U.S. Department of Justice

U.S. Department of Justice United States Attorney Southern District of New York The Silvio J. Mollo Building One saint Andrew's Plaza New York, New York 10007 April 23, 2021 BY ELECTRONIC MAIL Christian Everdell, Esq. Mark Cohen, Esq. Cohen & Gresser LLP 800 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022 Laura Menninger, Esq. Jeffrey Pagliuca, Esq. Haddon, Morgan and Foreman, P.C. 150 East Tenth Avenue Denver, CO 80203 Bobbi Stemheim, Esq. Law Offices of Bobbi C. Stemheim 33 West 19th Street-4th Fl. New York, NY 10007 Re: United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell, 20 Cr. 330 (MN) Dear Counsel: Pursuant to Rule 16(a)(1)(G) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the Government hereby provides notice that it may call as an expert witness at trial Dr. a clinical instructor of psychiatry and human behavior at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University. The Government reserves the right to call additional expert witnesses and will promptly provide notice if the Government elects to do so. I. Disclosure by the Government Dr. is the President-Elect of the Division of Trauma Psychology of the American Psychological Association ("APA"). Dr. has practiced psychology since earning her Ph.D. in 1995, and she is currently a clinical instructor at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, where she trains psychiatric residents in treating trauma survivors. Since she entered private practice in 1998, Dr. has specialized in treating patients with trauma, including sexual trauma in childhood and adolescence. In the last twenty-three years, Dr. has treated hundreds of victims of trauma, many of whom were minor victims of sexual abuse. Dr. has also received specialized training in traumatic stress, sexual abuse, and clinical EFTA00080136 Page 2 and forensic psychology. She has written, presented, and taught about the assessment and treatment of trauma, among other topics. Since 2014, Dr. has been on the editorial review board of the APA journal Trauma Psychology: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, and she is a member of the APA Ethics Committee. A copy of Dr. curriculum vitae is being produced to you today bearing Bates number 3502-006.' Dr. is expected to testify, based on her relevant education, training, experience, and research to the following: Individuals with particular vulnerabilities are often targeted by perpetrators of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse of minors frequently occurs through the use of manipulation or coercion in the context of an established relationship that is developed over time, rather than through the use of forcible rape. Minor victims are often subject to a strategic pattern of behaviors, often called grooming, that can take a variety of forms and function to render the victims vulnerable to abuse, to obscure the nature of the abuse, and to build trust and attachment with their abuser. The relationship of trust and attachment can prevent victims from being aware that what they are experiencing is abuse and can prevent disclosure. Minor victims therefore may not identify themselves as victims of abuse while it is ongoing, and may not recognize the consequences of that abuse until adulthood. Repeated exploitation and abuse can increase the likelihood of victimization later in life and can result in long-term traumatic and psychological consequences, especially when it occurs in the context of cciic trauma. The presence of other individuals can facilitate the sexual abuse of minors. Dr. is also expected to testify that nondisclosure, incremental disclosure, and secrecy are common among victims of sexual abuse for a variety of reasons, and that memory and disclosure of traumatic or abusive events is impacted by a number of factors, including the circumstances surrounding the trauma. Dr. has not evaluated any specific victim in this case, and the Government does not presently intend to offer Dr. testimony regarding any specific victim. Dr. expected testimony relies on her education and training on psycholo ical trauma, traumatic stress, interpersonal violence, and sexual abuse. It also relies on Dr. extensive clinical experience treating individuals who suffered sexual abuse and trauma in childhood and adolescence, as well as Dr. experience conducting forensic psychological evaluations of people who have experienced sexual abuse and trauma. The Government is producing notes from the Government's interviews with Dr. today as well. II. Request for Reciprocal Discovery and Expert Notice In light of your request for the foregoing notice, the Government hereby requests reciprocal notice under Rule 16(b)(1)(C) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure regarding any expert witness that the defendant intends to rely upon, including a written summary of any testimony that the defendant intends to use under Rules 702, 703, or 705 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, as well as the witness's qualifications. ' Dr. has previously testified in state court and has been deposed in the course of federal and state litigation. As a courtesy, a list of that testimony is also being produced to you today bearing Bates number 3502-002. EFTA00080137 Page 3 Additionally, the Government reiterates its August 5, 2020 request for reciprocal discovery under Fed. R. Crim. P. 16(b). Specifically, we request that you allow inspection and copying of: (1) any books, papers, documents, data, photographs, tangible objects, buildings or places, or copies or portions thereof, which are in the defendant's possession, custody or control, and which the defendant intends to introduce as evidence or otherwise rely on at trial; and (2) any results or reports of physical or mental examinations and of scientific tests or experiments made in connection with this case, or copies thereof, which are in the defendant's possession or control, and which the defendant intends to introduce as evidence or otherwise rely on at trial or which were prepared by a witness whom the defendant intends to call at trial. The Government also reiterates its August 5, 2020 request that the defendant disclose prior statements of witnesses she will call to testify, including expert witnesses. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 26.2; United States v. Nobles, 422 U.S. 225 (1975). The Government requests that such material be provided on the same basis upon which the Government agrees to supply the defendant with 3500 material relating to Government witnesses. Very truly yours, AUDREY STRAUSS United States Attorney by: /s/ Assistant United States Attorneys EFTA00080138