Facts & Figures: Women and Pay

Facts & Figures: Women and Pay Inequality by Karin Kamp: April 8, 2014 APRIL 8Th was Equal Pay Day, chosen as the symbolic date when women's wages catch up to men's from the previous year. Today is also the day that President Obama, lacking support from Congress on equal pay measures, signed an executive order barring federal contractors from retaliating against employees who discuss their pay with one another. He also directed the Labor Department to adopt rules requiring federal contractors to provide compensation data based on sex and race. "Pay secrecy fosters discrimination, and we should not tolerate it, not in federal contracting or anywhere else," Obama said at the signing. He was joined at the White House by Lilly Ledbetter, whose name appears on a pay discrimination law Obama signed in 2009. Some dismiss the gender pay gap as due to women's occupational and lifestyle choices, but data analysis by labor economists Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn concluded that over 4o percent of the pay gap cannot be explained by such differences. To understand why this really outrages women and enlightened men, have a look at the depth of the problem here. THE PROBLEM There are a number of ways to look at the pay disparities between men and women. This chart from The American Association of University Women (AAUW) shows women's median annual earnings as a percentage of men's over the past 4o years. The pay gap has steadily narrowed over time, but it's progress has stalled in recent years. The Pay Gap Over Time Women's Median Annual Earnings as a Percentage of Men's Median Annual Earnings for Full-time, Year-Round Workers, 1972-2012 liPage of 6 EFTA01104883 100% 90% • 80% TO% 6056- 50% X% 10%' 0% • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e , (Source: AAUW) Pew Research looked at the pay gap by examining hourly earnings, estimated as usual weekly earnings divided by usual hours worked, because it "irons out differences in earnings due to differences in hours worked." As such, Pew's calculations take into account that women are twice as likely to work part-time as men, 26 percent versus 13 percent. They found that for every dollar a man earns, a woman earns $0.84. Wage of 6 EFTA01104884 Women's Earnings as a Percent of Men's Ages 26 and olat 100% 75 64% 64% 50 1990 2000 2012 1980 Weekly earnings. full.time workers Note: Pew Research Center estimates are for employed workers with positive earnings. Self-employed workers are excluded. Details on Bureau of Labor Statistics' methods are available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpswom2012.pdf. Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of Current Population Survey data for hourly earnings and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for weekly earnings (Highlights of Women's Earnings in 2012, Report 1045, October 2013, Table 12) PEW RESEARCH CENTER IN YOUR STATE The AAUW used the most recent statistics from the US Census Bureau to show the gender pay gap in states, as well as congressional districts. In Maryland, where the gender pay gap is second-smallest only to that of Washington, DC, women were paid 85 percent of what men were paid in 2012. Wyoming is on the opposite side of the spectrum with the most pay inequality, with women paid just 64 percent of what men were paid. 3IPage of 6 EFTA01104885 Men Women Earnings Ratio I Washington, D.C. $56.754 $60,116 90% 2 Maryland $57.447 149.003 85% 'Nevada $42,137 $35941 85% I Vermont $44.776 $38.017 85% 3 New York $51.274 $43.000 84% 'California $50.139 $41S56 84% 7 Florida $40.889 $34.202 84% • Hawaii $45.748 $38.040 83% +Maine $42,280 $35.057 83% »Arizona $43.618 $35.974 82% it North Carolina $41.859 $34,421 82% »Georgia $43.707 $35.479 81% 11 Delowore $50.689 341.120 81% I' Rhode Island $50.975 $41.074 81% is New MexiC0 $41,211 $33.074 80% 11 Colorado $50.509 $40.402 80% 17 Minnesota $50.885 $40.595 80% iii Texas $44.802 335.453 79% 11 Massachusetts $60.243 $47.651 79% » Oregon $47.402 $37.381 79% n Virginia $52.125 $41.104 79% e New Jersey $60,878 $47.878 79% »Ilinois $51,262 $40,309 79% »Connecticut $61,097 $47.900 78% 13 Washing ton 152,529 $41.062 78% »South Dakota $40.721 $31.792 78% Men Women Earnings Ratio p Wisconsin $46,898 $36,535 78% 21 South Carolina $41.740 $32.402 78% 22 Iowa $45,305 $35.106 77% »Nebraska $42.878 $33.218 77% 31 Tennessee $41.828 $32.398 77% p New Hampshke $54.136 $41.774 77% »Ohio $46.789 $35.984 77% 31 Arkansas $40.153 $30,843 77% 11 Missouri $42.974 $32.868 76% »Montana $41,656 $31,775 76% 17 Kansas $44.765 $34,131 76% » Oklahoma $41.415 $31,543 76% 17 Kentucky $42,321 $32.157 76% » Pennsylvonio $49.330 $37,414 76% 0 Mississippi $40.081 $30,287 76% 42 Idaho $41,664 $31,296 75% du Alaska $57.068 $42,345 74% «North Dakota $45.888 $33,877 74% ss Michigan $49.897 $36.772 74% 44 Indiana 145.620 133.419 73% a Alabama $44.567 $31.674 71% »Utah $48.540 $34.062 70% « West Virginia $44.159 $30.885 70% so Louisiana $47.249 $31,586 67% si Wyoming $51,932 $33.152 64% United Slates* $49.398 $37.791 77% 7On> ~a» Amer ~co Pre ~a %need 0~10, 71»Oqk 914 ~On Nolionnitefras.awn cps ISmlOtlwarlwNMwnne3llM ul, CASK~I~ItA1010. kin" Woo ~Sr am.. ronn, ~Fort. fedora NM". ~ea ~sin aos I. Ira Oema t. GM Weelet »r2 IWO3 Mel• Gala OS CAA" Daly 2042Arelan Cannel. knet metro 4.70a C000~11. am" Ne031.4 1•3001 Old ~Ca C b.ul Cale gnaw. Can ~Sim "eton iron en" ene reserinuata Conn». ihrtneaSeeder 201 Vann, OC Coevrente". Oliva AAu k9) 4IPage of 6 EFTA01104886 IT ADDS UP! Comparing earnings between men and women, the Center for American progress created this infographic below to show how the pay gap added up over time, using 2010 data. That year, the median full-time working man had earnings of $47,715 in earnings, compared to $36,931 for women. That pay difference of $10,784 adds up to $431,360 over 40 years! Here's what women, and their families, are missing out on. What could you do with an extra $431,360? For a lifetime of work, the estimated lost income resulting from the gender pay gapfor a full-time working woman' could: • a buy 2 I.: a %%Ile° saeli> ` 51`1.# 14 4411" • t:s.,0N 407,:tr $431,360 for redrement e 10 j®; i®; i®; I®i 101101101101101101101 j®; lei o; o; IOC oi lei a a lc); l® 37 Icsi I@i la Yea " S afford more than 7 S l" lar A low-year Wir college degrees at a pubik university •414don AMU., pry lot fobt4ne wetting *onion in NlOa 536,034 NOM the them* pay gap is braid on 40 years of week svolablex Insisolltovsainenanproginisso* efuenotouvotamesakeec_d•vcdf Sone: Cenn• Bureau dais, tvolsb144oPopihowes entosgovictodr1011p.b9440219pdt Win on cobirsdot mien (Awns $60,046 loe bolsi* omen, hnonnowodgodpogramsnityni/d101ublon/ duo _347.44x Dau on new ca, prisis Snoop 530,7440. httofitucusndooirscomAnipoodeprowni2012/ OLOSVatnosversooneoeco-pOoosiovolsOosocstd.Dxs en hod plonks a bendy Sour (ass, 511.6900 itsikeeke•meemsdadoeekekeeameomelamczolvcoftoffecdfanfoi teed Oats on Fount pixy. (motion con of S212,300) intioniveee. censysooseconoimpricorion444 Sleage of 6 EFTA01104887 MILLENNIALS ARE STARTING TO CLOSE THE GAP A survey by Pew Research found that young women are closing the wage gap with men: In 2012, among workers ages 25 to 34, women's hourly earnings were 93 percent of those of men. Still, the survey found that these young women believe the fight is far from over. Seventy-five percent said America needs to do more to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57 percent of millennial men. The Narrowing of the Gender Wage Gap, 1980-2012 Median hourly earnings of women as a percent of men's 100 % 90 80 70 60 Ages 25-34 ..• 4 93 50 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012 Note: Estimates are for civilian, non-institutionalized, full- or pan-time employed workers with positive earnings.Self- employed workers are excluded. Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of Current Population Survey data. PEW RESEARCH CENTER ***** 6IPage of 6 EFTA01104888