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Strictly Private and Confidential
BRAZILIAN CREDIT RIGHTS
" Brazilian internal debt...
at very high spreads over SELIC"
EFTA01185747
Table of Contents
■ Introduction
■ Overview of the Credit Rights Market
■ Legal Framework
■ How to Access the Credit Rights
■ Disclaimer
EFTA01185748
Brazilian Credit Rights
Introduction
Underlying
Description
In this presentation we would like to introduce an investment opportunity related to Brazil. In
particular, we will discuss about credit rights issued by the Brazilian Federation, the State of Sao
Paulo and their public entities/companies. These credits represent senior debts which have been
originated from an irrevocable sentence of last instance with no further options to appeal.
The credit rights stem from judicial proceedings against the Brazilian Federation, the Sao Paulo
and their public entities/companies.
We focus on a particular type of credits called "Precaterios". They can be grouped into two main
categories: alimony precaterios (mainly public employees credits against governamental
authorities and/or public companies) and non-alimony precaterios (non public employees credits
against governamental authorities and/or public companies). These credits can be enforced with a
court order by their respective owners against the public debtors. Until the sentence does not
become enforceable and irrevocable, the government/public entity can avoid payment and finance
its debt.
These type of credit rights benefit from Federal constitution protection. In fact, the article 100 of
the Brazilian Federal constitution regulates the repayments of precatorios.
Risk/Return
Proposition
These credits have an expected IRR ranging in the region of [25%-30%];
Given the nature of the credit rights, investors bear the following risks: i) Default; ii) Timeliness of
payments; iii) Legal risk and changes in the regulatory framework; iv) Liquidity; v) Currency.
The case history is so wide that it is possible to define a standard for payments from governmental
authorities or other public entities/companies.
3
EFTA01185749
Brazilian Credit Rights
Where the Alpha is coming from
1.
Very specialized market with high barriers to entry:
Access to this type of credit rights is only possible to law firms with extensive local experience:
An incorrect legal analysis of the credits would undermine any investment attractiveness: the credit
payment depends on the outcome of judicial proceedings. We start the negotiation activity after the
irrevocable sentence of last instance and the actual issuance of the credit (legal claim status with the
registration in the state budget). A timely reporting of opportunities by law firms, the ability to verify
the authenticity of the claims and the knowledge of all the legal steps to enforce the payment of the
individual credit are all crucial factors in this market;
To operate effectively, a law firm dealing with such credits must have: a strong presence in the region
(in order to access a large universe of potential credit holders), credibility, reputation, recognized skills
and strong bargaining power;
The typical commission structure of the local law firms makes the sourcing, negotiation and
management of such credits unprofitable in absence of significant economies of scale.
2.
Reliable, direct and experienced channels to access this market are key elements to our investment
process. The direct involvement and understanding of all the various phases of the life of a credit are also
crucial in the portfolio construction.
3.
Local access only:
The credit rights market is easily accessible to local players only. We have identified a series of way to make
these credits available to foreign investors.
4.
"Non-sophisticated" counterparties and low competition:
Credits are bought directly from the owners, which are usually non-professional players, via their legal
representatives. Professionals such as funds and banks are only focusing on very large credits due to due
diligence issues while we can focus on small credits where there is almost not competition.
4
EFTA01185750
Brazilian Credit Rights
Distinctive elements
Exclusive Access
Competitive Advantage
Direct Sourcing
Constitutional Protection
Interesting Risk/Return
No correlation with markets
Trasparency
We have an agreement with Innocenti Advogatos Associados, one of the
main expert in precatorios for the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil;
Very specialized market with high barriers to entry. Institutional players
focus mainly on large credits, while we can focus on small credits where
there is almost not competition;
Low sourcing costs: credits are bought directly from the owners via their
legal representatives, there are no intermediaries;
Art. 100 of the Federal Constitution establishes the payment rules for the
precatorios;
High returns are mainly due to sourcing activity and market access;
The investment is completely decorrelated from any market;
The investor is able to access the due diligence of the credit rights on-line.
In addition, payments are published monthly by the relevant tribunal;
5
EFTA01185751
Brazilian Credit Rights
High Revaluation Rates
High Revaluation Rates
• Credit Rights are revaluated every year by 6% or 12% as interest on late payments plus the adjustment for
inflation (currently roughly 6%) on the notional value of the credit;
• The lawsuit is clearly stating if a credit is going to be relavuated at 6% or 12%.
