Jersey area. ~dvised thatc=Jdoes not know anyone who traveled w According tol I there were standing operating procedures (S~0~P~s~)~f~o-r--t~h-e--d~econtamination of class two and class three bio safety cabinets icl lwork areas.! I !could not recall specifically what the SOPs conta1ned. In general, the SOPs gave instructions on how disinfectant were to be used. Durin the time that worked at USAMRIID, At t1mes, could smell bacterial decontamination agents in ~t~e~--------~~ suites. !advised that during the timec::Jworked at USAMRIID, routinely used plastic storage containers such as sterlite boxes for the storage ofl !research materials. I ~id not know how, where or when these containers were purchased. I !explained that a civilian supply technician ordered all of those types of supplies and issued them out as they were needed. I lnever knew of any storage boxes to be missing. According tol I at various times whenc=J worked at USAMRIID, some researchers would conduct experiments with Anthrax which were not recorded. stated that this was not done for a sinister purpose. explained that scientists are curious by nature an some experimentation that was conducted was impromptu and went? unrecorded. I !advised that this was not a practice of the military personnel but was a routine practice of certain civilian lab technicians. I lcould not identify any individuals who did such unrecorded experiments. !advised that all ofc::Jwork was recorded in lab not~e~b~o~o~k~s-.--~T~h~o~s~e notebooks should be 1n the custody of I lstated thatc==Jdid keep some personal notes regard1ng jxpjr1mentsc::Jconducted. These no~e unclassified and knows of no prohibition againstL___J possessing them. 8 I b USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012860Anthrax Page 1240 of 1446 To: ' Counterterrorism tt Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD 1 10/0~4~/~2~0~0~4----~ From: ..--I------.1. . stated that when Oworked at USAMRIIDF-'-,-..., c==Jwould use a post off~ce in Frederick Maryland to transact! personal business. At varying times, did urcha~s-e-~ pre-stamped envelo All of the enve purchased were for own ersonal use and oes not recall giving any to anyone . always purchased envelo es over-the-counter from a postal service employee. claimed that c:J never purchased any envelopes from ._a_v_e_n-....~.,..n-g_m_a_cT' ine . 1 I I D did not know I I advised that I I I 9 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012861Anthrax Page 1241 of 1446 To: Re: A Counterter~ism 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/~04~/~2~0~0~4----~ From: ~I--~~? . b7C At~ conclusion of the interview,! I advised thatl__jwou more than happy to answer any additional questions regardin ex eriences while wor,inJ at the USAMRIID laboratories. also stated that would be willing to take a polygraph examination in order to prove the truthfulness of the informationc==Jprovided above. 10 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012862Anthrax Page 1242 of 1446 ,, . To: Counterterrorism ~ Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/h0~4~/~2~0~0~4----~ From: ~I--------~1. o LEAD(s): Set Lead 1: (Info) WASHINGTON FIELD AT WASHINGTON, D.C. Read and clear. ++ 11 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012863Anthrax Page 1243 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 1 0 I 12 I 2 0 04 Pursuant to a letter of re uest dated 08 24 2004 1011212004, I I Uni'L-,t-:-e-:-d~':::;'s~t-::-a-:::t~e-s~A::-r._my ;-:M~e....,di"'Tl-c~a....,lr--:R::::-e s_e_a_r__ _____ __ c-.r--:I::-n-s--t:""""''"l":""t--u-:::t__ e_o..,..--.....J Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , telephone provided Special Agent (SA)I lwith the following items: A list of laboratorv notebooks maintained at USAMRIID for the J"ollowinq individual~,! I 1 BRTT("m. T\TT'l\Ts 1 r r-----------------------------~----~1 No notebooks'were located for Leave records for the ~ear 2001 fori - I ~~======~,~=----------~====~--~ ~--------------------------~ Tjme and Attendance records fori - I ~----------~ A list derived from Electron Microscopy (EM) logs of all EM which meets the description "Ames spore preparations" as requested in the letter of request. Included are samples for which there was not enough information to make a determination, but could be 11 Ames spore preparations 11 ; ______s_a_m_g_l_e_l______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ a_n conducted forl ... 42 electron microscopy photographs. The list of laboratory notebooks is attached. other items are maintained in 1A envelopes. All of the ' ~_a sp_e_c~i-1 grQj~ctl. r 0 Investigation on File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ~ Cj ig Date dictated 10/12/2 0 04 by-L----------------~------------------------------------------------~ USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012864Anthrax Page 1244 of 1446 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 o B NTBK# CODE c o D E ** = laboratory technician; not always assigned individual notebook NA = no record of notebook assigned to researcher active = notebook held by researcher destroyed = notebook sent to Records Mgt office and destroyed ca 1988 inactive= notebook held in library inactive/storage = notebook held by library, stored in warehouse transferred = notebook ownership transferred to another researcher unused = notebook returned unused; reissued under same number to another researcher NAME STATUS COMMENTS I I NA active assigned to Ivins no subject no subject yersinia pestis recombinant yersinia pestis recombinant yersinia pestis ademylate cyclase cloning plague f1 protein purification f1 operon genetics plague plague plague plague plague plague plague plague live vaccine/yersinia pestis anthrax vaccines anthrax anthrax anthrax anthrax anthrax virulence genes gene regulation toxin expression anthrax anthrax anthrax I active active inactive inactive inactive inactive active inactive inactive active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active ]I] I NA USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012865Anthrax Page 1245 of 1446 A 52 53 54 55 Ivins, B. 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 o B c ~estroyed o D Legionnaire's disease Legionnaire's disease Legionnaire's disease anthrax khf Legionnaire's disease Rapid detection of infect diseas Rapid detection of infect diseas Legionnaire's disease anthrax Legionnaire's disease anthrax anthrax toxin anthrax toxin 871~ac/mgda bacillus anthracis 91 c~la/mcoc anthrax vaccine research anthrax toxin anthrax toxin anthrax toxin reissued tol I anthrax toxin anthrax toxin anthrax anthrax anthrax anthrax anthrax vaccine studies anthrax vaccine studies anthrax and orgies anthrax vaccine studies anthrax toxin anthrax grp study mdph e bacillus anthracis anthrax anthrax and adjuvants anthrax studies 1 anthrax studies 2 anthrax studies 3 anthrax surrogate markers anthrax vaccine studies anthrax spores Bacillus anthracis worlwide strain anthrax study b98-03 atypical anthrax strains AVA experiments RPA experiments E I NA ~estroyed ~estroyed inactive/storage active inactive/storage inactive/storage active active inactive/storage active inactive/storage active active active active active active active active unused active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012866Anthrax Page 1246 of 1446 .,, ""' A 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 I 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 Mikesell, 0. 148 149 150 151 152 153 o B active active active active active active ' . c o D anthrax anthrax anthrax vaccine efficiency anthrax spores spore inventory record rapid diagnosis sequencing anthrax toxins sequencing anthrax toxins sequencing anthrax toxins rvfv dna proves anthrax toxins anthrax toxins anthrax toxins molecular genetics of bacillus ant molecular genetics of bacillus ant molecular genetics of bacillus ant 871-ac 871-ac anthrax toxins anthrax toxins anthrax toxins anthracis virulence factor anthracis virulence factor anthracis virulence factor no subject no subject no subject no subject no subject no subject no subject detection & charact plasm ids gene cloning detection & charact plasm ids detection & charact plasm ids plasm ids bacillus anthracis genetics bacillus anthracis assigned to Ivins E nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive Inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive I inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive inactive I destroyed plasmid char. & detection destroyed plasmid char. & detection inactive/storage anthrax inactive/storage anthrax inactive/storage anthrax inactive/storage anthrax inactive/storage . s1 0-ao-170 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012867Anthrax Page 1247 of 1446 A 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 16~ o =! '"' . s10-ao-170 anthrax anthrax toxin anthrax toxin anthrax toxin anthrax toxin anthrax toxin transferred to transferred to transferred to transferred to c inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive inactive inactive o D Ivins Ivins Ivins Ivins E b7C I NA USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012868Anthrax Page 1248 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 11 ALL nJFOPHATI OI!J CmiTAI NED o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 1 0 I 2 9 I 2 0 04 "? ' I I date of birthl I social security numberl I employed at the United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) 1 was interviewed telephonically on October 29 2004. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agent and the nature of the interview 1 I !provided the following-information: ~B~R~u~c~E IVINS. stated that the lot is suspended by Phenol and is in possession of The material was heat-shocked prior to being used. Investigation on File# ~I----------------~1 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - q17 1012912004 at (telephonically) Date dictated by ? ~L U...,.4"'J!!:3'"ll:o~3~s .....-wp-a.---..... USAMRIID Section 19.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; 012869Anthrax Page 1249 of 1446 FD?302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o - 11 o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 11 / 1 7 / 2 0 0 4 address Investlgation ~~~--~------~~--~~--~------~~--~ being advised. of the nature of t e lntervlew an t e the interviewing agentl !provided the following information: of I Froml ~orked at United States A~r-m-y~M~e-d~l~.c-a~1-=R-e_s_e_a_r_c_h~~I-n-s~t-i~t-u~t~e---o-f~Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . ~~-r------------------------------------~ and currently works fori I ~--------------------------~ D b7C D While at USAMRIID did not work with any bioL:l:-o-g-l-:-.c-a-1=:---o-r_g_a_n-:i-s_m_s a_n_d-.:--d-.;-l.,-.d-=:---n-o-=-t--.:-k_n_o_w __. __ __ where Bacillus anthracis (Ba) was stored and/or worked on. knew Bruce Ivinsl o lbut was not aware of origination or disseminatlon of Ba. I ldid not know who had expertise in wjap,nization techniques/ spore production/ or lyophilizing. was not aware of any areas that had problems with bacterial contamination. c==J I lwas in building 1425 I Irooms In building 14121 Investigation on File# 11/16/04 at~~----------------~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - CJ1 / Date dictated 11 / 1 7 / 04 by :~-....ti .?.;;/~ondoti= noc oonol,.iono of fuo FBI. It ;, the pmpoey of tho FBI ond ;, loonod to yo"' ogoncy; USAMRIID Section 19.pdf D b7C 012870Anthrax Page 1250 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ld1d not use room there . ....__ ____,lwas unaware of people "piggy-backing" in and out of hot areas or if visiting scientists were taken into hot areas. did not know how to get Select Agents from the hot area covertly, or know anyone who tried. r-ldid not know anyone who said they might make a Select Agent ~use in some improper fashion. t--,..1-nl-:-b,~-r~d~i:-do::-r-'T":'"k_n_o_w_w~h-o_u_s_e-=d:---:i~t-o_r_w-::-h-a-:-t-w_a_s_s_to:---~ored c=J ldid not know any person with the access and ability to~c~r~e~a~t~e or handle dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the media or others. c==Jdid not know who mailed the anthrax letters. I ldid not know anyone who was lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents. c==Jwas not aware of anyone interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. I I does not know how to prepare dried Ba and send it through the mail. c::Jis not aware of anyone who expressed an interest in being able to get around forensic techniques. I land does not have any affiliation with Trenton or Princeton, New Jersey nor does L:]know anyone that does. c:J does not know about SOPs for decontamination of Class II or III biosafety cabinets and was not in virology areas. c::Jdid not work with any biological agents or make any records related to research, official or unofficial. c==Jnever purchased pre-~--~ stamped envelopes or used vending machines in Frederick. did not handle any anthrax-laced letters or do any analyt1~c-a-l~-~ work. I ~~~~~-r--~~,~~~i~~ d2d not activities at have associated with USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012871Anthrax Page 1251 of 1446 ,.. ,., .. . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of did not host forei n visitin scientists. ltried to stav out of research areas r-ldid not want to d1srupt any work. I I USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012872Anthrax Page 1252 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 10/15/2004 r-._--------~--~~1 date of birthc:: I social ecurity numberl lwas interviewed atc:::Jplace of employmen at the United States Army Medical Research Inst1tute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Building! ~Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, telephone I r-After being advised of the identity of tl~~~ interviewers and the purpose of the interview, I !provided the following information: Since From From Technicians kee track of the inventor in stock and notify Investigation on 10/15/2004 at Frederick/ Maryland Date dictated File# by I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID .. ~1:\S I Postal Inspector~ SAl I ....______. nI a This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 19.pdf ~ --- ~------------' 012873Amhra>< Page 1253 of 1446 MBE 19 012874Anthrax Page 1254 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 10/15/2004 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ j - - - - - - - - - - ,On Continuation of FD-302 of --2-- frozen have been stored in b7C ~--~lhas a working knowledqe of l~o~hilizers. However,c===J did not use a lyophilizer at USAMRIID ~~------------~~ USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012875Anthrax Page 1255 of 1446 "FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) . - 1- o FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription D 0 9 I 2 9 I 2 0 04 b6 date of birth was interviewed --~--~~~----~--~~----~~~~~~~~~-..--~----~_.~~c~al Research Porter Street, Fort After being advised of purpose of the interview,~~--------~ I lobtainedl !original Bacillus anthracis (B.a.) Ames samples from BRUCE IVINS, and has never obtained any B.a. Ames froml I Both samples are contained in 1. 5 millili te~ vials, and probably had an initial total.volume of approximatelyl____j The volume of I lis now si nificantly less because of use. Both samples _ are currentl in Room but the rna have reviousl been stored inbL has b7F ~------~--.~-~,~~~~-~-~~~~~-~-~~F~B~~I--r_e_p_o_s-~~t~o-r-y--.~--------~w-a_s__ n_o~t--c~e~r~t-a~i-n~thatc:::J ~---~~- was taken material ~--------~~~~~~~~~~~atl !obtained from IVINS took some Ames s ores from Vellum 1B and Ames were used for monkey challenges. as part of a study of vaccine proteins and antibodies and combinations of the two. At lea,t thirty to ~orcy'monkeys were used in the antibody vaccine study. . !thought that one batch of spores was used for the c=:J>30Z.~ Investigation on File# 0911712004 at Fort Detrick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID-~, by ~~~~-------------------------~ NI A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 19.pdf D 012876Anthrax Page 1256 of 1446 l<'D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ~L_____________j - - - - - , On 0 9/17/2 0 04 , Page--=--b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of entire study/ butc===Jdid not know anything about that batch 1 and advised that IVINS would know more about it. Imore Bioport was having difficulty with the challenge strain used for their vaccine work. I lusAMRIID at the time, and they were trying to sort different Vollum lBs. There is than one Vellum lB at USAMRIID, I I I which is ._m_a_J.-:-.n-t~a--:-in-e-=d~i-n_a_n~F~D~-~3~4~0~-:-in-~t-:-h-e~l~A-s_e_c_t_i=-o-n_o_f-=---t':""h-e~f~i-=1-e-.----' USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012877Anthrax Page 1257 of 1446 ~D-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J-_ _ _ _ _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ,On Continuation ofFD-302 of 09/17/2004 ,Page_..;._._ There are over seven thousand numbers assigned to samples within File Maker Pro, which is an inventory database of select agents at USAMRIID. The numbers are assigned by File Maker Pro regardless of the PI or any other factor. The system was developed :rior to the new Centers for Disease Control (CDC) regulations. I _ I ~~--~----~~~~ USAMRIID is changing the program to e more userfriendly and to better track samples. Implementation of File Maker Pro started around the time when the FBI served the first subpoena to USAMRIID in the spring of 2002. Researchers were instructed to inventory all samples in January 2002, butl I could not recall who gave this directive. They were supposed to register every strain they were in possession of, and each strain was assigned one number, with the quantity of vials of that strain noted. A copy of this sample list was provided to the FBI I I ~~----~----~~--~--~----~~----------~~--~~ F~le Maker Pro does not ass~gn alpha characters, however an alpha c aracter after a sample number may designate an aliquot. Prior to the File Maker Pro inventory system, the Ames strain used in Suites B3 and B4 was registered with the Safety Office at USAMRIID and given a number there. This Safety Office sample number covered all B.a. Ames and Ames variants within the suite. Delta Ames, Delta ANR, and ANR all have different parental lines and therefore were likely registered differently. USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012878Anthrax Page 1258 of 1446 ,.FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 09/17/2004 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID b6 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - o O n -L The only nomenclature outside of File Maker Pro and PI preference is the B.a. list although! ldid not think that anyone I uses the B.a. lJ.st. I I No one at USAMRIID ferments spores. Until recently 1 there was a fermentor in Suite B4 used for protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor studies. The fermentor was in a laboratory considered to be Biosafety Level-2 (BL-2) space within Suite B4 1 as no hot strains could be present in the room. Attenuated strains such as Stearne were grown in the fermentor. In accordance with the Biological Weapons (BW) convention 1 the size of the B4 ferment~ have made it illegal to use for fermentation of hot strains. advised that she could probably count the number of times the ermentor was used. The space has been renovated, and now they have a smaller 5 liter (L) to lOL fermentor. I !thought that USAMRIID may have donated the fermentor previously in Suite B4 to a university. ..-----'---~~ showed! Ia series of photographs: not reco n1ze a 'photo of a tube labeled~...l_ _.... not hoto of a cryovial with a white top and labele in green marker however c:::J advised that most people would not use a green marker to label samples. c:J advised that "CDC" was written in front of sample number !pictured horizontally in a tube with an orange top because people I are getting confused among the CDC/ File Maker Pro/ and Safety Office numbers. 1 USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012879Anthrax Page 1259 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Deleted Page(s) - 2 Page 2 - b6, b7C Page 7 - b6, b7C USAMRIID Section 19.pdf 012880Anthrax Page 1260 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 10/18/2004 lsentl On 1011212004, Special facsimile a letter of re (SAll AMRIIDt~ States Army Medical Research a letter of request. access to USAMRIID !subsequently hand delivered the original sAl 1011212004 letter to~~--~----------------~--------~IUSAMRIID and a copy of the letter tol Fort Detrick, Judge Advocate General's Office. I The facsimile sent to~~----------~~is attached. Investigation on File# 279A-WF-222936 -USAMRIID _ \C)C)~ Date dictated 1 0 I 18 I 2 0 0 4 by~----------------~r--------------------------------------------------- ~------~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012881Anthrax Page 1261 of 1446 ~ "1 r I 1 .__,JJ ?r AMERITHRAX TASK FORCE 1 1 l l UNITED STATES POSTAL INSPECTION SERVICE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FREDERICK, MD OFFSITE OFFICE FAX. MESSAGE No. of PAGES 3 (INCLUDING COVER PAGE) . FAX No:~(] bl9 S/3? DATE: lo(;~/ffooi l TO:? J ~~~~~;~j-----~ b7C . FROM= ..... I ______ ----JI----- COMMENTS: ( FAX No. (240) 379-6203 CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE This communication is intended for the sole use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential and exempt from disclosure under applicable Law. If the reader of this communication is not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication may be strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify me immediately by telephone call and return the communi.cation to me at the above address via United States Postal Service. Thank you. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012882Anthrax Page 1262 of 1446 ?-? o In Reply, Please Refer to File No. U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation o 601 4th Street, NW Washington, DC 20535 October 12, 2004 USAMRIID 1425 Porter Street Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702 b7C Dear~l--------------~ Pursuant to the ongoing criminal investigation into the 2001 mailings of letters laced with Bacillus anthracis, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) requests the items, documents, and/or access listed below. If a point of contact for an item or document has been identified by one of our . investigators, that point of contact is listed with the item or document. Please contact Supervisory SP,ecial A ent SSA ~----r-----~--~------~or Special Agen when the items are available for pi~c~u-p--~~~~~~~--------~ ~~~e contact SSAI !directly regarding issues with the items or documents requested. items are as follows: Access to Personnel records for the following individuals: Bruce Ivins As arranged prevlously, investigators from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and The United States Postal Inspection Service will coordinate withl Ito review these files at USAMRIID. Thank you for your time and consideration. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012883Anthrax Page 1263 of 1446 ~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------w ' ,, .. ?r o o Sincerely, Inspector in Charge ISupervisory Special I J Agent b6 b7C cc: 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012884Anthrax Page 1264 of 1446 ;FD-302 ~ev. 10-6-95) -1 o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ~~--------------------------------------------------------~~?a~t~tended ~--------------~~land rece~vedl r~s currently aDl ~--------~l_________.lr~e~c~e~i~v~e~d~l~----------------------~l~d~e~~qree in in I ~------------------------------------------_.l~~s I I currently work~ng at Research I I Institute of osition Investigation on 11/2/2004 at File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \~C') ~ Date dictated by J] I ~------------------- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012885Amhra>< Page 1265 of 1446 SS 5 SES 20'pdf? 012886Anthrax Page 1266 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~----------------j---------------oOnll/2/2004 _:2;::..__ anthracis (B.a.) was tauqht tol The process by whichl~-----r~~~~~w?~~~~e~dL1B~a~ci11us I"Eyl !would first received! This additional step ~s ut~ ~zed for aerosol cnarrenge maceixal to eliminate any? impurities which can prevent s ores from being fuJJy aerosolized. The purification pr cedures used I I IVINS. does not know if there are other people who also know how to purify spores. ldid not have a written protocol to purify the spores, but ~e=v=e~ry step is described in the published research paper on this study. ed as inoculum were stored in I know the USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012887Anthrax Page 1267 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,Page_-=-- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation of FD-302 of --~----------------~----------------oOn 11/2/2004 b7C ~~--~--~--~--~~~--------~lknew which strain of B.a.l___jwas using during the challenges. does not know of, nor has c::Jever used Modified G~m--e~d~~-a-.~~~has never used a lyophilizer and does not know if USAMRIID one while Dwas employed. b6 b7C lnev~w where the Ames strain thatl worked with came from. L___jnever shared any B.a. with people outside of USAMRIID, or with people not associated withL I studies. lhas no kn,wledJe of anyone who knows how to weaponize biological agents. also does not know of any bacterial contamination incidences at USAMRIID. I I I 1 lbeaan emolovment at USAMRIIDI I 1rvrNs ,I r ._~ ble...,._l~~e-vr-~.;:;:e-:s-r:,_l-_-_-_-_-_-_~~l..=..n:;.:;;or......=l;.;oo~n:La;:,e:r::w:o:r:k::s::a:t::u~s:AMR:::r:;r=ro~:l:.::L~a:t:e:r::!:l:::::::::~====::l IVINSI I ~---------------------------------------------------~~w~o~r~?K~~e~<~ ~n ~ne Whenl r---------------------------------------~lconducted exper~ments in I ever worked in a BSL 4 su~ce. I !hours at USAMRIID were typically froml I !This was mostly due to the work that needed to be done tor challenges. I lwould go into USAMRIID at aroundl I ~----------~~~~~osol challenges were conducted in Building does not recall the room numbers. I ~w_a_s__ s-.:-h_o_wn a s_c-:h:-e-m--a-:-1tic map of Building I _____ I but c:::J c..._o_u-=1-:d:--n-o~t--___. