Academic analysis of enforcement discretion and redundant jurisdiction in U.S. criminal justice

Academic analysis of enforcement discretion and redundant jurisdiction in U.S. criminal justice The passage is a scholarly discussion of legal doctrines and structural mechanisms for addressing underenforcement. It does not identify specific individuals, transactions, or misconduct, nor does it provide actionable leads. Its relevance is limited to contextual understanding of oversight frameworks. Key insights: Decisions not to arrest or charge are largely immune from judicial review.; Mandatory prosecution rules are rare in common law jurisdictions like the U.S.; Redundant charging authority can be created via overlapping agencies or federalism.