From: Robert Kuhn

From: Robert Kuhn To: Subject: Date: Attachments: Inline-Images: "jeffrey E." <[email protected]> Re: Thu, 18 May 2017 00:43:27 +0000 Kuhn - Xi's_philosophy_for_engaging_with_the_world_embodies_in_initiative_China_Daily_new spapern 5.14.17.pdf; Kuhn_Initiative_marlcs_transition_of_grand_vision_- China_ Daily_ newspaper_-_5.12.17.pdf; Kuhn_- _ Initiative_marks_transition of_grand_visionn China_Daily_webn 5.12.17.docx; Kuhn_- _ Xi's_philosophy_for_engaing_with_the_world_embodies_in_initiative_China_Daily_Web - 5.14.17.docx 4192D32F-E0A3-4B97-AB4FCO75528EB5C5.jp2 I'm in NY June 7-14+. Plants and Silk Road below BIOLOGY Can Plants Hear? Flora may be able to detect the sounds of flowing water or munching insects By Marta Zaraska on May 17, 2017 EFTA01045847 Credit: nikkytok Getty Images Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects. In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had only soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. "They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe," Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter.Gagliano hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer. The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret such information. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis, a relative of cabbage, can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations—the plant produced more chemical toxins after "hearing" a recording of feeding insects. "We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors," says lead study author Heidi Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo. Another hint that plants can hear comes from the phenomenon of "buzz pollination," in which a bee buzzing at a particular frequency has been shown to stimulate pollen release. Other experiments have found that sounds can lead to hormonal changes in plants, influence their oxygen uptake and change their growth rates. A study published earlier this year revealed that sound waves can even influence gene expression in Arabidopsis. EFTA01045848 Michael Schtiner, a biologist at University of Greifswald in Germany, who was not involved in the new research, believes that plants may have organs that can perceive noises. "Sound vibrations could trigger a response of the plant via mechanoreceptors—these could be very fine, hairy structures, anything that could work like a membrane," he says. This research raises questions about whether acoustic pollution affects plants as well as animals, Gagliano observes: "Noise could block information channels between plants, for example, when they need to warn each other of insects." So next time you turn on a noisy leaf blower or a hedge trimmer in your garden, consider the lilies. https://www.sc ienti ficamerican.com/art icle/can-plants-hearnWT.mc_id=SA_DD_201 7051 7 On May 13, 2017, at 6:58 PM, jeffrey E. <jeevacation@grrtn> wrote: great idea, yes the silk road is not getting any attention in the states. wild. please note The information contained in this communication is confidential, may be attorney-client privileged, may constitute inside information, and is intended only for the use of the addressee. It is the property of JEE Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail or by e-mail to jeevacation®gmail.com, and destroy this communication and all copies thereof, including all attachments. copyright -all rights reserved EFTA01045849