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012888Anthrax Page 1268 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o use in o b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L_________ j - - - - - - - - - - , On 11/2 I 2 0 04 , Page _ _4=--- ldoes not~ber specific instances of piggybacking" at USAMRIID. L._.Jbelieves thatllmight have held a door open for someone rrht bihindrl'a:""l'eW times but could not remember specifics. sure tEa:t "piggybacking" occurred whileD was employe at USAMRIID. I 11 ~ lnever usedllargT plastic storage containers while worked at USAMRIID. never purchased pre-stamped envelopes and never bought envelopes from the vending machines at USAMRIID. Only people with the proper vaccinations and training have access to the hot suites. Anyone with such access could easily steal a select agent. The vials storing the select agents are small enough to sneak out of the hot suite and out of USAMRIID without notice. The only way for security to detect such thefts would be to conduct a strip search. I ldoes not know ofr nor hasc==Jever heard of anyone attempt1ng to USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012889Anthrax Page 1269 of 1446 , FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o 0 o b7C , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -;__________________r-----------------'On 11/2/2004 _....:5::;___ steal a select agent from USAMRIID. r---ldoes not know of anyone who has attempted to use B.a. improp~ or who have at~ew:~ed to gain access to select agents without a need to do so. t -~ does not know of anyone who had access to B.a. who ~::s~s-e-~----~ hostile attitudes toward the government or the press. could not think of anyone if USAMBTT~ who was lax in the han 1ng of dangerous materials. _ Jdoes not know of anyone who-could have mailed or helped with the mailing of the anthrax letters. 1 When asked whetherD would how to accomplish the anthrax mailings~ lstated that w,~~~~~~~~~~ dr B.a. and then send it throu h the ma1 . been?to Trenton, New Jersey. attended Princeton Universi y, u oes of anyone who continues to have ties to that city. I ~----~ not know of anyone with ties to Trenton, New Jersey. ~~~~~-p~e~o~p~e--w~o ldid not conduct any travels on or shortly after Se ~t-e-m-:b-e-r-1~1~ 2001. The da of Se tember 11 2001 ~~~~~~~~-=w~e~r~e~a~~~~~~~the event~s-.--~ asked if New I never wl lhad never ~~u=s=AM~R~I~ID and~~d==1~d not look fam1l1ar bfter in the media. was never a member of the and has never hosted any foreign . ~--~----------~~~--------~ V1S1t1ng SC1ent1sts. td ~----------oT~h~e~awn~l~y peoplel IIVINSI Jarei~~.________~II~v~r=N~s=-.--=D-u-r~i-n--g~t~h-e~f~1~r-s~t~t~w-o--~ I ~o-r~t~h-r_e_e_m_o_n~t-=h-s-a~.f~-:~t~e~~:rl~_ _.l.l~e~.:f:~t._l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~l-~ USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012890Anthrax Page 1270 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Cootin"otiooofFD-302of ~1....------------~------After the anthrax mailin s I On 11/2/2 0 04 I Page ---'6=--- has kept in steady contact withl lover the years. They discuss mostly personal matters, though on occasion,! I does update! lon other USAMRIID employees and project matters. discussed with reme er 1scuss1ng w1t come from. I lsurm1ses butc===Jcould not remember B.a. ~--._________~as asked to elaborate onr===lstudies using of B.a. used on thel does not recall if ever wrote down the concentration of the B.a. on the labels. did not know how USAMRIID assigned the different nomenclatures o the different strains of B.a. ~~~~~~ did not know if there were more than one naming system at~-.-----~ USAMRIID. IVINSI lwere the ones 1was~....-n_o_t~.-p-a-r~t-o~f~t~h~e-----~ I ._d=-e-c-i=-s-i=-o-n---m-a-::k~l":'"".n-g--.-r~----------r-:1b=-e-=-l.,..i-ev e_s--=-t::--'ha t __ IVINS I I wanted to get a representative sample of anthrax from all over the world. The stocks of B.a. were keptl although there might have been a larger tube of the Ames strain. I believed had access to suite were les were !....--~---~--~----~~~-~ has never had any miss1ng samples, and has never had any incidences of the B.a. not do what it was suppose to do. lhas never had any problems wit~ controls. IB.a. I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012891Anthrax Page 1271 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o , Page _ _ 7:..___ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -~------------------_r------------oOn 11/2/2004 I l ...:.o l-h.::> nrim):lry person whol Ion a few occasions but it was I I I I After that per1od,l I nnrinrr l-h.::> .Pirc:l- nf\r I r Idees not recall conversations at USAMRIID re g arct1ng stanctarct1z1ng the anthrax used in research due to variations caused by various me~ of growth or variations created by individual batches. ~does not believe that there are differences in the virulence 1n different colonies of the same strain. b7C by was a not wor with to technical ?~~-------W~uestions relating to ~~~~~~~~----------~might have talked but~~------------~ ~------~has never ~~~~~~~~knew of two in coun ry or ano worked with foreign visiting non-USAMRIID employees who worked ut did not know if they were from another er lab within the United States. I lwas not familiar with either "7738" or "7739". asked about "7800" and stated that it sounded familiar, could not remember much more. c===Jwas also asked USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012892Anthrax Page 1272 of 1446 o FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o oo , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~-------------------r---------------oOn 11/2/2004 _....;8::;..__ whetherllhad heard of 11 Reference Material Receipt (RMRQ.' and 11 Good L~tory Practices (GLP) II. I I stated that had heard ~P work being done, but did not know specifics. s far asL_Jknew,l !never grew any RMR or GLP materials. anvthinq from the challenges. I I IVINS, I I or othersl I from I 1 lwould plate out the B.a. to determ~ne concentrat~ons. r b6 b7C The aerosol challenges used only one strain of B.a. at a time. The different strains were tested several weeks apart. The B.a. used in the aerosol study was already available from b7c the first phase of the stud~ ldid not have to grow more B.a. f~o-r~t~h_e a_e_r o_s_o~1--s~t-u-d~y--.--------~ __ __ !does not know of speci~boratories outside USAMRIID which possessed the Ames strain. L___Jremembered that I lhad exchanged B.a. strains at one point, but could n8t rem~er the details. ldoes not recall specifics on a time when large batches of Ames spores were produced.! I I IVINS when I I I I ]was shown a series of photographs depicting individual v~als, boxes of vials and tubes, and contents of ~at;d.~~.t.!;;u:;::;L..,1 LI__..---.JI was shown a ? mL vial with wr~tten ~n reen ink. I the USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012893Anthrax Page 1273 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o ed tube labeled o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L-----------------~--------------oOnll/2/2004 _....::9,___ does not recall ever ere were numerous oxes store might have been possible that at another person's box to retrieve had a va ue recollection of?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~._----~--~ ldoes not know the Protocol UIB BI3. The interviewing Agents showedc::Ja copy of the Protocol (This Protocol has been sent to the correspondinq lA envelope) . After lookinq throuqh it I lstated thatl I employee,! I ~---,~~----~~----r----~ln~e~v~er had written prococo~s 1n ~ronc of I lwhile working. I !relied on hands-on training. ~--------------~~-~A?~~~~-f?1~11ll-time b7C I I I ~~~--~lhas not heard of any discussions of wheth~e~r~--~ B.a. grown during a?particular year was better than others.~~------~ has never received shipments of spores from oth~boratofoi~e~s~------~ I ldoes not recall ifr---lhad a system ofl___jown to~-~~------~ I l~oes not know if others had their I ~-::---:---:--~lwas asked whether would agree to take a polygraph administered by the FBI on questions related to the D b/c USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012894Anthrax Page 1274 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o oo , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID --~----------------~--------------oonll/2/2004 Continuation ofFD-302 of --=-=--- anthrax mailings of 2001. the polygraph. L-------~~voluntarily b6 b7C agreed to take USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012895Anthrax Page 1275 of 1446 ,, (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 11/18/2004 I Washington Field Washington Field AMX 3 Contact: SA SA~~--------------~~ AMX Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 (Pending)-\~\~ Q ils: An investigation of commenced because had access to locations wh~e--r-e~t~h-e~A~m-e-s---s~t-r-a~i-n~of Bacillus racis (B.a.) was stored while employed at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) .. Social Account Number: b7C was responsible for not have and other responsibilities that involved B.a .. ...._ _________. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012896Anthrax Page 1276 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fie" 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/18/2004 ~eld maintained any of the B.a. or other select agents outside the scope of the animal challenges. There is no evidence! lhas the knowledge, motivation or experience to conduct or part1c1pate in the September and October 2001 anthrax mailings. Numerous employees and contractors were interviewed from USAMRIID and none of these individuals alleged I !possessed the knowledge, experience or motivation to conduct sajd actT. Also, there were no FBI tips or complaints indicating that I _may have been directly or indirectly involved with the anthrax mailings. the aforementioned and the fact that Id1scoveredBased on whichwith this thatlinformationno have beenhas been lhas cooperated investigation, evidence to date suggests lmay involved in the anthrax-laced letter mailings. Unless or until such evidence is identified, no further investigation of I lis intended in this case . oo 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012897Anthrax Page 1277 of 1446 ~- .o ~ev~Ol-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o D 11/30/2U04 Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: Washington Field Washington Field AMX 3 Contact: SA ~----------------------~------~ Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: (Pending)-\~\'t AMERITHRAX; Major Case 184 Synopsis: To document a September 20, 2004 meeting at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) regarding FBI access to USAMRIID computers. r.=..;.;;;;..;;...;..._ _;;..;;.;;....;;;;..;;;;..&;;;...;;;;...;;;.,;;; temberr'~~~~~~~----~~--~SA w1 h ?~~----------------~~~~~~~~~~ one L....::-=-:-:~=---==:-:-:-::::---:1 SERG EA e and BRUCE IVINS, telephone at USAMRIID, 14 or er reet, Fort Detrick, Maryland (MD) to establish a procedure by which the FBI could recover electronic mail (email) from USAMRIID computers. D I I and SGTI Iagreed to allow the FBI access to USAMRIID desktop computers, laptop computers, loose media such as zip drives and floppy disks, and the USAMRIID network so that dat~ could b7C be recovered. A temporary work area for the Computer Analysis Response Team (CART) agents will be created within IVINS' office. land SG~were advised that the list of individuals from whom the FB~ds to recover emails is not yet complete, and that ~ore names may follow. I IVINS advised that there is a laptop computer on his hand receipt, however he ,has never used it and cannot locate the computer. SG~ advised th~~t~~------~--~lwould be the point of contact (POC) on this matter i9L !absence. I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012898Anthrax Page 1278 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/30/2004 ~eld Fie~ A meeting with the Division of Information Management (DOIM) on this matter was scheduled for 09/22/2004 . oo 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012899Anthrax Page 1279 of 1446 o ~ ~ FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o Date of tr1111scription ~ 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 8 /S/2 0 0 4 b6 On April 2, 2004, and April 6, 2004, r----l provided following information regarding each sample li~s Ba Ames strain: REG# REG# REG# REG# REG# REG# BACILLUS BACILLUS BACILLUS BACILLUS BACILLUS BACILLUS ANTHRACIS ANTHRACIS ANTHRACIS ANTHRACIS ANTHRACIS ANTHRACIS AMES AMES AMES AMES AMES AMES DERIVATIVE DERIVATIVE DERIVATIVE DERIVATIVE DERIVATIVE DERIVATIVE b6 b2 F L__J--~~scribed the above listed samples Reg~ through Reg as Ba Ames derivatives more s ecifi~~ isolates from~--~~~~~------~~--~~~~~~------------------~ was not asked su m~t these samples to the FBIR. REG#r----lBACILLUS ANTHRACIS (AMES STRAIN), Investigator:! This~el !agreed to submit to the FBIR. ~------~ REG#II BACILLUS ANTHRACIS (Ames), Inve~tigator: IVINStJ I stat~at this sample belonged to B UCE IVINS and that would need to ask for the permission of IVINS to ubmit the samp e to the FBIR. I !provided the followin additional information that could not be seen on the original print out that was previously provided to Agents. was assigned facility registration number:! I (found in the ~ e maker pro database). The sample was listed as a liquid spore P.rr~e~p~,~~--------------------~~ The l~cation of the sample was listed as ~--~}in Building 1412. Reg#l lwas probably material that IVINS I I Investigation on File# by -~:..._..;_:... 04/06/2004 ____ at Ft. Detrick, Maryland (telephonically) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA J0/3 Date dictated ~-------~---- N /A I' This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012900Anthrax Page 1280 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 04/06/04 ,Page 279A-WF-222936 -2- Continuation ofFD-302 of L____________r-------------------'On sent t~ lfor an aerosol challenge. ......__ material was consumed. ___,~hought all of that I REGJ ~BACILLUS ANTHRACIS, AMES STRAIN, Investigator: Iv~ns~ lstated that there was not a sample associated with th~s ~----~ registration number. The regl Ire resented the Ba room registration for Building! I room~--~----~~--~----~~ (aerobiology rooms) . A Ba room registrat~on a exper~ments with Ba to be conducted in the registered room. On April 6, 2004, r----linformed sAl I thatr--lwas not able to locate sample de~ed as REG~ lh~ contacted IVINS on Apri, 2. 20p4, to get IVINS' permission to send the sample to the FBIR.! !knows that IVINS was at USAMRIID over the weekend searching for the sample in building I IVINS could not find the sample over the ' Som~t.im~ on Anril s 2004, or April 6, 2004, IVINS askedl I ..:J Two slants of REG#I lwere subsequently prepared on April6, 2004, and submitted to the FBIR on ~priJ 7 2004. (Writer knows sample to be FBIR I I and FBI~ I oQ2s1.wpd USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012901Anthrax Page 1281 of 1446 oI FD-30:2 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 04 I 06I 2 004 date address was interviewe a, ace o ~m o .~~~-u~""'w?""~"'s .. ..,.EJE4J:J~?1?.~~1 Researcb Ig.:_~t..._j,.._~~~J.-.:~k~~J?oo~eases (USAMRI I Dl..::II'!~~ ~~~$~40.,~qr~,. ~~~~~~~BO~~e: I After being advised of the jfentity of the agents and the purpose of the interview, ? _provided the following information: outlined I l 1 I provided a copy o f D curriculum vitae (cv\ whi r.h educational experience as follows: I I received a I I at USAMRIID? at USAMRIID s1nce has was with b7C Investigation on File by 03l3ll20r-0.;;..4.;;.___;a~t...,Fort \'0\\ 279A-WF-222936i SA_ #'~lrA-WF-222936-POI, Detrick, Maryland p02- \\'0\.p \~1.~ 279A-WF-USAMRIIo/ D"' dictared NIA I FBI. It This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012902Anthrax Page 1282 of 1446 _ FD-302n (Rev. 10-6-95) o _jl___________ J - - - - - - - - , On 03/31/2 0 0 4 , Page _...:2=--- 279A-WF-222936-U!:?AMRIID, 279A-WF-222936._1_ _ _. . . 1279A-WF-222936-POI . Continuation ofFD-302 of a ora ory wor . lhas never grown B.a., or any other organism, butc=J has worked w1th preparations of some organisms that have :een grown by b?c others.r--lhas never had any direct akfs to B.a. [ _ lhas never used mo~d G sporulation media, and was not aware o any areas of USAMRIID that had problems with bacter1a contamination. Most ofl ~search has been conducted inr 1 lin Buildingl landQad~ised thft BRUCE IVINS used Room ib9c for guinea pig anthrax stud1es. I_ _has not had any research space assigned tg.......________. . . . .-------;Roomsl I in Building I I were used bv I I lwho conducted anthrax researc~l ~~----~l~a~dvised thatl I I I I ~~-~~~has never seen anyone piggyback through hot suites at USAMRIID.I lhad no knowledge of anyone at USAMRIID having an interest in forensic countermeasures. I I never handled any of b7C the FBI's evidence from the 2001 anthrax ma1l1ngs at USAMRIID. Princeton.__~N~e-w~J~e-r~se I lctoes not have an association with Trenton or stamped envelopes at a postal USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012903Anthrax Page 1283 of 1446 o FD-302n (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 279A-WF-222936~.__ _ __.1279A-WF-222936-POI , On b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Continuation ofFD-302 of -...~~....-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 3/31/2 0 0 4 , Page _ _.:.._ _ b b USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012904Anthrax Page 1284 of 1446 o FD-302fl (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-WF-222936~~------~ 279A-WF-222936-POI Continuation ofFD-302 of ~L___________ J - - - - - - - - - , On 03/31/2 0 0 4 , Page---=--- b; IBui rlinrrl lnever sawl I and only sawl 11n Bu1lding sawl I exJ.t. v1a I l1n Buildinol ever saw I at USAMRIIDI never a11 owe a 1 I to piggyoacK 1n~o any areas ~ _1 ana aJ.C not see lremove any equipment from USAMRIID. l J has seen a hoto of hoods lay1ng around USAMRIID and has heard goss1p that~~------~Jhad taken one of the hoods. r b7 c I !overheard small bits ofl I conversations as b b I ll.r:::l <::: : :l c:: k-.::::.rl hu I I b6 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012905Anthrax Page 1285 of 1446 ~ FD-30:ht (Rev. 10-6-95) o :f o 0 3 I 31 /2 0 0 4 , Page _...::::5__ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 279A-WF-222936~.__ _ ___.I279A-WF-222936-POI Continuation ofFD-302 of - - 1 L - - - - - - - - - - - . J - - - _ . ; . _ - - - - , On no knowledge anv capnections thatL.I_...,...,.._.,......I.;~.~;mi;loiauv---, have had to New Jerse~ 4 nor of whatl~ Jemployment was afterl I ~l~e~f~t-=U~SA~rRIID. 1 lnever atten ed any presentations given by~--~ .________~and had no o her information aboutl I ~~~~~~had b7C I I I I lwas formerly! land took a i ol;:b:-:-w:-!i-:::t:;:h:-~_IC::::::~:~~:~~;:::~~~~~~~~~;::::~~~~::~"l--Til-=-:z:: P.~~sr"'!!~.t .~ ~v1'1~'""'T'"'~"n~ '1'" !'1 b6 ldid not know whether! lwas still atiL--------------~1 I and characterized! las a verv straioht uPl r I I lhad no knowledge of a pulmonary anthrax sample that may have been received at USAMRIID in the early 1990s from a patient in South Africa. I I I Iadvised tha~Uwould look _Lbroughl files for timeline 1nformat1on that would demonstrate! lwhereabou s during the fall of 2001, and advised thatl I "I b7C USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012906Anthrax Page 1286 of 1446 o 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, Continuation ofFD-302 of o 279A-WF-222936~~------~~279A-WF-222936-POI , Page __?__ ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __r--------- , On 0 3/31/2 0 0 4 ~--~------~~agreed to submit to a polygraph examination targeting any knowledge of the fall 2001 anthrax mailings. During late 2001, at the FBI's request,! I reviewed ! I b7C r--~~=-~--~------~~Spoke ~W~~~~~r~~~~filr------r~~a~LD~O~U~.?~~~~~~~~S~a~n~lQ~~~i.A~dr---~~0~--l)E I that ti;e FBI would send someone to ~nterview was never ~nterv~ewed about th~s matter. lfelt that the FBI would be negligent lwas not investigated 1 I ifl ~---~ Lc I D however 1 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012907Anthrax Page 1287 of 1446 ~ FD-302 (Rev. 10-o-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 12 / 0 8 /2 0 0 4 I home address lfiOme telephone nu~~e~r~------------------, date of1rtfil I social security number~--~--------, t:lephorically contacted by Supervisory Special Agent _ _and Special Agentl !regarding t ~o~~a~p~o~ ygraph. During the course of the speakerphone conversation,! IPr?vided the following information: ~ b6 I ~._ D b7C sides ators _ _ ___._-hat that there common for to lalso advised! lof a situation that had occu~r-r_e_d~a~f-.t-e~r another USAMRIID employere~h=a~d~b~e~e~n~=i=n~t~e~r~v~l~?e~w~e==d~b~v the FBI. On a later date, this emolovee had I I r-------~~~--------------------------------------------------~la~d~vlsed ~t~.h-,a~t~t~.h~e I ~thatl FBil~------------------------~~~1 1 suggested I but ...,u"='s,.AM.,.......,=R-=I"'=I"'=D~s-e_c_u~ri ty. that 1 ~--------~ 1teLL the employee to contact ~~------~~~----~--~--~~~~theorlze ]IVINS tha~ MIKESELL ?~d that MIKESELL could have been a contributor to the 2001 anthrax mailings, and thereafter drank himself to death. and MIKESELL! I at USAMRIID. although! . _ I mas amare ~fJ=be de:th o-F ~EJ.EJ~~~L, I I polygraph. Investigation on FinallyJ !expressed some concerns aboutO upcoming had read a National Academy of Sciences study that D __12/08/2004 _ ______ ____;:..____:_ IZOEknuJ Frederick, Maryland Date dictated I at (telephonically) N /A b6 File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\(:;)"2.\ S~ _sB I ~----------------~------~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012908Anthrax Page 1288 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-(1..95) o L _________j -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ positives ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 12/08/2004 ,Page --2- ~~~~~~~a~n~d~wondered and negatives were often the result of what advantage the polygraph would serve for toldl I that the polygrapherf? had conducted t::=Jan thi,s case and that there were no false positives. that the polygraphs are not admissible in court an are ~~a~s an investigative tool. offsite in Frederick, Maryland on~l--------------------------~~for a polygraph. I I agreed to appear at the FBI \ / USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012909Anthrax Page 1289 of 1446 of ... (Reioi-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 05/20/2004 Washington Field SA._I_ _ _ _ _ From: Washington Field ?AMX-3 ~----------------------------------~ Contact: IIC,_I---------....J SSA~~--------------~~ ___.I? Approved By: Drafted By: I ~===========-~ . _ !_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ . Case ID #: 279A-WF~222936-USAMRII~ (Pending)-\~~~ Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: To provide results of AMX-3 investigative project to determine potential windows of opportunity for access to postchallenge. Ames from the Aerobiology Division of USAMRII~. 'ngl key card access ~~~~~~~~~~----------------~~~1~n~g~p~o~s~t-challenge windows potentially pertinent ?OSt~----~k-e_y__ c_a_r~dr.-a-c_c_e_s~s recordsr and BuildingL after-hoursl lmain entrance key card access records f~o-r _____.... individnals acqessing those loca~ions immediately before and after! J ? Details: Data from aerosol challenges involving Bacillus anthracis (Ba) for the time period August 1998 to September 1999 Microsoft Excel s I was analyzed to determine potential windows of opportunity for removal of post-challenge Ames during a ten-day period following each aerosol challenge. It was estimated based on .spore . concentrations of material used that any aerosol challenge involving greater than or equal to three animals would constitute enough available Ba to have assembled the anthrax-laced letters. All Ames challenges in the time period for which key card access records are available involved at least three animals. b6 In an interview off lon September ~indicated that 1 following Ba challen es the agar ~stored in refr' rs in Buildin Room from Building c==::J~~~t:==~~~====~ (Special Agent (SA) believes b2 F 1...-------------------~ b6 b7C USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012910Anthrax Page 1290 of 1446 ,, Washington ~ld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936, 05/20/2004 FiJit aerosol challenges. ex ~~~would ~~....--~~~~ las it was a be eas enges. I up procedure. lthe aeroso in b7C v1ns prepare Building 1425. He would then bring the Ba to Building 1412, Room ~--~land transfer the samples to SO milliliter conical tubes. The samples were then sent straight to the hood line in Room lfor the aerosol challenge. After the aerosol challenges, the samples from the challenges went back to Ivins! I o be diluted and streaked onto agar plates. which were an incubator overnight in Rooml !advised would nqt have noticed a missing sample, but perhaRrS~------~ Ivins would have. Any remai~in labeled samples were keptl lrefrjqerat:~ ~oq~ Other remainin tubes a~n-a~----~ ~p'""'~'l~a'"'~"t~e~s~w~ere[ _ _ J1nc n, leftover Ames was s orer=~1~n~t~h~e~------------------------~~~~ These tubes and plates Once. the growth on .the plates in~-:-t~h-e---,1r-n-c-u-:;br-a-t~o-r--:-h-a....,d!l'""-::'b_e_e_n c_o_u_n-:"t_e_d~, the ___ plates were placed in a 9arbage bag under one of the hoods to be autoclaved. ?1 !advised that the bags ~------------~1 ~--------~ ~------------------------~ F i: I I b2 F ~~~------------~~------------------ola~d=v~1~?s~e~d thatl lmost likely was aware ofl___ lwas cleared to go into the hot suite,L__jcould probably go anywherec==Jwanted. 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012911Anthrax Page 1291 of 1446 Washington ~ld From: Washington Fie41t 279A-WF-222936, 05/20/2004 ~--~-o-n_e c_o~uld then enter Roo, __ lalso mentioned that if one could gain access to Room I Duringl !employment at USAMRIID, there were ~10-dav windows of opportunity followinq aerosol challenqes, ~i~ During tl:ie .Lu-aav WJ.naows IO.L.lOWJ.nq eacn cna.1.1enqe J.n tnJ.s tJ.me period, there I I entered the hot suites. 1 l(see enclosure), I 1aeroso1 challenges. I b6 b7F I In.t-erpr;ta~J.on of the lack of addJ.tJ.onal key card access records fm{ }during these windows of opportunity must consider the use o 11 pJ.ggybackJ.ng 11 o into the hot suites, which is known?to have occurred routinely at USAMRIID. 11 Piggybacking 11 allows entry of.more than _one person. into an area whi~e ?only one individual's identifier is recorded. ~a~c~c~e~s~s~i~n~t~o the hot side of Buildin~ ~~~------~~lfor the post-challenge windows of opportunity. Key card access records were also searched for any land ter the hot suites in Building entered the hot suites in Buil J.n durin . ~t~h~e~s~e~t~J.~mes. lctJ.d A record of main entrance key card access records was compiled, and individuals who entered or exited .these locations shortly before or after I I were noted. The .elapsed time between I Irecorded entrJ.es or activity and other individuals' records ranges from 0 minutes to 81 minutes. . It is important to note that key?card records of access within USAMRIID were only available beginning August 1, 1998. This analysis does not include activity prior to that date . b 7c oo 3 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012912Anthrax Page 1292 of 1446 ---~----------------------------------------~--~--~--~ Ikev card access into Bldo. 1412 hot suites durinq "windows of oooortunitv" after aerosol challenqes 8:38 Normal 8:44 Out -?