Example: Real case
I
39.10%
• Credit right:
Nominal value:
R$ 813,530
10.00%
Interest rate:
6%
Inflation rate:
6%
3.50%
25.60%
Purchase price:
Paid after:
40%, i.e. R$ 325,412
almost 4 years
• Repaid value:
R$ 1,218,265
• Total return:
374%
1
• IRR:
39.1%
I
Brazil
Risk
I
IRR
Interbank
Premium
Difference
I
Rate
Brazil
6
EFTA01185752
Table of Contents
■ Introduction
■ Overview of the Credit Rights Market
■ Legal Framework
■ How to Access the Credits
■ Disclaimer
EFTA01185753
Overview of the Credit Rights Market
Description
Main
Players
Background
Focus
Market
Size
■ The precatorio market is mainly practiced by specialized law firms involved in lawsuits on
behalf of clients which go to them offering their precatOrios for a huge discount.
■ In recent years, banks, mutual/hedge funds and other companies have identified a series of
business opportunities in precatOrios, either holding them up to maturity or using them for
tax compensation.
■ Players focused mainly on Federal Precatorios, but given the attractive return profile, they
have also acquired State and Municipal PrecatOrios (especially from Sao Paulo)
■ Local and foreign Banks
■ Investment funds (FIDCs, Fundo de Investimentos em Direitos Creditorios), including onshore
and offshore investors
■ Companies using for tax compensation (i.e. VAT and income tax)
■ It is estimated that the inventory of precatOrios in Brazil, including municipal, state and
Union debts, is worth US$ 58 billion*;
■ The state of Sao Paulo has debts in already issued precatOrios of approximately US$ 9 billion,
half of them are of alimony nature*.
■ We will only focus on:
1. Federal PrecatOrios;
2. State Precatorios (only issued by the state of Sao Paulo);
3. Credit Rights issued by Public Companies.
* Source: IAA.
These data exclude credit rights issued by Public Companies
8
EFTA01185754
Overview of the Credit Rights Market
Political Geography of Brazil to Understand Different Types of Precatorios Issued
• The Brazilian Federation is divided into 26 states
(estados) and one federal district (distrito federal),
which contains the capital city, Brasilia.
• The states are subdivided into 5,564 municipalities
(municipios).
Different type of Precatorios
Federal Precat6rios
Federal District
Precat6rios
States Precatorios
Municipal
Precat6rios
• All of them can be of alimony or non-alimony nature
Other Types of Credit Rights
Credit Rights issued
by Public
Companies
• These are credits which stem
from
judicial
proceedings
against
public
related
companies
(sociedade
de
economia mista)
1
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Grande
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Sergipe
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Distrito
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Federal
North
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■
North-East
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Center-West
Santa Catarina
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South-East
Grande
do Sul
South
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EFTA01185755
Table of Contents
■ Introduction
■ Overview of the Credit Rights Market
■ Legal Framework
■ How to Access the Credit Rights
■ Disclaimer
10
EFTA01185756
Legal Framework: Litigation
Innocenti Advogados Associados
INN'(lNi
l
Litigation
Innocenti Advogados Associados originated from a strong
expansion of the Professional activities of the former Advocacia
Ricardo Innocenti, founded in the early 80's, and that focused
on Administrative Law and Labor Relations.
For over 30 years we have been conducting actions for legal entities
and individuals, meeting their expectations through the daily efforts
of a specialized team of professionals, which is committed to the
needs of each client.
This experience has allowed us to acquire the necessary knowledge
and feeling to transform legal matters in efficient ethical solutions,
suited to each situation. Our attorneys' and advisors' job is not
limited to representing our clients' legal interests, but also to offer
them a concrete and customized picture of results.
Structure
IAA team consists of approximately 100 professionals.
IAA have attorneys that represent the office in the main Brazilian
cities, as well as a legal team based in the Federal District, which
allows for better follow-up of our clients' judicial proceedings
brought before superior courts.
Marco Antonio Innocenti is currently the president of the
Precatorios Commission in Brasilia.
