EFTA Document EFTA02025640

To: [email protected]@gmaitcom Cc: E stei • Jeffre nueevacation@gmaitcom]; Sue From: Sent: Subject: Re: Some helpful info.. Wed 9/21/2011 5:08:15 PM $OOOOO mean! Sent from my iPhone On Sep 21, 2011, at 12:36 PM, •c > wrote: U.S. National Library of Medicine - The World's Largest Medical Library PubMed Health <2930593.pf> Search Home > Diseases and Conditions > Chlamydia <2317271.gif>Print A.DA.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Chlamydia About PubMed Health I Home I Help Last reviewed: June 7, 2010. Chlamydia is a disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is most commonly sexually transmitted. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Chlamydia infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Sexually active individuals and individuals with multiple partners are at highest risk. Symptoms As many as 1 in 4 men with chlamydia have no symptoms. In men, chlamydia may produce symptoms similar to gonorrhea. Symptoms may include: • Burning sensation during urination • Discharge from the penis or rectum • Testicular tenderness or pain • Rectal discharge or pain Only about 30% of women with chlamydia have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include: • Burning sensation during urination • Painful sexual intercourse • Rectal pain or discharge • Symptoms of PID, salpingitis, liver inflammation similar to hepatitis EFTA_R1_00533155 EFTA02025640 • Vaginal discharge See also: Chlamydia in women In serious cases, domestic animals such as cats and dogs should be watched closely. If they start loosing their fur, it could be an indication of a serious heart infection and they could have an increased likelihood of an early death if not properly treated. See also: Chlamydia in domestic animals Signs and tests The diagnosis of chlamydia infection involves sampling of the urethral discharge in males or cervical secretions in females. If an individual engages in anal sexual contact, samples from the rectum may also be needed. The sample is sent for a fluorescent or monoclonal antibody test, DNA probe test, or cell culture. Some of these tests may also be performed on urine samples. Treatment The usual treatment for chlamydia is antibiotics, including tetracyclines, azithromycin, or erythromycin. You can get chlamydia with gonorrhea or syphilis, so if you have one sexually transmitted disease you must be screened for other sexually transmitted diseases as well. All sexual contacts should be screened for chlamydia. Sexual partners must be treated to prevent passing the infection back and forth. There is no significant immunity following the infection and a person may become repeatedly infected. A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4 weeks to determine if the infection has been cured. Expectations (prognosis) Early antibiotic treatment is extremely successful and may prevent the development of long- term complications. Untreated infection, however, may lead to complications. Complications Chlamydia infections in women may lead to inflammation of the cervix. In men, chlamydia infection can lead to inflammation of the urethra called urethritis. untreated chlamydia infection may spread to the uterus or the fallopian tubes, causing salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease. These conditions can lead to infertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. If a women is infected with chlamydia while pregnant, the infection may cause infection in the uterus after delivery (late postpartum endometritis). In addition, the infant may develop chlamydia-related conjunctivitis (eye infection) and pneumonia. See: chlamydial pneumonia Calling your health care provider Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of chlamydia. Because many people with chlamydia may not have symptoms, sexually active adults should be screened periodically for the infection. Prevention All sexually active women up through age 25 should be screened yearly for chlamydia. All women with new sexual partners or multiple partners should also be screened. A mutually monogamous sexual relationship with uninfected partner is one way to avoid this infection. The proper use of condoms during intercourse usually prevents infection. References 1. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chlamydial infection: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2007:147:128-134. [PubMed) 2. Stamm WE, Batteiger BE. Chlamydiatrachomatis (trachoma, perinatal infections, tymphogranubma venereum, and other genital infections). In: Mandell EFTA_R1_00533156 EFTA02025641 GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 180. Review Date: 6/7/2010. Reviewed by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Wasltington. School of Medicine: Susan Storck, MD. FACOG. Chief. Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond. Washington: Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve. MD. MHA. Medical Director, ADAM.. Inc. <th-pmh_adam-logo.png> A.D.A.M., Disclaimer Copyright 2011, A.D.A.M., Inc. What works? Interventions for treating genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy Interventions for treating genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection which, if a mother has it during pregnancy and labour, can cause eye or lung infections in the newborn baby. The risk of transmission during birth varies, but is about 20% to 50% for eye infections and about 10% to 20% for infection of the lungs. Mothers may also be at increased risk of infection of the uterus. The review looked at various antibiotics being used during pregnancy to reduce these problems and to assess any adverse effects. Tetracyclines taken in pregnancy are known to be associated with teeth and bone abnormalities in babies, and some women find erythromycin unpleasant to take because of feeling sick and vomiting. The review found eleven trials, involving 1449 women, on erythromycin, amoxycillin, azithromycin and clindamycin, and the overall trial quoit was good. However, all the trials assessed 'microbiological cure' (that is they looked for eradication of the infection) and none assessed whether the eye or lung problems for the baby were reduced. Also, none of the trials were large enou h to assess potential adverse outcomes adequately. The review found amoxycilfin was effective alternative to erythromycin but lack of long-term assessment of outcomes caused concern about its routine use in practice. If erythromycin is used, some women may stop taking it because of adverse effects. Azithromycin and clindamycin are potential alternatives. More research is needed. See all (12)... Figures <9069.gif> Drugs of interest Azithromycin Azithromycin is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. such as bronchitis: pneumonia: sexually transmitted diseases (STD): and infections of the ears, lungs. skin, and throat. Azithromycin is in a class of medications called macroade antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics will not work for colds. flu, or other viral infections. Erythromycin Erythromycin is antibiotic used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. such as bronchitis: diphtheria: Legionnaires' disease: pertussis (whooping cough): pneumonia: rheumatic fever: venereal disease (VD): and ear, intestine, lung, urinary tract, and skin infections. It is also used before some surgery or dental work to prevent infection. Antibiotics will not work for colds, flu. or other viral infections. This medication is sometimes EFTA_R1_00533157 EFTA02025642 prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. Doxycycline Doxycycline is used to treat bacterial infections. including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections; Lyme disease; acne: infections of skin, genital. and urinary systems; and anthrax (after inhalabonal exposure). It is also used to prevent malaria. Doxycycline is in a class of medications caned tetracycline antibiotics. It works by preventing the growth and spread of bacteria. Antibiotics will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Levofloxacin Levofloxacin is used to treat certain infections such as pneumonia chronic bronchitis and sinus, unnary tract, kidney, prostate (a male reproductrve gland). and skin infections. Levofloxacin is also used to prevent anthrax (a serious Infection that may be spread on purpose as part of a bioterror attack) in people who may have been exposed to anthrax germs in the air. Levofloxacin is in a class of antibiotics called fluoroguinolones. It works by killing bacteria that cause infections. Antibiotics will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Clarithromycin Clarithromycin is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia (a lung infection), bronchitis (infection of the tubes leading to the lungs), and infections of the ears, sinuses, skin, and throat. It also is used to treat and prevent disseminated Mycobactenum avium complex (MAC) infection (a type of lung infection that often affects people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. It is used in combination with other medications to eliminate H. pylori, a bacteria that causes ulcers. Clarithromycin is in a class of medications called macrolide antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. See all... Read More Penis Epididymitis Orchitis Chlamydia infections in women Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Infertility Ectopic pregnancy Conjunctivitis Psittacosis <1854289.png> Chlamydia Infections MedlinePlus.00v links to free, reliable, up-to-date health information from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other trusted health organizations. Recent activity ClearTurn Off Chlamydia Chlamydia See more... NLMNIHDHHSUS4,A•r PubMed Health Home l About PubMed Health Copyright I Disclaimer I Contact Us NCBINational Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD. 20894 USA EFTA_R1_005331 58 EFTA02025643 In partnership with: AHRQ: Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityThe Cochrane CollaborationIQWIG: German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health CareOHSU: Oregon Health 8 Science UniversityVA: Veterans Health AdministrationASHP: The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists EFTA_R1_00533159 EFTA02025644