-a:~~ ii1~ 1--- ~eypad r-'-'-- . . ,. . ~eypad ~-~"''W'~'M:'i'IW""~""f.... 8:55 Normal 8:561n 8:58 Normal . ? 10:-39 ?out ?. ~. ?. 10:42 ?Out ?.:? ~eypad ',7~', ' ,, " ' ' i~? " -<<-<I.,.Yil I '11!/~~~~'"'W"W"~' ', iaccess records immediately before and after! individuals in the hot suites at the same time a~ l 14:40 Out 8:271n 8:30 Out 8:30 In 8:33 Normal 11:48 Out 12:52 In 12:56 Normal 15:28 Out. lhad no key card access records for this time frame at all. I I kev card access records into the hot suites 10:05 In I--eypad 10:07 Normal !-'-'--10:54 Out 8:04 In 1--8:05 Out 1--8:05 In eypad 8:08 Normal 15:10 Out 1--8:28 In 1--eypad 8:32 Normal !-'-'--14:01 Out 1--8:251n eypad 8:28 Normal 13:40 Out 1--11:53 In 1--eypad 11:55 Normal ~ - ~ o - --"-'-- ~ USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012913Anthrax - Page 1293 of 1446 --------?--------------------------- b6 Ipotentially pertinent after-hours access records (subseauent to aerosol challenaes) IStart of Challenge End of Challenge Date of Access Time of Access Location Accessed 10/11/1998 30-Sep 22:20-22:41 17:22~ 18:34 21:41-22:16 05:38-05:46 16:38-18:13 20:05-20:40 none none 00:13-01:05 00:06-00:48 18:03~ 19:00 22:56-01:21 21:00 06:43-08:03 20:31-21:49 8:36-8:44 ~one r--r--r--r--r--r--1---- I lsus~ icious access records (subsequent to aerosol challenaes) Date Time 20:39?22:50 20:28 Location Bldg.1412 dock entries {before 9am/after 5~m} 98-10 om Date Time was first record after 5om) 17:22 17:26 17:48 18:33 I(No one accessed tnis locatiOn agam until10/2/98) ElaQsed Time 4minutes 45 minutes ' 98-10 pm Date Time 18:11 18:11 Elapsed Time Omin. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012914Anthrax ....-----------------~-------------------------- Page 1294 of 1446 18:13 18:13 99-06 pm Date Time 22:56 23:08 23:15 Time 6:38 ~:43 Omin. Elapsed Time 14min. 7min. Elapsed Time 5min. 27min. 99-06 a.m. Date , 7:10 Bldg. 1412 Main Entrance (before 9am/after 5Qm} Date 98-09 p.m. Time Elapsed Time 99?06 a.m. 22:06 22:23 17 min. 22:39 22:53 14 min. 99?06 p.m. Date Elapsed Time 98-10 p.m.: Time 21:17 21:41 24min. 22:07 26min. ' Date Time Elapsed Time 0:03 0:48 45min. 2:03 15 min. Time 18:01 18:03 18:07 18:09 22:02 22:56 22:59 23:11 Time 20:06 20:28 20:31 21:07 Elapsed Time 2min. 4min. 6min. 54 min. 12 min. Elapsed Time 25min. 3min. 36 min. Date 5:34 5:38 5:46 6:09 20:01 20:05 20:40 22:01 Time 0:02 0:13 4min. 23 min. 99-08 p.m. 4min. 81 min. Elapsed Time 11 min. Date ' Date USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012915Anthrax Page 1295 of 1446 ,.... I I !:~ 1:::::: I I II I 1: b?C I . ' USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012916Anthrax Page 1296 of 1446 FD-302 ~ev. 10-6-95) -IFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 0 6 / 14 / 2 0 0 4 fromiC:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~~JI~~ed:Ir?~~JM~r~~r~?~\".Il~~?~n.~~ rw~io...~'t....,h"-1,.___-,.__,..~-~r--~~----------'"l":"-::--:-;--;--:::-:;~---,r---~1 ~---------~~a~l~lso~w~o~r~k?e~d~a~t~l------------------~lat that timre~.~~-.~~~~1 ~----------------------------------------~~~lat USAMRIID. I I rrent I r~ r 1r"" ?; r h I Iearned al I degree in b 7C: I I . ; '"' I I I anthracis (B.a.).l I !usually works with attenuated strains of Bacillus I I r-- b6 b2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-------------------------------~lh~a~s~never maae any ~.a. spore preparatlon; I ~------------------~ I F ....__________-;:1:::_____. .,1 did not know where g o t r l original sample of B.a. Ames from, but advised that it was more li~from BRUCE IVINS rather thanl I advised that paperwork is now necessary to transfer a select agent internally at USAMRIID. has never used modified G sporulation media. I I b/c I I L...---------1 I Piggybacking into hot suites does not take place. When was a new employee,D forgot c:::J personal identification Investigation on 06/10/2004 at Fort Detrick, Maryland 1,01'5 ;~"Z" File# 2 7 9A-WF-22 2 93 6- POI; 2 7 9A-WF- 22 2 93 6-USAMRiolitkil\d'ictated N/A by ~~ I It This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012917Anthrax Page 1297 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-POI, 279A-BA-C101392 Continuation ofFD-302 of _JL______________________j -________ ,on 06/10/2004 , Page _ _:2;;:,___ number (PIN) and toler-! thatllhad to obtain it from Security and would not allo~to pi~ck into the suite. 1 lhas seen shoebox sized plastic storage containers in the ho~tes, but has never seen any such containers in a larger size. L___Jhad no knowledge of any areas of U~ID that had problems with bacterial contamination and advised thatL__Jhas not spent any time in Virology Division laboratory space. I I b7C N e i t h e r ! ! nor any o f D associates have any personal or professional asso~with Trenton or Princeton, New Jersey (NJ) or any other area of NJ. ~ ldid not travel to New Jersey during September or October 2 01.1 jhas never purchased any pre-stamped b7c envelopes, and Dr"~ D~ll:~? ll~~~ a DC~Ul ll:eD~i Da mac~i pe to pprch,se any such envelopes._ ~ _ labor a tor b7C I :: .----.__-...,___J!does not knowl andllhas never seen or lba never had any 1nvolvement w1th I and has never hosted any foreign visiting b6 1ent1sts. tl I I ?hell Everyone in the Bacteriology Division has expertise in spore production, and some people in the division have expertise in lyophilization. lhas never seen anyone lyophilize material. I I lwas not aware of anyone who said they might make a select ag._e_n__,..t__,f,...o_r_. use in an improper fashion. I I did not know of anyone with access to dangerous biological ag~who expressed hostile attitudes toward any political organization, the media, or others. ldid not suspect anyone of possibly being associated with the anthrax mailings of 2001. lhas not worked with anyone who was lax in handling dangerous 1tems or interested in agents that could ~e turned into harmful agents. ~n?ividuals cannot access suites until the~ complete the necessary tra1n1ng. I _ I advised thatL For I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012918Anthrax Page 1298 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o .,, 3f::, 279A-WF-222936-POI, 279A-BA-Cl01392 06/10/2004 Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - ,On ,Page ....:.L on one occasion ~~~~~~w~~o~w~a~s~r~u~m~o~r~e~~~~e~1Tn~t~e7.r~e~s~t~e~d~1~n gaining access to anthrax did not know of anyone at without a specific need or responsibility to do so. I did not know of any work being done with B.a. that was unofficial or unrecorded. On at work at not recall 1 b6 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012919Anthrax Page 1299 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o D 12/01/2004 Precedence: To: From: ROUTiiE Attn: Date: Washington Field Washington Field AMX 3 IIC~~--------------------~ ...-------------------., Contact: Approved By: Drafted By: SA I : = = I ========:::::::=______, Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIInv/ (Pending),\uo~ Title: AMERITHRAX; MC-184 Synopsis: To document the results and completion of the anthrax letter handling project to track each of the letters from the time of collection. Enclosure(s): One sp~e::::::: e:~he the four letters prepared by Special Agent (SA) -~ and SAl .....,..&-L.III.---1 reflecting i n f o r m a t i o e n n 1 t e d States Army Med1cal Research Institute of Ipfectjqps Qis;ases (USAMRIID) case file and the recollection of S~ _who was present for much of the ~--~ early activity with the letters. A floppy disk with an electronic copy of these four spreadsheets is contained in an FD-340 in the 1A section of the file. :9: :f I I Details: The case files maintained at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMR~ID~ for each of the four anthrax letters were photocopied in their entirety, and a review of all relevant documents in Automated Case Support (ACS) was conducted in order to establish a timeline of the handling of the letters at USAMRIID. Numerous additional USAMRIID personnel who had contact with the letters were interviewed to document their work with the letters and to clarify any conflicting information. Some law enforcement personnel who were present for key events with the letters were also consulted. The following representation is complete with respect to all information available and addresses the handling of the letters and envelopes only. The handling of the powdered material contained in each letter was,not tracked as part of this project. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012920Anthrax Page 1300 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 12/01/2004 F~d Fiel~ DASCHLE LETTER: 10/15/2001 The letter was opened by Daschle employee._!_________. The first overpacking was done at the Senate Hart Office Building (SHOB) by the Hazardous Devices Unit of the United States Capitol Police (USCP). The personnel present were Officer~ I I and there may have been two other offic._e_r_s---~ present. Several letters were overpacked together, as the source of the powder was initially unknown. FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) and Hazardous Materials Response Team (HMRT) personnel responded to the SHOB, and a second overpackin personnel present included SA I I SA SA SA b-=----.--....,.,..,~----1 !nvest1~at1ve Spec1a 1s FBI JTTF member USCP Officert I The overpack was rele~sed i:o FBI JTT.F member Metropolitan Police D~partment (MPD) Officer[ lfor transport to USAMRIID. ? b7C ~--~ lay .__~i-n~R~o~omt I 2?Q1prn. !released the overpack at USAMRIID and the samples were in-processed and photographed tol I I I !transported the letters intol IRoom photography and removal of material for analys1s. FBI Microbiologist~ lalso photographed the letter through the window in Room. I 10/16/2001 ltrapsported the letters to gather powder tor aaa1t1onal analyses. 10/18/2001 I Ifor I suiteot~. b2 b7F gave a ziploc bag containing the Dasch1e letter envelope to Bruce Ivins, who took the zi loc into Suite B3, Room to perform a concentration count. returned the z1p oc bag containing the letter and envelope to ....__ I I b:J __ ~ The letter and envelope were irradiated by._l_______~ in Rooml I The overpack was provided t~ U:i:e~ ~t~tes Postal Inspechon Serll:i ~::e !IlSEISl qhotographers byl ~ - l.aod EB~ Microbiologist! J and was photograp e ln._ _______.! 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012921Anthrax Page 1301 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 12/01/2004 F~d Fiel~ 10/26/2001 12/05/2001 ~~~--~------------~!photographed the letter and envelope through a ziploc bag. 12/09/2001 The letter and envelope were heat sealed in a clea~r--------~ plastic bag, and released at 6:30am byl Ito SA~~--------~ along with the Brokaw, Post, and Leahy le~ters. The transfer was witnessed by Captain! J ~--~~----------~ FBI Special Projects Unit personnel~--~----~--~~--~ SAl ltransported the letters to FBI Headquarters and released them at 8:0~am to 'ssAI Trace Evidence Unit. BROKAW LETTER: 10/12/2001 The letter was picked up from the National Broadcasting Company (NBC mail room in New York (NY) at 1:05pm and released at 5:30pm t6~~~~~--~~a~t~t~h~e~N~e~w~Y~ork City Department of Health (NYCDOH) Lab by SA and JTTF members New York Police Department (NYPD) Detective and NYPD Sergean~ I I The letter was removed from the NYCDOH lab by~~------------~ lof the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and ~~t~r~o~w~n~to the CDC facility in Atlanta, Georgia (GA) . 3 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012922Anthrax Page 1302 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 12/01/2004 F~d Fiel~ 10/14/2001 At 11:35am the letter was picked up from~~------------------~ at the CDC in Atlanta, GA by SA~~------~----~~Iand JTTF member Detective! I The letter was transferred at 1:00pm to FBI Hazardous Material Specialist! lwho transported it to USAMRIID where it was held in storage 1n Roo~ I 10/24/2001 Analysis of powder material began at USAMRIID. 10/25/2001 in Roo~ 10/26/2001 Sfent was extracted from the letter and envelope by PST _in Roomr----lBuilding 1412; photography and preliminary ~q-u-e-s~t-1_o_n_e_d~aocument~sis were done by FBI personnel in Building 1412, Rooml and preliminary DNA, fingerprint, and in~k~--~ examinations were performed by FBI personnel in Buildin Room I IThe people present for this event were Ca tain USAMRIID, and FBI personnel b2 F Irradifti~n of the letter and envelope was done by~~----~ I ~------------~1 12/09/2001 ~--------------------------------~ The letter and envelope were heat sealed in plastic bag, and released at 6:30am byl Ito SA~----------~ with the Daschle, Post, and Leahy letters. The transfer was witnessed by ~==~----~ SAl ltransported the letters to FBI Headquarters and released them at 8:0~am to SS~ ~race Evidence Unit. NEW YORK POST LETTER: 10/19/2001 New York Post Building and handed 1t to SA _ . The letter was removed from the envelope and repackage 1n aou Ie sealed bags. The anthrax powder was removed and placed inl I At 11:45pm, SAl lpicr:d y~ tb: ~etter at the b7C F I 4 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012923Anthrax Page 1303 of 1446 To: Re: F rom: W h' W h J.ng t on ~ as . as J.ng t on 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 12/01/2004 F~d FJ.'el~d 10/20/2001 10/23/2001 were irradiated in I arrived at .,...:.:;.;;:;.;;:;;.:.:;...,~~....-~~ and handed was double-bagged. ......., ...,............ immediately wa e J. to without making any stops . took the letter out and e i r r a d i a o complete ' it back t without makJ.ng an~ stops. Once inl handed the letter ac o either I I and did not have any further contact with the letter agaJ.n. T e bags in which the letter was kept were never opened at any time while under! ~ontrol. __ lr------.1 by Both ....---___;;; Post A sterility check on both the letter and envelope was performed after irradiation exposure. 10/26/2001 Sfent wasocted from the letter and envelope by PST in Room Building! !photography and preliminary ~q-u_e_s~t~J.~o-n_e_d_.....document ysis were done by FBI personnel in Building I I Roo~ and preliminary DNA, fingerprint, and i~n~k--~ examinations were performed by FBI personnel in Buil 'n I I The people present fo~r~t~h~J.~?~s-?e~v~e~n~t~w~e~r~ea__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~~-~ ? USAMRIID, and FBI personnel~--------------------------------------~ I b7F I I Date Unknown ~-----T~fe New York Post letter and envelope were stored in Room b7F 12/09/2001 The letter and envelope were heat sealed in a clear plastic bag, and released at 6:30am byl Ito SAl !along with the Daschle, Brokaw, and Leahy letters. The transfer was witnessed by Captain! I S~ ]transported the letters to FBI Headquarters and released them at 8:0~am to SSA~I_ __.I Trace Evidence Unit. 5 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012924Anthrax Page 1304 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 12/01/2004 F~ld Fiel~ LEAHY LETTER: 11/16/2001 or 11/17/2001 (conflicting information) At 4:40pm, sAl found the Leahy letter in Drum #33 at the Government Services Administration (GSA) Warehouse in Springfield, Virginia. ?After it was sealed in a plastic bag and photographed, the letter was placed in a metal container which was then placed inside a large plastic container and sealed o ltrrnsnorted fhe container with the . sAl Leahy letter to USAMRIID, w h e r e r e c e i v r d it at 8:37pm. !walked the container to Room_ bnd ~p~t~io~t~o~g~t~a~p~rt~s~w~e~r~e~t~a~Ren. The container was stored unopened in the top right shelf of the refrigerator inl b7C F I I 12/05/2001 b6 b7F 12/06/2001 !took the Leahy 1~~~ Ito Roo~for a sterility check. letter and envelope and then plated out the swabs. the letter and envelope back to the secure drawer 5:10 am. fro~ b7C F ~--~A~t~1~:45 am,l ____ 6 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012925Anthrax Page 1305 of 1446 .. To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 12/01/2004 F~d Fiel~ Date Unknown ~--~~for storage. 12/09/2001 The Leahy letter and envelope were moved from I ~------~ Ito F The letter and envelope were heat sealed in a clear plastic bag, and released at 6:30am byl I to S~ !along with the Daschle, Poft. and Brqkaw letters. The transfer was witnessed by Captain 1 ~------~ SAl !transported the letters to FBI Headquarters and released them at 8:05am to ss~ Trace Evidence Unit. I At 11:00 am, FBI employee I I (now a Special Agent) extracted scent from the Leahy letter and envelope at FBI Headquarters. All four letters and epyelqpes were received from the FBI Laboratory on 01/16/2003 by sAl ! and SAl and have been stored in a locked safe since their r~e-c_e_l~?p~t~.~T~h~e--s_a_f~e--~ is currently located at the Northern Virginia Resident Agency (NVRA) in the Amerithrax squad area in the office of SA! land SAl I oo 7 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012926Anthrax Page 1306 of 1446 ,, FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ll/04/2004 ~--------------------~was by Postal Inspectors advised of-the ide~n-t~1~1-e-s~o~~~e------------~ 1nterv1ew1ng agents and the purpose of the interview. then provided the following information: ~_...._...._...._....~ I Social Se ur1ty wor aduated with a States Army Med1ca ~esearc Diseases(USAMRIID). At 1.'-:AIVIh'"T:ID Inst1tute o \ I I started as I 1 I worKea on 1 I b6 Investigation on --~--~------ ll/03/04 at L__...._...._...._...._...._...._...._...._...._...._...._...._...._....r---------------- b7C File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID PI PI -'0 Date dictated This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your age it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012927Anthrax Page 1307 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-304 of Bio-safety lev~e~l?s~--~ including level 3 ilding D worke or both. . .---=r=-n___. Building had access to Bacillus ant racis(Ba) see stoc s. sa1 e seed stocks were kept under lock and key in low temperature freezers in Biosafety level 3 'oratories. ~named roorrr---las a specific location where obtained Ba. a so had acces~the walk in cooler in Room said took whatc==Jneeded. I I stated that everyone with Bio-safe y evel 3 access also had access to the walk in coolers. stated believed there was~------~ another walk in c bu ever accessed it~ ex lained that ....______~ reca worked Stern. I I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012928Anthrax Page 1308 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o IBRUCE o t - - - - - ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 11/03/04 worked with , Page _ __:;3;;...__ Ba. I neyer r=J 7 bE: ~---------~wh~~P~?n~~~sked about Anthrax weaponization, I lstated lwas the recoonized exoert ~~----~~------~~~~ ~--------------------------------------~----~----~------~~I named ~--~~~--~--------~--~--~------~--~las others who may have I knowledge of weaponization, but perhaps no actual experience. lstated there was a difference between people with knowledge of weaponization, and those with actual experience. lsaid th~heoretically,c==]knows something about weapon~zat~on thoughl__jhas no experience in it.l lsaid Ba seed stock of sufficient lethality could be grown in quantity with a growth media such as shee o s blood agar or b~--.....__....,._ _........,....:..u.......,._, be :urified then mixed with I _ lin ~d=r~~=?e=d~w~~=?t=h~---------------===~==~==~ dr~e Ba. I , b 7F with dried Ba. Spray Dryer at~----~ a mixin a ent e presen a. lstatedc==]had no knowledge of any specific contamination at USAMRIID, including the b7C incidents~o~f~b~a~c~t~e~rial Virology Suites. With reference to piggy-backing,! !believes the employees at USAMRIID are cognizant of the ~mportance of 'rv and do not enqaqe in piqqy-backinq into Hot Suites. Whenl -I When asked if anyone could have removed a dangerous organism from USAMRIID,I !stated it could have been done by transferring it through an Ultra-violet Cabinet, from the hot side to the cold side. I lknew of one incident where an organism was taken out of USAMRIID. In 1999, an employee~~--------------------~ USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012929Anthrax Page 1309 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) o o rem9ved a Rio-safety b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~l-e_v_e-:;ol--=2~o-r_g_a_n_~,...,s-m--::f_r_o_m--=u~s=-=AM:"'!"'!'!R::-:I=-:I==D=--a-n--=-d--:-t-o-o~k----:i~t ~----~--~loffsite toT I where there was no equipment to incinerate or materials.! lwas not sur~ who remo~;d the onl recollect~on was an employeef :named had knowledge of the ~ncident, ~~--~~~~~~--~------~w-a_s t~-e--e-m~ployee who took the organism. __ w ~c organism was taken, but said it was e~ er coli or some e uivalent or anism that while not lethal, use sickness. aware of this incident and said , it. was not sure of t..._e_o_u_to:--c-o_m_e_o..,..... Q I I When remembers saw never saw~----~~ access any dangerous ...__.,.....__........___..______,worked. L~--------~===.::=....:.::.=.=.:...~...--------------...~..:.:.:=..., ormat~on about1 ~----------------------------------------~ When questioned whetherc=Jmade any visits or had contacts in New Jersey has never been to New J~e-r_s_e_y-.--------------------------------------~ ,I I lwas shown~hotocopy of a 34-cent Federal Eagle Stamped Envelope.! lstatedL__Jhas never purchased or used any, and neyer saw t~em ~ed at ~SAMRIID. With reference to Sterilite boxes,L Jsaidl jseen small ones used at USAMRIID, but ?no large ones. When askedu---~~?led any 2001 Anthrax letters said no. b/c b6 r-------~never ?~ USAMRIID. team (AIT) , hosted any Foreign Visiti~g Scientists at not a member of the Aero-medical isolation At USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012930Anthrax Page 1310 of 1446 , FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ~ o o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~--------------------------_J-----oOn 11/03/04 --5-. I I was askedEehad any involvement in the preparation or the mailing o eptember and October 2001 Anthrax letters. I I said had no involvement. When asked to take a voluntary polygraph exam~nation relative to the preparation and the mailing of the Anthrax letters,! lagreed to do so. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012931Anthrax Page 1311 of 1446 rt ' FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) I' :!' /, o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 11 I 12 I 2 0 b 4 side the not b6 Investigation on File# 1110412004 at Date dictated by 2 7 9A-WF-222 93 6-USAMRI ID ...... SSA SSA ~----------------------~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of th.e FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 20.pdf , 8 o;t; 012932Anthrax Page 1312 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 11 I 0 4 /2 0 0 0 4 , Page--=--b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - L __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - , On .___ _____,~I advised had an unusual disposition regarding~t~h~e~Am~e~rit rax ase. While considering I I a good friend,l lfelt statements about the case generated suspicion. I lwas a amant about stating thatr----1 was not involved in the case and routinely speculated about~ that someone ma have b7C is now I not familiar Iv~ns. lcould provide no recollection as to whyl ever signed ~ntol lof USAMRIID.IIhad no.....__......~ knowledge of USAMRIID rece~v~ng classified sa~ ofl I I Jreceiving samples or of a pulmonary anthrax sam~TI~e~f~r~om South Africa. I lalso had no knowledge o'~--~--~ receivin laborator e ui ment from Aberdeen. I ldid not have any contacts in the Northeast United States to include New Jerse on or around the time of anthrax-laced letter mailin s. b6 AMRIID. While USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012933Anthrax Page 1313 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C: 27?9A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - , On 11/0 4/2 0 0 0,4 , Page _..;::;3__ Continuation ofFD-302 of The period of September and October of 20011 r I I b6 I I met I I in USAMRIID USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012934Anthrax Page 1314 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 11/0 4/20004 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID _...:::6__ Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - , On thatl~--~lwould In previous interviews,! !commented have mailed the anthrax-laced letters in 2001 to make a po1nt. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012935Anthrax Page 1315 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __J-_ _ _ o ,On 279A-WF-222936-UpAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 11/04/20004 ,Page_..:...7__ I ldoes not know what other USAMRIID employees used suitec=Jat the time I I showedrl the suite. 1~~~~~lconducted some research wnlch inv~dl ldoes not really know the "ins and outs" of Building !:-1-:-4-::-1~2-o-=f~USAMRIID .1 !impression was that there were areas of the building which were not used on a regular basis and which could have been used without drawin attention. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012936Anthrax Page 1316 of 1446 < FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _...;:::8~- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -l---------------J---- ,On 11/0 4/2 0 0 0 4 ...._____ _ ______.r lalso worked in the clinical laboratorvl !conducted I ~-------~lnever saw1 I _ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ____ ___ ._ I I I b6 ~ Q lagreed to take a polygraph relating tol ntial in the mailings of anthrax-laced letters from 2~0~0~1~.~ also agreed to send agents original cancelled checks and ? records! lhad located to help establish whereabouts and activities around the time of the mailings. was very cooperative and agreed to help in any way could. I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012937Anthrax Page 1317 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 12/02/2004 r----------------~~-------------------------------------------------------~~D~O~B~I.........................-LI~was After Dwas interviewed I I ~a~d~v~l~s~e~d~o~~~t~h~e~n~a~t~u~r~e~o~f~t~h~e~l~n~~e~r~v~l~e~w~,~------~~p~r~o~~vided the at b7C following information. n1ques s1nce .__ _. ~~~?