Precatorios Commission
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11
EFTA01185757
Legal Framework:
Brazilian Federal Constitution - Art. 100
Article IOU. Payments owed by the federal. state. Federal District, or municipal
treasuries, by virtue of a court decision, shall be made exclusively in chronological
order of submission of court orders and charged to the respective credits, it being
forbidden to designate cases or persons in the budgetary appropriations and in the
additional credits opened for such purpose. (CA No. 20. 1998: CA No. 30.2000: CA
No. 37, 2002: CA No. 62, 2009)
Paragraph I. Support-related debts include those arising from wages. salaries.
pay, pensions, and their supplementations, social security benefits and compensation
for death and disability. such compensation being based on civil liability, by virtue of
a final and unappealable judicial decision, and shall be paid before any other debts,
except those referred to in Paragraph 2 of this article.
Paragraph 2. Support-related debts owed to pawns aged 60 (sixty) or over on the
date the respective court order is issued, or to persons with serious diseases, as defined
by law, shall be paid before any other debts. up to an amount equivalent to three times
the amount stipulated by law for the purposes of Paragraph 3 of this article, parceling
for such end being permitted whereas the remaining amount shall be paid according
to the chronological order of submission of respective court order.
Paragraph 3. The provision contained in the head paragraph of this article.
regarding the issuance of court orders, does not apply to obligations defined by law
as small amounts, which must be paid by the treasuries herein referred to by virtue
of a final and unappcalable court decision.
Paragraph 4. For the purposes of the provision of Paragraph 3. different amounts
may be stipulated for the federating units through their own legislation and according
to their various economic capabilities, whereas the minimum amount shall be equal
to the amount of the highest benefit paid by the general Social Security scheme.
Paragraph 5. It is mandatory for the budgets of the federating units to include
the funds required for payment of debts arising from final and unappealable judicial
decisions, stated in court orders submitted until or on July I. and payment shall be
made before the close of the subsequent fiscal year. on which date their amounts shall
be adjusted for inflation.
Paragraph 6. The budgetary allocations and the credits opened shall be assigned
to the Judicial Power, it being within the competence of the Presiding Judge of the
Court which rendered the decision of execution to determine full payment and to
authorize — upon petition of a creditor and exclusively in the event that his right of
precedence is not respected or that the amount necessary to satisfy the debt has not
been set aside — attachment of the respective amount.
Paragraph 7. The Presiding Judge of the appropriate Court who, by means of an
act or omission, delays or attempts to frustrate the regular payment of a court-ordered
debt shall be liable to crime of malversation and shall also appear before the National
Council of Justice.
Paragraph 8. The issuance of a court order as a supplementation to or in addition
to an amount already paid as well as the parceling, apportionment. or reduction of
Payment of Credit Rights
the amount under execution — so that the provision of Paragraph 3 may be applied to
a portion of the total amount — are forbidden.
Paragraph 9. At the time a court order is issued, irrespective of the relevant
regulation, there shall be deducted from such court order. for the purpose of a set-off.
an amount corresponding to clear legal debits, either registered or not under debts
in execution and attributed to the original creditor by the Treasury in debt, including
future accruing installments of parcclings, save for those whose execution has been
stayed by virtue of administrative or judicial challenge.
Paragraph 10. Be fore a court order is issued the relevant court shall request that
the Treasury in debt must provide, within 30 (thirty) days, otherwise subject to loss
of the right to offset. information on the debits which meet the conditions stipulated
in Paragraph 9, for the purposes set forth in said Paragraph.
Paragraph I I. In accordance with legislation of the federating unit in debt, a
creditor may employ court order credits to purchase public property belonging to the
respective federating unit.
Paragraph 12. As from the date Constitutional Amendment no. 62 is enacted, the
amounts stated in court orders, after such court orders arc issued up until effective
payment, irrespective of their nature, shall be adjusted according to the official rate
applied to savings accounts, whereas, for the purpose of compensation of delay in the
payment, simple interest will be applied at the same percentage of interest applied to
savings accounts, the employment of compensatory interest being excluded.
Paragraph 13. Creditors may assign their court order credits, in whole or in part.
to third parties. irrespective of consent by the debtor, and the provisions of Paragraphs
2 and 3 shall not be applied to the assignee.
Paragraph 14. Assignment of court order credits shall only produce effects after
communication to the court of origin and to the federating unit in debt by filing a
relevant petition.
Paragraph 15. Without prejudice to the provisions of this article, a supplementary
law to this Federal Constitution may establish a special regime for the payment of
court-ordered debts owed by States, the Federal District, and Municipalities, providing
for earmarked net current revenues and for payment tam and methods.
