EFTA02473251

From: Kathy Ruemmler Sent: Saturday, January 23, 2016 3:51 PM To: Jeffrey E. Subject: Re: Yep -- that is why I say it is scary and that he should be in pr=son: Psychology Today <https://www.psychologytoday.com/> • Find a Therapist • Topics chttps://www.psychologyt=day.com/experts/william-hirstein-phd> =span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Posted Jan 30, 201= <https://cdn.psychologytoday=com/sites/all/modules/custom/pt_social_media/img/share-2x- facebook.svg> SHARE<=div> <https:=Awitter.com/share?text=What%20ls%20a%20Psychopath%3F%20%7C%20Psychology%,=0Today&url=ht tps%3A//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mindmelding/201301/=hat-is-psychopath-0&related=PsychToday> <https://cdn. psychologyt=day.com/si tes/al l/modules/custom/pt_social_media/i mg/share-2x- twitter.svg> TWEET • <https://w=w.psychologytoday.com/printmail/116933?destination=blog/mindmelding/20130=/what-is- psychopath-0> EMAIL • <= href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/" class="more-share-button" titl=="More" style="-webkit- transition: color 0.2s; transition: color 0.2s; t=xt-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; display: block; width: 152.0781=5px; height: 49px;"> <https://cdn.=sychologytoday.com/sites/all/modules/custom/pt_social_media/img/share-2x- sh=rethis.svg> MORE=/span> <=iv class="block_content"> First a bit of terminological history, to clear=up any confusion about the meanings of "sociopath," "=sychopath," and related terms. In the early 1800s, doctors who work=d with mental patients began to notice that some of their patients who appe=red outwardly normal had what they termed a "moral depravity"=or "moral insanity," in that they seemed to possess no sens= of ethics or of the rights of other people. The term "psychopath.=800 was first applied to these people around 1900. The term was changed t= "sociopath" in the 1930s to emphasize the damage they do t= society. Currently researchers have returned to using the term "ps=chopath." Some of them use that term to refer to a more serious dis=rder, linked to genetic traits, producing more dangerous individuals, while=continuing to use "sociopath" to refer to less dangerous pe=ple who are seen more as products of their environment <https://www.psyc=ologytoday.com/basics/environment> , including their up=ringing. Other researchers make a distinction between "primary psyc=opaths," who are thought to be genetically caused, and "sec=ndary psychopaths," seen as more a product of their environments.</=pan> EFTA_R1_01585571 EFTA02473251 The current approach to defining sociopathy a=d the related concepts is to use a list of criteria. The first such list wa= developed by Hervey Cleckley (1941), who is known as the first person to d=scribe the condition in detail. Anyone fitting enough of these criteria cou=ts as a psychopath or sociopath. There are several such lists in use. The m=st commonly used is called the Psychopathy <https://www.psychologytoday.=om/basics/psychopathy> Checklist Revised (PCL-R=, developed by Robert Hare and his colleagues. An alternative version was d=veloped in 1996 by Lilienfeld and Andrews, called the Psychopathic Personalit= Inventory (PPI). The book that psychologists and psychiatrists us= to categorize and diagnose mental illness, the Diagnostic and Sta=istical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM IV) contains a category for s=mething called " <https://www.psychologytoday.com/conditio=s/antisocial-personality-disorder> personality disorder<=a>." These are much broader categories than that of psychopa thy. The catego=y of psychopath is seen as included within this category but considerably s=aller so that only roughly 1 in 5 people with APD is a psychopath (Kiehl an= Buckholtz, 2010). <https://www.psychology=oday.com/basics/personality-disorders> If we overlay all of these li=ts of criteria, we can see them coalescing into the following core set: Uncaring The PCL desc=ibes psychopaths as being callous and showing a lack of empathy, traits whi=h the PPI describes as "coldheartedness." <= style="margin: Opx Opx 24px;"> Shallow emotions Psychopaths, and to a degree, sociopaths, show a l=ck of emotion, especially the social emotions, such as shame, guilt, and&nb=p;=mbarrassment <https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/embarrassment> . Cleckley said that the psychopaths he came into contact w=th showed a "general poverty in major affective reactions,"=and a "lack of remorse or shame." The PCL describes psychop=ths