------~believes all strains are fully As a ed to work on any particular characterized. would have strain, acquired the strain from another department w 1c Bruce Ivins. !does not recall a person named~----------------~ _ b6 lknows no one who had expertise In wealanization techniques, spore production, or lyophilizing. can only assume that personnel in Bruce Ivins' department may ave been more familiar with these methods. recalls reading about a possible hacterjrl contaminat1on at the USAMRIID in the newspapers -I _believes the newspaper may have been USA News. I I b7C I I Investigation on File# ----~~-------- 12/01/2004 at ~--------------------------~--------------------- 004 Date dictated 279A-WF-2.22936 o 'cyf$ \USA-IliA-) I D I f) !Jif byL__ _ __ _ _ j - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012938Anthrax Page 1318 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6?95) o o 2 ,Page _ _ __ b7C 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of -===============~--------------___ ,On 12/01/2004 D lnever used Facility No. 1412 at anr tjmei therfore, had no occasion to use the walk-in cooler, Room_ ldid not know what may have been inside the cooler. While employed at USAMRIID,I lhad heard rumors that only a select few people in the entire institution had access to the cooler and that there was a camera installed near the cooler to monitor all activities. There was much "piggy-backing" going on in entering and exiting the facility. When an employee opened the door, others entered the facility without entering their individually assigned personal codes. I lwas unaware of any visiting scientists being taken into the hot areas by USAMRIID researchers; however, employees used the piggy-backing method to enter and exit the 11 hot 11 areas. !understood hot areas to be any area which was activeiy be1ng utilized for research purposes and not areas which were already decontaminated and 11 dark. 11 b7C b7C I When asked how someone might covertly remove select agents from the facility,! !replied there were several ways. The first was to use the "ctunk-tank, 11 which was filled with bleached water. An employee could properly seal up an item and dunk the item into the water for decontamination. The same employee can then exit the facility and retrieve the item from the other side of the tank, especially during after-hours when no others were present. The second method was to use the "pass box, 11 a compartment built into the wall with UV lights. An employee can easily turn off the UV lights by turning off a switch from the inner walls of the facility. An employee can pass an item through the box from the inner walls and retrieve the item from the outer walls. The third method was for an employee to simply take a vial or a small container and hold it his or her hands while taking a shower. If there were no others in the facility, this method can be used easily. The last method was to simply walk out of the USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012939Anthrax Page 1319 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o 3 ,Page _ _ __ 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of --~=================d___________________________ ,On 12/01/2004 facility. I lagreed that employees were rarely challenged. The only time someone was challenged was if people with no reason or access wandered around. Many employees probably disregarded some of the safety procedures in place at the facility. lwas unaware of anyone who may have taken any select agents for use for improper fashion. I Jknew of no one with the access and the ability to create o~ nanar dangerous biological agents who expressed hostile attitude toward any political organization, the media, or others. lcould think of no one who would possibly mail anthrax letters. lcould think of no one who was lax in handling dangerous J.tems. r----lwas unaware of anyone in the USAMRIID who was rumored t~nterested in gaining access or the means to produce them without a specific need or responsibility to do so. Jhas no idea ho~ someone would prepare dried BA and send it Eroughhe mail without placing himself/herself through grave danger. Unless someone is an expert in growing, separating, and properly handling the BA,I I could not imagine someone risking his/her life to mail such dangerous material. lknows of no one who may have been interested in being able to get around forensic techniques. I I b7C I I ld.J.d. not trave.L to 1did n/"\+- .,..."",...."" 1 1 or October 2001 tJ.meframe. I lmav have been in Seotember; however, I I NJ C!T"'IQ,....; J.n :::;epcemoer r; ro.::~l 1 v _,_ I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012940Anthrax Page 1320 of 1446 u' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --~=============d_________________ o ,On 279A-WF-222936 Continuation ofFD-302 of 12/01/2004 4 ,Page _ _ __ I Idees not recall any smell of bacterial decontamination agents in~~------------------------~1 sterilite~ I I did not use any plastic storage containers, such as for storage of materials at USAMRIID. r lwas not aware of any work being conducted with BA or its simulants which was unofficial or not recorded. All otl maintaine_d __ ~----~~never I to purchase l_?n~I==~----------~Joffice,~~--------------------------------~ used a pre stamped envelope (as supplied by lnever used any of the vending machines at USAMRIID envelopes. lwo:k was recorded in a notebook which was FBI-WFO) to mail anything. pre-s~amped letters o~opes. ~never personally handled any of the anthrax-laced I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012941Anthrax Page 1321 of 1446 ..., FD-30~ (~v .o I0-6-95) ~? . oo - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 12/10/2004 I soc~a secur work address I w?bo~r~~e~~e=p~o~n~e~n~u~~e~r~---------------,~~~~~~~~~ at the Federal Bureau of Investigat~onos Frederick, Maryland. The purpose of the information from previous interviews and to obtain new information. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview,! !provided the following information:. b6 I clarified previous employment by advising ~------~1 advised thatr--lhad never visit~e.Swedish Institute for Infectious Disea~ontrol, nor had~ver attended . . t h e Chemical and B~o 1 oq~ca 1 De f ense Conference in Stockholm Sweden.? I I b6 I I 1 Ia l~m~ted. was Jledaed that r was well acquainted r However ,1 Inever visited lcontact es~des. I r wlr'e"re to meet~ngs .. _, l w~t lwas familiar with the namel but had never met this individual. ~--------------------~ I I I advised thatl I b6 -----------~---------------------------------------------------------------4~------------------~r Investigation on File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SSAI I -\~~\p Date dictated SAl ~~---------------- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012942Anthrax Page 1322 of 1446 It' ?FD-302a (Rev~ 10-6-95) o L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 12/10/2004 Inf~~rinn~ ,Page --=2=--- United States Army Medical? Research Institute for Diseases (USAMRIID) I I b7C Referencing statements inLr----~-:=:---:-::----:-..J discussion with the interviewing agentsl jfurther stated thatl IBRUCE IVINS, a USAMRIID researcher, nad discussed the possible identity of the mailer of the 20D1 anthrax-laced letters. IVINS wondered how someone could live with himself or hers~lf after this act. That statement prompted! Ito recall QLIVE&.PERRY ~aELL, who had died of alcoholism after the mailings. MOreover, MIKESELL had worked with a powdered agent at Battelle. I ldid . not recall M!KESET,T,I s state of mj nd JJDQP J ~avi na ITSAr:RIID 'a..'-----....1 D I J. I !advised that i~ing plasmids into DNA to cause virulence was not too difficult. L__jbelieved any Principal Investigator in USAMRIID's Bacteriology section could accomplish this. However, it was more likely that someone would take material in which the correct plasmids already existed instead of taking material which required extra work. did not think the powdered material inside small glass tubes labeled as Ba from South Africa,?found during a July 2004 inventory at USAMRIID by the FBI, had been produced at USAMRIID. I _ lhad never lyophilized Bac~llus anthrac~s (Ba) . I lwas not sure who else mav have used a lvoohilizer at USAMRIID., b7C I I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012943Anthrax Page 1323 of 1446 "FD~302a (Rev .o I0-6-95) . , o ~.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____.t-1-?- - - - - , On 12 I 10 I 2 0 04 , Page -3b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of !there were several old Ba samples.__w'""h-J. c-h....-,...h-a-ct~"'"'"'~'b-e-e-n-p--r-o-ctr-u-c-e-ct~br-y-.,."-o.... .... I-ar-_-ft imers" who no longer worked at USAMRIID and therefore could not provide any further information on them. I land others tried to identify these samples through various forms of?literature. r--lwas not aware of any strain typing of this powdered material, ~9ugh back then the sequencing technology that allows researchers to discern these differences was not available. ~~~~-~lnever sent a hoax letter to anyone in an attempt to raise biodefense program funding awareness, nor didc:Jknow anyone who did. 1 stated that this would be a crime. I SinceO last interv~ Jhas not recalled any potential pertinent informatiorL_Jias Iiotlready provJ.ded to investigators. l lprQbusi~ess card to each of. the interviewJ.ng agents. also allowed tklterviewing agents to make copy of a type two-sJ.ded sheet from wallet'. One side? listed various important dates inr--llife, J.nc udingl I I I education and~ly information, as well as employment information. The other side listed identifying and contact information regarding! !immediate family, as well asl !parents fnd siblinqs. The business card and photocopy of the page from ]wallet are maintained in the 1A section of the file. I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012944Anthrax Page 1324 of 1446 F0:3o2 (R~v. 10-6-95) -t'. o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION t e ocument notebook, and Attached hereto and considered a part of this document is a copy of the above-mentioned document . Investigation on File# .!:::======:Lat Frederick, Maryland -\C)~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Date dictated ~------------------ N /A by __ S_~~------------_j~----------~----------------------~ USAMRIID Section 20.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; ....__ _ _......~ it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 012945Anthrax Page 1325 of 1446 A o B c D E 1 CODE 2 3 ** = laboratory technician; not always assigned individual notebook 4 NA = no record of notebook assigned to researcher 5 6 active =notebook held by researcher 7 destroyed =notebook sent to Records Mgt office and destroyed ca 1988 8 inactive = notebook held in library ~ 19 9t'C\?rts" LM:{L 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 I 291 I I 301 I 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 T7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 inactive/storage notebook held by library, stored in warehouse transferred notebook ownership transferred to another researcher unused notebook returned unused; reissued under same number to another researcher = = = , ' NAME NTBK# NA STATUS COMMENTS ~ctive ~ctive f:lctive ~ctive transferred tc transferred tc transferred tc nactive ~mused reissued tq ~ctive I nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage mactive/storage mactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage active active active active active active inactive active USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012946Anthrax Page 1326 of 1446 .. A o B active active active active inactive active active active active active active inactive active c D o E 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 I inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive transferred tc inactive inactive transferred tc inactive transferred !<: / I!/ 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 lv inactive inactive inactive transferred to inactive transferred to inactive transferred to inactive inactive b7C V"' V' ,_/ -H4Ylfli!.tlw..,1$1 transferred to transferred to transferred to transferred to transferred to [ inactive inactive unused reissued t4 transferred tq transferred tq assigned to Ivins I ~tal. ~tal. ~ ~ I~ active f-:Jo 9 - ~ 10 102 I/ Io ./ active active inactive inactive USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012947Anthrax Page 1327 of 1446 .. .A 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 o B c inactive inactive active inactive inactive active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active o D E /. 1/ / / ~ ~ NA NA NA NA n/"'(\ 101 ~estroyed ~ ~ ~ 1& 137 138 Ivins, B. 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 13 ~estroyed n/" lv'" / / / /' ./ ~estroyed v' v / / / rnactive/storage active rnactive/storage nactive/storage active active rnactive/storage active nactive/storage active active ~ctive ~ctive v V"' USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012948Anthrax Page 1328 of 1446 .. A o B c D o I E 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 / I v r/ (} / v y/ ./ / ,/ ,/ V" / ,/ ~ / .,/ v" ,/ ../ I/ / ./ ,/ / v active active active active unused active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active 4010 active ~ctive reissued tc:1 / ,/ / ,/ ~ctive ~ctive ~ctive ~ctive / / ~ctive ~ctive ~ctive v' / I/ \/ ~ ~ctive ~ctive ~ctive ~ I I/ 194 195 196 197 198. 199 200 201 202 203 204 I/ y' / ./ v / .,/ v t/ ,/ v nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012949Anthrax Page 1329 of 1446 . ' A o ,/ I c nactive hactive nactive hactive nactive hactive nactive hactive nactive hactive nactive hactive inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive inactive I ~estroyed ~estroyed o D E 1 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 / V' ,/"' ./ / / ./ ./ / ?v' I ~ lv v'"' I/ 1/ ./ v v ..,/"' v' I ~ ,/' ()/tA. assigned to Ivins b6 22~' 230 Mikt?sell, 0. 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 . 246 247 248 249 25d J nk b7C v !/" v / c/ J/ ~ / / I/ I~""' nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive/storage nactive nactive nactive transferred transferred transferred transferred I I Inactive Inactive inactive inactive/storage inactive/storage inactive/storage to to to to Ivins Ivins Ivins Ivins / / ./ ,/ I ~ 252 1 I 253 254 255 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012950Anthrax Page 1330 of 1446 oo k A o B nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive nactive mactive Inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active active c D o E 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 b7C I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012951Anthrax Page 1331 of 1446 A o 8 307 308 309 310 311 31] 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 ~~~1 I ~ctive c o D transferred to Mikesell et al. E l3ctive ~ctive 13ctive I 13ctive ~ctive ~ctive ractive ~ctive ~ctive ~ctive ractive ~ctive l3ctive ~ctive l3ctive active active active active active active active ;:;; () USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012952Anthrax Page 1332 of 1446 .. (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 11/16/2004 Washington Field Washington Field AMX 1 Conta:ct-d Approved By: Drafted By: I I I I (Pending) - Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: 1[)5 ~ AMERITHRAX; Synopsis: To provide a summary of the investigative efforts into the water purification systems in USAMRIID and resulting water collection. Details: In 2004, the 'Amerithrax investigation looked into the U.S. Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases' (USAMRIID's) water sources and the filtration systems used by both Buildings 1425 and 1412. Interviews of Principle ?Investigators, technicians, and Facilities Management personnel were conducted to determine the different purification methods in each building, and the types of water used for Bacill.us anthracis (B.a.) studies. On 2/25/2004,1 ...J,stated that the water used to make media and reagents in the LJsuites of Building pame from a large filtration system in suiter--1 This ~s~y~s~t~em was later confirmed to be a Millipore filtfacron system. For washing and storage of B.a.,l !utilized bottles of sterile water for i~j:::ion :ur:ha:~d ~rom B. Braun (product number 89200-SS). SAL ~~~ ~ ~ jls 1n the process of obtaining the same oo es o s er1le water through CBSU. Bruce Ivins learned froml lthat distilled deionized Milli-Q water is used for h1s Ames spore preparations. ~~--~------~~----~stated in a 3/2/2004 interview that a deionized water filtration system is housed in the penthouse of Building I I This deionized water is further purified ~hro~gh a.Mi~liyore rystem prior to us~. All the laborator1es 1n Bu1ld1ng .have access to th1s water USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012953Amhra>< Page 1333 of 1446 ki 20 012954Anthrax Page 1334 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: 27 9A-WF-22-293 6-USAMRIID Fi~ I Washington 11/16/2 004 Field~ I s~ated that water purchased from Baxter Internat1onal incorporated was used for ?aerosol challenges and post-challenge plate dilutions during ----~-rre-2?ctr-1-thlre""fra:rrre-.-TJ:r.t-s-water:--wcrs-pyrn~gen- free-and cont:a~n:e-d no endotoxins. The aerosol challenge area gets deionized water from Building 1412's distribution system, with Millipore filtration?units attached to several faucets for further purification. system. The Cell Culture Group collects the penthouse water in large carboys (on an as needed basis), and utilizes the water for solid and liquid media preparations. I b7C According I, the Cell Culture Group provided the ster1I1zea watei dsed in the aerosol chalj._enges. Bruce Ivin~--"l!You]._d____pometiJTI.e~;LPJ.-9V.;L_9.e_t;J;l~-------- _. ? -~ ..?s ter:i:-:te-?water;-wh:i:-~s-~ purcha:sed ?from-a?-c?ommercia-J.:-s?ource ????? ?? and stored in Suit~in Building 1425. Purchased water was used, specifically, in the all glass impingers (AGI) in aerosol challenges . tol .------L------___.,.JI,I II ~~--~~~~~=-~----Jl prov1dte~d~1~?n~f~o~r=m~a~t~1~o~n~o~n~~t~h~e~s~o~u~r~c~e~~o~r~ water for US~.MRIID. ~?ort Detrick operates its o\11.7!1 water treatment plant which purifies raw water from the Monocacy River. The treatment plant which utilizes sand filtration, has not changed its method of treatment except for the discontinuation of adding fluoride starting in approximately 1996.1 lalso provided annual reports of regulated . contam1nant monitoring results from 1996 to 2003. of USAMRIID'sr~-----------r-------~~~t~e~a~m~s~t-a~t~e-d~t~a~t~~U~1 ding 1412 and 1425 have 1n epen en water purification systems. Building 1412 utilizes steam to distill water, and Building 1425 utilizes reverse osmosis (RO) . Neither "building has had up~rades to the systems since its inception. (Since th~ !interview, upgrades to the purification systems have been 1mp emented 1n both Building 1412 and 1425.) Each laboratory has its own separate filtration units to provide an extra layer of purification. Many of these units are Millipore, Aqua Solutions, or Biocel brands. There are different models of each brand, but they all function simflarly by running the water through several layers of filters. ?t . ,. I provided a list of all the water fjJtrations un1ts current~Y 1n the USAMRIID laborator1es, and ~------------~~provided' the locations of each one. 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012955Anthrax Page 1335 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 11/16/2004 Fi~d Fiel~ In October 2004, Special Agents!~----~------~--~ !collected water samples from various ~w~a~t~e~r~f~1~l~t~r~a~t~1~o~n~u~n~1~t~s in Building 1425. Below is a table highlighting the filter type and location of each sampling. Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Room Collected From Tissue Culture Group Tissue Culture Group Room Room Room Room Suite Suite Filter Type Tap Water Penthouse Millipore System Milli-Q Plus Aqua Solutions Solutions 2000 Biocel A10 Milli-Pore Aqua Solutions Building 1412 suffered a water system failure which required shutdown and replacement of the water filtration system in late October 2004. Because of this, water samples were not fr m most of Building 1412. However, in 2003 S acquired water samples froml I ~~~~~~~a oratory. SAl ~ook a water srmpl~ from the 2000 Solution Water Purification System in Ro9m of Building 1412 on May 1, 2003. The t;am2lerfas later irradiated at USAMRIID. On August 7, 2003, SA obtained three samples from the same source in Room Two of those samples were autoclaved at USAMRIID and the other was irradiated . ------~? -~ oo 3 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012956Anthrax Page 1336 of 1446 , (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION oo 'l ' t o Precedence: To: From: ROUTINE Date: 12/07/2004 Washington Field Washington Field AMX 1 Contact: Approved Drafted By: By:L.--------------------~~.I I (Pending) -\~\o't To summarize information collected for media recipes b6 Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAXi MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: project. Details: On December 7 1 2004 1 SAl !completed the compilation of media recipes from the u.s. Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . The recipes were collected from various researchers' notebooks as well as from the Cell Culture Group. The notebooks reviewed were from the following former and current USAMRIID researchers: I Bruce Ivins J:Jel;'rv lVIl.Kese.L.L I b7C I lwas in t erv i ew-~o:::e~d'l""'""!o::-:n~s:::-:e:::o::v:"::"e:::-:r~%~1~o-=c-=c~a-=s:"'.!l~O!"!':n:-::s:--::t~o:--:p~r:::::-o~v::':!"i'::!ld~e--:!'i-::::n:-2?!":o:-:r::m:-:a:;t:-:1r-oo:-:n~on the types of med,j:~w~hui:~~e~----~------~lgroup prepare for USAMRIID researchers. ~~ provided Agents with media recipe cards, as wei as actual! !growth media bottles to obtain the ingredients. I I D USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012957Anthrax Page 1337 of 1446 .... To: Re: Washington From: Washington Fiel!l' 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 12/07/2004 Fi~d The media recipes have been binder along with FD302s ofl comJ~led i~ a three-ring _1nterv1ews . oo 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012958Anthrax Page 1338 of 1446 :: FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) " ,..,. I,. o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of Bir h: received b7C career at career at stra1ns. While workin b7C Ames strain, but ~~~-=~~~~=-~~~~~~~t~h e strain 9 Investigation on --~--~-------- 1/13/2005 at Frederick, Maryland This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012959Anthrax Page 1339 of 1446 ' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) .., o o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --~------------J---------------------'On 1/13/2005 ---=2=--- I I has worked withl IVINS ~~------~~~~~ USAMRIIDL.--l~n~?a~LO~L,a~~~t~~o~n-;-1--------------~r I Prior to I I USAMRI ID I lwas part of a group thatl lwas not in builfinr :in the last two yearsl 1 however still had.full access tol lin add~t~on,l rhaa access to uildingll but never worked in the bu i 1 r1 i r g. The last time I I wor:k:ecrl:'D. a lab was in 1992. ? During I lvears at USAMRIID, ~nthrax strains were kept in a freezer ~n I 1 !without any internal controls. Everyone ~Jo h~~ access to I lalso had access to the freezer. While was therel a~a not observe any llpiggy-backinqll furthermore did not see~a=:-----' lot of traffic inl J ? 1 lhas never metl Furthermore, lhas not heard anything aboutl tryfng tp ~------~1 ~----~ ~------------------~ I I I I I Durinq that I the~r I knows and has spoken to I conversations,! I Tn 1 qqt=; I I lin the past. I I b6 ...._---,...---~ ldoes not have the expertise lik~ ldoes to weaponize anthrax, but has read some material. Dry~ng anthrax can be done at home but is ver dan erous. Someone would have to First you wou have to determ~ne the pur~ty o the cu ture y selecting an organism and then ~estinJ.it. Drying the organism you can use dryers or lyopholizers. is not familiar with the Modified G Spore medi urn. ? ? USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012960Anthrax Page 1340 of 1446 o FD-302a (kev. 10-6-95) ,.; o l l h a s never did not travel to New Jerse er 11, 2001, o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~~------------~---------------------'On 1/13/2005 _....;3:;...__ USAMRIID~only time thatl____jused a lyopholizer was during his college years. A virologist would use a lyopholizer to protect the proteins of the virus. used~pholizer while working at ~------------------------------------~ -----------------------------------------??-?-??-?USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012961Anthrax Page 1341 of 1446 '"' ,,;( .t'? .<;' (Rev. 08-28-2000) -i.'~? FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: ROUTINE Date: 01/06/2005 Washington Field Amerithrax Task Force Attn: !i~l. ------------'~ Laboratory Attn:l From: Chemic._a_l_B_i_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_S_c_i_e_n_c_e_s~~nit j Washington Field ? Amerithrax-2~-----------------~ Contact: SA Drafted By: Case :tD #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX (Pending) -? \ (JJJ(o7 Major Case 184 Synopsis: ? To communicate rece~t_Q!_ini~~~~LJ~mll---~_j reporting Enclosure{s): this record. I _ _ _ ____.!document .__ is attacHed and made a part of / , Details: I I In the f.reoort I I b7C .(:/e._ . ?.Ooo o;(. b v.>ecl __,.......I . _ _ _ I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012962Anthrax Page 1342 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Fi"d From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,01/06/2005 Fiel~ b7E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~having~--~--------------------~----~ ~~--------~--~RM~R~~~~~rom USAMRIID to the Naval M E. Ivins, Institute Maryland. --:---' 29 is a spore preparation cquired from Dr. Bruce riology Division, U.S. Arm -~ed~al Research fect1ous Diseases (USAMRII ) , Fort Detrick, spore preparation has bee -re orted on numerous of suspension. Fourteen (14) days ical ~~=~...._~.... n~r (NMRC), taken from ~~~--~~~~solution 1 RMR were returne to Dr. Ivins. t1me, a s @re viability count of the RMR 1029 ~~~~~------~~~--~ at NMRC determined the viability to sequent to receiving the RMR 1029 ndependent and unaware of NMRcos results, count and found it to bel b7C F I A Special Agent! nt was :Qerformed byl IQn the seri~a~l~d~i~l~u-t~i-o_n_s__ u_s_e~d I determj pe the snore vi ahi 1 i tv 1 I and I I land to ~ound there to be b7F What is not for Bacillus anthracis be addressed in the ~--------------~----~~~----~ has prepared at least~--~------~ spore preparations of the Ames strain of Bacillus ant rac~s, using different media. Some insight can be gained idto the range of viabilities across different media upon comparing the spore viability against total spore counts for each of these preparations. b7C 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012963Anthrax Page 1343 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Fi"d From: Washington Fielflt 279A-WF-g22936-USAMRIID,01/06/2005 I Bacillus anthracis e use percent sp, re viabilities of spore slurries, an materials thereby , determining if there are changes viabilitY. throughout the manipulation of.the material Spore preparations acquired during AMERITHRAX searches may also prove useful in determining ranges in viabilities for spores prepared by different investigators, protocols and media. Since the percent viability for a spore preparation can not be altered simply by dilution, sub-samples removed from a preparation and maintained under similar conditions the master stock, should not vary in their percent viabilit the percent viability of sub-samples, derived fro that have been maintained under similar conditions I t, are found to have viabilities compar~a~b~l~e--~t-o,__.