Paragraph 16. The Federal Government may, at its own discretion and under the
terms of relevant law, take on debts resulting from cowl orders issued against a State.
the Federal District, or a Municipality, and refinance them directly.
12
EFTA01185758
Legal Framework
Illustration of Precatorio Timeline
Theoretical Sequence in a Lawsuit Resulting in the Issuance of a Precatorio
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Filing of the
Final and
Award
Enforcement
Precat6rio
Rescissory
Lawsuit
Unappealable
Calculation
Claim
Issuance
Claim
Decision
Compensation for
damages and losses
caused by direct or
indirect (through
governmental entity)
actions from the
Govemment
In case of appeal in
a first level court
decision, a second
level decision is
required (sometimes
a third level is
required up to the s
Supreme/Superior "
Courts — STF/STJ)
Required to
calculate the
amount of the
award. Usually
involves the
issuance of an
expert report and
needs ratification
in court (can be
appealed by both
parties)
After a final
decision is
rendered in the
award calculation
phase, plaintiff can
request the
inclusion of the
amount for
payment in the
annual budget
After issuance of an
oficio requisitorio, a
precat O'da will be
issued.
Even after issuance,
the possibility of a
final appeal
(rescisOria) remains
after 2 years
Single installment for both Alimony and Non-Alimony Precat6rios as a result of the EC n.62/2009*
(1) Precatorios issued until June 30 of a determined year (y) must be paid until December 31 of the following year (y+1).
Precatorios issued in the second semester of a determined year must be paid until December 31 of the year following the subsequent year (y+2).
* Non-Alimony federal precatorios are still paid in instalments
13
EFTA01185759
Legal Framework
Main Changes Introduced by Constitutional Amendment n.62/2009*
Main changes and characteristics of the new regime
■ Effectiveness: Immediate effectiveness, encompassing all outstanding precatorios and derived lawsuits
■ Special Regimes: States and municipalities have 2 alternatives to pay precatorios debts ("Special Regimes"):
- (A) Mandatory annual deposits of amounts equivalent to certain fixed percentages of current revenues
- (B) Linear yearly amortizations in order to zero the inventory in up to 15 years
■ Chronological order: At least 50% of precatorios shall still be paid according to chronological order of issuance
(within each year alimony precatorios have priority over the non-alimony ones)
■ Auction: Residual 50% shall be paid using an auction mechanism (3 options are available to Public Debtors)
■ 1st Priority: Alimony precatorios for holders with at least 60 years old or which are seriously ill (in some specific
cases established by law), regardless of the year of issuance, will have first priority over any other precaterio up
to a value established by law.
■ Instalments: following Constitutional Amendment n.62/2009 the non-alimony precatorios, except for the federal
ones, will not be paid in instalments anymore, but with a bullet payment as per alimony precatorios
■ Seizure remedy: Seizure route limited to breach of mandatory payments established in (A) or (B), but the
President of the Court which causes delay to the regular payment of precatorios can incur in criminal
responsibility.