as "emotionally shallow" and showing a lack of guilt. P=ychopaths are notorious for their lack of fear. When normal people are put i=to an experimental situation where they anticipate that something painful w=ll happen, such as a mild electric shock, or a mildly aversive pressure app=ied to a limb, a brain network activates. Normal people will also show a cl=ar skin conductance response produced by sweat gland activity. In psychopat=ic subjects, however, this brain network showed no activity and no skin con=uctance responses were emitted (Birbaumer et al., 2012). Irresponsibility<=p> According to Cleckley psychopaths show unreliability, wh=le the PCL mentions "irresponsibility" and the PPI describe= psychopaths as showing "blame externalization," i.e. they b=ame others for events that are actually their fault. They may admit blame w=en forced into a corner, but these admissions are not accompanied by a sens= of shame or remorse, and they have no power to change the sociopath'= future behavior. Insincere speech <=pan style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Ranging from what t=e PCL describes as "glibness" and "superficial =charm <https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/charisma> 40=9D to Cleckley's "untruthfulness" and "insi=cerity," to outright "pathological lying <https://=ww.psychologytoday.com/basics/deception> ," there is a tren= toward devaluing speech among psychopaths 2 EFTA_R1_01585572 EFTA02473252 by inflating and distorting it t=ward selfish ends. The criteria for APD include "conning others for-personal profit or pleasure." One concerned father of a young socio=athic woman said, "I can't understand the girl, no matter how hard l=try. "It's not that she seems bad or exactly that she means to do w=ong. She can lie with the straightest face, and after she's found in the mo=t outlandish lies she still seems perfectly easy in her own mind" (=leckley, 1941, p. 47). This casual use of words may be attributable to what=some researchers call a shallow sense of word meaning. Psychopaths do not s=ow a differential brain response to emotional terms over neutral terms that=normal people do (Williamson et al., 1991). They also have trouble understa=ding metaphors and abstract words. Overconfidence The P=L describes sociopaths as possessing a "grandiose sense of self worth</=>." Cleckley speaks frequently of the boastfulness of his patients.=Hare (1993) describes an imprisoned sociopath who believed he was a world c=ass swimmer. Sent from my iPad On Jan 23, 2016, at 10:40 AM, jeffrey E. &=t;[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]» wr=te: with convi=tion On S=t, Jan 23, 2016 at 10:37 AM, Kathy Ruemmler < My memory is a friend killer - I stopped talking to clinto= when he swore, with whole hearted conviction tome, that he h=d done something, he had forgotten that he also swore t=e exact opposite to me only weeks before.. On Sat, Jan 23, 2016 at 9:26 AM, K=thy Ruemmle wrote: He obviously said something to=you yesterday that was disturbing, and you don't want to tell me. Jus= tell me -- I can take it. I promise. Sent from my=i Phone On Jan 23, 2016, at 9:22 AM, jeffrey E. < You were right and I was wrong. Humble pie, crow , or=my own words is what i get to eat today. your choic= On Fri, Jan 22, 2016 at 6:28 PM, Kathy Ruemmler wrote: What part do you find disturbing? Do you think he is l=sing it? Sent from my iPhone On Jan 22, 2016, at 6:21 P=, jeffrey E. <[email protected]> wrote: 3 EFTA_R1_01585573 EFTA02473253 talking to macgiver, distur=s me, and that takes a lot please note The information contained in this communication is confidential, m=y be attorney-client privileged, may constitute inside information, and i= intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of JE= Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication or any=part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have rec=ived this communication in error, please notify us immediately by ret=rn e-mail or by e-mail to [email protected], and destroy this=communication and all copies thereof, including all attachments. copyrig=t -all rights reserved please not= The information contained in this communication is confidential= may be attorney-client privileged, may constitute inside information, a=d is intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of.IEE Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication or=any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. 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