______~ it is safe to assume that the percent viability was Assuming the percent viability was always low conjunction with the concentration dro~ing from I ip tol LI _ 3 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012964Anthrax Page 1344 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,01/06/2005 F~d Fiel~ LEAD{s): Set Lead 1: {Action) LABORATORY AT QUANTICO, VA Obtain and peer review the protocol for determining the percent spore viability as used for RMR 1029 byl I I I Set Lead 2: {Action} LABORATORY AT QUANTICO, VA determine the percent spore viability for each preparation of Bacillus anthracis Ames spores prepared for the FBI byl I Set Lead 3: {Action) LABORATORY AT QUANTICO, VA Using the protocol acquired from Lead 1 above, , determine the percent spore viability for each sub-sample of RMR 1029 obtained during AMERITHRAX searches . oo 4 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012965Anthrax Page 1345 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/28/2005 Security Account Number (SSAN) : lwork address: 1425 Porter Street, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , work telephone #: I I was ~rviewed on the morning ofl I as pre-arranged at L___jplace of employment. After being advised of the identity of the Special Agents (SAs) and the nature of the interview! provided the following information: r---------~--~~-w-o-r~k~-o~f~f~i-c-e~#:l I Social b7c I I I advised has consistent l-x;_.!!15lJJ1t.la.:J.;tJ..e.!l...a..~~J::.e..L..., security Crearance at us.~~~~~?~~~?~~.__,~~----~----------~ further advised, prior to not have a security clearance at US ~_..1"'1111:"--------.....1 address: b7C D advised! lnot ? (Ba) at USAMRIID on~~--~~--~~~~--~~ not have access to any other I I I sEated I I ursner adv~sed c~rca I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __:_o~\.3c2. Investigation on File# _01/28/2005__ ___;:.__.;...:__.;._.;. at Frederick, Maryland b7C Date dictated ~----------------- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \()~~ N /A by __ ~~I I ~~----------L-------------------------~ This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agenc' JL---------....1 it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012966Anthrax Page 1346 of 1446 I FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 01/28/2005 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-302 Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - - - ,On -2- r---lopined the person who mailed the anthrax-laced letters w~ave to have been knowledgeable and would not want to accidently endanger their family by bringing any Ba home. agreed to contact the interviewing SAs should c:J ?be able to locate the business cardl !recall any additional pertinent information. ? Through interview and D t7c observatio~~----~~is described as: ;L.AS!:I'-NAME : FJ..I-R:S!:I'.,. NAME : .MJ:~:Q:QLE-IN,I.T IAL : ..?EK..; E,A~: SSAN: HOME "ADQRESS: HOME TE~EPHONK - b6 #: _ _ _ ..... .::"-...::::::r:--....,..... WORK~-ADDRESS: ??:::ttWotl HOME Qf,QQP..b.I.J ON: EMPLOYER: P~EVIOUS 7~~~p~gNE WORK TELEPHONE: USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012967Anthrax Page 1347 of 1446 (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION o o Precedence: To: ROUTINE Attn: Date: 02/02/2005 Washington Field IIcl SSA ._I_ _ _ ____.I AMX' 1 I From: Washington Field AMX-3 ~----------------------------~ Contact: SA Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 (Pending)- \C.)(\0 Synopsis: Comprehensive description of phone calls placed from Fort Detrick, Maryland, to New Jersey betwee~ April 1997 and December 1999. Reference: 279A-WF-222936-Lead Serial 341 Details: In an effort to identify any association between Fort Detrick personnel and New Jersey, telephone records were obtained from Fort Detrick for the period of April 1997 to December 1999. A lead was sent to the Trenton New Jersey Residence Agency of the Newark Division requesting interviews' of all of the New Jersey telephone number subscribers. Although the interviews identified a reasonable explanation for a significant number of the telephone calls, some of the calls to New Jersey telephone numbers require additional investigation. The following paragraphs separate the telephone calls into various categories ~ncluding: Knows/May Have Knownl I ~ Business/Equipment Contact, Personal Contact,~------~ Employee/Former Employee, Previously interviewed, Trunk . Line/Customer Seryice Line/Fax Line, No Explanation Business, No Explanation Residence, Current Subscriber/Not Subscriber During ? Period of Interest, Deceased, Previously Interviewed Pursuant to Another Lead?, No Forwarding Address/Needs to be Located and Interviewed, Needs to be re-subpoenaed & Unable to be Determined. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012968Amhra>< Page 1348 of 1446 . USAMRMD seem] 25 pdf; 012969Anthrax Page 1349 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 ~d Fie~ Knows/May Have Known! Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Interview Results: (609)665-8727 SPEX Industries 3880 Park Avenue Edison, New Jersey I_ 1 !advised that frece1.ved. an inquiry rroml I reaardinq a Has also had eontact with others from'Fort Detrick. I 1.n erv1.ew ascertained ,the individual was! I Business/Equipment Contact: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: I-STAT Corporation 303 College Road Princeton, New Jersey Allentown Caging Equipment Interview Results: (609)243-9300 Makes hand held blood analyzers & has a business relationship with USAMRIID. Manufactures animal cages. Conducts routine business with.USAMRIID. (609)259-7051 2 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012970Anthrax Page 1350 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ (609)439:..9100 Denton Vacuum 1259 North Church Morristown, New Jersey Manufactures vacuum systems used in chemical testing. Has conducted business with Fort Detrick. Makes hand held blood analyzers & has a business relationship with USAMRIID. Contact withl through a tra~a-e~=s~n~o~w~.------~ (609)443-9300 I-STAT Corporation 303 College Road Princeton, New Jersey Covance Inc. 210 Carnegie Center Princeton, New Jersey (609)452-8550 :worked fo~ (609)467-2000 Arthur H. Thomas Company Box ~9 Swedeboro, New Jersey VWR International P.O. Box 369 B~idgeport, New Jersey Omega? Engineering 1 Omega Circle Bridgeport, New Jersey BRACCO Diagnostics P.O. Box 5225 Princeton, New Jersey Diedre Moir~ Corp. 510 Horizon Center Robbinsvillle, New Jersey Conducts business with USAMRIID (609)467-2600 Conducts business with USAMRIID. Company has done business with USAMRIID in the past. Sells.media for MRI's. USAMRIID made a purchase in 1999. (609)467-4200 (q09)514-2200 (609)584-9575 correspon ence to company that they characterized as 3 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012971Anthrax Page 1351 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ I (609)589-2560 TECHNE Inc. 743 Alexander Road Princeton, New Jersey threatening. Letter was forwarded to SAl I I Sells and distributes life science and lab e::::ment. Contact was I lfrom 0 AM IID. (609)587-9797 Princeton Instrument Sells cameras/photo Incorporated equipment for use in labs. 3660 Quaker Bridge Rd. , Has had contact with Trenton, New Jersey USAMRIID. Not sure who was contacted during this time frame. Attempted to obtain a speaker from Fort Detrick but. does not know anyone from USAMRIID. (609)667-7727 Universal Technical Federal Laboratory 950 N Kings Highway Consortium for Technology Cherry Hill, New Jersey Transfer has dealt with USAMRIID and uses the switchboard at Universal Technical. Henry Troemner Incorporated P.O. Box 87 Thorofare, New Jersey Manufactures scal~e~s~?~--~ USAMRI ID contact . _ I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ . (609)686-1600 I Conducts business with USAMRIID. Responded to a Grand Jury subpoena re: b7C I (609)695-8355 Habitat Management 210 W State Street Trenton, New Jersey Sarnoff Corporation P.O. Box CN5300 Princeton, New Jersey Company studied effects of human activity on bald eagles for Fort Detrick. Bug to Drug Program. Contacts! (609)734-2068 4 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012972Anthrax Page 1352 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ (609)985 8700 Automatic Switch Company 2 Eves Drive Marlton, New Jersey USAMRIID has purchased equipment from this company. Personal Contact: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business .& Subpoena return address: Interview Results: b~omed~cal research projects at USAMRIID. ~I================::..,II.__________. I I L..--!At th_e.time-,1See above. b7C I._____ _ _ I llr----------,..,.l(~seebe~low)r ~~ Ec~med I I ~?----------------------------------~. II lworked at USAMRIID. 5 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012973Anthrax Page 1353 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ I P"SAMRIID. USAMRIID. ?~~-I Friends . I as 1 They dj f f j cult . to he arOJJnd with~ di scusse ~--..~.-...., Jdescribe ~-------~~ Iare friends ?with Amnl I I USAMRIID I lworked withl jat Fort Detrick reqara::~.nq develoninc a i I I ~==================~ Been i: contact Detric . _ ithl Jat Fort I ~--------------~ JUSAMRIID. b6 ' I I USAMRIID. I 'i ...._ 1 __-:--::------__.1 Detrick. at Ft . I I I 6 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012974Anthrax Page 1354 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ ~~--~------~~Ft. DetrJ.ck. I I Friend I Iat USAMRIID. I I USAMRIID. Employee/For.mer Employee: ~ t Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Interview Results: I I USAMRIID from! lat I I Work_ed at jUSAMRIID. Both worked at USAMRIID. Iworked ?at Previously Interviewed: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Interview Results: L___________________r---~ 7 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012975Anthrax Page 1355 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ SAl (609)848-2116 Aikers Bio Sciences 210 Grove Road Thorofare/ New Jersey Previously interviewed by I Iadvised ~t~h~a~t~l=======rlp~r~eviously interv~ewed b6 by the FBI. Trunk Line/Customer Service Line/Fax Line: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: ADAMAR of NJ Inc. (Tropicana Casino) Iowa? & Boardwalk Atlantic City, New Jersey Days Inn 112 S. Morris Avenue Atlantic City/ New Jersey I Trocki Sheraton 6821 Black Horse Pike W. Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic Place Development dba Royal Suites Hotel 4252 Harbour Beach Boulevard Brigantine, New Jers,ey City of Atlantic City Tennessee & Bachrach Atlantic City, New Jersey Holiday Inh Boardwalk 111 8. Chelsea Avenue Atlantic City 1 New Jersey Atlantic City Convention Center 1 Ocean Way 8 Interview Results: (609)340-4000 Trunk line. (609)344-6101 Trunk line. (609)344-8800 Trunk line. (609)344-8800 Trunk line. (609)347-5211 Fax line for Emergency Management & Beach Patrol. (609)348-2200 Trunk line. (609)348-7000 Trunk line. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012976Anthrax Page 1356 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fie~ Atlantic City, New Jersey (609)368-6101 Stone Harbor Chamber Trunk line. of Commerce P.O. Box 422 Stone Harbor, New Jersey Burlington Coat Factory Customer service number. 1830 us Highway 130 Many employees have Burlington, New Jersey family members in the military. Cadet Motors, Inc. 1960 Spruce Trenton, New Jersey Main number. No record of vehicle sale to Maryland resident. Employees do not have a family member in the military. Trunk line. (609)387-7800 (609)392-1888 (609)441-4444 Greater Bay Hotel & Casino (Sands) S Indiana Avenue & Brighton Atlantic City, New Jersey Burdette Tomlin Hospital 2 Stone Harbor Blvd. Cape May, New Jersey Princeton Medical 253 Witherspoon Street Princeton, New Jersey (609)463-2000 Trunk line. (609)497-4000 Main number. ?Hospital has no formal busi ? USAMRIID, but may.have talk~e~~======~ USAMRIID about b7C 9 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012977Anthrax Page 1357 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 ~d Fiel~ (609)522-0521 Cavalier Hotel 410 E. Toledo Avenue Wildwood Crest, New Jersey Concador Hotel 507 E. Stanton Road Wildwood Crest, 'New Jersey Bar Harbor Inn Stanton Road & Beach Wildwood Crest 1 New Jersey Singapore Motel 515 E Orchid Road Wildwood Crest, New Jersey Ace Glass Inc. 1430 NW Boulevard Vineland, New Jersey Trunk line. (609)522-1439 Trunk line. (609)522-3343 Trunk line. (609)522-6961 Trunk line. Number is disconnected. Manager cannot explain call. General purpose number. No formal business relationship with USAMRIID, but has conducted business with many U.S. Departments. No direct contact with (609)692-3333 I (609)835-3030 Lourdes Medical Center Direct Line to the ER and 218A Sunset Road numerous individuals had Willingboro/ New Jersey access to the phone. Cooper Medical Center 1 Cooper Plaza Camden, New Jersey Educational Testing Services (ETS) Rosedale Road Stop 35D Princeton/ New J~rsey Thomas Edison College 777 Parkway Avenue Trenton, New Jersey New Jersey Chamber of Commerce General number, cannot trace calls. Transfers calls to various ETS sites. They have 23,000 employees in New Jersey. Main number. Call(s) could have been . transferred to any extension. Main number. Call(s) could have been (609)342-2000 (609)921-9000 (609)984-1100 (609)989-7888 10 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012978Anthrax Page 1358 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-2229.36 -USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ 216 W State Trenton, New Jersey transferred to any extension. Two National Guard members worked at the office. No Explanation Business: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Cortaulds Aerospace a23 E Gate Drive Mount Laurel, New Jersey KDC Group 114 Main Kingston, New Jersey Interview Results: (609)234-1600 Now 9alled PPG Aerospace. Records of incoming calls were not maintained. No knowledge of.business with USAMRIID. Recruiting firm.for pharmaceutical companies. No business relationship with.USAMRIID. (.6 0 9 ) 2 52 - 9 0 6 0 (609)259-7591 Upper Freehold Regional Fax machine utilized by School District over ~w~nty employees. 27 High Allentown, New Jersey All ~mployees can access this number. Does not know of any contact with USAMRIID. (609) 295-5537' Burlington County Office of Communicable Diseases 49 Rancocas Road Mount Holly, New Jersey who worked at a military base in Maryland. (609)423-3010 East Greenwich Municipal Court Cohawken Road Clarksboro, New Jersey Involves traffic tickets issued on the NJ Turnpike. A computer search ,..;w;.;.;a;;,;.;s;;;___---. made for the name I ....-------' ... I lwith negative results. They advised that there is no way to search tickets for someone stationed at Fort Detrick. 11 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012979Anthrax Page 1359 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~, (609)423-6300 EM Diagnostic Systems 480 Democrat Road Gibbstown, New Jersey Lab supply company. No record of business with USAMRIID. Advised that most customers use a toll free number. Handles administrative functions for various clients including American College of Veterinary Pathology. Company provides scholarships and promotes baseball camps . (609)423-7222 Talley Management Group 19 Mantua Road Mount Royal, New Jersey Hit Doctor 2 Inc./ American Showcase 6 Bicentennial Court .Erial, New Jersey (609)'424-5875 (609)426-7887 McGraw Hill Credit No information on 8 second Department phone call. 148 Princeton Highstown Road Highstown, New Jersey State National Training Prepares candidate's to 510 S Burnt Mill Road take various tests. Kirkwood, New Jersey Records did not reveal any business withl I East Windsor Township 16 Lanning Boulevard Highstown, New Jersey Lavipharm Labs Inc. 69 PrincetonHightstown Road Hightstown, New Jersey They employ thirty people. No reason why they might have received a call from USAMRIID. Lavipharm moved into a building previously occupied by Mettler Instrument in 1998. Lavipharm can not think of a reason why they might receive a call from USAMRIID. Information not available concerning phone call. At one time this property was a Holiday Inn. Managerf Jdoes not recall Bpeakiiig o anyone (609)427-4000 (609)443-4000 (609)448-3001 (609)452-2400 Radisson Hotel Holiday Inn P.O. Box.2700 Caldwell, New Jersey Sea Kist Motel 288 Tall Pines Drive 12 (609)522-6281 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012980Anthrax Page 1360 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: 279A-WF-222936,-USAMRIID F~d Washington.Fiel~ I 02/02/2005 Sewell, New Jersey (609)584-7677 Weber Scientific 2732 Kuser Road Robbinsville, New Jersey Ramada Hotel P.O. Box 1373 Pleasantville, New Jersey TA Brand Company 111 E Parkway Drive Pleasantville, New Jersey Days Inn 224 w White Horse Pike Absecon, New Jersey from Fort Detrick. Sells equipment to the dairy industry. Records do not show business with USAMRIID. General number and address for the hotel.. Manager is not familiar with the name (609)646-5220 I I (609)646-9111 Dedicated Fax number. ?Has not conducted business with USAMRIID. Guest records are only maintained for three years. Manager was not familiar with th~e~------~ subs.criber name (609)652-2200 ~------~1 (609)655-4848 Orthopedic Associates 9 Centre Drive Monroe, New Jersey Med Pointe Healthcare Half Acre Road Cranbury, New Jersey I ~-------~ Has not conducted , business with USAMRIID. Carter-Wallace Inc. (CWI)/ Med Pointe Healthcare was acquired by ?ARMKEL. Business counsel unable to determine if CWI had a relatfonshjp iith USAMRIID (609)655-6000 orl.___________._ See above. (609)655-6047 Carter-Wallace, Inc. Half Acre Road Cranbury, New Jersey Boy Scouts of America P.O. Box 268 Jamesburg, New Jersey Faulkner Technical Reports Incorporated 7905 Brewing Road Pennsauken, New Jersey (609)655-9600 No involvement with USAMRIID or Fort Detrick. Publishing company with several government contracts. Not aware of a contrac?t with USAMRI ID. (609)662-2070 13 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012981Anthrax Page 1361 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID,.02/02/2005 ~d Fie~ (609)667-7164 Seamans Furniture 300 Crossways Park Dr. Woodbury, New Jersey Fleet Bank No idea about who might have received the call. Large employee turnover. Number not in service. Fleet purchased Summit Bank. Manager was not familiar with USAMRIID or I land could not recall if this used to be the bank's number. Company restructured and closed several offices. No information available . . several hundred employees. No information available. b7C I (609)683-9678 (609)758-7781 Alpharma Inc. (609)771-7100 Educational Testing Services One Meadowsland Plaza E Rutherford, New Jersey Radisson Hotel 915 State Highway 73N Mount Laurel, New Jersey Slack Inc. 6 9,0 0 Grove Road Thorofare, New Jersey, Oil Test Inc. P.O. Box 519 Thorofare, New Jersey Bureau of Dangerous Goods 322 Applegarth Cranbury, New Jersey Rhone-Poulenc Prospect Plains Road Cranbury, NJ (609)802-0245 No record of incoming calls, but they conduct (609)848-1000 Publishes medical journals and books. Do not have' records ofl lmaking a purchase. Test marine fuel for the Navy. No association with USAMRIID. Sells software program dealing with shipping infectious materjals (609)848-7200 (609)860-0096 (609)860-4000 Rhone-Poulenc was acquired by Rhodia, Inc. Neither company appears to have had a relationship with Fort Detrick. 14 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012982Anthrax Page 1362 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ (609)871-5922 Orthopedic 2103 BurlirigtonMT Holly Road Burlington, New Jersey Rancoca~ No routine business conducted with USAMRIID. May have had a case involving a military member. Has not conducted business with USAMRIID. No information available. (609)924-8131 Orthopedic Associates 325 Princeton Avenue P~inceton, New Jersey ATX Communications 50 Monument Road Balla Cynwyd, PA (609)927-2942 Dedicated fax line. not know anyone at Does I ?~----------------------------------~IUSAMRIID. (609)966-1305 Quality Bio-Tech' Now known as Enviro Tech. Phone records are not maintained, and they can't explain call. No Explanation Residence/Individual: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Interview Results: Neither! t could expla~n a call to what they believe was b6 b7c I ~--------------------------------------~-Fort I? frlm 1;do not know of anyone Detrick who might have called them during that time period. ~t::-:o~c=-=a=-r,...r~ul"'''sl"'''AM"l!Tll~R........ . ! !..,.,6 lno reason 15 No association with USAMRIID. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012983Anthrax Page 1363 of 1446 'o To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 F~d Fiel~ Q p I I erl could provide nation. Not familiar with USAMRIID. Does not know ~----------------------------------------~anyone (609)499-2523 Margaret McGrath 901 Broad Florence, New Jersey at Fort Detrick. This number was assigned to McGrath's (deceased) room at a nursing home. was not aware of any connection to Ft. Detrick. Was assigned this number for a short while, no connection to USAMRIID. Jwas ask-igped this in e s not ~~n~o-w--a"""n"'"y____ o n_e---:of~r"""o m ___. ____ ~--------------------------------------~usAMRIID, or Fort Detrick. 'iTtber ~...::n~o:--:J.~a~e::-:a:--:w:-:n~y=-=--=s-=o-:::m:-::e:-:::o~n~e has from USAMRIID would call her. lwb.o Fort Detrick & occasionally is in contact wjtb others[ I No explanation for call. No longer uses this number because of.too many wrong number calls. They claim no association with USAMRIID. ~------------------------------------~ I 16 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012984Anthrax Page 1364 of 1446 To: Re: Washington Jltld From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 Fie~ > Does not recall doing business with anyone from USAMRIID. c::Jhas no information on ~rax orl I I Does not Jrecall having contact with USAMRIID. DUE I I not recall dealing with anyone from Fort Detrick. does I b6 aoes not know wny they would have received a call from Maryland. They moved to that address before I Number: I Interview Results: - ror Current Subscriber/Not Subscriber During Period of Interest: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: I Moved to L __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ I b6 (609)520-0300 Incoda Corporation. 100 Overlook Center Princeton, New Jersey Telephone subscriber in 2000. Fax line. Not familiar with USAMRIID of Fort Detrick. Number acquired in 1999. b7C 17 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012985Anthrax Page 1365 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 Jltld Fie~ Deceased: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena? return address: Bud Olsen 362 S. Swedesboro Avenue Mickelton, New Jersey Interview Results: (609)423-0100 Deceased. Sold racing car parts. Previously Interviewed Pursuant To Another Lead: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee ?Interview Results: or Business & Subpoena return address: Palmer Inn 3499 Brunswick Pike ? Princeton, New Reference SUB-NK 1 serial 1914. Reference Serial 770. ( 6 0 9 )? 4 52 - 2 5 0 0 SUB~L..--------~~? (609)890-8600 KNF Neuberger Inc. 2 Black Forest Road .Trenton, New Jersey Nassau Inn Palmer Square. Princeton, New Jersey Peacock Inn 20 Bayard Lane Princeton, New Jersey Reference SUB-LEAD, Serial 326 . Reference SUB-NK, serial 1914. Reference SUB-NK, serial 1914. (609)921-7500 (609)924-1707 No Forwarding Address/Need?to be Located and ?Interviewed: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Interview Results: . . Number not in service. Could not find I._______. (609)241-1111 Ampcor Incorporated 603 Heron Drive 18 Moved in July ?1999 with no forwarding address. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012986Anthrax Page 1366 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 Jltld Fie~ Bridgeport, New Jersey !Filed ~h:nae ~n er t e name II --------------~_ L---------------------------~LI (609)365-5177 Genes Pharmacy 640 Pine Street Camden, New Jersey :f addra~a~to Out of business. Did not leave a forwarding address. Moved with no forwarding address. (609)423-0119 American College of Veterinary Pathology 19 Mantua Road Mount Royal, New Jersey All records have been sent to the Rees Group, Middleton, Wisconsin, (608)831-3611. (609)424-5600 Marsam Pharmaceutical Current subscriber is a P.O. Box 1022 insurance company & stated Cherry Hill, New Jersey that they frequently receive calls for Marsam. Correct address wasl not fam~l~ar r I I !Mail Carrier with the name Current homeowner advised lmoved several years ago. ~able to identify. (609)448-3001 (609)520-0300 Chrysalis International Corporation 19 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012987Anthrax Page 1367 of 1446 --------------------------------------To: Re: Washington ~ld From: Washington Fie41t 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 DBA Chrysalis DNX TRNSGNC 301B College Road Princeton, New Jersey Also:. 5 Cedar Brook Drive Cranbury, New Jersey (609)541-2267 USARB NAVAL State Highway 547 Lakehurst, New Jersey USARB-MA-NAVAL ENG STA Building 120, Floor 1 State Highway 547 Lakehurst, New Jersey International(PI) in 19~9. PI was purchased by a company named MDS. Not in Service. Listed subscriber has no record of this number.. Not in Service. Listed subscriber has no record of this number. Moved with no forwarding . address. Moved with no forwarding address. Moved with no forwarding address. Moved with no forwarding address. (609)678-7550 ---------------------r~ I 11 canenc saoscnner aoesl ?not know I I I ------~------------~ Current subscnber doel I Address is vacant. No 20 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012988Anthrax Page 1368 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 1 02/02/2005 Ftltd Fiel~ forwarding address. Moved with forwardin address to numbers ers are (609)804-1090 822275 ' b~~~==~~--------~1. Egg Harbor, New Jerseytn1s company. Also: 335 West Mossville Road Galloway, New Jersey Moved with no forwarding address. Could not find. RJ Productions Inc. Were unable to contact (609)964-0370 Garlock Inc. Plastics 602 N lOth Street Camden 1 New Jersey This company left Camden, New Jersey in,2000 and moved to? Texas and Newtown 1 Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Lynsell Technologies advised that they may have some hard copies of phone records associated with Garlock, and advised that they believe the abovementioned number was a fax line. Needs to be Re-subpoenaed: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Interview Results: Advised they never were the subscriber of this 21 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012989Anthrax Page 1369 of 1446 '? To: Re: Washington Ftlld From: Washington Fieltlt 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 .