■ Discretional Union refinancing: The Union, at its sole discretion, can decide to refinance precatorios of other
public entities;
■ Tax compensation: Possibility of tax compensation for precaterio holders
■ Adjustment Rates: Precaterios, including the federal ones, shall be adjusted by official rates applicable over
savings deposit accounts, as opposed to inflation rates + interest rates, which were previously in force
■ Incentive to avoid insolvency: as long as Public Debtor is in the default, the entity a) may not contract a foreign or
domestic loan; b) cannot receive voluntary transfers;
■ Fungibility with Public Real Estate: following EC n.62/2009, creditors have the possibility to purchase public
properties using precatorios of same public entity
*Amendment No. 62, of 9 December 2009, which modify art. n.100 of 14
the Federal Constitution and art. 97 of the Transitory Constitutional
Provisions Act
EFTA01185760
Legal Framework
Payment Mechanism for Precatorios following EC n.62/2009
Federal
Precatorios
• In principle, federal precatorios are not affected by EC n.62/2009, so they will still be paid in installments; they will
follow chronological order with no annual budget limit and without any priority or exception;
• Only the interest rates calculations have been affected; from 2011 they shall be adjusted by official rates applicable
over savings deposit accounts, as opposed to inflation rates + interest rates, which were previously in force;
All precaterios
will be paid
within 15
years,
allocating a
pro rata
annual
amount
States*. '):
1.5% to 2.0% of
annual net
revenues
Municipalities*:
1.0% to 1.5% of
annual net
revenues
50% in chronological order:
(1) 1st Priority, independently of the year of the inclusion in
the budget (only breach of chronological order allowed):
- Creditors over 60-yrs holders capped at a
predetermined amount**
- Sick/ill creditors, in specific cases established by
law, capped at a predetermined amount**
(2) For each year, alimony precaterios will have preference
with respect to non-alimony of the same year
50% residual, debtors have 3 options:
a) Reverse Auction under CVM or Central Bank Supervision
b) Size Ordero)
c) Direct agreement with the creditors
Annual Amount Allocated
to Pay Precaterios
* According to the geographical location of the state or municipality
15
•* Each state can choose a threshold
(1) The State of Sat Paulo has adopted this regime (link: http://www.tj.sp.gov.br/Depre/Pagamentos/Estaduais/Default.aspx)
EFTA01185761
Legal Framework: Latest News
Declarations of unconstitutionality
Federal Supreme Court
In 2013 the Emenda Constitutional EC 62/2009 has been declared unconstitutional
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• Two are the main changes that have been declared
unconstitutional:
The credit rights market has be fully repaid in
15 years;
The revaluation of the credit rights has to be
done at savings deposit accounts rather than
6% or 12% plus inflation;
What happened as a result of the Declarations of unconstitutionality?
• Credit rights are now revaluated again at 6% or 12% plus inflation;
• In order to repay the full stock of credits the president of the precatorios commission, Marco Antonio
Innocenti and the government minister Luiz Fux are discussing the possibility of a "Modulacao" , i.e. how to
repay the credits within a maximum of 5 years.
Link: http://stfjus.briportal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=233520
16
EFTA01185762
Legal Framework: Latest News
Press Article: "Modulação"
"Modulação"
Ministro do STF Luiz Fux propõe que precatórios sejam pagos até 2018
a A dívida dos Estados e municípios com precatórios deve ser paga até 2018, conforme proposta
apresentada pelo ministro Luiz Fux, nesta quinta-feira. Em breve, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) terá
de decidir como os débitos, que somam cerca de R$ 90 bilhões, serão pagos.
a Em março 2013, a Corte considerou inconstitucional a emenda que permitia o parcelamento dos precatórios
em até 15 anos e previa a realização de leilões de títulos.
a Em 25 março 2015, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) decidiou que Estados e minicipios devem quitar seu
estoque de precatorios até o fim de 2020.
Link:
precatorios-ate-2020-decide-stf.shtml
17
EFTA01185763
Legal Framework: Latest News
"Estados e municípios devem quitar precatórios até 2020, decide STF"
Ministro do STF Luiz Fux propõe que precatórios sejam pagos até 2018
O STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) decidiu nesta
quarta-feira (25) que Estados e municípios devem
quitar seu estoque de precatórios —dívidas do poder
público reconhecidas pela Justiça— até o fim de
2020. A estimativa do CNJ (Conselho Nacional de
Justiça) é que o montante esteja na casa dos R$ 94
bilhões.
O tema estava sendo discutido pelo Supremo desde
2013, quando a corte derrubou uma emenda constitucional de 2009 que
instituía um sistema de parcelamento dos pagamentos em até 1,5 anos.
A legislação ainda fixava a TR (Taxa Referencial) como índice para a correção
dos títulos e abria a possibilidade dos chamados leilões inversos, quando o
credor que oferecesse o maior desconto ao Estado teria preferência para o
recebimento.
De acordo com a decisão do STF desta quarta, todos os precatórios devem ser
quitados até 2020. A partir daí, as dividas reconhecidas até julho terão de
entrar no orçamento do ano seguinte, o que evitaria novo acúmulo de débitos.
Os ministros ainda definiram que, até esta quarta, as títulos serão corrigidos
pela TR, mas, a partir desta quinta, passa a valer um índice de preços, o IPCA-
E.
Para evitar futuros questionamentos na Justiça, os ministros validaram todos
os pagamentos já realizados, inclusive os feitos através de leilões inversos, que
passam a ser proibidos. Apesar disso, até 2020 os credores poderão fazer
negociações diretas com o Estado para tentar furar a fila de pagamentos, mas
o desconto máximo permitido será de 4o% sobre o valor da dívida.