-------===========til...----...:---~ were assigned this number in 2001. I number . D advised that he was never the subscriber of this number. Per an office assistant, they were assigned this number recently (2003). Was not assigned this number until 2000. She is no longer assigned this number. Unable to be deter.mined: Number: Subscriber/Interviewee or Business & Subpoena return address: Merrill Lynch P.O. Box 1406 New York, New York Interview Results: (609)426-7887 Documentation was not provided as to what may have been done to identify connection of Merrill Lynch to USAMRIID. However, an interview of someone from Me Graw Hill, who subscribed the same number made mention of an eight second call. It is not clear when each company was the subscriber of this number. Documentation was not provided as to what may . have been done to identify connection of Paetec to USAMRIID. (609)452-2400 Paetec Communications 290 Woodcliff Drive Fairport, New York It should be noted that the purpose of this document was to collate all information gathered pursuant to a lead, serial number 341, and to ascertain appropriate follow-up. For 22 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012990Anthrax Page 1370 of 1446 .. To: Re: Washington ~d From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 02/02/2005 Fie~ the purpose of this document, telephone numbers and addresses are duplicates of the ones sent to the Trenton RA in the original lead. It should be noted that some of the above-mentioned numbers may no longer be in service, have had an area code change, or belong to a new subscriber. Any such changes, unless follow-up is required, are irrelevant to this document and may or may not be noted. This document should not be considered an investigation of any of the above-mentioned individuals and/or companies. The information in this document, with the exception of information in parentheses, was gathered entirely from the FD302's and inserts prqvided by the Trenton RA. There has been no additional investigation on the results provided by Trenton RA. At this point in the investigation, the follow-up to this project shoul~ include an attempt to locate and interview those individuals named in the following sections.: No Forwarding Address/Need to be Located and Interviewed, Need to be Resubpoenaed, Unable to be Determined, and any other investigative follow-up deemed appropriate . oo 23 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012991Anthrax Page 1371 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 02 I 2 4 I 2 0 05 Social Security te ep one #:I 5 Porter Street, titute of In ect' nd provided Special Agent (SA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI on the morning of February 18, 2005 the following information via a seventeen page facsimile: Page 1: Paqe 2: Cover sheet Email reply froml ldated?l~--------------rt_o_l--------~~--~1 lat ~------------------~~~~~----------------r-a~dvis~e~~~nr------~~v~1~a~~e~m~a~1~l~ I Page 3: noted L~------------------------------~ Page ?4: Facsimile cover sheet from The University of Michigan Medical Center to BRUCE IVINS date stamped 11 4-27-1998 9:37AM From Allergy Division 7349362990 11 also, 11 Pages including this one: 5. 11 Page 5: Page 2 of facsimile f~om The University Medical Center to BRUCE IVINS. Page two is a~~c~~~--~~~~~~ of Michigan Hospitals Out-Patient Notes 11 for Records indicate 11 2/6/98 Anthrax Vaccine Abso~r~~e~~~~~~~~~~ Anthrax Vaccine 0.5 cc, 11 11 3/6/9'8 Anthrax sub q 0.5 cc, 11 3/9/98 3:05 P Plague Vaccine," and 4/10/98 11:35 A Plague Vaccine. 11 Page 6: Page 3 of facsimile from The University of Michigan I Handwritt:n note maintained IVINS notedl by BRUCE IVINS regar~iniVgiNS J Medical Center to BRUCE IVINS. Investigation on File# by _........;:.____:_ Page 3 is a type written noteg (via fa!=!simile) ~--------------~~ ~1.~ 02/24/2005 ____ at Frederick, Maryland \()~ 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA Date dictated N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property ol' the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012992Anthrax Page 1372 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10?6-95) o - - L - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - , On 02/24/2 005 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of , Page --=2=--- I _ "Va,cination S':'mm':'ry: (Social Security # _ Records ~nd~cate vaccine was from the "M~c ~gan Dept. of Publ~c Health, lot FAV016" and the plague vaccine was from "Greer Laboratories Inc., lot# 0904Z1.~ ~ en:i~: ed b'ic Page 8: Page 5 of facsimile from The University of Michigan Medical Center to BRUCE IVINS. Pa:e: is a t~e written note entitled "Vaccination S u m m a r y : L J ( S o c j a J Secnrity # I !Records indicat tn a ~rax v ine was from the~ "IVIicnigan Dept. of P\.].blic Health, lot # FAV016" and the plague vaccine was from "Greer Laboratories Inc., lot# 0904Z1." Page 9: of a Memorandum 1998. Records indicate~----------------------------~~--~----~----~~----~--~ advised has been immunized against ~~":P~LA~.~,~,--------------------~ b'IC A t e written ~v~s~on o ated December 05, 1997, a resse to BRUCE IVINS. Record indicate "I much appreciate your willingness to work with us concerning our new anti-sporicidal material. We look forward to doing in vitro" Records further indicate "On December 19, commensurate with the filing of patents on this material, I will send you additional data on the formulations of our studies concerning the ability of these materials to inactive spores both in vitro and in vivo." aee 1~? ?-- l:: to _dated "May 10, 1997." (WFO Note: after ~=-=--a=a":'l::~e--=a~h=-:a=-:n~w~r:":!'~"l::~e:-:"n=--c=-o=-m:=m~en t follows " ? should this be 19 9 8 . " ) Records indicate I I thanks! ~nd IVINS for their collaboration. In addition records indicate provided excellent technical assistance. ~----------------------~ ... A t:e w::?tten litter from I J 2-14 o Lat l d a t e d "10 8/98 2:37PM" to IVINS containing an ~n ernet art~c e en itled "Age destroys anthrax, doesn't hurt PA:E F:rwar~edJaroai ~from I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012993Anthrax Page 1373 of 1446 ..'.., FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o --L---------...J----------'On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 02/24/2005 ,Page -3-- animals or the environment. 11 Article indicated MICHAEL HAYES and JAMES R. BAKER Jr., directed a research study in which 11 BCTP, 11 presented experimental evidence that 11 BCTP 11 destroyed anthrax spores in a culture dish. Reco;r:-ds further indicate "BCTP 11 was devloped by at Novavax Inc., Columbia, Maryland. In addition 11 The [University of Michigan] and Novavax have filed a patent application 11 'and I plans to evaluate BCTP's effectiveness against inhaled anth~r-a-x----~ spores, as well as other bacteria and enveloped viruses. 11 Page 15: Data table entitled 11 Experiment from 5-5-98: Microemusions (Sic) incorporated in TSA at 1:100 dilution. B. anthracis spores diluted 10-fold from 10-1 to 10- 6 and 10 ul of dilutionsstreaked (Si.c) on TSA (duplicate plates) . " Page 16: Bar graph entitled 11 Figure 1: Cidal Effect of Nanoemulsions on Anthrax Spores. 11 Page 17: Bar graph entitled "Figure 2: Cidal effect of Nanoemulsions on Anthrax spores." (WFO Note: Attached to and considered part of this record is a 17 page facsimile received by writer circa 11:49 AM on February 18, 2005.) USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012994Anthrax Page 1374 of 1446 ?,. '02/18/2005 ... 11:49 3016192152 o BACT biV PAGE 01/17 U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases FAX Phone Numbers: DSN- 343-2152, Commercial .. (301) 619-2152 .Facsimile Transmittai-Heaaer Sheet Office Sym~ol Phone IPninf nf r Bacteriology Division USAMRIID MCMR-.UIB Fort Detrick 1 Frederick, MD 21702-5011 DSN 343-7341 Ira-aetenologyDIVISIOn USAMRIID I [(301) 619-7341 301~619M 73'1/ Total #Pages: 'plus cover= REMARKS: t& II FAX: t11~ tR f"t4-?ft tVu. /-I' ~1 C!-(1'1../uVJ~TW~ ' .ACA..~ - ~? ~ ?~ruv~ ~ )r:J~~ I o (p-'j' ~ /9'i!f. . Request acknowledgement of receipt - Yes ___x_ Phone (30 1) 619-7341 No? Call AV 343-7341, Commercial (301) 619~7341, if you experience difficulty -~ in message transmissior "Research for the Soldier" USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012995Anthrax Page 1375 of 1446 . ?o . .~2/18/2005 11:49 3016192152 ~ o r-...:.___ __j BACT DIV --- 3 ;/+ef' 3cl a):;~I- . 3 qjlltr- 2 ,.d/Jrp, . (?rfnf ~ Urn. :n PY v/skf t?cv77Lrp/1/x r l/1 rl r/ f tltltva/ ~n/ 5 ~s -& f ~~ /( tJ lour hyl -----.~kl?.)&'? c;;.P? rUSAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012996Anthrax Page 1376 of 1446 -~2/18/2005 11:49 ?3016192152 a-27-199B 9:37AM 4 ALLEI=<G~? BACT DIV DIVISION 73ll.9362990 o PAGE 04/17 P. l . . The University of Michigan .Medical Center . Division of Alletgy FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION DATE: 4/27/98 TO: FROM: Bruce Ivins 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 9220 MSRB m Ann Aroo:i:, Michigan 48109-0648 (734) 647M2777; Fax (734) 936-2990 l:'AGF.S TNC.T~trlllNGTHIS ONE~ 5 USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012997Anthrax Page 1377 of 1446 'el2/18/20el5 11:49 .. 4-27-1998 9:37AM 3616192152 o ALLERGY BACT DIV DIVISION 73A.93S2990 o PAGE el5/17 P.2 IJNIVEAM'I OF MICKIGA:N HoSPrtALS ()UT.;PAllliNT NOTI:S ?-~? . ???: ... DIRTIIDATE 9 OliO~ . USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012998Anthrax Page 1378 of 1446 -~?/18/2005 . 11:49 ci-27,..1998 9:8BA~i 301619~ FJWALLS:RGY BACT DIV DIVISION 73Ll93S2990 -? o PAGE 05/17 P.3 Vaccination Summary: .___ _ _ ____.I(Social Security #._I_ _ _ _ _.....J b6 Anthrax: Michigan Dept. of Public Health lot # FAV016 expiration date 28 JUL 98 06 FEB 98: 0.5. cc subcutaneous injection 20 FEB 98: O..S cc ~ubcutaneous injeqtion 06 MAR 98: 0.5 cc subcutaneous injection Plague.: Greer Laboratories Inc. lot # 0904Zl ex.piration date 07 NOV 98 09 MAR 98: 1.0 cc intramuscular injection' lO APR 98: 1.0 cc intramuscular injection ' i j USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 012999Anthrax Page 1379 of 1446 -~2/18/2005 11:49 3016192152 FI=.ALLERGY BACT DIV DIVISION 73.1.Q3S2990 o PAGE 07/17 'P.d A-27-199B 9:3BAM .. UNlvaRSilY OF f!IJICHIGAN 'H.OSPll'Al.S OUToPATIENT NOTES . .. .. ? l&~tll,IMTE i NAME ere~~~. ~:)ofF OE?-'1 ~ - /{"$?-I VJ.if.N'D. -L-- b7C ~... ,, __ ,..,,, --~--- USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 013000Anthrax Page 1380 of 1446 . .. . ~2/18/2elel5 3016192152 F.ALLS:RGY d-27-1998 9;39AM 11:49 BACT DIV DIVISION 73119362990 o PAGE elB/17 P.5 ~...-_ _ _ _ _ _.....J! (Social Anthrax: Vaccination Summary; Security ~L------....1 b6 b7C Michigan Dept of Public Health lot # FAV016 expiration date 28 JUL 98 06 FEB 98: 0.5 cc subcutaneous injection ? 20 'FEB 98: 0.5 cc subcutaneous injection 06 MAR 98: 0.5 cc subcutaneous? injection Plague: Greer Laboratories. Inc. lot # 0904Zl expiration date 07 ?NOV 98 09 MAR 98: .1.0 cc intramuscular injection 10 APR 98: 1.0 cc intramuscular injection USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 013001Anthrax Page 1381 of 1446 ~~2/18/2005 11:49 3016192152 PAGE 09/17 -?-- ...... .._...._,.. .................. SGRD-UIM-s (40-Se) Date c;.f'O <1 ,d.:?' MEMORANDUM FOR I II ~--------------------~ 1 ?, ' ~ .; SUBJECT: Special Immunizations for special immunizations for the above~named individual have been completed as per the enclosed request. He/She has been immunized against circled agent(s). (?.) RiD R Bl'i' ill'i' #BE liB iDE JE 1b6 VEE H!l! VI? ' o. ~b7C 8Nif '101 I __________......!Special ....__ Immun1zations Bralch ?. ?. .. . . .. ,I '? ?.. , .. I ~; .. USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 013002Anthrax Page 1382 of 1446 ?. . .... 02/18/2005 11:49 3016192152 The University of Michigan oo BACT DIV o L...----...J PAGE 10/17 Medical Center Division of Allergy 3918 Taubman Center Ann Arbor MicP.igan 48109-0380 !Pax (313) 936-2990 December 5, 1997 Bruce Ivins, Ph.D. U.S. Army Research Institute for Infectious Dis~se Bacteriology Division 1425 Porter Street Fort Detr.i.ck, :MD 2.1702-5077 Dear Dr. Ivins: It was a pleasure spealdng with you the other day. I much appreciate your willingness to work with us concerning our new anti~sporicidal material. We ate looking forward to doing in vitro evaluating whether or not this material is effective against' anthrax spores given its efficacy against other species of bacillus spores. These studies would invoJ.ve mixing the ro.ater.ial wi.tb the spores fo.r. var.yi:ng lengths of time and then either separating the spores or culturing them directly to deterrn.ine the viabiU.ty. We might also do fixation of the spore preparations to determine if there are any ult:rastruc:tur.e changes in the spores that can be observed with electron microscopy. My technicians are fully trained in the contagious pathogen handling and have experience with level3 biosafety requirements, They, as T., are wnJing to undergo both the anthrax and plague immunizations, although I was hoping that we might be able to adminjster th.e vaccines at tn.e University of Michigan, This rolght allow us to only make one trip to USAMRID before we begin the studies. If we could either purchase the vaccine from? you or ftom. a commercial distributor, we. would be happy to then administer it and document titers in any way you feel appropriate. I look forward to the initiatio.n of thJs wor.k:. l believe it could be a very interesting collaboration that could eventually lead to animal studies. On December l9, commensurate with the filing of patents o:n this material, I will send you additional data on the fonnulations and out studles concerning the ability of these materials to inactivate spores both in vitro and in vivo. Sincerel USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 013003Anthrax Page 1383 of 1446 ?. . .._02/18/2005 11: 49 BACT DIV o I PAGE 11/17 The University of Michigan Medical Center Division ofAllergy and Immunology .a--1--e"t!-?tJI. f-...? o? 1'( >.1/'i..l.-:).? ~ :t.'"'' 3918 Taubman Center Ann Arbor. Mi?!Uge.n48109-0380 ~ax (313) 936-2990 May 10.1997 ??~ USAMRIID Dtseases bivision illactenal l425 Porter St. Ft. Detrick, :MD 21702-5011 De~~--------------~like to extend ?our thanks and My colleagues and I would aptpr.c:cialio.tLta..hcltlU~ Ivins for the opportunity to work at USAMRIID. Dr. Ivins, I lwere very helpful and cooperative in facilitating ou~r~s~u....,te_s_as w..,.e,.....,.a"'"s""'pr.,..~ovidi.ng .... __ ex.ce.llent technical assistance. Their efforts made our stay at USAMRIID both pleasant and highly productive. In par.ticular, our discussions with Dr. Ivi.ns provided valuable insights whi.ch will enable us to better define and develop our technology. The data generated in these studies serves to clarify and validate the results which we have seen in our model systems (see attachments). We were able to block growth of both strains of B. anthracis with emulsion i:ncorpor~ted media (Table 1). We also were successful in reducing both Vollum and Ames spore counts by 95% (as assessed by CFU of viable organisms). These reductions were observed at spore concentrations up to 1 X 106/ml (Fi.gur.e 1), and were seen even in conditions which limited germinatlon (room temperature incubation). Decreased :numbers of spores also were identified microscopically in the media after treatment. In contrast, no reduction in counts was noted with an initial spore inoculum of 1 X 108/ml (Figure 2). These conditions probably overwhelm the emulsion given that the concentration of spores is approaching the concentration of lipid vesicles. However, extremely high spore concentrations may alter the effect of the lipid in other ways and we ar.e designing experiments with inhibitors of germiQation used at lower spore densities to clarify this result. We were pleased with this outcome and the personal interaction that produced them., Given the non"toxic nature of these emulsions, we feel th.at they may have a role in the decontamination and tr.eatment of agents such as anthrax and alphavirus. We look forward to future collaborative efforts with Dr. Ivins and his laboratory staff. With the diverse nature of our respective programs, we beljeve that a cooperative app.r.oach will serve to accelerate the development of these compounds. I pivision or Allergy USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 013004Anthrax Page 1384 of 1446 <' ?~ ... ,62/18/21305 11:49 BACT DIV o Volluro lB "'x .. PAGE 15/17 TABLE 1: ?dilution. Experiment from 5-5-98: Microemusions incorporated in TSA at l:lOO B. anthracis spore~ I Mict'oemulsion Ames strain USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 013005Anthrax Page 1385 of 1446 o' . FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o M e. 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of trans~ription #: Street, the Unite Infectious Dise Special Agent (SA)~----~----~- Investigation (FBI) on the morning of February 18, 2005 and provided the following information: .___ ____,ladvisedD had some additional information for SA b7C ! ! a g r e e d to contact the FBI shouldDrecall any additionat-pertlnent information. Investigation on (telephonically) ~\~'\,<; File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Date dictated by~ I USAMRIID Section 20.pdf This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 013006Anthrax Page 1386 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 12 86- b6, b7C 87 ~ b6, b7C 140- b6, b7C, b7F 141- b6, b7C, b7F 142 ~ b6, b7C, b7F 143- b6, b7C 179- ReferraL'Drrect ! 89 ~ ReferraL'Dit-ect 190- ReferraL'Drrect 191- ReferraL'Drrect 193 ~ b7F 194- b7F USAMRIID Section 20.pdf 013007Anthrax Page 1387 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10?6-95) o r - 1- ?o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ,------_,on January 12, 2oo7, I date of birth I social security nuffiber I I was interviewed ~t~e-1~e-p-h~o-n~i-c~ally via United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , telephone number After being advised of the identity of the agent oa-n~~t~n?e~p-u_r_p_o s~e of __ the interview, I I'provided the following information: are no on er at USAMRIID. \ ?fermentors. Bio Flow III ~t~e~fl'!."'!"l~r~s~t~o~f~~t~w~o~c~~~r~a""!c;;:;;:=;s;;=:::;w~i~t'-h-;KB~I~w:-:;:h2 i-:c~h:--e::-:n::ol."::tai led the transfer of dvised that this was fermentors ~ I Ireiterated tha~ never used the 5 L Bio Flow III fermen~tioned above. could not recall the exact physical location for this fermen or but was sure it was not located in I I area in Building 1425.1 Iopined that the fermentors would have been decontaminated before being transfe~ ed to KBI. I lcould not recall who the actual recei holder fol::". is fermentor was a other individuals at USAMRIID able to provide that recise informatio~n~.---,~~~~~ general time frame of as to when 1 Investigation on --~--~-------- 1/12/2007? at ------------~----~------~----~--------~~----- Frederick, Maryland (telephonically) File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID PI /&5""7 Date dictated January 12, 2007 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your ngency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; (r#P/Y~,? 023 . v~;(J USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013008Anthrax Page 1388 of 1446 ~ FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) ' ''?'it: o r !recalled thatl o 1/12/2007 I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L_________________ j -______________ ,On I I b7C lwas of the belief thatl Sincel lnever used the 5 L Bio Flow III fermentor, questions pertaining to its usagec==Jindicated could best be answered by contacting!~--------------------------~ After the initial telephone conversation withl I lcalled this agent approximately 25 minutes later and volunteered the following information: ende~, would assist investig~torsl ~in golng tot e library at USAMRIID and identifying thosea notebooks possibly associated with research involving the 5 L Bio Flow III fermentor in question. I !advised that IVINS volunteered his assistance but that he would not be able to speak directly with investigators, and that communications would have to be through ?his attorney. I ladv'ised that IVINS also recalled having discussions and input withl !before the 5 L Bio Flow III fermentor was purchased. The dlscussions dealt with the justification and/or 1 ? behind purchasing the fermentor. IVINS also relayed to that he recalled! !having some difficulty operating w ferfentor onfe the purchase went through and that this resulted in_ _having to call the manufacturer, New Brunswick, and resolve the issues. earl~er I !relayed thatl lspoken concerning the 5 L Bio Flow III fermentor issues telephone conversation. IVINS suq~ested IVINS the that he USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013009Anthrax Page 1389 of 1446 "J FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 01/1 7 /2 0 0 7 Account Number (SSAN) : re-arran ed, at p ace of a.t-t.he-U.:r:l.i-t.ed-S..ta t e s ~-=--~7-.,.,...--:..."r--;::R:-e-s_e_a r_c'""'~'""--:;:~~r-:--.--~.....-.:;I.l:J..f..e:-"'l....__ ..c--t:-:-J_O......s D:i seas.e.s (USAMRt I D) ll Fort Detrick, Maryland, work ~number: r on fhe afternoon of January 17, 2007. After being advised of the~ identity of the interviewing Special Agent (SA) and the nature of the interview, I !provided the following information: was (WFO NOTE: enclosed in the FD-340 associated with ?communication are USAMRIID floor plansl lwas provided for review.) b6 I !advised there was a five (5) liter (L) fermentor located wlthln thec:J hot suite in USAMRIID building 1425. I I further advised this 5 L fermentor was located in rooml lon the provided USAMRIID floor plans. I ppined the 5 L fermentor was manufactured by New Brunswick. ~----~ was knowled eable of the 5 L f rmentor the hot suites in USAMRIID 1425 and eable of fermentor's use; however, ~--~-~~~~--~~~--~-~-~ unaware of anyone using it, and opined the 5 L fermentor there. I !reiterated to the best of ecollection recalled observin the 5 L fermentor in use . I ertainin I ladvisedc==Jhad no derogatory information to the following USAMRIID em lo ees who were in the on similar da s and or times 0 6 b7C ---------------------.......l...ID{FQ?~ Investigation on File# by ----=~-=----- 01/17/2007 at Fort Detrick, Maryland 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID SA -J(_p5'6 Date dictated ~--------~-- N /A This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013010Anthrax Page 1390 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o recalled entered the o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - - , On 01/17/2 0 07 , Page -2- I ladvise~had?also been in the B3 hot suite in USAMRIID 1425. I !advised to the best ofr---lrecollection there was no lyophilizer in the B3 hot suiteilh0Wever I I ~ned the lyophilizer was located in the B5 suite. I !advised L_jhad no derogatory information pertaining to the following USAMRIID personnel who were in the suite on da s and or 1 ladvisedc::]had no knowledge of when the 5 L fermentor was urchased b USAMRIID nor who a ID purchased iti however, paper work that would he p to ocument t e same. agreed to contact writer at a later date and advise the results ofc===Jsearch. I USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013011Anthrax Page 1391 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription At I, HlFOP..HA.TI 0111 CmiTAnTED A te agents and the purpose of provided the following information: interview~ng at the United States Army~~~~~~~~ch 'seases (USAMRIID) in the b7C indicated that recently ther is very little talk of the AMERITHRAX investigation throughout USAM IID. to the dr over a aerosol ~c-o--n~d~u-c_t_e_d~~~?n---r~ooml__jof building~~====~==~~==:~~=~=~~:~~~~:~========== The purpose of th~s prOJect was to r~ ge t e gap etween wet aerosolization techniques as the model for studying a disease which in the real world would be caused by a dry aerosol. I elaborated that if conducting aerosol vaccine challenges u~s~i-n_g__ a--~ wet suspension of Ba spores did not accurately reflect a disease (e.g. inhalational anthrax) caused by a dry aerosol then the results of the model had limited ~lue. The purpose of the bridging study was to demonstrate at a wet aerosol vaccine challenge was a suitable model. USAMRIID was direc~t~e~d~b~----~o~~a~t~t~e~m~p~t~t~o~a~e~r~o~o~lr~~?-z~e~------------------~~ Wo~erformed by I project was I I designated area at the time. b6 I I explained that during this proj ectl !inquired about possibility of using a dried biological agent. However, the administration at the USAMRIID denied the use of dried biolo ical a ents due to their dual use erce tion. Investigation on File# by ----~~------- 01/12/2007 at ~--------------------~~------------------------ --~~~!:~1_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_-_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_-_-_-_~_=_~~~:~::~~~~~~---------------------------USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID \ {n(o ~ Date dictated 01/16/2007 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 013012Anthrax Page 1392 of 1446 ... . FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID ?Continuation ofFD-302 of _ _.__________...J--------- ,On 01/16/2007 ,Page _...::2::.___ b6 !considered :this project just another ofl I !conveyed that there were discussions! about attainin dried Bacillus anthracis Ba . Discuss~i-o_n_s----~ detailed that could be contracted to provide th~s mater~al. There was a so ~scussion as to whether or not the material acquired would need to be milled, and if so, from where would a mill be obtained. I !described that the use of dried biological agents was deemed out of the question by the administration due to its dual use implications. has no recollection of iscussions was along well furthered this b amongst some o at USAMRIID. on the dried '----------~ ~----~~ldoes not recall there being a cease and desist order, however the project died on its own when the word came down that there would be no dried biolo ical a ents used. I I admitted that due to the appl i cabi 1 it y ._a_n-.....---....--------':""'1""--:---:-....--~.-s--p-r--o-.J-e-c-:-t--.--...--......