A decisão da corte ainda mantém a obrigação de Estados e municípios
destinarem o mínimo de i% a 2% de suas receitas correntes liquidas até 2020
para o pagamento dos precatórios. Aqueles que descumprirem a regra ficam
sujeitos a sanções.
Durante o julgamento, o único ministro a se manifestar contrariamente às
regras definidas foi Marco Aurélio Mello. De acordo com ele, caberia ao Si?
somente dizer se a emenda que tratava de precatórios era ou não
constitucional, sendo inviável se criar mecanismos para futuros pagamentos,
o que só poderia ser feito pelo Legislativo.
"Estamos a substituir o Congresso Nacional. Estamos a reescrever a
Constituição Federal (...) quando o STF avança e extravasa limites lança um
bumerangue que pode voltar å respvdiva testa", disse.
O ministro Gilmar Mendes, por sua vez, ponderou que uma vez derrubada a
emenda constitucional, que de uma forma ou de outra havia permitido a
retomada do pagamento de precatórios, era preciso que se criassem regras de
transição.
"Se só declarássemos a nulidade as consequências também seria desastrosas."
18
EFTA01185764
Table of Contents
■ Introduction
■ Overview of the Credit Rights Market
■ Legal Framework
■ How to Access the Credit Rights
■ Disclaimer
19
EFTA01185765
Structuring
How to Repackage the Credit Rights
Available Vehicles
■ In order to invest in these credit rights we can offer two types of vehicles:
Fund
■ Issued in Luxembourg by a German Issuer with very good
reputation;
■ Daily valuation;
■ Listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange;
■ Bahamas Fund with quarterly NAV;
■ Audited Fund;
20
EFTA01185766
Note - Terms and Conditions
C Chartered
Nair Opus
Instrument
Name
Issuer
ISIN
Global Custody
Listing
Maturity Date
Currency
Minimum Denomination
Minimum trading amount
Issue Price
Governing Law
Note
7Y USD Enhanced Brazilian Credit Linked Bonds 2014(21)
Opus - Chartered Issuances S.A. - Luxembourg
DE000A13TYW2
Clearstream Banking AG, Frankfurt
Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Open Market) with daily quotation
7 Years
USD
50'000 USD
250'000 USD
100%
German
21
EFTA01185767
Fund - Terms and Conditions
EQUITY
Fund Denomination
Investment Manager
Administration Agent
Structure
Investors
ISIN Code
Class of Share
Minimum Investment
Redemption
NAV
Mgmt Fees
Performance Fee
Enhanced High Yield Fixed Income Fund
Prudentia Group Ltd
Equity Bank And Trust Bahamas Limited
Lux Open-ended Fund
Qualified Investors
BSP3720H1081
USD
Euro 125k
Quarterly
Quarterly
1%
0%
22
EFTA01185768
Table of Contents
■ Introduction
■ Overview of the Credit Rights Market
■ Legal Framework
■ How to Access the Credit Rights
■ Disclaimer
23
EFTA01185769
Disclaimer
■ The material provided herein is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of
an offer to buy any securities relating to any of the products referenced herein, notwithstanding that any such securities
may be currently being offered to others.
■ This presentation does not constitute an offer or solicitation to any person in any jurisdiction in which such offer or
solicitation is not authorized or to any person to whom it would be unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.
■ It is the responsibility of any person or persons in possession of this material to inform themselves of and to observe all
applicable laws and regulations of any relevant jurisdiction. Prospective investors should inform themselves and take
appropriate advice as to any applicable legal requirements and any applicable taxation and exchange control regulations
in the countries of their citizenship, residence or domicile which might be relevant to the subscription, purchase, holding,
exchange, redemption or disposal of any investments.
■ The given material is subject to change and, although based upon information which we consider reliable, it is not
guaranteed as to accuracy or completeness.
■ Past performance is not a guide to future performance and the value of investments and the income derived from those
investments can go down as well as up. Future returns are not guaranteed and a loss of principal may occur. Opinions
expressed are current opinions as of the date appearing in this material only. No part of this material may be i) copied,
photocopied or duplicated in any form, by any means; or ii) redistributed without prior written consent.
24
EFTA01185770
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