~ actual threat dynamics. ~---~~~lknew of some Bacillus globigii (Bg) that was on site for use with the Ultra Violet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, which is a component of the bio-detectors used throughout USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013013Anthrax Page 1393 of 1446 ., .. FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ J - - - - - - - - - , On 01/16/2 007 , Page _...::;3__ Washington, D.C. This particle sizer used UV light fluoresce to detect biological agents. This machine was tested with both live aerosolized Bg as well rs Bg that had been killed using formaldehyde. I stated that had a vasue recollection of the acquisition of dried Bg for theC:: I n I lhas limited contact withl I after havino an I I I believes thatl I Idescribed n as a I I who USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013014Anthrax Page 1394 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page _ _4;;:..,__ b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _________ j - - - - - - - - - . On 01 I 16 I 2 0 0 7 I I however, does not recall ever speaking of the AMERITHRAX investigation, interviews, or po ygraphs. I I believes c:::::J took issue or offense to the investigation, rainll due to its abil~to tarnishr---lreputation, but also due to belief t~at~as above those involved in the investigat1on. I Jexpressed thatc:::::Jvould be "shocked" ifl lhad any involvement in the anthrax mailings. I lhas no recollection of anyone in thel at the time mailings who growing or preparing b'~a-c~t-e-r~i~a-.----~ does not recall any large quantities of Ba in being stored 1ngl lat or around the time of the mailings aside from particular batches brought over for specific aerosol challenges (these samples were autoclaved in the hood-lines when the challenge was complete) . b?c I ~as no knowledge of any Ba fermentation being performed, but believes the current spore production procedure and acauisition of wet spore preparations is perceived as an issue. ~~~~~!elaborated by saying that spore preparations provided by BRUCE IVINS lack overall consistency in preparation parameters between batches. This consistency diminished along with the Dugway producid spores (writer believes these Dugway sopres to be RMR 1029).. !believes that IVINS grows batches of spores in order to meet the quantitative demand, with little parameter consistency between batches. I lwas not involved ~roviding samples for the 2002 subpoena of Ba stocks, nor doesL_Jrecall anyone from the I lbeing invol .ed either. However does not believe these individual were involved with the mailing and restated thatc::Jcould not believe thatl I was involved. Ide scribed I However,~~----~jbel1eves ~~--------------------------~ ....-----------------------------------~-~-- USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013015Anthrax Page 1395 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - , On 01/16/2 0 07 , Page --5- ~--~--~!believes that in the wake of the 2001 anthrax attacks that there has been a steady decline in funding to biological programs at USAMRIID. lcould not remember any specific programs which were in jeopardy at the time of the mailings, but knows that tularemia (caused by Francisella tularensis), 0 fever, and Rift Valley Fever research had all been tabled! lat USAMRIID. I lwas asked if any of Trek fans and indicated thatl D co-workers were big Star I At approximately 2: 07 pm on the same afternoon, I re-contacted SA's I lin order to orovide ~-----_. information aboutl I I In I I absence, I I Original notes from this interview will be kept in the FD-340 section of the file, Serial 1A-7123. D1606a.302 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013016Anthrax Page 1396 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o . 1. o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 01/16/2007 date of birth: of Infectious b7C r---ldoes reca l the 2002 subpoena request for Bacillus anthracis~ strains as hallway talk during I I I I along with SA I I went through stocks of samplef ~g the subs~~ent consent search of USAMRIID inl "did not know I _ whether or not I I was made aware of 1 or complied with ~e 2002 subpoena. lor ~--~bxplained that was provided Ba in individual aliquots by BRu?~~~~~~r---~~o~e~s~n~ot recall ever seeing stocks of Ba being stored 1412. These aliquots Investigation on File# by ------~~-------- 0111212007 at Frederick, Maryland Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIIDSA SA 0 1 I 16 I 2 0 0 7 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013017Anthrax Page 1397 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I I arewl o 01/12/2007 ,Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ __ J - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,On --=2__ were used during the aerosol challenge and subsequently destroyed prior to being removed from the hoodline. lin roomr--lback in b6 mic ~~not recall jny~n~ else ~n thel lwho grew any' -organisms. has not seen a termentor used ~n Building lbv researchers ~n either thel lor the lknew fermentors were located in building I but he didn't believe they were used in 2001. After the September 11, 2001 attacks! ~-~-~~~-~~~~----~------~-~~-~-~~ the After the Ba attacks of 2001 researchers were required to enter containment suites with another person (i.e. the buddy system) and the Elite Roaming Observation Force (EROF) was instituted. The EROF was tasked with performing random checks of the containment suites. I I during the post September 11 2001 attacks,! I c:::Jexplained thatl laerosol research was mainly to take the ex~st~ng s stems used for aerosolizing agents and attempt to im rove them. explained th~a~t~~----~----~------------~~ believed that was able to ~---:-.....1 identified IVINS as someone in the division who had t~e exJertise to produce the Ba used in the 2001 mailings, however, believes that IVINS only works with wet I I USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013018Anthrax Page 1398 of 1446 ----- --------------- FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ __ J r - - - - - - - - - - - - , On 01/12/2 0 07 , Page--=--- spores. I !explained that IVINS ~u lies the Ba spores for the Aerobiology division, most of which be ieves were produced by Dugway Proving Ground and purified y IVI S. Original notes from this interview as well as a Nondisclosure Agreement signed byl lon January 12, 2007 will be kept in the FD-340 section of the file, Serial 1A-7122. D1607b.302 b7C USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013019Anthrax Page 1399 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Date of transcription 01/2 6 /2 0 0 7 After eing advised of the agents and the p rpose of the the following information: lbegan working at the United States Army Medical Research I~n-s-t~1-:-.t~u-t~e_. of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) on I I was originally hired as I I ~--------------------~~immediate su ervi or at USAMRIID was superv1sor an ----------~~~~----~1-w_a_s~oriqinallv Due to I I previous experience with the I tasked bvl I I lbelJ.eves thatl !worked on this project for about I I that they had to stop working with drJ.ed powder aerosol1zat1on due to its duel use implication~ !worked on this project alone in building 1412, suite (onl arts of this suite are classified as a containment area) . did not activel work or even corroborate with nor was informed that ldid not have an over...._t,...h....-e_u_s_e_. the knowled r receJ.~'v_e_d~-a~l~l---d~i~r-e_c_t~i-o_n_o_n~~~--~~~~-~---, b7C ~---~~h-a-d~n-o-~i~nteraction with~~----~~~~~~~~~-~ onsequently,l !believes the I !believes that all notebooks~c~r~e~a~~e~~~~~~~~~~~ project would have been property of USAMRIID ?be at that facility. While at USAMRIID, I I knew of a bottle of dried (Bg) that was kept in a walk-in refrigerator in building 1412. I I indicatedJ I Bacillus globi~ii Investigation on File# by __ 0_1~1_2_3~1_2_00_7 atLI______~-M_a_ry~_la_n_d ___ ____________________________ Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID 01I 26I 2007 ~------------------------------~---------------------------------- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013020Anthrax Page 1400 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o I o , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation,ofFD-302 of L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, t - - - - - - - - - , On 01 /2 3 /2 0 0 7 ____;==--- lworked with Bacillus anthracis (Ba) J I lwhile at USAMRIID. Add~tionally 1 lworked on1 I studies for lused' al k: .,_, ) ~~-~~~ no knowledge of any Ba being stored in building 1412 while was at USAMRIID. L ]stated that all Ba was provided by iiluu~~~~ for individual studies 1 at the time ?the experiments were ake place. ~------~!believes that 1 of the scientists at USAMRIID 1 IVINS has the knowledge to perpetrate the 2001 anthrax mailings. I !believes that many of the individuals at USbM;IID could be considered odd 1 but added thatl J individual. !worked with~~~~~r--~~~ Jcharacter~ze r-----------------~lh~a-s_c_o_n~t~i-n_u_e~d contact with~-~~ ~---~lhas heard nothing about the Amerithrax investigat~on through these contacts. lat USAMRIID. I Original notes from this interview will be kept in the FD-340 section of the file 1 Serial 1A-7132. I lw~a~s~a~?~~~~~~~ Q2607a.302 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013021Anthrax Page 1401 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o .,. t o -1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ALL Hl'FOJ:!MATIm~ ~" ~"~':,.,.. ~T'I.mo,-, HERE HJ I 3 IDJC LAS 5 IF IED 01/31/2 0 07 ~~~------~----~~----~~----~of birth: ~I------~--~ social secur1ty account number work telephone number I I, was interviewed at place of employment, the U.S. ~Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) located at L___jPorter St. Frederick, Maryland. After being advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the purpose of the interview! !provided the following information: ~--~--~~--~----~~a project aimed at evaluating the feasability of conducting a dry aerosol Bacillus anthracis (Ba) vaccine challenge was initiated. The purpose of the study was to determine the breakthrough point for the recombinant protective antigen (rPA) Ba vaccine, in other words, what concentration of Ba spores would cause the vaccine to fail. Using the wet aerosol systems in place at the time, a high enough concentration of Ba spores could not be achieved. However, generation of a dry aerosol of Ba spores was expected to provide a sufficient concentration of spores thus achieving this breakthrough point. Additionally, a dry aerosol more closely resembles the type of Ba exposure a so~on t~e battle field would likely encounter. For these reasons,L___j fel-t that to demonstrate the true efficacy of the vaccine, they needed to evaluate it against this more applicable threat. I !indicated that the dried aerosol project never got off the ground. Some equipment was purchased and only preliminary experiments were performed using inert dusts or avirulent simulants. The 'ec as a result, the dry Discussions about Specifically, discussions as to whether spores would be produced at USAMRIID obtained externally through DUGWAY PROVING GROUND ensued. recalled no discussions with other de artments a producing dried Ea. I an -I at Investigation on File# --'------'----- 01/30/2007 Frederick, Maryland This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ~ ~!II~----------------------------------------- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID - I {o Lo '{? Date dictated 07/31/2007 b6 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013022Anthrax Page 1402 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , On 01/3 0/2 0 07 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - , Page _ _:2::..__ ay~ng w~t equ~pment an was ~ntereste ~n try~ng caoabilitv to qenerate drv aerosols at USAMRIID. ~ lmay have helped with th~s work. I I may have also been involved with the project. I !believed that this work was conducted in the~~--------------------~llocated in building! I 0 ocument I I described I I as: I w~ USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013023Anthrax Page 1403 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , On 01/3 0/2 007 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___Jt---- , Page--=-- Ba spores used by the Aerobiology group were always provided by BRUCE IVINS, who was known as the 11 star spore grower. 11 The spores would be brought to building 1412 just before the challenges and were not stored in building 1412. If a challenge was going to span a few days then the spores were brought to building 1412 before the challenge and stored in the Aerobiology laboratory until needed. If material intended for a challenge went missing it would not be noticed. There were only a few shaker/incubators in building 1412, so if s were growing large quantities of Ba it would stand out. knew that s Ames was stored in Growth of bacteria in buildin done o one J.n in building Regarding the Federal Grand Jury subpoena requiring the submission of all samples of Ba Ames to the FBI in the spring of a discussion as to which samples I I USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013024Anthrax Page 1404 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) . 0 ' o L ______________ j - - - - - , On 01/3 0/2 0 07 , Page --=4'--b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of needed to be submitted. The discussions centered on the definition of the la~e in the subpoena for the terms stock and "working stock." L___Jindicated that the sample I I had would fall under a "working stock" and therefore it would not need to be submitted to the FBI because the stock from which it came would have been submitted by IVINS. r---lrecalled first hearing that small amounts of dried Ba were e~made or kept at USAMRIID during a meeting after the anthrax mailin s occurred. explained these spores were used [Other sources indicate that t ese spores were 1rra pr1or to being drie1.] Upon hearing this I Jat the time, becam~e~v~e~r~y~u~p~s~e~t-.---------------~ I !opined that the Personal Responsibility Program (PRP) instituted at USAMRIID "sucks," and it is difficult to apply the rules of the PRP, which was intended for research in the nuclear field, to the biological field. indicated that the PRP is not functional for civilian employees because they can't force emlloyees to submit to a drug test. I I I _had their access to the containment suites revoked due to the PRP. I I whomc==J~ed had the capabilities to perpetrate the anthrax r----lwould not provide names of individuals at USAMRIID mail1ngs. I !indicated that there were a lot of weird scientists at USAMRIID and would not want to see an innocent person held responsible for the anthrax mailings. obtained! from the University of1 1 obtained! I I I I I frC"lm t-.hF> r University ofl ~--~~ expressed concern that if it is shown that the perpetrator of the anthrax mailings was a USAMRIID employee or the Ba spores used in the mailings came from USAMRIID that it would USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013025Anthrax Page 1405 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o , Page-==--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L--------------.....1---- ,On 01/3 0/2 0 07 destroy the institute and that the new USAMRIID building would be "down the tubes." r---lwas presented with a non-disclosure agreement which c===Jsigne~is will be placed in the lA section of the file. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013026Anthrax Page 1406 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o -1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 02/15/2007 On 02/08/2007 Special Agentl !received a telephonic voice mail message from BRUCE EDWARD IVINS, of the Bacteriology Division of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. IVINS relayed, for information, thatl lof the USAMRIID, I I telephone! I I I miqht be a person to speak with regarding I I I lat USAMRIID. According to IVINS, I Investigation on ----~~-------- 02/08/2007 at Fort Detrick, Maryland J (telephonically) 007 File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- (0f 3 Date dictated ~ ~L::)~s~A~~o~4~6~o~2~.~w~p~a~------L------------------------------------------------- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013027Anthrax Page 1407 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AL 1 IHFOP.l?IATI mr CmiTAI111ED HEREHJ uc 01 I 2 8 I 2 0 0 7 ~----------------~ voluntarily provided the following information: In D I lwas asked to relay the perceived impressions fromc::=Jformer USAMRIID coworkers in regards to the invest1qation into the anthrax mailings of 2001. ~~~------~ ~----~~~IIVINS found it stressful to meet with the FBI he hired a law er it had been better. in a while and not said anything to Irelayed to the interviewers that c=J was. Durinoll time in the hot suites at USAMRIID. I I ...._ _____ 1 ...... !IVINS had figured out how to make good spores . at Investigation on 5 007 File# by 27 9A-WF-222 93 6-USAMRIID .;_ l (o SA PI ~----------------------~~---------------------Date dictated NI A 7 ~-------------~--- This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013028Amhra>< Page 1408 of 1446 0Alm.wgfA~ 6A BACK PAGE 21 pdf. 013029Anthrax Page 1409 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 1/2 5/2 0 07 , Page 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - , On ---=2=--- ~--~--~------~-~-~~-e 1eve t ere m1g a project that IVINS was involved with requiring the large amount of Ba spores, however, did not remember details. een of a lworked were geared for Most of the projects! publications, although since USAMRIID was a military institution not all of the projects would be published. Occasionally I I worked on Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) projects, but didn't remember what they were. I lcould not remember all of the details to the projects because of the time lapse, but believed could remember more details if c=Jlooked at c:::J laboratory notebooks. D Bes1 es laboratory notebooks, did not believe there was a system for tracking the amount of Ba spores made, then used or destroyed. ~----~~!perceived the normal laboratory hours to start between the morning hours of 7:00AM to 9:00AM and last through 5:00PM, although there would be occasions when someone would come in later. If someone came in on the weekend it was to look at the animals/count the dead animals. This could take approximately two hours and was usually a one-person job. ~ lwas shown a 28-page graphic representation of the I I hot suite usage from September 11, 2001 through Octo~ 2001. Each page represented a individual day, marked USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013030Anthrax Page 1410 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) b6 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L_____________r-________________ ,On1/25/2007 , Page _.....:3=---- with the date and the identity of the persons who accessed the suite along with their corresponding time of access and duration. 15 of the 28 days depicted IVINS accessing the laboratory outside of the normal work hours c:::J described above. to comment on why believed this would could not s escr1bed IVINS as having weird behavior. to take showers in the suites on days that he was not working. He did this to get away from his home or use the internet, etc. I lacknowledg~d IVINS was quirky with unusual social skills and depression, but didn't believe he did it [anthrax mailing]. IVINS thought of his office and the hot suite as a safe place. I stated that even prior to September 11th IVINS struggled w1th a:eoression familv issues and ...J wit-h hAing himself. I I was odd. He fluctuations I It was common knowledge that he arano1d and USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013031Anthrax Page 1411 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~l________ J - - - - - - - - - - - , On 1/2 5/2 0 0 7 , Page _ _ 4;;.___ was shown a highlighted portion in an email from IVINS ated 03/04/01. The portion read: 11 (Obviously one says that he or she is about to commit a crime, you should share it with the right people.) Confidentiality is to much to ask of you, so perhaps I should just take the Celexa an let whatever is going to happen take its course. 11 stated that this didn't raise any redflags with because he had a guilty conscious about everything, 1ncluding old memories, etc. Whenl lfirst met IVINS, he was more conservative, but over time his views became more liberal. He recognized that there was a grey area, not just black and white. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013032Anthrax Page 1412 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o D 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID lwas asked who the FBI should look toward at USAMRIID 11-n-r_e_g_a_r_d~s to the investigation. replied that obviously IVINS should be looked at. only knew b lwas not familiar with~----------~ by face. I Iwas asked how c:::Jbelievedgerson at USAMRIID could have accomplished this crime. believed that getting ~ aerosolize for the challenges was J.fficult enough. L__jbelieved that the most difficult aspect of growing enough spores to commit the mailing would be finding enough ~e in the shakers. There was one shaker inl l one in L__jand one inl !believed that in order to obtain the room needed to accomplish such a growing, someone would have to borrow other laboratory space. I lalso offered that Ba could have been grown in smaller frames of time and then stored in a freezer until it was needed. ~ ldoes not know how to dry Ba or how to use a Lyophilizer.~also thinks that removing such a large amount of Ba from the suites would be a big task. He had an email account that was not provide that to the interviewers in contact with I I USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013033Anthrax Page 1413 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of L-----------~----------------__ 1/25/2007 ,Page --6- lsigned a non-disclosure agreement at the beginning._o-..,.f--:-t-:-h-e---:-i..nterview. D also initialed and dated the . back of the two documents previously mentioned in the interview. All of these items were placed in the 1A section of the file at 1A-7147. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013034Anthrax Page 1414 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o On occasionr an e-mail from I o? o - 1Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 12/11/2006 Individual who is in a position to testifyr provided the following information: ! o b6 Individual alleges that e-mail, t1ons are str1ctly work related ?in nature. Individual ed that he she has in the ast Individual acknowled ed that at some __________________________________________________________b2 Investigation on File# ____.:..____;_________ 11/28/2006 at Washington, D.C. 1 I .-, c Date dictated 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID""I....._.~..&-~o.:-----, by ___ ~_i~l-______1~-----------------------------------------------fi[?A/~?. . 12/10/2006 111is document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ::<.3 .0I0 0 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013035Anthrax Page 1415 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o Individual recalled thatl o , Page ---=2=--- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID _ _____,I:!: ,:ini:.:!: d>=.:!: .iv...l!...::!:i~d~u~a:!:.:il=--------------- , On 11/2 8/2 0 0 6 Continuation ofFD-302 of I b6 b7D Throuqh the many conversations Individura~l~jL-________._1__~ I Individual recalled thatl I Individual recalled that I IVINS, despite USAMRIID's disapproval! I conducted environmental swabbing of h~s var~ous adm~n~strat~~ work areas at USAMRIID. IVINS was concerned about contamination be ause of\concerns exoressed to himl I \. !IVINS nad an obsess~e/compulsive personality.! USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013036Anthrax Page 1416 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6?95) o o b7C b7D 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013037Anthrax Page 1417 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 0212612007 b7C On 0212312007 Special Agent (SA)~I~~~~~~~ received a telephone call from BRUCE EDWARD IVINS of the Bacteriology Division of the u.s. Army Medical Research ~~~~~:ti~~ ~! ~~!!if:hu;sb~~s~:~:l~ejo~~ 0~efrick, 1 sento several ID employees was provided guidance to USAMRIID personnel regarding interactions with FBI Agents. IVINS forwarded the e-mail, which is attached hereto and considered a part of this document, to SAl I USAMR ~fn~i~~~~DIVI~~f :~~ail Marvland, I Investigation on 02 2312007 at --------------~--~~--------------------------Date dictated Fort File# 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID -\ {o:J (p OS /01. wpd 0 2 I 2 6I 2 0 0 7 by -cJ I(Telephonically) It is the property of the FBI and Is loaned to your agency; This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013038Anthrax Page 1418 of 1446 J ' -.,! FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) .. - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 02/08/2007 ----------~O~n~F~e~b~r~uary 1,2007, ~~------------~~--~-=~~~~=; ~~------~--~----~~s~o~c~1~?a~l~~s~ecurity account nu .. _~~~--~~--~ phone numbe~r~~--------------._~w~a~s~1=?n~t~e~r~v~i~e~w~e~d~~~--~~~~~~~ located at~~---r--------------~~=---~~~--~~--~--=-~----~ telephone number After being advised of tr:.::h::..:e=-------, identity of the agents and the purpose of the interview,~~----~~ signed a Non-Disclosure Agreement form which was placed 1n a FD-340 and maintained in the 1A subfile. I I provided the follo~ing information: ~----~ .----------__._________. .l,..c.,.o""n"'1'tirmed that . was previously employed as a . .lat the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID} from1 I D !received al I !from die University I .~~?,ijI degree o lpr1or tof l l n 7'- During I advised- I I at USAMRIID I r I Investigation on --~--~------- o2 I o1 I 2 oo7 at ~------------------------~----------------------Date dictated File# by 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID- \ (o SA PI 0 2 I 08 I 2 0 07 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013039Amhra>< Pags1419 ?f1446 BACK PAGE 21 MHT 013040Anthrax Page 1420 of 1446 ??' FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o - - L_ _ _ _ _ _ _J - - - - - - - - - - , On b6 b7C 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of 02 /01/2 0 07 , Page--=--- I at researc Ba. [:]conducted all ofl that incident tol I le~ried that !work inl except on one or two occasions/ I at USAMRIID.r--ladvised I ~--~--~------~~--~~ Ther~ was a period in time whenl__Jwas required to assist with some aerosol animal challenges in building 1412 andc::Jneeded to be fully immunized. c::Jexplained that building 1412 was not compartmentalized like building 1425 and that the entire building.was treated as if it were hot. have been asked on one or to conduct research in the I I or to fill in for an absent or sick L-----:---r~-==..:::==-==_.;::;=:=..---1 rna y have done this on an occasion or two but could not provide any specifics about nature of activit other than the work most likely involved explained that this was a basic fundamental task. would simply follow the instructions which were left for c:::J to follow. in building ~----~~~~~~~~~~--may ,...;;;.,;.;.,;;;,.....;;...;;...;;..;;,;,;;;..;;;;..;;.;;.;;.;;;..:.__;;;,;; 1..--:----:------:::T ~~~----~}simplistically categorized the various lab areas I ~s the following: lab area where botulism research was conducted. lab area where tularemia research was conducted. lab area where anthrax research was conducted. lab area where anthrax research was conducted which also housed various fermentors. BSL-1 lab area/ not a hot suite. b2 F' b7C USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013041Anthrax Page 1421 of 1446 t I FD-302a (Rev. 10?6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - L - - - - - - - - . . . J - - - - - - - - - - - ,On 02/01/2007 ,Page-....:::=..-- b6 b7C I I further volunteered thatc==]mainc a locker in the locker room located in the cold side of th suites.c==J stated tha~ !entered the locker room an a jac~e~n~t--~ change/shower room to take a shower and/or use the toilet. I I explained that in order to access the shower roo~mhad to enter I I digit personal identification code. 1ntimated that access to JUSt the locker area did not require t e use of a unique personal identification code. c:Jadvised that initially access to the shower areas could be gained via the cold side locker room but at some point,Ocould not recall when, access to the showers was curtailed in a way that access could only be gained to the showers by entering from the hot suites. To enter the hot suites one must enter their personql identification code. When given an opportunity to viewl access records! IUSAMRIID kev card When asked to explainc===Jresponse to a question during interview?with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) on lwherebyr=lresponded thatr=ldoes not go fnto the USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013042Anthrax Page 1422 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --L..--------...1----------o0n 02/0l/2007 ,Page_-=--- Questioning ofl !continued asc::Jwas asked a variety of uestions deal~1~.n--w~i~t~h back round related issues. I Regarding a~-~---~----~-~~-~--~-------~~~ lcou not reca surrounding this purchase. uestionin n confirmed. that I I Subsequent to being advised that significant information has been developed which indicates a strong possibility that the perpetrator of the anthrax laced letter mailings in 2001 may have at one time or another worked at USAMRIID,I ~volunteered that the only two USAMRIID employeesc::Jcould o 1ne asavin something to do with the anthrax letters would be or BRHCE IVINS.! I suggested these two indiv1 ua s par y ecause of their expert1se with Ba and partly because of their personality traits. ~~~-~!characterized IVINS as being eccentric, funny, and simply different,always appearing to be in a good mood. IVINS is one of the foremost anthrax vaccine experts at USAMRIID.' ~~------~ further volunteered that IVINS has in the editor of the Frederick News Post. t at IVINS is quite a good juggler and unicycle rider as well. I !advised thatc::Jwas not aware if IVINS favored a particular political view but had heard a rumor that he had shipped a sample of Ba to the Iraqis. I lcould not provide any further USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013043Anthrax Page 1423 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of ~l________j - - - - - - - - ; _ __ _ , On 0 2/01/2 0 0 7 , Page _-=::,._ _ b7C information pertaining to this rumor.l lalso advised that IVINS does not have a harmful bone in his body. As far as susnectinol I I advised thatl__Jderived a lot of r---l~i~n-f~o-r-m-a~t~i-o_n_a~b~o-u~t~t~h-e_a_n~t~h~r-a~x-1aced letter mailings from a book titled Biohazard and from various rumors floating around. ~------~~------~~~~~n,l:roi'~~:P~n~rhat~l--~----~--~--~==~==~--~1 lwhilei lwas employed at USAMRIID. As a follow-up to a previous question pertainino to b6 L-----,......,.-...,....-----,~----,--~~1 stated that sometJ.me around! I Fort Detrick shut down the old athletic facility while they began construction on a new facility. During the construction of the new athletic facility, Fort Detrick erected a temporar athletic facilit which the nicknamed the 11 Hot Dome. 11 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013044Anthrax Page 1424 of 1446 --- - ---------- ( o o l. ' FD-302a (Rev. I 0-6-95) o --1...--------J----'--------- ,On 02/01/2 0 0 7 , Page --6- 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of When asked ifc==Jwould be willing to submit to a polygraph examination,! !initially expressed doubts about the reliability of polygraph examination results and expressed a hesitancy to submit to one. I !expressed concern that the line of questioning during a~graph ex~mination would extend into other personal areas ofL__jlife that would have no correlation as to whether or notc::Jwas involved with the anthrax laced letter mailings in 2001. After being informed that the line of questioning during a polygraph examination would not srral from the topic of the anthrax mailings, I !advised that would probably submit to the examination but would need more time to think about it. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013045Anthrax Page 1425 of 1446 .. I 11'11< ) FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION On Febr 21 2007 date of birth: ~~:..l:..~:!:.L.~~.!...L-'-...,.-----.:::~-------,r-w-a_s _ _ ___. _ interviewed at of em b6 fter being advised of the 1dert1ty rf the interv1ewing agents and the purpose of the interview, provided the following information: .___ ___.I worked in the I Iat States Army Medical Research I~n--s~t~i~t-u~t~e---o~f~I~n-f~e--c~t~i-o_u_s~Di (USAMRIID) from worked with.-----1o..----.. This work did not continue for two reasons, dried agents are difficult to contain and decontaminate and dried agents have duel use implications. Ba simulants were not considered by Aerobiology due to the fact that their facility had the capability to use virulent agents. I lwas mainly interested in the physiological effects of an agent on the animal, and because an animal's p~ysiological response was achievable using either wet or dry agent aerosols, the dried project was not initiated. worked for Investigation on File# ----~~------- 0212112007 at ~------------------~----------------------------Date dictated 27 9A-WF-22293 6-USAMRIID 02 I 23 I 2 0 0 7 This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; It and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf -------------------------------- ?-?--????-???-?????-??????????--?-??-------' 013046Anthrax Page 1426 of 1446 .. ~ FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o ,On 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of -.!::::::========:::::!..__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 02/21/2007 ,Page _ ___ 2 b7C L---~----~--~lmay have talked about the use of dried aerosols, butl lhad little time for deviation fromc::Jresearch to delve into new/side projects. I ldoes not remember an thin about the purchase or preliminary use of As al ""'-? \ I the I I However, ldoes not know of any discussions with individuals outside of !regarding the use of dried agents. I ' .. I USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013047Anthrax Page 1427 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) o o 02/21/2007 ,Page _ ___ 3 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of --========:!.__________ ,On c:::::lindicated that all the scientists at USAMRIID were peculiar. L _____jinformed that short periodic visits to the lab after hours was necessary to check on experimental animals. These usually involved animal caretakers. However in the case that a PI was checking animals, any prolonged durations for these purposes involved the death of an animal and a pathologist for necropsy and tissue sampling. According tol I prolonged off-hour access to suites (over two hours in the m1ddle of the night), especially a Bio-Safety Level-3 (BSL-3) suite is abnormal, as well as a safety violation. Because fatigue could lead to accidents, entering into a BSL-3 environment alone for extended periods of time in the middle fo the night was a significant safety issue. I !office was in building! I butl I \ I !believed that while at USAMRIID,I lbel1eves that does not Jtave the skills or experience to perpetrate the anthrax ma1l1ngs. ~ with IVINS extensively while at USAMRIID. ~described IVI~ as a workaholic, who was easily stressed, had health issues, and\had a good sense of humor. Due to IVINS' nature and close proximity to USAMRIID, I lwould not be surprised if IVINS worked in his office at off hours. However, could not imagine anyone would be in the suites late at night. dealing with IVINS directl ~elt BRU~ I Iknew I ; <::::: I worked for IVINS, however, in I USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013048Anthrax Page 1428 of 1446 FD-302a (Rev. 10-6-95) 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Continuation ofFD-302 of - - = = = = = = = = = - - - - - - - - - - , On 02/21/2 0 07 ,Page _ ___ 4 ~~------~~w~ould be someone to talk to aboutl I I suggested tha~ lwho often worked with I .~----~!recalls Ba samples being kept in the walk-in freezer for very short periods of time surrounding experiments. However, these samples were usually already diluted for aerosolization. I !believes that all glass impingers containing Ba may have been stored in this walk-in, but only for very short periods. I ldoes not recall storage of any larger stocks (e.g. SOOml flasks) of Ea. I !interacted withl ~--~---:----::---1 lhad no d1scuss1ons w1th perpetrated of the anthrax attacks. personnel as to who Original notes from this interview as well as a Nondisclosure Agreement signed byl lon February 21, 2007 will be kept in the FD-340 section of the file, serial 7170. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013049Anthrax Page 1429 of 1446 f (Rev. 01-31-2003) FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Precedence: To: ROUTINE .Attn: IIC Date: 01/31/2007 Washington Field AMER~I~T~H~RAX~~S~S~A~s------~ SSA R. I I SSAI..___ _ _ _ ___.I From: Washington Field AMX-2 Contact: b7C Approved By: Drafted By: Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184. To document information obtained froml~--~~ (Pending) f b<iS l ~~~~~~~~~~~ Synopsis: Details: During an interview of Bruce Ivins on 01/23/2002, Ivins provided Special Agent (SA) l I with two images he had captioned with a description of the image. The images were placed in an FD-340 and submitted to the file as item 279A-WF-222936-1A 1037. Each image bears a date and time stamp in the bottom right side of the image, an alpha-numeric label in the upper left side of the image, and displays a sheep's blood agar (SBA) plate labeled with typewritten identifiers to the left of the plate. Each caption describes the Bacillus anthracis Ames material used to innoculate the respective plate. r-----------. I One caption describes: "Ames strain -- Froml !culture collection at USAMRIID. Similar in~--~ appearance to Bacillus anthracis coloni;s from mail. Sent to Parton Down, who sent it tol ~ _ I who sent it tol I Th~s vers~on o the Ames strain was serially passaged before freezing down and storing in the culture collection". USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013050Anthrax Page 1430 of 1446 To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 01/31/2007 F~d Fiel~ The second caption describes: "Ames strain - from original agar slant from Ames, Iowa, USDA. This is the version of the Ames strain used byl !Bruce Ivins. This version of the? Ames strain given to Dugway Proving Ground, Battelle Memorial Research Institute, DRES, and U. of New Mexico." ? During the interview with sAl I Ivins further describes the image of thel !material to have been inoculated with a stock that had been prepared subsequent to mult~ple growths, during which the organism was transferred from one plate to the next, instead of starting from the original material. Ivins further explained that this process can result in the introduction of mutations that can cause differences in morphology. Ivins further describes the image of the ."original" material to have been inoculated using a culture that is njust a slant away from the cow". Ivins explained, "The Ames stock from the original slant was sent to "Dugway Proving Ground, Battelle Memorial Research Institute, I I D.R.E.S (the Defense Research Establishment at Suffield, Canada), and to_ lthe University of New Mexico." When material is shipped from the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), the researcher preparing the shipment describes the items to be shipped on a USAMRIID shipping document, known as a Form 11-R, which is used during the approval process for the shipment, and ultimately maintained in the USAMRIID Safety Office. The 11-R must be signed by the Principle Investigator (PI) responsible for the shipment, the PI's Division Chief, and the Safety Office prior to shipment. Review of 11-R documents from the USAMRIID Safety Office show that the only shipments to the University of New Mexico and Battelle were described to be samples taken from RMR-1029, which is a large preparation of Bacillus anthracis Ames spores compiled from multiple productions grown in both, shaker flasks at USAMRIID and fermentors at Dugway Proving Ground. Analysis to date has found RMR-1029 to be the only Bacillus anthracis Ames material to have matching genetic signatures identical to the evidentiary spore material from the anthrax attacks of 2001. Since RMR-1029 was the only material described to have been shipped to Battelle and "the University of New Mexico, AMERITHRAX Investigators were confused with regard to the source material descriptions, and the analysis of the? morphological variations depicted in the images provided by Ivins. 03IOI.wpd 2 b6 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ 013051Anthrax Page 1431 of 1446 , To: Re: Washington From: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 01/31/2007 F~d Fiel~I Evidence item 1B 1308 consists of a CD containing an image labeled "Ivins' spore culture. jpg". The image, I I I is identical to the image Ivins describes to be from the "original agar slant", having the same date and time ? stamp and alpha-numeric label . .------....,On 01/30/2007, SAs I I met with I I at L:J place of ~e-m-p~l-o_ym e_n~t, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, to obtain __ clarification re arding the image, which had been produce~ ~----------------~onfirmed the image to be an SBA plate L___j a spore culture obtained from Bruce Ivins ~p-r~1-o-r~t-o~~~1~.~--~believed the culture to be one of Ivins' first spore preparations of Bacillus anthracis Arne.s spores. related that the ima e identified b Ivins I I ~p-r_e_p a_r_e~d~f-.r-o_m m_a~.t~e~rial __ __ !further explained that the images were c::Jhad inc===Jpossession prior to the anthrax attacks of 2001 . oo ~310l.wpd 3 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013052Anthrax Page 1432 of 1446 FD-302 (Rev. 10-6-95) o - 1- o Date of transcription FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 03/26/2007 On March 03, 2007, and individual who is not in the position to testify provided the following information: ~ This individual~ I BRU . IVINS of the U.S. Army Me ical Research Institute of Infecti us Diseases. This individual informed SAl I FBI. that I LJ I b7C Investigation on File by #I 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIT!ID~,~---~~~~~~~~------------------------------ 05/03/2007 at Washington, D.C. I Date dictated _N_:/_A _________ b7C --~------------_J---------------------------------- SA This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013053Amhra>< Page 1433 of 1446 lv? bi BACK PAGE . 1 9 S@ct?0nI21 013054Anthrax Page 1434 of 1446 oo 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID MDC:mdc ' . t X? - ~ Cf_ ~ '""' o b7C The following investigation was conducted by Postal Inspector! !between the dates of February 28, ?007 and March 22, 2007 1n Frederick, Maryland: to an interview conducted on BRU a c1v1 1an researc sc1entist employed at United States Army Medical Research ,Institute of nfectious Diseases (USAMRIID) located in Frederick, Maryland. ----------~Attached herewith are I during the time perioL.....,.d-s_m_e_n~t-:i_o_n_e_d::--a-=b-o_v_e- I_n_s_u_m_m_a_r--:v---1 .......... Copies of the._I______....Jiare attached. b6 USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013055Amhra>< Page 1435 of 1446 A9 4 AA 6% BACK PAGE ~i 21 013056Anthrax Page 1436 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) -45 57- ReferralfDrrect 88 ~ ReferraVDit-ect 89- ReferralfDrrect 90- ReferralfDrrect 91 ~ ReferralfD:irect 92- Referra1fD1rect 93- Referra1fD1rect 94 -- ReferraVDit-ect 95 - RefetralfDrrect 96 - RefetralfDrrect 97 ~ RefetralfDirect 98- ReferralfDrrect 99- ReferralfDrrect 100 ~ RefetralfDirect 101- RefetralfDrrect 102- RefetralfDrrect 103 ~ RefenalfDirect 104- ReferralfDrrect 105- ReferralfDrrect ! 06 ~ RefetralfDit-ect 107- ReferralfDrrect 108- ReferralfDrrect 109 ~ Refetral/Direct 110 - RefetralfDrrect 111 - RefetralfDrrect 1! 2 ~ RefetralfDirect 113 - RefetralfDrrect 114- RefetralfDrrect 115 ~ RefenalfDirect 116 - ReferralfDrrect 117- ReferralfDrrect ! 18 ~ RefetralfDit-ect 119 - ReferralfDrrect 120- ReferralfDrrect 121 ~ Refetral/Direct 122- RefetralfDrrect 123- RefetralfDrrect 124 ~ RefetralfDirect 125- RefetralfDrrect 126- RefetralfDrrect 127 ~ RefenalfDirect 123- ReferralfDrrect 129- ReferralfDrrect ! 30 ~ RefetralfDit-ect USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013057Anthra>< Page 1437 cf 1446 Paga USAMRIID Section 21.pdf 013058Anthrax (Rev. 01-31-2003) ., FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ROUTINE Date: Washington Field Washington Field AMX-3 Contact: Page 1438 of 1446 Precedence: To: From: 09/14/2004 Approved By: Drafted By: rl-~----------....._....~......., (Pending) - C\~~ I b6 Case ID #: 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID Title: AMERITHRAX; MAJOR CASE 184 Synopsis: Report results of a 09/08/2004 meeting at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . Enclosure(s): 1. USAMRIID Research Protocols B01-07, B00-03( D98-03, F00-11, and D99 02; 2. e-mail from Bruce E. Ivins to~--~ dat<7fd September 2 2004 3 ? 43 PM;. 3. e-mail from Bruce E. Iv1ns to} ldated.8:49 AM; 4. e-mail fromL !dated Se tember 3, 2004, 10:50 AM? 5. co ies of a facsimile sent from SA on 09/10/2004i 6. Uhsigned .....-...:..LI.I.~"""--'il.lo.I.....I~~~~..~.~..~Ol...l.o..-f 4, 2 0 04 et ter presented tol USAMRIID, by Amerithrax. I I I ~--------~ Details: ~...--.,--..,...~--r-.....1 of the United States Army Military Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) . The purpose of the meeting wa~ to discuss a Jetter dated Apqnjt 24, 2004 which was presented tol _USAMRIID, by Amerithrax. This letter requested numerous items and documents from USAMRIID in support of the Amerithrax investigation. At the beginning of the meeting, presented SAl kith USAMRIID R~search Protocols B01-07, B0003, D98-03, F00-11, and D99-02, as requested in the letter. I I USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013059Anthrax Page 1439 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/14/2004 F~d From: Washington Fiel~' lhas reviewed the hard copy log of electron microscop~y--~f~r-o-m~J~u~ly 1982 to the present and has prepared a list of everything that meets the description of ~spore preparations.! lhas also included inl__jlist samples that could meet th1s description, for which the submitting investigator did not provide enough information. lstated inc:::Je-mail that blood/tissues from animals infected with various strains of B. anthracis were excluded. SAl !asked if the Ames strain was used to infect these animals. '!'hose present at the meetinj did not know, but stated they would find out froml ~----------....1 I .------------L------,___..1 stated in De-mail that anY,thJ ng w] th ~--------------__.lname would have originated froml~____________. .__~~-=--:!.I stated that TEM sample I I was a special project for the Dele:se Aaercy and that.the micrograp~s were requested for_~ __ -? _of Kaman Sc1ence Corporat1on and were to be use or r1e 1ngs and to assist in the determination of precise spore sizes. SAl !advised that the FBI does want these items. :11cl:ar b7 sAl !advised that the FBI doe~ not want SEM stubs 11 for Ames powder which was submitted by the FBI for analysis. 11 I I questioned whether the FBI wanted TEM and SEM negatives.. (After the meeting SAl I asked SAl I AMX-2, whether the negatives were needed. SAIJ Ldni sed t\lat the negatives were not needed. sAl ladv~ J telephonically on 09/10/2004 that the negatives were? not required.) lasked what the procedure has been for the produc~~t~1-o-n--o~f~p-e r_s_o_n~nel records for FBI review. __ SAl I advised that, previous~Yrl is no longer employed by USAMRIID, would call SAJ lwhenc===Jhad pulled the requested records. In a t1mely fashionr FBI Agents and Postal Inspectors would come to USAMRIID to review these records and make copies of any pages they found of i~n~t~e~r~e~s~t~?~------~~~__. advised that this process can continue. thatl lwould now handle 1ssues~r~e~~~USAMRIID personnel filesr and would contact SAl files were ready. ~----_. Jlwho Discussion ensued regarding the FBI request for laboratory notes and computer files regarding Ames research and Ames spore production. Bruce Ivins had forwarded an e-mail to 2 USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013060Anthrax Page 1440 of 1446 To: Re: Washington 279A-WF-222936-USAMRIID, 09/14/2004 F~d From: Washington Fieltll ~1~s~t~o~o~v~o~I~u~m~1~n~ous to print out or copy. t4at the number of files onr--l computer After some~cussion reyard:nglthe individual USAMRIID investigators' computer files, SA advised that c:Jwould discuss this issue with Am7r1t rax management and contact! lwith further gu1dance. I advising references wor , Warfare Decontamination as a participant.) I lended the meeting by advising that~l--~ would contact SAl lwhen additional documents requested in the letter were ready to be picked up by the FBI . oo 3. USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013061Anthrax Page 1441 of 1446 o In Reply, Please Refer to FileNo. U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation o 601 4th Street, NW Washington, DC ? 20535 August 24, 2004 USAMRIID 1425 Porter Street Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702 Dear Pursuant to the ongoing criminal investigation into the 2001 mailings of letters laced with Bacillus anthracis, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) requests the items, documents, and/or access listed below. If a point of contact for an item or document has been identified by one of our investigators, that point of contact is listed with the item or document. Please contact Supervisory Special Agent (SSA)~ lor Special Agentl _ iwhen the items are available for pickup from OSAMRII . Please contact SSAI ldirectly regarding any problems or issues with the items or documents requested. b6 b7C I I 1 o o o o o Any electron microscopy stubs and micrographs from any Ames spore preparations at USAMRIID I I Final contract documents from the contract between USAMRIID and Dugway for. the production of Ames spores for aerosol challenges including the protocol actually used, micrographs, and other documentation (Bruce Ivins) Requirements for the production of Standard Reference Materials in the Bacteriology Division Research Protocols numbered BOl-07, B00-03, D98-03, F00-11, D99-02 for aerosol challenges. Access to personnel records for the following employees: USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013062Anthrax Page 1442 of 1446 o o o Travel, leave, and time and attendance records for the following employees: o ter files and other research 2 USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013063Anthrax Page 1443 of 1446 o By? o oo b7C Sincerely, Inspector in Charge Superv1sory Special Agent cc: 3 ' USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013064Anthrax Page 1444 of 1446 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET No Duphcab.on Fees are charged fur Deleted Page Inforrnab.on Sheet(s) Total Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Deleted Page(s) - 110 4 - Referral!D1rect 5 - Referral/Direct 6 - Referral!Drrect 7 - Referral!Drrect 8 - Referral/Direct 9 - Referral!Drrect l 0 - Referral!D1rect -- Referral/Direct 12 - Refetral!Drrect u - Refetral!Drrect >4 -Referral/Direct 15 - Referral!Drrect 16 - Referral!Drrect 17- Referral/Direct 18 - Referral!Drrect 19 - Referral!Drrect 20 - ReferralfD:irect 21 - Referral!D1rect 22- Referral!D1rect -- Referral/Direct '4 - Refetral!Drrect - Refetral!Drrect -Referral/Direct 27- Referral!Drrect 28- Referral!Drrect 29 -Referral/Direct 30- Referral!Drrect 31 - Referral!Drrect 32 - ReferralfD:irect 33- Referral!D1rect 34 - Referral!D1rect 35 --Referral/Direct 00 - Refetral!Drrect 37 - Referral!Drrect 38 -Referral/Direct 39- Referral!Drrect 40- Referral!Drrect 4! -Referral/Direct 42- Referral!Drrect 43- Referral!Drrect 44 - ReferralfD:irect 45- Referral!D1rect 46- Referral!D1rect 47 --Referral/Direct " " " " USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013065Anthrax Page 1445 of 1446 Page Page Page Pagee Pagee Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Pagee Pagee Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Pagee Pagee Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Pagee Pagee Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 484950 -51 52 53 ~ 545556 ~ 575859 ~ 606162 -63 64 65 ~ 666768 ~ 697071 ~ 727374 -75 76 77 ~ 787980 ~ 818283 ~ 848586 -8788 89 ~ 909192 ~ 939495 ~ 969798 -- Referral!D1rect Referral!D1rect Referral!DU-ect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Dir-ect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Drrect Reefetral!DU-ect Referral!Drrect Referral!Drrect ReefetralfD:it-ect Referral!D1rect Referral!D1rect Refetral!DU-ect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Dir-ect Referral!Drrect Referral!Drrect Refetral!DU-ect Referral!Drrect Referral!Drrect RefetralfD:it-ect Referral!D1rect Referral!D1rect Refetral!DU-ect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Dir-ect Referral!Drrect Referral!Drrect Refetral!DU-ect Referral!Drrect Referral!Drrect RefetralfD:it-ect Referral!D1rect Referral!D1rect Refetral!DU-ect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Drrect Refetral!Dir-ect Referral!Drrect Referral!Drrect Refetral!DU-ect Referral!Drrect Referral!Drrect RefetralfD:it-ect Referral!D1rect Referral!D1rect Refetral!DU-ect USAMRIID Section 22.pdf 013066Anthrax Page 1446 of 1446 Page Page Page Pagee Pagee Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 99- Referral!D1rect 100- Referral!Drrect ! 0! ~Referral/Dir-ect l 02 - Referral!Drrect l 03 - Referral!Drrect 104 ~ Reeferral/Dit-ect 105- Referral!Drrect 106- Referral!Drrect 107 ~Referral/Dir-ect l 08 - Refetral!Drrect 109- Referral!Drrect 110 ~Referral/Dir-ect 111 - Referral!Drrect 112 - Referral!Drrect ! 13 ~Referral/Dir-ect USAMRIID Section 22.pdf